CN104871915A - Cultivation method of Taiwan psidium guajava in Karst rock-desertification areas - Google Patents
Cultivation method of Taiwan psidium guajava in Karst rock-desertification areas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of Taiwan psidium guajava in Karst rock-desertification areas. The cultivation method is characterized in that the variety of the cultivated Taiwan psidium guajava is 'zhenzhu ba'. The cultivation method includes the steps of seedling raising by cutting, field planting, pruning and shaping, fertilizer and water management, field management and pest control. By the method, continuous expansion of the Karst rock-desertification areas is prevented effectively, and meanwhile water retention and water and soil loss reduction effects on soil of the Karst rock-desertification areas are achieved. Meanwhile, the Taiwan psidium guajava 'zhenzhu ba' is popularized and planted in the Karst rock-desertification areas for the first time, the planted Taiwan psidium guajava has the advantages of high quality, high yield and the like, and great economic and social benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of economic crops, particularly the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region guava.
Background technology
Guava
(Psidium guajava Linn)be commonly called as fragrant plant happy, chicken droppings fruit, pull out son, loudspeaker guava, belong to Myrtaceae, Psidium arbor, it is the tropical fruit tree that a kind of adaptability is very strong, originate in american torrid zone, 16 ~ the 17th century is transmitted to the torrid zone, the world and subtropical zone, and as North America, Oceania, New Zealand, Austronesia, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, north African, Vietnam etc., about the 17th century end imports China into, existing Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi etc. are economized all cultivation, and some places have escaped as wild fruit tree.Its growth adaptability is strong, does not select soil, and cultivation easily.Guava is nutritious, and Vitamin C content is extra-high.Fruit has treatment diabetes and hypoglycemic drug effect, and blade also can control diarrhoea.Fruit, except eating raw, also can be processed into fruit juice, inspissated juice, fruit powder, jam, thickened pulp, jelly etc.
Taiwan guava, is commonly called as fragrant plant pleasure, that pulls out son or pulls out son.Taiwan guava meat is very soft, and gravy enriches, and have a sweet taste, almost without seed, local flavor is close between pears and Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.Its fruit ellipse, color breast is blue or green to milky white, extremely beautiful, and mean fruit weight more than 380 grams, maximum reaches 550 grams, and sugar content is 11.45%, and containing a large amount of potassium, iron, carotin etc., nutrition is extremely abundant.Guava has following characteristics in Taiwan: 1, fruit shape has spherical, oval, oval and foreign pyriform, and pericarp is common be green, redness, yellow, pulp adularescent, redness, yellow etc.Fine and tender taste, clear and melodious fragrant and sweet, tasty and refreshing comfortable, be not often fed up with eating, be the best fruit of skin maintenance.2, nutritious, can appetite be increased, promote upgrowth and development of children, containing protein, fat, carbohydrate, Alphalin, B, C, calcium, phosphorus, iron.Guava is of high nutritive value, with Vitamin C, and more than citrus 8 times, than many decades of times such as banana, pawpaw, tomato (tomato), watermelon, pineapples, iron, calcium, phosphorus content also enrich, and in seed, the content of iron is more better than other fruit, so preferably can eat down together.3, dietotherapy medical value is high, can prevent and treat hypertension, diabetes, for obesity and the not good patient of stomach, and ideal edible fruits.The blade that fragrant plant is happy and young fruit section are dried and are brewed up, can adjuvant therapy of diabetes.4, fruit pollutes without poisoning, disease, and planting because of scientific, from fruitlet, be just set with bag film, until fruit picking, completely cut off with poisoning insect pest, is the pollution-free food of standard.5, there is various large, medium and small attractive in appearance, exquisite packaging.Be convenient to storage and transport, because season is different, fresh keeping time 15-30 days are not etc., and can process again juice processed, be current best-selling fruit drink, is also the optimum gift of modern.6, conveniently eat raw, (exempting to peel) i.e. edible cleaned by fresh fruit, and some people likes stripping and slicing to be placed on dish, adds a little plum powder or salt, unique flavor.As used family fruit juice mixer, self-control Normal juice, original flavor fruit juice, unique taste of enjoying life.Taiwan guava kind the earliest gets final product result in lower 80 days, and kind at the latest also can be gathered for lower 10 months, and throughout the year all at growth result, then can fruit picking more than 25 kilograms, is that most premature labor is also one of fruit tree of getting bumper crops most in the world at present.Taiwan guava does not almost have any damage by disease and insect, as long as weather conditions are suitable for, with kind with work, growth is exceedingly fast, and common people can plant successfully.
The a lot of provinces, cities and autonomous regions of south China, as there is a lot of Karst hill area on the ground such as Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi.The feature in Karst hill area is that the water with corrosion power carries out the general name that corrosion etc. acts on earth's surface and the underground form formed, also known as karst features to solublerock.Except corrosion, also comprise the erosion of flowing water, erosion of diving, and the mechanical erosion process such as to collapse.Before centuries, the Karst hill area rainfall of south China is abundant, have abundant water resources, virgin forest coverage rate is high, aboundresources, beautiful scenery, but along with the growth of entrance, the mankind are in Karst hill area Fast Activities, just cause the destruction of mountain areas forest, the Karst Desertification of current Southwestern China karst has been current global the most serious one of environment and socioeconomic problem, when we are having a taste of karst stone forests in different poses and with different expressions and stone forest wonder, after the superb craftsmanship of admiration the Nature, hardly realize that Karst Rocky Desertification engulfs our home just gradually, threaten our production and life.Under the fragile ecological environment of karst, because locals is to the unreasonable exploitation of land resources, cause vegetation deterioration, water and soil loss, land capability decline or lose, rock is exposed gradually, and earth's surface presents similar desertscape.At present, the Rocky desertification hazard of China nearly more than 70% is mainly distributed in southern 8 provinces (district, city) such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guangdong centered by Guizhou Plateau, stony desertification area reaches 12.96 ten thousand square kilometres, annual land area of approximately engulfing 1856 square kilometres, overall in aggravation trend.
For intensity Rocky Desertification Region, due to the relation numerous imbalances of human and environment, the mankind lack basic life condition, therefore the ecology strategy based on clear-cutting forestland is mainly taked to the improvement of stony desertification, except planned, do systematically Ecological Immigration, the measure such as take to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation progressively recovers vegetation, and the eco-tour of reasonable development karst.For moderate Rocky Desertification Region, mainly take to administer into main ecology strategy, by conceding the land to forestry, developing, the measures such as farm forestry are actively administered.For slight Rocky Desertification Region; mainly taking to administer is ecology strategy that is main, that strengthen prevention; carry out the Comprehensive ecological control of the ecological agriculture, courtyard economy; strengthen farmland capital construction, rural energy construction and man and livestock drinking water project construction; protect existing soil and vegetation cover, prevent new stony desertification soil.
Carrying out studying becoming focus gradually for Karst Rocky Desertification Development in Mountain Region long-term cropping, as authorized publication number being: the invention of CN102907249B: the cultivation method of the mulberry tree in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region, adopt " Gui Sang excellent 62 " mulberry tree breed as stock, " No. 10, farming and sericulture " mulberry tree breed is as scion, cultivation method comprises wholely, nursery and grafting, seedling treatment, plantation, pruner cuts down, field management, the steps such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, the mulberry tree breed of the present invention's cultivation has well developed root system, water moisture self restraint, tree-like larger, branch is many, joint shape is given prominence to, accessory bud is many greatly, leaf oblong, dark green leaf color, blade face is flat and smooth, gloss is stronger, mesophyll is thick, for the high-quality mulberry leaf of breeding silkworms, can also as cowboying, the excellent food of sheep raising, to Karst hill area Revegetation of Eco-environment and increasing income to mass peasants.
On this basis, inventor tests various crop again, find the extra earning that not only can realize economic benefit Karst Rocky Desertification mountain planting Taiwan guava, the continuation that can also improve severe ecotope worsens, to Karst Rocky Desertification mountain soil, there is water-retaining effect, reduce the effect of water and soil loss.Taiwan guava strong adaptability, economize in China Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi etc. and all can plant, Taiwan guava requires not strict to soil, on sandy soil, loam, husky earth, micro-Acidity of Aikalinity soil all can plant, and drought-enduring, heat-resisting, resistance to lean, be planting trees on barren hills, the fine tree species of the environment that conserves water and soil, improves.But under Karst Rocky Desertification condition, plant Taiwan guava, how to overcome moisture and lack, the problems such as soil condition is poor, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, meanwhile, select which kind of kind plantation to be also the problem needing to need further to solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of invention is to provide the cultivation method of Taiwan, a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region guava, not only can planting trees on barren hills, conserve water and soil, improve environment; In Karst Rocky Desertification mountain planting Taiwan, guava can also create economic benefit, for peasant increases production extra earning, walks Sustainable Development Road and provides foundation.
The cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region of the present invention guava comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting kind: " pearl is pulled out " is a kind of Taiwan guava, is the new varieties that Taiwan is selected many excellent strains and selected, one of Important Economic fruit tree having become now Taiwan.Have following biological property: " pearl is pulled out " tree vigo(u)r is strong, well developed root system, height of tree 2-3 rice, tree-likely comparatively to open a business, branch is flexible comparatively, and bud is easily formed; The long 11.2cm of blade, wide 6.2cm, color is greener, and mesophyll is thinner; Fruit obovate, but between the 2-5 month, mellow fruit shortens into oblateness gradually, has obvious ordinate like pumpkin-shaped.Frostless regional perpetual bloom result, early fruiting and high yield, namely spring planting has then yields positive results on a small quantity, and 12-15 kilogram is produced in Second Year strain, and strain in third and fourth year produces more than 30-50 kilogram, output cumulative year after year.Constantly, per mu yield 1000 kilograms in the 2nd year, per mu yield in third and fourth year can reach 5000 kilograms to warm regional perpetual bloom fruit.Single fruit weight 200-900 gram, fruit Long Circle or circle, pericarp yellow green, peel smooth is fine and smooth, ediblely need not peel, pulp white, and meat is thick crisp sweet, the another tool taste of meat of core, soft soft taste as toffee, micro-perfume (or spice), very peculiar.Cold-resistant, resistance to nonirrigated farmland, pest-resistant disease; All can plant to floods and droughts.
(2) cuttage and seedling culture: the thick 1.2 ~ 1.5cm of clip stem, long 15 ~ 20cm, the raw branch of guava of 2 ~ 3 years is as the short fringe of cuttage; With concentration be the auximone of 0.2%, the root-inducing powder of 0.1% and 2% sucrose mixed solution soak cuttings base portion, soak time is 30 ~ 60s, can promote root of hair; Short fringe after immersion is cultivated in the slotting machine of 28 ~ 32 DEG C.
(3) field planting: according to spacing in the rows 2.5m × 3m, 60 ~ 70 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 80cm × 80cm × 60cm deeply; During plantation, root system will evenly be arranged, and successively inserts fine earth, compacting, and nursery stock root mass and soil are close to, and planting depth is for burying soil to nursery stock rhizome portion as well; After field planting, straw or film on guava disk cover.
(4) trimming and finishing: after guava field planting survives, top can be cut in trunk 50cm eminence, every strain guava stays first order branch 2 ~ 3 row culture trunk branch of different directions, after major branch is formed, retain major branch 50 ~ 60cm short branch again, to cultivate secondary scaffold branch, pluck the short branch in top when young sprout grows to 25 ~ 30cm, the high yield being trained short hat the first transaction of a day's business is tree-like later; During young sprout vigorous growth, by top ends more than six joint leaves, use hand pinching, suppress young sprout to increase, reduce nutrient void consumption, and impel hypomere branch to blossom result more; Pumping is grown rapidly, upwards, likely becomes the young sprout of water sprout, should extract; Branch for depauperation, overstocked, downward or interior life also should remove.
(5) rich water quality management: execute chicken manure 5 ~ 10kg before field planting in the hole, cave dug, cross phosphorus calcium 1 ~ 2kg, lime 1 ~ 2kg, and use 200 ~ 300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1 ~ 2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; Topdress when starting rudiment after plant is pruned and when fruit starts hypertrophy, topdress every year 2 ~ 3 times, manure use is main, coordinates and imposes appropriate compound organic and inorganic fertilizer; Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated; To shedding withholding period after spending at the beginning of guava, every spray in 15 ~ 20 days foliage fertilizer, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times.
(6) field management is: control shoot grows, and the flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer in time, and the florescence supplements boron fertilizer, flower and fruit protecting; Young fruit carries out bagging slightly larger than during vegetables and fruits bag top end opening, and vegetables and fruits bag overlaps the porose plastic bag of upper bottom portion outward again, and is tied to by plastic bag on carpopodium and petiole; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management.
Above-described auximone is one or more in indolepopionic acid, indolebutyric acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, Nafusaku, methyl α-naphthyl acetate acid amides.
Above-described fertilizer, after saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial fermentation inoculum, general calcium being mixed, adds water and stir, convert into mother liquor, then add in mother liquor animal crushed bone meal, Pond Silt, rice straw powder to stir soak, ferment 5 ~ 10 days, to obtain final product.
Above-described water-loss reducer comprises the raw material of following weight portion: humus 20 ~ 25 parts, polyacrylamide 10 ~ 15 parts, carboxymethyl cellulose 10 ~ 15 parts, imvite 10 ~ 15 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 4 parts.
The above compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is 40-44% containing inorganic fertilizer percentage by weight, wherein N>=16%, P
2o5>=8%, K
2o>=16%; Organic percentage by weight>=15%.
Above-described compound pesticide fertilizer contains insecticide diazinon and MTI-446 percentage by weight is respectively 0.1% and 0.5%, and N P and K weight ratio is 20:5:20.
The material composition of above-described foliage fertilizer and parts by weight are: fresh sisal hemp waste water 85 ~ 90 weight portion, trace element 0.5 ~ 1.0 weight portion, organic acid 5 ~ 10 weight portion, molasses concentrate 2 ~ 4 weight portion and surfactant 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion; Foliage fertilizer is diluted with water to 200 times to spray.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest:: to the control of anthracnose, canker, damping off, aphid, moth fruitworm, two spotted spider mite, chafer, oriental moth; Use botanical insect-proof agent control Taiwan Pan pomegranate insect pest; Use harmless bactericidal agent for preventing and treating Taiwan Pan pomegranate disease.
The material composition of above-described botanical insect-proof agent and parts by weight are: print chinaberry 30 ~ 40 parts, granatum 15 ~ 20 parts, rhizoma nardostachyos 10 ~ 15 parts, polygonum flaccidum 5 ~ 10 parts, wash one's hands fruit soak 0.5 part, using method is smashed by above-mentioned material, adds 5 ~ 10 times of water, boil half an hour, get filtrate sprinkling.
Print chinaberry
azadirachta Indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Melia arbor, originates in India and Burma, extensively plants in tropical and subtropical region, in the existing distribution of more than 70 countries of Southern Asia, Africa and South America.Print chinaberry product is applied very widely as nowadays nimbin has had in crops deinsectization.Azadirachtin preparation is applied to soil, can be absorbed, be transported to cauline leaf, thus make whole strain plant have resistance to insects by crop roots such as cotton, paddy rice, corn, fruit tree, wheat, broad beans.Print chinaberry product, except making insecticide, also has multiple use, containing killing nematode, sterilization and antiviral active component in its seed.
Granatum is the pericarp of Punicaceae plant pomegranate, [latin name]
pomegranate Rind, in China, most area has distribution, is the plant that a kind of resource is very abundant; Granatum is to insect, and such as aphid, the beautiful scutteleerid of oil tea, carpenter moth etc., have very strong food refusal, deterrent effect, be developed as a kind of novel vegetable insecticide, when using as Chinese medicine, granatum is used for controlling and rushes down for a long time, protracted dysentery, have blood in stool, prolapse of the anus, involuntary emission, uterine bleeding, under band, abdominal pain due to enterositosis, mange.
Rhizoma nardostachyos
nardostachys chinensis Batal.for Caprifoliaceae rhizoma nardostachyos platymiscium, it is Chinese distinctive plant.Be distributed in Gansu, the Inner Mongol, Qinghai, Sichuan, Guizhou, northwestern Yunnan Province, Tibet; Rhizoma nardostachyos has extremely strong desinsection, resistance against diseases, and rhizoma nardostachyos has very strong food refusal, deterrent effect to insect, is a kind of novel vegetable insecticide well; When using as Chinese medicine, turmeric is used for abdominal distention; Do not feel like eating; Toothache; Beriberi.
Polygonum flaccidum
polygonum hydropiper L.belong to polygonaceae
(Polygonaceae)polygonum
(Polygonum L.)annual herb plant, be a kind of Chinese traditional herbs of China, in China, most area has distribution, is the plant that a kind of resource is very abundant; Polygonum flaccidum is to insect, and such as aphid, scale insect etc., have very strong food refusal, deterrent effect, be developed as a kind of novel vegetable insecticide, when using as Chinese medicine, polygonum flaccidum is used for dysentery, have loose bowels, acute tonsillitis, malaria, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury, uterine bleeding, carbuncle swells furunculosis, scrofula, venomous snake bite, eczema, the ringworm of the foot, traumatism and bleeding.
The material composition of above-described harmless bactericide is the mixture of oligosaccharide element, caryophyllus oil and surfactant, oligosaccharide element parts by weight are 50 ~ 60 parts, caryophyllus oil parts by weight are 20 ~ 30 parts, and surfactant parts by weight are 2 ~ 3 parts, thin up 200 times during use.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, Taiwan guava kind is introduced a fine variety in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region and is planted experimentally successfully by the present invention first, Taiwan guava kind " pearl is pulled out " originates in Taiwan, this Introduced Cultivars is planted to Karst Rocky Desertification Mountain area, enrich the kind of Karst Rocky Desertification long-term cropping, and the plantation of Taiwan guava is successfully local farmers volume increase extra earning, significant to the geographical environment and social environment improving Rocky Desertification Region.
2, the Taiwan guava of the inventive method plantation has fruit Long Circle or circle, pericarp yellow green, and peel smooth is fine and smooth, ediblely need not peel, pulp white, and meat is thick crisp sweet, the another tool taste of meat of core, soft soft taste as toffee, micro-perfume (or spice); Cold-resistant, resistance to nonirrigated farmland, pest-resistant disease; All can plant to floods and droughts.
3, cultivation method of the present invention adopts the advanced farming such as compound pesticide fertilizer, fertilizer, harmless botanical insect-proof agent, fertilizer and removes insect pest technology, not only effectively improve the soil property environment in Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region, soil with organic matter content is increased greatly, and the fertile one of medicine, the fertile economic benefits and social benefits of medicine, while guarantee nutrition, also serve good insecticidal effect, under the condition of stony desertification traffic of mountain area inconvenience, significantly reduce the cost of labor of plantation Taiwan guava.
4, Taiwan of the present invention guava " pearl is pulled out " kind has that fast-growing, high yield, stable yields, fruit quality are good, term easily regulates and the advantage such as cultivation management technology requirement is lower.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) kind is selected: Taiwan guava kind is " pearl is pulled out ".
(2) cuttage and seedling culture: the thick 1.2 ~ 1.5cm of clip stem, long 15 ~ 20cm, the raw branch of guava of 2 ~ 3 years is as the short fringe of cuttage; With concentration be the auximone of 0.2%, the root-inducing powder of 0.1% and 2% sucrose mixed solution soak cuttings base portion, soak time is 30 ~ 60s, can promote root of hair; Short fringe after immersion is cultivated in the slotting machine of 28 ~ 32 DEG C.
(3) field planting: according to spacing in the rows 2.5m × 3m, 60 ~ 70 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 80cm × 80cm × 60cm deeply; During plantation, root system will evenly be arranged, and successively inserts fine earth, compacting, and nursery stock root mass and soil are close to, and planting depth is for burying soil to nursery stock rhizome portion as well; After field planting, straw or film on guava disk cover.
(4) trimming and finishing: after guava field planting survives, top can be cut in trunk 50cm eminence, every strain guava stays first order branch 2 ~ 3 row culture trunk branch of different directions, after major branch is formed, retain major branch 50 ~ 60cm short branch again, to cultivate secondary scaffold branch, pluck the short branch in top when young sprout grows to 25 ~ 30cm, the high yield being trained short hat the first transaction of a day's business is tree-like later; During young sprout vigorous growth, by top ends more than six joint leaves, use hand pinching, suppress young sprout to increase, reduce nutrient void consumption, and impel hypomere branch to blossom result more; Pumping is grown rapidly, upwards, likely becomes the young sprout of water sprout, should extract; Branch for depauperation, overstocked, downward or interior life also should remove.
(5) rich water quality management: execute chicken manure 5 ~ 10kg before field planting in the hole, cave dug, cross phosphorus calcium 1 ~ 2kg, lime 1 ~ 2kg, and use 200 ~ 300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1 ~ 2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; Topdress when starting rudiment after plant is pruned and when fruit starts hypertrophy, topdress every year 2 ~ 3 times, manure use is main, coordinates and imposes appropriate compound organic and inorganic fertilizer; Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated; To shedding withholding period after spending at the beginning of guava, every spray in 15 ~ 20 days foliage fertilizer, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times.
(6) field management is: control shoot grows, and the flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer in time, and the florescence supplements boron fertilizer, flower and fruit protecting; Young fruit carries out bagging slightly larger than during vegetables and fruits bag top end opening, and vegetables and fruits bag overlaps the porose plastic bag of upper bottom portion outward again, and is tied to by plastic bag on carpopodium and petiole; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management.
(7) extermination of disease and insect pest:: to the control of anthracnose, canker, damping off, aphid, moth fruitworm, two spotted spider mite, chafer, oriental moth; Use botanical insect-proof agent control Taiwan Pan pomegranate insect pest; Use harmless bactericidal agent for preventing and treating Taiwan Pan pomegranate disease.
The control efficiency of table 1 Taiwan guava " pearl is pulled out " kind in the different bearing stage to disease and insect pest
| The dispenser phase | Spraying times | Diseased plant rate | Insect pest rate | Severity |
| Young sprout germination period | 2 | 9.8% | 10.5% | Slightly |
| Vegetative period | 3 | 12.8% | 13.9% | Gently |
| Initial bloom stage | 2 | 14.1% | 15.7% | Gently |
| CK | 0 | 95.4% | 98.2% | Heavy |
Note: disease generation severity divide do not occur, slightly, gently, in, heavily etc. 5 grades.
In Taiwan guava " pearl is pulled out " kind of Karst Rocky Desertification growing on hill-side, there is quality better, advantage that output is high by technique scheme, per mu yield 4000 ~ 5000 kilograms, good harvest is created to local peasant household, simultaneously, through 5 years planting experimentally and promoting, local Karst Mountains Desertification Area effectively shortens the process continuing to worsen, the suitable regional large-scale promotion at home with conditions of similarity.
Claims (9)
1. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region guava, it is characterized in that: the Taiwan guava kind of cultivating is for " pearl is pulled out ", and cultivation method comprises the step of cuttage and seedling culture, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Described cuttage and seedling culture is: the thick 1.2 ~ 1.5cm of clip stem, long 15 ~ 20cm, and the raw branch of guava of 2 ~ 3 years is as the short fringe of cuttage; With concentration be the auximone of 0.2%, the root-inducing powder of 0.1% and 2% sucrose mixed solution soak cuttings base portion, soak time is 30 ~ 60s, can promote root of hair; Short fringe after immersion is cultivated in the slotting machine of 28 ~ 32 DEG C;
Described field planting is: according to spacing in the rows 2.5m × 3m, and 60 ~ 70 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 80cm × 80cm × 60cm deeply; During plantation, root system will evenly be arranged, and successively inserts fine earth, compacting, and nursery stock root mass and soil are close to, and planting depth is for burying soil to nursery stock rhizome portion as well; After field planting, straw or film on guava disk cover;
Described trimming and finishing is: after guava field planting survives, top can be cut in trunk 50cm eminence, every strain guava stays first order branch 2 ~ 3 row culture trunk branch of different directions, after major branch is formed, retain major branch 50 ~ 60cm short branch again, to cultivate secondary scaffold branch, pluck the short branch in top when young sprout grows to 25 ~ 30cm, the high yield being trained short hat the first transaction of a day's business is tree-like later; During young sprout vigorous growth, by top ends more than six joint leaves, use hand pinching, suppress young sprout to increase, reduce nutrient void consumption, and impel hypomere branch to blossom result more; Pumping is grown rapidly, upwards, likely becomes the young sprout of water sprout, should extract; Branch for depauperation, overstocked, downward or interior life also should remove;
Described rich water quality management is: in the hole, cave dug, execute chicken manure 5 ~ 10kg before field planting, cross phosphorus calcium 1 ~ 2kg, lime 1 ~ 2kg, and use 200 ~ 300 grams of water-loss reducers and 1 ~ 2kg compound pesticide fertilizer; Topdress when starting rudiment after plant is pruned and when fruit starts hypertrophy, topdress every year 2 ~ 3 times, manure use is main, coordinates and imposes appropriate compound organic and inorganic fertilizer; Timely draining is irrigated, and accomplishes not flooded not non-irrigated; To shedding withholding period after spending at the beginning of guava, every spray in 15 ~ 20 days foliage fertilizer, connect spray 2 ~ 3 times;
Described field management is: control shoot grows, and the flower bud phase supplements potash fertilizer in time, and the florescence supplements boron fertilizer, flower and fruit protecting; Young fruit carries out bagging slightly larger than during vegetables and fruits bag top end opening, and vegetables and fruits bag overlaps the porose plastic bag of upper bottom portion outward again, and is tied to by plastic bag on carpopodium and petiole; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to anthracnose, canker, damping off, aphid, moth fruitworm, two spotted spider mite, chafer, oriental moth; Use botanical insect-proof agent control Taiwan Pan pomegranate insect pest; Use harmless bactericidal agent for preventing and treating Taiwan Pan pomegranate disease.
2. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, is characterized in that: described auximone is one or more in indolepopionic acid, indolebutyric acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, Nafusaku, methyl α-naphthyl acetate acid amides.
3. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer is after saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial fermentation inoculum, general calcium being mixed, add water and stir, convert into mother liquor, then add in mother liquor animal crushed bone meal, Pond Silt, rice straw powder to stir soak, ferment 5 ~ 10 days, to obtain final product.
4. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, is characterized in that: described water-loss reducer comprises the raw material of following weight portion: humus 20 ~ 25 parts, polyacrylamide 10 ~ 15 parts, carboxymethyl cellulose 10 ~ 15 parts, imvite 10 ~ 15 parts, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 4 parts.
5. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, is characterized in that: described compound organic and inorganic fertilizer is 40-44% containing inorganic fertilizer percentage by weight, wherein N>=16%, P
2o5>=8%, K
2o>=16%; Organic percentage by weight>=15%.
6. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, it is characterized in that: described compound pesticide fertilizer contains insecticide diazinon and MTI-446 percentage by weight is respectively 0.1% and 0.5%, N P and K weight ratio is 20:5:20.
7. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, it is characterized in that: the material composition of described foliage fertilizer and parts by weight are: fresh sisal hemp waste water 85 ~ 90 weight portion, trace element 0.5 ~ 1.0 weight portion, organic acid 5 ~ 10 weight portion, molasses concentrate 2 ~ 4 weight portion and surfactant 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight portion; Foliage fertilizer is diluted with water to 200 times to spray.
8. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, it is characterized in that: the material composition of described botanical insect-proof agent and parts by weight are: print chinaberry 30 ~ 40 parts, granatum 15 ~ 20 parts, rhizoma nardostachyos 10 ~ 15 parts, polygonum flaccidum 5 ~ 10 parts, wash one's hands fruit soak 0.5 part, using method is smashed by above-mentioned material, adds 5 ~ 10 times of water, boil half an hour, get filtrate sprinkling.
9. the cultivation method of Taiwan, Karst Rocky Desertification mountain region according to claim 1 guava, it is characterized in that: the material composition of described harmless bactericide is the mixture of oligosaccharide element, caryophyllus oil and surfactant, oligosaccharide element parts by weight are 50 ~ 60 parts, caryophyllus oil parts by weight are 20 ~ 30 parts, surfactant parts by weight are 2 ~ 3 parts, thin up 200 times during use.
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