CN112655482A - High-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruits and pineapples in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting pineapples in greenhouse pitaya, which comprises the following operation steps: 1) soil preparation; 2) determining the planting specification; 3) treating seedlings; 4) a planting method; 5) a construction method; 6) according to the technical scheme, by setting the row spacing and the column spacing between the pineapples and the dragon fruits and matching measures such as reasonable interplanting cultivation technology and the like, land resources are utilized to the maximum extent, weed growth is inhibited, water and soil loss is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the ecological environment is improved, the soil fertility is improved, management and protection are facilitated, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

Description

High-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruits and pineapples in greenhouse

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop interplanting, in particular to a high-efficiency and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruits and pineapples in a greenhouse.

Background

The intercropping and interplanting method is a planting mode which selects crops with correspondingly complementary morphological characteristics and growth characteristics, fully utilizes natural resources such as water, soil, light and heat and the like, and improves the light energy, moisture and land utilization rate.

The plants of the genus Ananadis, also known as King pear and yellow pear, are perennial monocotyledonous evergreen herbaceous plants native to the tropical rain forest region of Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay in south America. The introduction of the seeds in China is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan and other provinces at present.

The pineapple is rich in nutrition, and comprises sugar, protein, fat, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, protein decomposition enzyme, calcium, phosphorus, iron, organic acids, nicotinic acid and the like, wherein the content of the vitamin C is the highest. Pineapple is sweet, slightly sour and slightly cold in nature, has the effects of clearing away summer-heat, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst and promoting urination, and can be used for treating sunstroke, fever, polydipsia, abdominal fullness, dyspepsia, dysuresia, dizziness and dim eyesight and the like. Pineapple is sour, sweet and delicious, and is deeply popular with the public.

The dragon fruit is also called red dragon fruit, dragon pearl fruit, Xianmei fruit and Yulong fruit. Cactaceae, genus Petasites. The fruit is oval, 10-12 cm in diameter, red or yellow in appearance, has a green rounded triangle-shaped frond, white, red or yellow flesh, and has black seeds.

The dragon fruit is tropical and subtropical fruit, and is light-loving, yin-tolerant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, fertilizer-loving and barren-resistant. The growth is rapid under warm and humid environment with sufficient light. Its stem can be stuck on rock, and can be grown, and its plant can resist strong wind force, and its support can resist typhoon.

The pitaya is sweet and mild in nature, and the main nutritional ingredients of the pitaya include protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin C, iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like. It is rich in pulp fiber, carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B12, C, etc., and kernel (seed of black sesame) contains rich mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc., various enzymes, albumin, cellulose and high-concentration natural pigment anthocyanin (especially red meat). The sugar content of the pulp of the dragon fruit is mainly glucose, belongs to natural glucose and is easy to absorb. The dragon fruit is sweet in taste and juicy, and is popular with the public.

The dragon fruit planting space is big, and space utilization is low, causes the waste of land resource to a certain extent, in order to effectively utilize land resource comprehensively, rationally adjusts planting structure, realizes peasant's income increase, improves orchard soil physicochemical structure, has the same environmental suitability in view of dragon fruit, pineapple, can carry out intercropping interplanting, improves land utilization and economic benefits, realizes peasant's income increase, improves soil sample physicochemical structure, promotes ecological and economic benefits ' maximize.

Based on the method, a greenhouse efficient and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruits and pineapples is researched and developed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, by setting the row spacing and the column spacing between the pineapples and the dragon fruits and matching with measures such as reasonable interplanting cultivation technology and the like, the land resources are utilized to the maximum extent, the growth of weeds is inhibited, the water and soil loss is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the ecological environment is improved, the soil fertility is improved, the management and the protection are convenient, the production cost is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the like.

The technical scheme also provides a high-efficiency and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting pineapples in greenhouse pitaya, which comprises the following operation steps:

1) land preparation:

carrying out ridging operation on the land in the greenhouse, wherein the ridge height is 20-25cm, the ridge width is 100-105cm, and the distance between the ridge and the center of the ridge is 180 cm;

2) planting specification:

the dragon fruit is cultivated in a stand column single-row rack mode, the stand column is built in the middle of a ridge, the plant is set to be 2.3m, and the plant spacing is 41-47 cm;

the dragon fruits are planted on the upright columns of the ridges, and the upright columns are established according to the plant spacing of 1.9-2.5m and the row spacing of 2.3-2.7 m;

the pineapple is planted on ridges at two sides of the dragon fruit, the row spacing of double-row plants is 20 multiplied by 50cm, and the width of the furrows and the furrows is 1.5 m; the row spacing of three rows of plants is 25 multiplied by 45cm, and the width of the furrow and the furrow ditch is 2 m;

3) treatment of seedlings

Selecting branches with the height of 30-40 cm from the dragon fruits for cultivation, selecting grafted or cut branches to cultivate a seedling bed, sterilizing the branches in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes, airing and planting;

selecting pineapple seedlings with the height of a suckling bud of 30cm and the height of a top bud and a support bud of 25cm, separating the selected seedlings according to the types of the buds, grading the buds of the same type according to the sizes, removing 3-4 layers of leaves at the base part after grading, removing descendant tumors from the descendant buds, and planting after 3-5 days of sunning;

4) the planting method comprises the following steps:

the dragon fruit adopts a column type cultivation method, the upright column is arranged in the center of the ridge, 4-5 dragon fruit seedlings are planted around the upright column, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the upright column, and 560-600 dragon fruits can be planted per mu;

and (3) planting pineapples, digging small holes at a planting position, putting the bud seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the bud seedlings, applying base fertilizer to a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling.

Furthermore, the column spacing and the row spacing of the dragon fruits are 2.0m and 2.3m respectively; the pineapple is planted on the same ridge on both sides of the dragon fruit, the plant spacing of the pineapple on the ridge is 35-50cm, and the row spacing is 40-50 cm.

The planting soil can be selected from acidic soil, and is suitable for interplanting pineapple and dragon fruit, wherein the planting mode comprises double-row planting and three-row planting, and ridge-raising planting. The planting depth of the terminal bud and the support bud is 2-3cm, the suckling bud is 3-5cm, the growing point of the seedling is exposed on the ground, and the seedling is never too deep. When the strong seedlings are planted, the strong seedlings are generally thick in stems, wide and thick in leaves, multiple and dense in leaves, green in color, glossy, free of diseases and insects or other wounds, and the height of the bud sucking is required to be 30cm, and the height of the terminal bud and the height of the bud supporting are required to be 25 cm. The selected seedlings are separated according to different bud types, and buds of the same type are classified according to sizes, middle sizes and small sizes so as to facilitate planting management and make the results uniform. After grading, 3-4 layers of foot leaves at the base part are stripped, and the descendant buds are also removed to promote the germination of new roots. And properly sunning the seeds for 3-5 days and then planting the seeds.

The planting density is 20 multiplied by 50cm for double-row planting row spacing, and the width of the furrow and the furrow ditch is 1.5 m; the row spacing of three rows of plants is 25 multiplied by 45cm, and the width of the furrow and the furrow ditch is 2 m. 500-4000 plants can be planted in each mu of single variety, and about 2000 plants can be planted in each mu of single variety and the interplanting of the plants and the dragon fruits

Further, preparing soil in the step 1), and ridging the field, wherein the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 100cm, and the ridge-ridge distance is 180 cm.

Further, the method also comprises the following operation steps,

5) construction method

The base fertilizer is characterized in that soil and a planting field are ploughed before the fertilizer is planted, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruits and the pineapples, and 3000kg-3500kg of organic fertilizer is used per mu;

topdressing, namely applying diluted human excrement added with 0.4 percent of urea and 0.1 percent of potassium chloride into each plant according to 1 to 1.5kg after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted for 20 to 30 days; the method comprises the following steps of (1) applying a tip tapping fertilizer and a flower tapping fertilizer to dragon fruits, and applying 11 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer to each column to strengthen flowers and strong seedlings; after field planting, the pineapples survive for 3-9 months, fertilization is carried out once every 2-3 months for three times, and topdressing is carried out by 2kg of urea and 3kg of compound fertilizer per mu; 1 month before the flower is promoted, 0.4 percent of urea is applied to the foliar fertilizer, and 0.1 percent of potassium nitrate is sprayed on the foliar fertilizer once 10 days before the flower is promoted; and applying organic fertilizer 1 month after flower forcing.

The growth of the pineapple requires a good ventilation environment, the soil has excessive moisture and poor ventilation, root rot can be caused, and the growth and the result are seriously influenced. Therefore, in the northern planting, the great water flood irrigation is not needed when watering, so as to avoid water accumulation. Although the pineapple is drought-tolerant, more water is needed in the seedling stage and the fruit growth and development stage, so that irrigation needs to be paid attention to during the field planting of the bud seedlings, particularly about one month after the field planting, so as to promote the germination of new roots and accelerate the growth of plants. Before the fruit is ripe, proper ground irrigation or foliage sprinkling irrigation is also carried out to promote fruit expansion and improve quality.

The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, is supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and can be used at 10-15 kg/mu, so as to promote the leaf extraction of pineapple, increase the leaf number and leaf area, and lay a foundation for reproductive growth. When the buds are taken out and the fruits are ripe, the potassium-calcium fertilizer is mainly applied, and the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are supplemented, and 10-15 kg/mu of Jiamei Yinglai can be used. The northern greenhouse cultivation needs to be fertilized according to the greenhouse temperature condition, and is carried out more in the season suitable for growth, otherwise, less fertilization or even no fertilization is carried out. If the temperature of the greenhouse with poor heat insulation performance can not reach the growth temperature in winter, the temperature is increased, and then fertilization is carried out.

Further, the method also comprises the following operation steps:

6) field management:

the leaves need to be trimmed and pinched during the planting period of the dragon fruits, and pinching is carried out when the branches grow to 1.3m, so that branching is promoted, and the branches naturally droop; cutting off the branches after fruit picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again;

after 16 months of field planting, the number of leaves is more than 35, and flower forcing can be realized; when in flower forcing, ethephon is used for 250-500ppm, each plant is used for 30-50ml for core filling treatment, and buds can be extracted after 25-30 days.

In the management of the flowers and fruits of the pineapples, flower forcing is carried out: the natural bud extraction rate of the pineapple is not high. Therefore, plant growth regulators are commonly used in production to promote flowering. Common regulators of flower forcing are: ethephon, naphthylacetic acid, sodium naphthylacetate, calcium carbide, etc. The artificial flower forcing can regulate the growth time of the fruits, and has the advantages of stable effect, safety, reliability and convenient use. The forcing to flower by pineapple generally can be realized by using a growth regulator regardless of the size of the plant and the growth vigor. However, in order to obtain normal-sized fruits, the nutrition status of the plants must be considered, and only plants with a high level of nutrient accumulation are the best targets for treatment. After the plants are fully grown for more than one year, the plant age is preferably more than 16 months, and more than 35 plants which are fully divided into long leaves can produce fruits with normal size after flower forcing. Adopts 500ppm of Yishuli 250-cake and 30-50ml of each plant for core filling treatment, the bud can be extracted after 25-30 days, the bud extraction rate can reach 90%, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for one month before the treatment.

(2) Promoting fruit enlargement: the fruit spraying with the plant growth regulator during the flowering period or the fruit development period can promote the fruit development, increase the fruit size and promote the fruit to be mature uniformly, and is a yield increasing measure. The commonly used plant growth regulators include gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, sodium naphthylacetate and the like.

The gibberellin is applied as follows: the concentration of fruit spraying is 50-70 mg/kg. Namely, after 1g of gibberellin is dissolved by 5ml of alcohol, 20 to 14.5kg of water is added with 0.1kg of urea, mixed, shaken evenly and sprayed until the fruit is wet. The first use concentration is 50mg/kg, and the first use is carried out when the inflorescence florets flower for half; the second time was carried out when all the inflorescence florets withered, and the concentration used was 70 mg/kg.

Naphthylacetic acid and sodium naphthylacetate are used: generally, in the terminal stage of flowering of inflorescence florets, spraying fruits for the first time, wherein the concentration is 10mg/kg, namely, 100kg of naphthylacetic acid of 1g is added with water; spraying 20mg/kg of naphthylacetic acid with water 50kg every 15-20 days to increase yield by adding 0.5% urea for spraying fruit. When the concentration of the naphthylacetic acid is over 50mg/kg (namely 1g of naphthylacetic acid is added with less than 20kg of water) during use, the naphthylacetic acid has obvious inhibition effect on suckers, and the liquid medicine cannot be sprayed or flowed to leaf axils and stems, and further cannot be sprayed to medium and small buds so as to avoid causing early bud drawing. The usage time and the concentration of the sodium naphthylacetate are the same as those of the naphthylacetic acid.

(3) Protecting fruits, separating seedlings and keeping the seedlings: the pineapple matured at high temperature in summer is easily burnt by direct sunlight, the light development is inhibited, and the quality is reduced; the heavy one has soft and rotten pulp and cannot be eaten. Therefore, the fruit is covered with a covering to protect the fruit. When the temperature is lower in winter in the mature period of the pineapple, the pineapple needs to be heated and insulated in time, and the temperature in a high-temperature room is raised to avoid cold damage to the fruits.

As the pineapple has the characteristic of being capable of continuously harvesting for years after being planted once, the seedling retaining work after harvesting every time is particularly important. The principle of seedling retention is as follows: old and weak people are removed, and the old and weak people are kept strong. One bud is reserved for each old plant, and about 5000 plants are reserved for each mu. When the seedlings are separated, the thick and strong big suckers at the lower part close to the ground are needed to be kept as the fruiting plants in the next year. High position bud retention, poor ridging, easy plant turnover after fruiting, influence on fruit development, cause yield reduction and easy presenility. If the lower position of the parent plant has no big suckers but only small suckers, the lower small suckers are reserved first, then the big suckers with the relatively lower positions at the upper positions are selected as fruiting plants in the next year, and the rest suckers are all separated. If double-plant seedling keeping is adopted, the direction of the suckling buds is required to be paid attention to during seedling division, symmetrical positions are selected and kept as far as possible, and the suckling buds are not concentrated on one side so as not to influence the growth of the suckling buds due to over-dense. In an orchard taking harvesting for 2-3 times as a production period, after harvesting 2 or when old and weak plants appear, in order to rejuvenate seedlings and ensure high and stable yield, old stems are removed by combining garden cleaning work according to the strength of the plants during seedling division. Then loosening soil, applying fertilizer, especially applying organic fertilizer, and replanting with big bud.

Further, in the step 6) of field management, fruits appear along with the enlargement of the fruits after the pineapples bear fruits.

In the aspect of prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests:

in the production area, the diseases with serious harm to the pineapple include blight, heart rot, black rot, leaf spot and the like. Common diseases introduced into northern greenhouse cultivation include heart rot, black rot, leaf spot and the like, and insect pests are less.

(1) Pineapple heart rot: the seedlings planted are easy to be infected by the disease. The pathogen is Phytophthora fungi, and can be transmitted by soil. At the early stage of the disease, the color of the leaves is dull and lackluster, and is generally not easy to be perceived. With the development of the disease, the leaves gradually turn yellow-green or red-yellow, the leaf tips become brown and dry, the base parts of the leaves appear light brown water stain spots and gradually expand upwards, a wave-shaped dark brown boundary line is formed at the junction of the diseased part and the healthy part in the later period, the rotten tissues are softened into cheese, heart leaves are easy to pick up, and finally the whole plants die. When the weather is wet, the damaged tissue is covered with a white mildew layer, and the smelling of the rotten odor is frequently smelled.

The control method comprises the following steps: firstly, healthy seedlings are selected and disinfected before planting. Before planting, stripping off a plurality of leaves from the seedling base, soaking the seedling base for 10 minutes by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, inverting, airing and planting. Secondly, field management is strengthened. The water accumulation is avoided in the field, the plants are pulled out as soon as possible when the plants are found, and the damage to the leaves at the base part is avoided during intertillage without applying nitrogen fertilizer. Thirdly, the prevention and treatment by using the medicament. At the initial stage of the disease, 1000-fold 1500-fold spray of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 50% phenytoin wettable powder can be used. Or spraying with 200 times of 40% methomyl colloidal suspension, 800 times of 75% chlorothalonil and 250 times of 40% fosetyl-aluminum wettable powder, wherein the spraying amount is increased properly to ensure that the stem and leaf of the base have the liquid medicine.

(2) Black rot of pineapple: black rot belongs to a fungal disease, mostly occurs in mature fruits and also harms seedlings, and is called pineapple soft rot. The wound invades into the host, small and round water stain soft spots appear on the fruit surface in the early stage of disease attack, the pulp is still yellow and transparent, after 2 to 3 days, the disease spots gradually expand to the whole fruit, the black large spots are formed, the tissues are changed from white to yellow to grey brown, and the fruits are rotten and have fermentation odor. The germs can invade the seedlings to cause the heart rot.

The control method comprises the following steps: firstly, the plant injury is avoided in the field operation of paying attention to, reduces germ invasion chance. And secondly, selecting strong seedlings, treating wounds before planting, selecting and airing, and planting.

(3) Leaf spot of pineapple: the disease is of many types, and the affected leaves are shown as spots, plaques and even withered plants. After the disease occurs, the photosynthesis area is reduced, the photosynthesis efficiency is reduced, the plant growth is weakened, and the yield is influenced. Pathogenic bacteria are fungi, and are usually two types, namely ring-spot septoria and anthracnose.

Ring spot split-discodermia leaf spot symptoms: the middle and lower leaves of pineapple are mainly damaged, and the pineapple can be damaged in the seedling stage and the large seedling stage. The disease spots can be seen on the leaf surface and the leaf back, the initial stage is faint yellow, the size of the mung bean is small, the spots are enlarged under proper conditions, the center is browned and sunken, the later stage disease spots are round or oblong, are often connected, the edge is dark brown, yellow faint spots exist, the center is gray, the size is 0.9-9cm multiplied by 0.3-1cm, and black stippled small spots, namely conidiophore discs of pathogenic fungi, grow upwards.

Symptoms of anthrax: the disease mostly occurs in the middle and lower leaves. The disease spots are the green-fading spots of mung bean, which are enlarged into oval, light brown, concave and dark brown raised spots with the size of 1.3-4.5cm multiplied by 0.5-1cm and can be connected, and black spots breaking through the epidermis, namely conidiophore disks and setae of pathogenic bacteria, are occasionally grown in the center.

The control method comprises the following steps: the organic nutrient fertilizer Jiamei Hongliu is applied reasonably, irrigated and additionally applied, but nitrogen fertilizer is not excessively applied, so that plants grow robustly and the stress resistance is enhanced. Secondly, prevention and treatment by using medicaments. In the early stage of disease, 0.5% -1% of Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed for protection, and when the disease condition is serious, the disinfectant of thiophanate methyl, bendiocarb or chlorothalonil can be sprayed.

In the technical scheme, the pineapple is a herbaceous perennial evergreen fruit tree, dwarf, 0.5-1.0m high and has no main root. The stem is surrounded by leaves, inflorescence is extracted from the terminal bud of the stem during flower extraction, most polymerized florets are grown on the flower stem, and the multiple fruits are formed by the center axis of the flesh. Crown buds are grown on the fruit tops, descendant buds are grown on fruit stalks, and suckers are extracted from stems to continue fruit bearing instead of the mother plants. Can be continuously harvested for years without planting every year.

The pineapple root is a plant which is germinated from a root point, penetrates through a cortex of a stem, extends into the soil, has no main root, is distributed around the root, is slender and numerous, and has 600 and 700 roots. Because of the difference of propagation material, the root group generated by the crown bud in the first year after planting is shallow and widely distributed, and the root group generated by the shoot and the descendant bud is deep and narrow in distribution, and the difference is not large. The pineapple root systems are generally distributed in a 10-24cm soil layer, the soil layer is shallow, the distribution of the orchard root systems which are easy to harden is also shallow, the growth of the roots is hindered when the root groups are exposed, and the plants are easy to age; on the contrary, in a loose orchard with deep soil layer, the roots and leaves of the plants are deep, the yield is high and the service life is long. Tests report that the minimum growth temperature of the pineapple root is 5-7 ℃, the growth starts at 15-16 ℃, the root system grows rapidly, the growth is fastest at 29-31 ℃, and the root system stops growing completely when the temperature is higher than 43 ℃ and lower than 5 ℃.

The pineapple stem can be divided into an overground stem and a subterranean stem. The above-ground stem refers to a portion grown on the ground, and the underground stem refers to a portion buried in the earth. Overground stems with long leaves, flowers and fruits are rotationally masked by a plurality of leaves, and the stems have a plurality of dormant buds for reproduction; the subterranean stems grow roots, each having its own function. Pineapple has many leaves, and is long and big. The mature leaf has a length of 40-100cm and a width of 5-7 cm. The leaves are embedded and arranged on the stem, can lead rainwater to the root, and simultaneously, the drought-enduring structures are suitable for water retention due to the thick water storage tissue in the leaves, the fleshy quality of the leaves and the white powder covering of the epidermis. The leaf is leathery and sword-shaped, the leaf surface is dark green or light green, and the leaf has purple color bands. The leaf margin has or does not have a thorn; the middle of the leaf surface is groove-shaped. Generally, plants with many leaves, long and large plants bear large fruits. According to planting experience, the flower buds of the pineapples begin to differentiate after 40 leaves grow, the number of leaves of the pineapples with the fruit weight of more than 1.5kg must be more than 45, and the number of leaves of the pineapples with the fruit weight of more than 1kg must also be more than 40.

The pineapple flower is head-shaped flower spike and is formed by polymerizing 60-200 small flowers around the fleshy center axis. When in flowering, the small flowers at the base part bloom first and gradually go upwards, and the whole inflorescence needs 25-30 days to bloom. The flowers were most abundant every day at 7 am, and each flower started from bud cracking to withering about 24 hours. The pineapple fruit is a compound fruit, and the period from flowering to maturity is about 120-180 days. After the flowers are withered, the buds, sepals, ovaries, flower columns and total flower stalks are all expanded to form fleshy compound fruits. The whole fruit includes corolla, small fruit, bract, total bract and carpopodium. The size, shape, eye depth and pulp color of the fruit are different according to different varieties, the fruit has a cylindrical shape, a conical shape, a cylindrical shape and the like, and the pulp also has dark yellow, light yellow white and the like.

The plant is short and grows rapidly. Can grow, blossom and bear fruits all the year round as long as the temperature and the humidity are suitable. The greenhouse planting in the north generally requires about one and a half year from planting to flowering and bearing fruit. The pineapple flower type is extremely beautiful and has great ornamental value. The pineapple has high nutritive value, and each 100g of pulp contains 0.6g of protein, 0.1g of fat, 12g of carbohydrate, 0.3g of fiber, 63mg of vitamin C, and mineral substances and vitamin substances such as Ca, P, K, Fe and the like. Protease contained in the pineapple juice can help digestion of protein and increase appetite; it can be used for treating dysphagia, epistaxis, dyspepsia, diuresis, channels dredging, and parasite expelling, and has health promoting effect on nerve, intestine and stomach.

According to the technical scheme, the dragon fruit is a cactaceae perennial sprawl plant, the pineapple is a herbaceous perennial evergreen fruit tree, is dwarf, is generally about 0.5-1.0m high, has no main root characteristic, is interplanted in a greenhouse to realize complementary influence once higher and once lower, and belongs to plants growing in tropical and subtropical zones in China.

Therefore, the two plants are interplanted, the utilization of the greenhouse in time and space is reasonably planned, the efficiency of the greenhouse is fully exerted, the utilization rate of the greenhouse is improved, the investment cost for building another greenhouse is saved, the planting management is convenient, and meanwhile, the higher yield and output value are improved on the smaller land area.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

1) the pineapple and dragon fruit interplanting mode is the interplanting of crops with different leaf types, can reduce light leakage and improve photosynthetic efficiency, and the interplanting of the pineapples and the dragon fruits with different root systems can utilize nutrients in different levels in soil, and the dragon fruits mainly absorb the nutrients in the middle layer of the soil; the pineapple mainly absorbs nutrients on the surface layer of the soil, and the utilization rate of the nutrients in the soil is effectively improved.

2) According to the method, through a mode of interplanting pineapples and pitaya, the gap land in the same field is fully utilized, the workload of intertillage weeding is reduced, and greater economic benefits are generated on limited land resources.

3) According to the mode for interplanting the pineapples and the dragon fruits, the fertilizing time of the pineapples and the dragon fruits is basically consistent, the pineapples and the dragon fruits can be fertilized simultaneously, and the labor cost is reduced. The time for the pineapple to blossom and bear fruits is basically consistent with the period for the dragon fruit to blossom and bear fruits, so that the additional fertilizer can be simultaneously applied at the same time, the pineapple can be laid down along with the fruits after fruit bearing, and the iron wires are pulled on the two upright posts of the dragon fruit, so that the effect of upright protection is achieved, the cost is reduced compared with the traditional upright post fruit protection, and the time is saved to achieve the effect of half effort.

4) The invention uses the biological organic fertilizer, has no public hazard and pollution, and virtually reduces the production cost.

5) Compared with the mode of planting the pineapple and the dragon fruit separately, the mode of interplanting the pineapple and the dragon fruit can increase the land coverage rate, prevent soil hardening, reduce water and soil loss, simultaneously play a role in enhancing the soil fertilizer efficiency, reduce the use amount of the fertilizer, reduce 10-15% of the base fertilizer, facilitate the chemical solution and avoid the market risk caused by the operation of a single crop through the compound operation of the two crops, and play a role in complementing benefits.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

Example 1:

the high-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting the dragon fruits and the pineapples in the greenhouse comprises the following operation steps of:

1) land preparation:

carrying out ridging operation on the land in the greenhouse, wherein the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 100cm, and the distance between the ridges is 180 cm;

2) planting specification:

the dragon fruit is cultivated in a stand column single-row rack mode, the stand column is built in the middle of a ridge, the number of plants is 2.3m, and the plant spacing is 41 cm;

the dragon fruits are planted on the upright columns of the ridges, and the upright columns are established according to the plant spacing of 1.9m and the row spacing of 2.3 m;

the pineapple is planted on ridges at two sides of the dragon fruit, the row spacing of double-row plants is 20 multiplied by 50cm, and the width of the furrows and the furrows is 1.5 m;

3) treatment of seedlings

Selecting branches with the height of 30cm from the dragon fruits for cultivation, selecting grafted or cut branches to cultivate a seedling bed, sterilizing the branches in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes, airing and planting;

selecting pineapple seedlings with the height of a suckling bud of 30cm and the height of a top bud and a support bud of 25cm, separating the selected seedlings according to the types of the buds, grading the buds of the same type according to the sizes, removing 3-4 layers of leaves at the base part after grading, removing descendant tumors from the descendant buds, and planting after 3 days of sunning;

4) the planting method comprises the following steps:

the dragon fruit adopts a column type cultivation method, the upright column is arranged in the center of the ridge, 4 dragon fruit seedlings are planted around the upright column, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the upright column, and 560 dragon fruits can be planted per mu;

planting pineapple, digging small holes at a planting position, putting sprout seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the sprout seedlings, applying base fertilizer to a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling;

5) construction method

The base fertilizer is characterized in that soil and a planting field are ploughed before the fertilizer is planted, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruits and the pineapples, and 3000kgkg of organic fertilizer is used per mu;

topdressing, namely applying diluted human excrement added with 0.4 percent of urea and 0.1 percent of potassium chloride into each plant according to 1kg after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted for 20 days; the method comprises the following steps of (1) applying a tip tapping fertilizer and a flower tapping fertilizer to dragon fruits, and applying 11 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer to each column to strengthen flowers and strong seedlings;

irrigating after one month of field planting of the pineapples, applying nitrogen fertilizer 10 kg/mu from field planting to fruiting, and applying potassium-calcium fertilizer 10 kg/mu from bud drawing to fruit ripening;

6) management of field

The leaves need to be trimmed and pinched during the planting period of the dragon fruits, and pinching is carried out when the branches grow to 1.3m, so that branching is promoted, and the branches naturally droop; cutting off the branches after fruit picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again;

the pineapple can promote flowering 16 months after planting when the number of leaves reaches more than 35; when in flower forcing, ethephon of 250ppm is adopted, and 30ml of ethephon is used for core filling treatment of each plant, and buds can be extracted after 25 days.

Example 2:

the high-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting the dragon fruits and the pineapples in the greenhouse comprises the following operation steps of:

1) land preparation:

carrying out ridging operation on the land in the greenhouse, wherein the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge width is 105cm, and the distance between the ridges is 180 cm;

2) planting specification:

the dragon fruit is cultivated in a stand column single-row rack mode, the stand column is built in the middle of a ridge, the number of plants is 2.3m, and the plant spacing is 47 cm;

the dragon fruits are planted on the upright columns of the ridges, and the upright columns are established according to the plant spacing of 2.5m and the row spacing of 2.7 m;

the pineapple is planted on ridges on two sides of the dragon fruit, the row spacing of three rows of plants is 25 multiplied by 45cm, and the width of the furrow and the furrow ditch is 2 m;

3) treatment of seedlings

Selecting branches with the height of 40cm from the dragon fruits for cultivation, selecting grafted or cut branches to cultivate a seedling bed, sterilizing the branches in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes, airing and planting;

selecting pineapple seedlings with the height of a suckling bud of 30cm and the height of a top bud and a support bud of 25cm, separating the selected seedlings according to the types of the buds, grading the buds of the same type according to the sizes, removing 3-4 layers of leaves at the base part after grading, removing descendant tumors from the descendant buds, and planting after sunning for 5 days;

4) the planting method comprises the following steps:

the dragon fruit adopts a column type cultivation method, the upright column is arranged in the center of the ridge, 5 dragon fruit seedlings are planted around the upright column, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the upright column, and 600 dragon fruits can be planted per mu;

planting pineapple, digging small holes at a planting position, putting sprout seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the sprout seedlings, applying base fertilizer to a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling;

5) construction method

The base fertilizer is characterized in that soil and a planting field are ploughed before the fertilizer is planted, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruits and the pineapples, and 3500kg of organic fertilizer is used per mu;

topdressing, namely applying diluted human excrement added with 0.4 percent of urea and 0.1 percent of potassium chloride into each plant according to 1.5kg after the field planting of the dragon fruit nursery stocks is carried out for 30 days; the method comprises the following steps of (1) applying a tip tapping fertilizer and a flower tapping fertilizer to dragon fruits, and applying 11 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer to each column to strengthen flowers and strong seedlings; irrigating after one month of field planting of the pineapples, applying a nitrogen fertilizer at 15 kg/mu from field planting to fruiting, and applying a potassium-calcium fertilizer at 15 kg/mu from bud drawing to fruit ripening;

7) management of field

The leaves need to be trimmed and pinched during the planting period of the dragon fruits, and pinching is carried out when the branches grow to 1.3m, so that branching is promoted, and the branches naturally droop; cutting off the branches after fruit picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again;

after 16 months of field planting, the number of leaves is more than 35, and flower forcing can be realized; when flower forcing is carried out, ethephon of 500ppm is adopted, the core filling treatment is carried out on 50ml of the dose of each plant, buds can be taken out after 30 days, after the pineapples bear fruits, the fruits are laid down along with the expansion of the fruits, and iron wires are pulled on two upright posts of the dragon fruits, so that the effect of strengthening the body is achieved.

Example 3:

the high-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting the dragon fruits and the pineapples in the greenhouse comprises the following operation steps of:

1) land preparation:

carrying out ridging operation on the land in the greenhouse, wherein the ridge height is 23cm, the ridge width is 1035cm, and the distance between the ridges is 180 cm;

2) planting specification:

the dragon fruit is cultivated in a stand column single-row rack mode, the stand column is built in the middle of a ridge, the number of plants is 2.3m, and the plant spacing is 45 cm;

the dragon fruits are planted on the upright columns of the ridges, and the upright columns are established according to the plant spacing of 2.2m and the row spacing of 2.5 m;

the pineapple is planted on ridges at two sides of the dragon fruit, the row spacing of double-row plants is 20 multiplied by 50cm, and the width of the furrows and the furrows is 1.5 m;

3) treatment of seedlings

Selecting branches with the height of 35cm from the dragon fruits for cultivation, selecting grafted or cut branches to cultivate a seedling bed, sterilizing the branches in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30min, airing and planting;

selecting pineapple seedlings with the height of a suckling bud of 30cm and the height of a top bud and a support bud of 25cm, separating the selected seedlings according to the types of the buds, grading the buds of the same type according to the sizes, removing 3-4 layers of leaves at the base part after grading, removing descendant tumors from the descendant buds, and planting after sunning for 4 days;

4) the planting method comprises the following steps:

the dragon fruit adopts a column type cultivation method, the upright column is arranged in the center of the ridge, and 600 dragon fruits are arranged around the upright column;

planting pineapple, digging small holes at a planting position, putting sprout seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the sprout seedlings, applying base fertilizer to a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling;

5) construction method

The base fertilizer is characterized in that soil and a planting field are ploughed before the fertilizer is planted, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruits and the pineapples, and 3500kg of organic fertilizer is used per mu;

topdressing, namely applying diluted human excrement added with 0.4 percent of urea and 0.1 percent of potassium chloride into each plant according to 1.5kg after the field planting of the dragon fruit nursery stocks is carried out for 30 days; the method comprises the following steps of (1) applying a tip tapping fertilizer and a flower tapping fertilizer to dragon fruits, and applying 11 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer to each column to strengthen flowers and strong seedlings; irrigating after one month of field planting of the pineapples, applying a nitrogen fertilizer at 13 kg/mu from field planting to fruiting, and applying a potassium-calcium fertilizer at 13 kg/mu from bud drawing to fruit ripening;

6) management of field

The leaves need to be trimmed and pinched during the planting period of the dragon fruits, and pinching is carried out when the branches grow to 1.3m, so that branching is promoted, and the branches naturally droop; cutting off the branches after fruit picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again;

after 16 months of field planting, the number of leaves is more than 35, and flower forcing can be realized; when flower forcing is carried out, ethephon of 400ppm is adopted, the core filling treatment is carried out on 40ml of the dose of each plant, buds can be taken out after 28 days, after the pineapples bear fruits, the fruits are laid down along with the expansion of the fruits, and iron wires are pulled on two upright posts of the dragon fruits, so that the effect of strengthening the body is achieved.

Comparative example:

the high-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting the dragon fruits and the pineapples in the greenhouse comprises the following operation steps of:

1) building a greenhouse, paving 2 cm-thick river sand at the bottom of a cutting seedbed, paving 2 cm-thick culture soil at the top of the cutting seedbed, uniformly stirring, disinfecting the seedbed for 2 times by using potassium permanganate solution, taking 2-4 years later dragon fruit branches as cutting seedlings, shearing 15 cm-long stem segments, and cutting the stems into a seedling raising bed;

2) preparing a stand column: selecting a ventilated and sunny and loose-soil land as a dragon fruit planting base, deeply turning and ridging the soil, burying fixed columns on the ridge, wherein the ridge is 40 meters long, 12cm high, 0.8m wide in ridge surface, 2.0m in ridge space, 1.2m in space between the fixed columns, fixing the fixed columns through 2 steel wires, fixing one steel wire at a position 12cm above the top of a cement column, and fixing the other steel wire at a position 12cm below the planting ridge; the steel wire and the cement column are fixed together;

3) transplanting seedlings: uniformly digging 4 customized holes around each fixed column, planting one dragon fruit seedling cultivated in the step 1) in each customized hole, covering straw/wheat oranges around the root of the seedling after soil backfilling, watering the root of the dragon fruit seedling every day after planting for 6 days, watering the root of the dragon fruit seedling every day, watering thoroughly the soil of the root each time, and continuously watering for 18 days;

4) bud and branch thinning: after the main branches of the dragon fruit grow to 1.3 h, removing all buds below 80cm away from the ground, cutting off the part of 10cm away from the tops of the main branches, leaving 2-3 branches with strong growth for each main branch in the first half of each year, and removing all newly-germinated branches in the next half of each year;

5) pollination and fruit thinning: carrying out artificial pollination during the flowering phase, removing withered flowers by a first postgirdling method, reserving 1 robustly-growing branch for each branch when the transverse diameter of young fruits reaches 2cm, and completely removing newly-germinated branches in the next half year;

6) pest control; the pest and disease control is carried out by mainly adopting physical and agricultural control and combining a method of taking high-efficiency low-toxicity chemical pesticide as an auxiliary, wherein the physical control is to use a frequency vibration type trap lamp, a solar trap lamp and a male sex pheromone trapper to trap and kill adult moths, use a yellow sticky plate to trap and kill aphids and apply tea seed cakes to control nematodes, and the agricultural control is to timely remove branches, flowers and fruits of pests and make clean field and garden work; the chemical pesticide is 1500 times of abamectin and 2000 times of imidacloprid for preventing and treating thrips;

7) field management: comprises weeding and pruning: weeding is to lay a weed suppression film between planting ridges and combine artificial weeding; the pruning is to cut off branches before the fleshy stem of the dragon fruit climbs to an upper steel wire rope and keep 1 main stem; cutting off the top when the bent seedlings grow to 70cm, dividing the stem into 3 naturally-drooping branches, and growing into bearing branches; after harvest is finished every year, cutting off aged stems and vines after fruit production and covering the stems and vines in a vertical field to promote the growth of new stems; the flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out manually on pitaya buds for 6-8 days, and 1 full bud is reserved on each fruiting mother branch; and (3) carrying out artificial thinning in a seedling stage, wherein 1-2 fruits are hung on each plant in the same stage.

Examples 1-3 show 20%, 25%, and 30% improvement in the yield, respectively, over the dragon fruit obtained in the comparative example; in terms of yield, the average yield of examples 1-3 was increased by 41% relative to the yield obtained in the comparative example.

By setting the row spacing and the column spacing between the pineapples and the dragon fruits and matching measures such as reasonable interplanting cultivation technology and the like, land resources are utilized to the maximum extent, the growth of weeds is inhibited, the water and soil loss is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the ecological environment is improved, the soil fertility is improved, the management and the protection are convenient, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The high-efficiency high-yield cultivation method for interplanting the dragon fruits and the pineapples in the greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following steps of the following operation steps,

1) land preparation:

carrying out ridging operation on the land in the greenhouse, wherein the ridge height is 20-25cm, the ridge width is 100-105cm, and the distance between the ridge and the center of the ridge is 180 cm;

planting specification:

the dragon fruit is cultivated in a stand column single-row rack mode, the stand column is built in the middle of a ridge, the plant is set to be 2.3m, and the plant spacing is 41-47 cm;

the dragon fruits are planted on the upright columns of the ridges, and the upright columns are established according to the plant spacing of 1.9-2.5m and the row spacing of 2.3-2.7 m;

the pineapple is planted on ridges at two sides of the dragon fruit, the row spacing of double-row plants is 20 multiplied by 50cm, and the width of the furrows and the furrows is 1.5 m; the row spacing of three rows of plants is 25 multiplied by 45cm, and the width of the furrow and the furrow ditch is 2 m;

seedling treatment:

selecting branches with the height of 30-40 cm from the dragon fruits for cultivation, selecting grafted or cut branches to cultivate a seedling bed, sterilizing the branches in 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes, airing and planting;

selecting pineapple seedlings with the height of a suckling bud of 30cm and the height of a top bud and a support bud of 25cm, separating the selected seedlings according to the types of the buds, grading the buds of the same type according to the sizes, removing 3-4 layers of leaves at the base part after grading, removing descendant tumors from the descendant buds, and planting after 3-5 days of sunning;

the planting method comprises the following steps:

the dragon fruit adopts a column type cultivation method, the upright column is arranged in the center of the ridge, 4-5 dragon fruit seedlings are planted around the upright column, the dragon fruit plants grow upwards along the upright column, and 560-600 dragon fruits can be planted per mu;

and (3) planting pineapples, digging small holes at a planting position, putting the bud seedlings, strengthening, returning soil, compacting soil around the bud seedlings, applying base fertilizer to a planting part, covering a layer of surface soil, and leveling.

2. The efficient and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting pineapples with greenhouse pitaya in the greenhouse of claim 1 is characterized in that: the column spacing and the row spacing of the dragon fruits are 2.0m and 2.3m respectively; the pineapple is planted on the same ridge on both sides of the dragon fruit, the plant spacing of the pineapple on the ridge is 35-50cm, and the row spacing is 40-50 cm.

3. The efficient and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting pineapples with greenhouse pitaya in the greenhouse of claim 1 is characterized in that: preparing soil in the step 1), and ridging the field, wherein the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge width is 100cm, and the ridge-to-ridge distance is 180 cm.

4. The efficient and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting pineapples with greenhouse pitaya in the greenhouse of claim 1 is characterized in that: the method also comprises the following operation steps of,

5) construction method

The base fertilizer is characterized in that soil and a planting field are ploughed before the fertilizer is planted, sufficient organic fertilizer is applied, and soil is covered after the fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is shared by the dragon fruits and the pineapples, and 3000kg-3500kg of organic fertilizer is used per mu;

topdressing, namely applying diluted human excrement added with 0.4 percent of urea and 0.1 percent of potassium chloride into each plant according to 1 to 1.5kg after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted for 20 to 30 days; the method comprises the following steps of (1) applying a tip tapping fertilizer and a flower tapping fertilizer to dragon fruits, and applying 11 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.3 kg of compound fertilizer to each column to strengthen flowers and strong seedlings; irrigating after one month of field planting, applying nitrogen fertilizer 10-15 kg/mu from field planting to fruiting, and applying potassium-calcium fertilizer 10-15 kg/mu from bud drawing to fruit ripening.

5. The efficient and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting pineapples with greenhouse pitaya in the greenhouse of claim 4 is characterized in that: the method also comprises the following operation steps:

6) management of field

The leaves need to be trimmed and pinched during the planting period of the dragon fruits, and pinching is carried out when the branches grow to 1.3m, so that branching is promoted, and the branches naturally droop; cutting off the branches after fruit picking, and allowing the branches to sprout again;

after 16 months of field planting, the number of leaves is more than 35, and flower forcing can be realized; when in flower forcing, ethephon is used for 250-500ppm, each plant is used for 30-50ml for core filling treatment, and buds can be extracted after 25-30 days.

6. The efficient and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting pineapples with greenhouse pitaya in the greenhouse of claim 5 is characterized in that: and 6) in the field management, after the pineapple fruits are hung, the fruits appear along with the expansion of the fruits.