CN105052472A - A high-quality high-yield planting method for organic bananas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield planting method of organic bananas, which is characterized in that: the planted banana variety is "Williams No. 6", and the planting method includes site selection, cultivation of tissue culture seedlings, planting, pruning and shaping, and fertilizer and water management , pastoral management and steps of pest control. The planting method of the method of the present invention has the advantages of high seedling survival rate, high yield, strong banana disease resistance and wind pressure resistance; and adopts advanced cultivation, fertilizer and insect pest removal technologies such as bio-organic fertilizers, plant insecticides and plant fungicides, It not only effectively improves the soil environment, but also greatly increases the organic matter content in the soil, which provides a basis for farmers to increase production and income, and take the road of sustainable development.

Description

High-quality and high-yield growing methods for organic bananas

technical field

The invention relates to a cultivation method of economic crops, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of organic bananas.

Background technique

Banana (Latin name: MusananaLour. ), also known as golden banana, bow banana, Musa (Musaceae) Musa plant, also refers to its fruit, widely cultivated and eaten in tropical areas, the fruit is long and ribbed, the peel is yellow, and the flesh is white. It tastes sweet. Bananas are high in nutrition, low in calories, contain phosphorus called "salt of wisdom", rich in protein, sugar, potassium, vitamins A and C, and have a lot of dietary fiber. They are quite good nutritious foods. Banana has the effects of clearing away heat, moisturizing the intestines, detoxifying, nourishing yin and moistening dryness, promoting body fluid and quenching thirst. Bananas are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions within 30° north and south latitudes of the east, west, and southern hemispheres. Bananas do not have strict requirements on soil conditions. Regardless of plains or mountains, various types of soil can grow.

China is one of the countries with the longest history of cultivating bananas in the world, with a cultivation history of more than 2,000 years. There are more than 300 varieties of bananas in the world, and there are more than 100 in my country. Among them, there are more than 30 cultivated varieties of bananas in South China. At present, Bananas are generally cultivated in South China production areas, and plantains, pink bananas and longya bananas are cultivated in small areas. . The four major commercial varieties of bananas for export in my country are Brazil banana, Williams, Great Williams and Da Nai Yin, which have excellent yield characteristics, strong disease resistance and high yield. Banana is the fourth largest fruit in my country. Banana cultivation has become a pillar industry of agriculture in the subtropical region, and plays an active and important role in the economic development of tropical regions and the construction of new countryside. In the past 10 years, China's bananas have developed steadily, and the banana planting area has grown from 249,200 hm ² in 2004 to 349,600 hm ² in 2013, with an average annual growth rate of 4.03%. my country's banana cultivars and wild germplasm resources are very rich, especially specialty bananas. Featured bananas generally refer to banana germplasm with variety characteristics, local characteristics, flavor characteristics, and ornamental characteristics. They are mainly distributed in my country and Southeast Asian countries. Cultivars and wild germplasm featured in certain varieties. However, due to the large differences in the cultivation ecological environment conditions, the cultivation of characteristic bananas has not attracted enough attention, and the scale development is more difficult. Therefore, it will become a new way for the development of the banana industry to develop characteristic bananas according to local conditions and the characteristic banana planting with regional advantages.

Moreover, because the root system of bananas is shallow and the pseudostems on the ground are not hard enough, every time a typhoon comes, a large area of bananas will be lodged and broken, causing huge losses to banana growers. The current windproof and lodging prevention methods mainly use wooden piles, bamboo, and fiber poles inserted into the soil as windproof piles, and bananas and windproof piles are fixed to resist typhoons. The friction of the rope caused damage to the bananas; secondly, using windproof stakes alone for wind protection is not ideal, and it can only resist storms below a certain level. When the typhoon level reaches a certain level, the bananas will be blown together with the windproof stakes broken.

In addition, with the development of modern agricultural production, the pollution caused by the continuous use of chemical substances such as fertilizers, pesticides and hormones has impacted the ecosystem of fields and forests and caused damage to the agricultural environment, resulting in a decline in product quality and a decline in product sales prices. Earnings are lower. Conventional banana planting methods generally include steps such as soil preparation, fertilization, field management, pruning, and pest control. However, for convenience and speed, farmers mostly use pesticides, chemical fertilizers, and herbicides; when chemical fertilizers are applied and sprayed, there are residual toxins If pesticides or herbicides are added to banana trees, it will cause pesticide residues on bananas. When we eat bananas with pesticide residues, it will cause harm to our bodies. Therefore, it is very important to promote organic banana planting with full ecological technology important.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to provide a high-quality and high-yield planting method of organic bananas, which has the advantages of high seedling survival rate, high yield, strong disease resistance and wind pressure resistance of bananas; and the use of bio-organic fertilizers, plant pesticides, plant Advanced farming, fertilizer and pest control technologies such as fungicides not only effectively improve the soil environment, but also greatly increase the organic matter content in the soil, providing a basis for farmers to increase production, generate income, and take the road of sustainable development.

The high-quality and high-yield planting method of organic bananas of the present invention comprises the steps of site selection, cultivation of tissue culture seedlings, field planting, pruning and shaping, fertilizer and water management, pastoral management and pest control:

(1) Select variety: The banana variety to be planted is "Williams 6". "Williams No. 6" is native to Australia and is a medium-stem banana. The height of the pseudostem is 2.4-3.0 meters, the circumference of the base stem is 70-90 cm, the yield per plant is 25-60 kg, an average of 3-5 banana fruits per 500 g, the ear length is 90-130 cm, the fruit combs are arranged neatly, and the fruit shape is beautiful , the length of the fruit finger is 24-30 cm, the color of the fruit is light yellow after ripening, the sweetness is moderate, the fragrance is strong, the quality is good, the fruit shape is good, the commodity is good, it is resistant to storage and transportation, the whole growth period is 12 months, it is relatively cold and resistant Lodging, suitable for all banana growing areas.

(2) Site selection: choose a place with convenient water supply, sufficient sunlight, sandy or semi-sandy soil, good soil permeability, and a weakly acidic soil pH of 6 to 6.8. Use quicklime to disinfect the soil; and check the local weather in previous years Conditions, choose areas where there are no strong typhoons, tornadoes and temperatures below 7°C for 5 consecutive days within 5-10 years;

(3) Cultivation of tissue culture seedlings: select seedlings with good yield, comb type, resistance and other comprehensive factors without quarantine pests and diseases for propagation, first cut off part of the pseudostems and bulbs of the seedlings with a knife, sterilize the surface and cut into pieces , and then artificially inoculated on the pre-prepared proliferation medium; the explants obtained after multiple subcultures were transferred to the rooting medium, and the base of the explants was induced to grow roots to obtain banana tissue culture seedlings; tissue culture Before the seedlings are planted, carry out the cultivation of banana tissue culture seedlings during the pseudo-planting period and the greenhouse seedling cultivation. Wash the bag seedlings with clean water and some old and dead black roots, soak them in common fungicides, and then plant them in a mixture of river sand and coconut bran. After 4-7 days, the plastic film can be removed after new roots grow again to obtain sand bed seedlings; then the sand bed seedlings are graded according to size and planted in nutrition bags for greenhouse seedling cultivation, watering Enough root water, covered with plastic film, the greenhouse seedling period is 50-80 days; during the greenhouse seedling cultivation period, the seedlings are hardened by measures such as water control, fertilizer control, moving, and opening the shading net. Field cultivation;

(4) Planting: September to October is the best period of planting, planted on ridges on flat ground and planted on ditch on slanted ground; run along the wind, adopt double-row single plants, staggered planting in the shape of "pin", plant spacing 2m×2m, 130 ～140 plants/acres are dug holes for colonization, and the length, width and depth of each hole are 50cm×50cm×40cm; shallow planting is used for planting, the bagged seedlings are put into the holes, covered with soil, and a small amount of holes are opened on the nutrition bag with a knife, and then Open the two ends of the nutrition bag, take out the nutrition bag on cloudy days after 2 to 3 days, and then cover with a layer of soil to 1cm above the stem of the seedlings. After planting, water enough root-fixing water in time, and cover the banana tree with a transparent film;

(5) Pruning and shaping: Remove all the early buds of the bananas. When the bananas grow to a height of about 1m, they will grow suckers. Each plant can extract 4 to 6 suckers. The buds should be removed in time; at the same time, select the sucking buds in the same direction, and choose the sucking buds with deeper growth, consistent growth, and strong growth. Cut off the aboveground part of the buds, and then cut them off after they grow; and remove the diseased leaves, yellow leaves, old leaves, and insect leaves of the plants in time; bananas should be removed in time when they grow to a height of 2.5m at the end of May of the second year after planting. Bud pulling, banana buds should naturally droop between the petioles, and the banana buds should be pulled out completely. After the female flowers are fully opened, the buds can be broken; when the buds are broken, the fruit should be thinned, and only 6 to 8 combs should be left for each bud, and the excess should be peeled off. For small fruit, bananas should be bagged 10 days after budding;

(6) Fertilizer and water management: Before planting, apply 5-8kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant at the bottom of the dug hole as base fertilizer, and apply strong seedling fertilizer 10 days after planting. The strong seedling fertilizer is bio-organic liquid fertilizer, and fertilize every 10-15 days Once; one month after planting, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and fertilize by drip irrigation; start topdressing after flower bud differentiation, and topdressing is mainly compound fertilizer, and topdressing with an appropriate amount of foliage fertilizer; within 20 to 30 days before fruit harvest Fertilization should be stopped, and strong fruit fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times after budding, mainly with high potassium and high calcium water-soluble organic liquid fertilizer.

(7) Pastoral management: During the whole growth period, it is required that the soil in the banana orchard should be dry and wet, irrigate at the right time in the dry season, and drain in time in the rainy season or when the banana orchard is flooded; Seedlings: Before the banana roots, perform intertillage and loosen the soil. The depth of loosening the soil on the border surface is 15-20cm, combined with fertilization to loosen the soil, increase the water permeability and air permeability of the soil, improve soil fertility, promote root growth, and prolong the life of the banana orchard. ;

(8) The control of diseases and insect pests refers to the control of bunchy top disease, mosaic heart rot, leaf spot, scab, weevil, leaf roller, aphid, flower thrips, spodoptera litura, red spider; use plants Insecticides control banana pests; use phytofungicides to control banana diseases.

The ingredients and parts by weight of the bio-organic liquid fertilizer mentioned above are: 30-40 parts of crop tangerine stalk extract, 20-30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue waste liquid, 20-30 parts of sisal waste residue, 5-10 parts of amino acid, humic 5-10 parts of acid, 1.5-1.0 parts of medium elements, 0.5-1.0 parts of beneficial bacteria, 0-1.0 parts of somatoregulin.

The material components and parts by weight of the plant insecticide described above are: 20 to 30 parts of allicin, 10 to 15 parts of azadirachtin, 10 to 15 parts of nicotine, 10 to 15 parts of rotenone and 5 to 5 parts of tea bran powder. 10 parts, when used, mix the materials in the above parts by weight, and add water to dilute 100 to 200 times.

The plant fungicides mentioned above are one or more of sisal leaf extract, sycamore leaf extract, eugenol, and cinnamon powder.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The high-quality and high-yield planting method of organic bananas of the present invention has the advantages of high seedling survival rate, high yield, strong disease resistance and wind pressure resistance of bananas; And the pest control technology not only effectively improves the soil environment, but also greatly increases the organic matter content in the soil, providing a basis for farmers to increase production and income, and take the road of sustainable development.

2. The banana variety "Williams No. 6" planted in the present invention has a fruit color that is light yellow after ripening, moderate sweetness, strong fragrance, good quality, good fruit shape and commodity properties, storage and transportation resistance, and a full growth period of 12 months , high yield, 6000-800 catties per mu.

3, the present invention adopts the banana tissue culture seedling to be able to keep the consistency of good character of banana variety and growth period, the purity is high, variation is few, the maturity period of banana and harvest growth period are basically consistent, adaptability is strong, growth speed is fast, reliable in quality, Non-toxic and disease-free, high-yield and high-quality, easy to manage.

Detailed ways

Example 1

(1) Select the variety: the banana variety is "Williams 6".

(2) Site selection: choose a place with convenient water supply, sufficient sunlight, sandy or semi-sandy soil, good soil permeability, and a weakly acidic soil pH of 6 to 6.8. Use quicklime to disinfect the soil; and check the local weather in previous years Conditions, choose areas where there are no strong typhoons, tornadoes and temperatures below 7°C for 5 consecutive days within 5-10 years;

(3) Cultivation of tissue culture seedlings: select seedlings with good yield, comb type, resistance and other comprehensive factors without quarantine pests and diseases for propagation, first cut off part of the pseudostems and bulbs of the seedlings with a knife, sterilize the surface and cut into pieces , and then artificially inoculated on the pre-prepared proliferation medium; the explants obtained after multiple subcultures were transferred to the rooting medium, and the base of the explants was induced to grow roots to obtain banana tissue culture seedlings; tissue culture Before the seedlings are planted, carry out the cultivation of banana tissue culture seedlings during the pseudo-planting period and the greenhouse seedling cultivation. Wash the bag seedlings with clean water and some old and dead black roots, soak them in common fungicides, and then plant them in a mixture of river sand and coconut bran. After 4-7 days, the plastic film can be removed after new roots grow again to obtain sand bed seedlings; then the sand bed seedlings are graded according to size and planted in nutrition bags for greenhouse seedling cultivation, watering Enough root water, covered with plastic film, the greenhouse seedling period is 50-80 days; during the greenhouse seedling cultivation period, the seedlings are hardened by measures such as water control, fertilizer control, moving, and opening the shading net. Field cultivation;

(4) Planting: September to October is the best period of planting, planted on ridges on flat ground and planted on ditch on slanted ground; run along the wind, adopt double-row single plants, staggered planting in the shape of "pin", plant spacing 2m×2m, 130 ～140 plants/acres are dug holes for colonization, and the length, width and depth of each hole are 50cm×50cm×40cm; shallow planting is used for planting, the bagged seedlings are put into the holes, covered with soil, and a small amount of holes are opened on the nutrition bag with a knife, and then Open the two ends of the nutrition bag, take out the nutrition bag on cloudy days after 2 to 3 days, and then cover with a layer of soil to 1cm above the stem of the seedlings. After planting, water enough root-fixing water in time, and cover the banana tree with a transparent film;

(5) Pruning and shaping: Remove all the early buds of the bananas. When the bananas grow to a height of about 1m, they will grow suckers. Each plant can extract 4 to 6 suckers. The buds should be removed in time; at the same time, select the sucking buds in the same direction, and choose the sucking buds with deeper growth, consistent growth, and strong growth. Cut off the aboveground part of the buds, and then cut them off after they grow; and remove the diseased leaves, yellow leaves, old leaves, and insect leaves of the plants in time; bananas should be removed in time when they grow to a height of 2.5m at the end of May of the second year after planting. Bud pulling, banana buds should naturally droop between the petioles, and the banana buds should be pulled out completely. After the female flowers are fully opened, the buds can be broken; when the buds are broken, the fruit should be thinned, and only 6 to 8 combs should be left for each bud, and the excess should be peeled off. For small fruit, bananas should be bagged 10 days after budding;

(6) Fertilizer and water management: Before planting, apply 5-8kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each plant at the bottom of the dug hole as base fertilizer, and apply strong seedling fertilizer 10 days after planting. The strong seedling fertilizer is bio-organic liquid fertilizer, and fertilize every 10-15 days Once; one month after planting, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers together, and fertilize by drip irrigation; start topdressing after flower bud differentiation, and topdressing is mainly compound fertilizer, and topdressing with an appropriate amount of foliar fertilizer; within 20 to 30 days before budding Fertilization should be stopped, and a strong fruit fertilizer should be applied after budding;

(7) Pastoral management: During the whole growth period, it is required that the soil in the banana orchard should be dry and wet, irrigate at the right time in the dry season, and drain in time in the rainy season or when the banana orchard is flooded; Seedlings: Before the banana roots, perform intertillage and loosen the soil. The depth of loosening the soil on the border surface is 15-20cm, combined with fertilization to loosen the soil, increase the water permeability and air permeability of the soil, improve soil fertility, promote root growth, and prolong the life of the banana orchard. ;

(8) The control of diseases and insect pests refers to the control of bunchy top disease, mosaic heart rot, leaf spot, scab, weevil, leaf roller, aphid, flower thrips, spodoptera litura, red spider; use plants Insecticides control banana pests; use phytofungicides to control banana diseases.

The output of the banana " No. 6 Williams " kind that table 1 the present invention grows

The high-quality and high-yield planting method of organic bananas of the present invention has a yield of more than 7,000 catties per mu in the first year and more than 7,500 catties per mu in the next year. The quality of the bananas is good, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Table 2 Banana "Williams No. 6" variety of the present invention is to the control effect of disease and pest in different growth stages

Application period Application times Disease rate Pest rate Severity sprouting period 1 1.8% 2.1% slight mid to late growth 3 2.9% 3.2% slight fruiting period 2 4.1% 4.3% slight CK 0 25.4% 30.5% Heavy

Note: The severity of disease occurrence is divided into 5 levels: non-occurrence, slight, light, medium, and severe.

As can be seen from Table 1, the present invention uses plant insecticides and harmless fungicides to prevent and control banana diseases and insect pests, which has a better insecticidal effect and greatly reduces the labor cost of planting bananas.

Claims (5)

1. a good quality and high output implantation methods for organic bananas, is characterized in that: described implantation methods comprises the step of selection of land, the cultivation of plantlet in vitro, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, rural area management and the extermination of disease and insect pest:

Described selection of land is: it is convenient, sunny to select in water supply, and soil is sandy soil or half sandy soil, and soil permeability is good, and P in soil H value is 6 ~ 6.8 faintly acids, adopts quicklime to disinfecting soil; And the meteorological condition in inquiry local former years, select not have in 5-10 strong typhoon, cyclone and temperature can not continuous 5 days lower than the area plantation of 7 DEG C;

The cultivation of described plantlet in vitro is: select good the breeding without quarantine damage by disease and insect kind bud of composite factor such as output, combed, resistance, first to prune with pocket knife part false stem, the bulb of kind of bud, stripping and slicing after surface sterilization, then artificial infection is on the proliferated culture medium prepared in advance; Forward on root media by the explant obtained after squamous subculture repeatedly, induction explant base portion sends out roots, and obtains tissue culture seedlings of bananas; Before plantlet in vitro field planting, advanced row tissue culture seedlings of bananas heels in cultivation and the raise seedling in greenhouse of phase, bag seedling clear water is cleaned medium and partly always dead black root, and with normal sterile agent soak after heel in river sand and coconut palm chaff mixing matrix on, and cover with plastic sheeting for farm use, again grow removable plastic sheeting for farm use after new root until it after 4-7 days, obtain husky bed seedling; Again husky bed seedling size classification kind is entered in nutritious bag to carry out raise seedling in greenhouse, water sufficient normal root water, plastic sheeting for farm use covers, and the raise seedling in greenhouse phase is 50-80 days; Fertile by control water, control during raise seedling in greenhouse, move and open the measures such as shading screen and carry out hardening, garden can be gone out when seedling reaches garden standard and enter field production;

Described field planting is: annual field planting in 9 ~ October is best, and level land kind is planted on ditch on ridge, tiltedly; Start, adopt duplicate rows individual plant, triangle disposition mode staggers and plants, spacing in the rows 2m × 2m, and 130 ~ 140 plants/acre of specifications dig cave field planting, and every cave length and width are 50cm × 50cm × 40cm deeply with the wind; Field planting adopts shallow planting, bag seedling is put into cave, earthing, opens some holes with pocket knife on a small quantity on nutritious bag, then opens two of nutritious bag, nutritious bag is extracted out during the cloudy day after 2 ~ 3 days, cover one deck soil again to 1cm on seedling stem, water sufficient normal root water after field planting in time, and cover transparent membrane on Banana tree;

Described trimming and finishing is: banana in earlier stage sprouts and all removes, and grows suction bud until Banana Growth to during 1m height left and right, and every strain can be extracted 4 ~ 6 out and be inhaled buds, and except selecting and remain as except the suction bud of seedling, unnecessary suction bud should remove in time; The same time selects and remain unidirectional suction bud, and growth selection is comparatively dark, growing way is consistent, grow the young head of healthy and strong bamboo shoot, the suction bud seedling of the young tail of pen; Except during bud with any of several broadleaf plants cutter near ground, will inhale bud acrial part excision, cut away again after growing; And the sick leaf of plant, Huang Ye, Lao Ye, worm leaf will be removed in time; Banana after field planting Second Year by the end of May, will take out flower bud when banana grows to 2.5m height, banana is taken out flower bud and should be naturally drooped between petiole in good time, and any of several broadleaf plants is extracted out by flower bud completely, treat that female flower is open complete, can cutting off male flower cluster be carried out; In conjunction with fruit thinning during cutting off male flower cluster, every flower bud fruit only stays 6 ~ 8 to comb, and divests unnecessary fruitlet, carries out bagging after flower bud taken out by banana after 10 days;

Described rich water quality management is: before field planting, bottom the cave dug, every strain spreads fertilizer over the fields 5 ~ 8kg biological organic fertilizer as base manure, and field planting executed seedling fertilizer after 10 days, and seedling fertilizer is biological organic liquid fertilizer, and fertilising in every 10 ~ 15 days once; Field planting is after one month, and compounding application nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, adopt drip irrigation fertilising; Start after flower bud differentiation to topdress, topdress based on composite fertilizer, and cooperation imposes appropriate foliage fertilizer; Before taking out flower bud, 20 ~ 30 days planted agents stop fertilising, execute a fruit-promoting fertilizer after taking out flower bud;

Described rural area management is: require that Banana soil is dry wet suitable the time of infertility, dry season pours water in good time, timely draining when rainy season or any of several broadleaf plants garden furrow area water; Look into seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings, dead seedling and weak seedling will be filled in time, to save seedling from damage; Before banana root of hair, carry out intertillage loosen the soil, furrow face pine soil depth is 15 ~ 20cm, and combines fertilising, makes loosing soil, increases the permeable and air capacity of soils of soil, increases soil fertility, and promotes root growth, extends any of several broadleaf plants garden life-span;

The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to bunchy top, floral leaf heart rot, leaf spot, scab, weevil, tortrix moth, aphid, flower thrips, prodenia litura, two spotted spider mite; Use the insect pest of Pests with Botanical Pesticides banana; Use bactericide control banana disease.

2. the good quality and high output implantation methods of organic bananas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the banana variety of planting is " No. 6, Williams ".

3. the good quality and high output implantation methods of organic bananas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biological organic liquid fertilizer composition and parts by weight are: crop tangerine stalk extract 30 ~ 40 parts, Chinese medicine slag waste liquid 20 ~ 30 parts, 20 ~ 30 parts, sisal hemp waste residue, 5 ~ 10 parts, amino acid, humus 5 ~ 10 parts, moderate-element 1.5 ~ 1.0 parts, beneficial bacterium 0.5 ~ 1.0 part, somatomedin 0 ~ 1.0 part.

4. the good quality and high output implantation methods of organic bananas according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material composition of described vegetable insecticide and parts by weight are: allicin 20 ~ 30 parts, nimbin 10 ~ 15 parts, 10 ~ 15 parts, nicotine, rotenone 10 ~ 15 parts and 5 ~ 10 parts, tea bran powder, during use, the material of above-mentioned parts by weight is mixed, thin up 100 ~ 200 times.

5. the good quality and high output implantation methods of organic bananas according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described bactericide is one or more in sisal leaves extract, phoenix tree leaf extract, eugenol, ground cinnamon.