CN102265767A - Prunus humilis cultivation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the planting technology of eucalyptus, which comprises the following steps: a step of selecting and preparing the soil, a step of planting, a step of managing soil, fertilizer and water, a step of shaping and pruning, a step of thinning flowers and fruits, a step of preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, and a step of harvesting. The purpose of the present invention is to develop a planting technology for Plum, further standardize the production procedure of Plum, and to scientifically plant large areas such as a large number of sandy land, abandoned land and idle waste land in the "Three North" regions of my country. , promotion and application provide a strong basis and demonstration paradigm, with significant ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits.

Description

Planting technology of Oli

technical field

The invention relates to the planting technology of eucalyptus and belongs to the field of planting technology.

Background technique

[Cerasus humilis (Bge) sok.] belongs to the wild fruit tree of the dwarf shrub of the genus Prunus in Rosaceae. It is a third-generation small fruit unique to my country, and it is also a medicinal plant with great development potential. Plum plants have the characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance, salt and alkali resistance, and strong adaptability. They are popular with people for their low plant size, bright fruit color, unique flavor, and rich nutrition. Prunus oleifera is the main source of medicinal materials of Yu Liren, and belongs to the medicinal materials of "the same origin of medicine and food".

Ou Li grows in mountains, sunny slopes, sandy land or shrubs at an altitude of 100m to 1800m. It likes light, is also resistant to shade, cold, drought, barrenness, salt and alkali, and grows well in sandy loam. Prunus is a strong tillering root system. The huge root system is intertwined and criss-crossed. It is concentrated in the soil layer of 20cm to 40cm, and the deepest can reach 1.5m to 2.0m, forming a dense network structure of topsoil. The 20cm deep soil layer The soil is tightly wrapped, has a strong soil-fixing and water-retaining effect, and can withstand low temperatures of -35°C, with strong adaptability. Oligoris is a rare tree species for short, flat and fast greening of barren hills and control of water and soil erosion. It can be planted in areas with a pH value < 8.5 on flat land and hillsides, and can also be planted between rows of arbors and fruit trees, or on the edge of terraced fields. With the popularization and planting in the Northwest, North China, Northeast and other regions, Ou Li has special effects in controlling barren mountains, deserts, sandy land, and preventing and controlling soil erosion. It has been listed as an excellent tree species for ecological forests by the State Forestry Administration.

Plum fruit is red, crystal-clear and lovely, moderately sweet and sour, unique in taste, and rich in nutrition. It contains many types of nutrients and high content, which is better than walnut fruits such as cherries, plums, apricots, and peaches. Among them, vitamin A, vitamin B ₂ , vitamin B ₁₂ , vitamin C, vitamin E, and trace elements potassium, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc, magnesium, selenium, etc. are rich in content, most of which are several times higher than the above-mentioned fruits to dozens of times, and contains 18 kinds of amino acids including lysine, and the sugar content of mature fruit is as high as 14% to 19%. Plum fruit can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, fruit vinegar, fruit milk, canned food, preserved fruit and other foods. Ou Li can be said to be a health-care fruit for children and the elderly, and a natural health-care product for human beings.

Plum seeds are the main source of traditional Chinese medicine Yu Liren. It contains plum glucoside, amygdalin, fatty oil and other ingredients. It is also one of the categories of "medicine and food of the same origin" announced by the Ministry of Health. Plum fruit also has diuretic and laxative effects; the root of Plum is used in folk remedies to treat varicose veins and vasculitis, and has a good therapeutic effect.

The petals of Ou Li are mostly white or pink, with a strong fragrance. The fruit is bright in color, with no fruit powder on the fruit surface, bright, red, purple and other colors, with strong ornamental value. The potted plants of Ou Li are compact in size, can be viewed and eaten, and are pleasing to the eye. They are ideal ornamental greening trees. Oli bonsai has beautiful flowers in spring and fruit in autumn, with great potential for development. With the improvement of people's living standards and the acceleration of the pace of life, the requirements for special tourism and leisure and health preservation continue to increase. The high ornamental value of Ou Li meets the high standard of life needs of today's people.

Based on the collection, sorting and evaluation of the germplasm resources of Prunus aurantium, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine conducted systematic variety comparison tests and regional tests in Changping, Huairou and Yanqing, Beijing. In July 2009, the new Oli varieties Jingou No. 1 and Jingou No. 2 passed the approval of the Beijing Forestry Variety Approval Committee, and the two are mutually pollinating varieties. The purpose of the present invention is to study the planting techniques of the new varieties of Prunus japonica No. 1 and No. 2, standardize the production procedures of the two new varieties of Prunus auricula, and provide a solution for a large number of sandy land and abandoned fields in the "Three North" regions of my country. It provides a strong basis and demonstration example for large-scale scientific planting, large-scale promotion and application of land, idle waste land, etc., and has significant ecological, economic and social benefits.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of planting technology of Prunus japonica.

A planting technique of Ou plum, comprising the following steps: site selection and site preparation, planting, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower thinning and fruit thinning, pest control method, and harvesting;

Step 1. Site selection and site preparation steps; basal fertilizer application;

Step 2, the planting step includes a variety selection step, a planting method selection step and a seedling cultivation greenhouse planting step;

Step 3, the soil, fertilizer and water management step includes a soil management step, a fertilization step and a water management step;

Step 4, the plastic trimming step includes the time and method of plastic trimming;

Step 5, flower thinning and fruit thinning step;

Step 6, the main diseases of Prunus auricula include powdery mildew and leaf perforation; the main pests include the steps of pest control methods such as aphids, borers, moths, and white moths, including the steps of agricultural control, physical control and chemical control;

Step 7, harvesting step.

A planting technique for Oligoris, comprising the following steps: site selection and site preparation, planting, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, flower thinning and fruit thinning, disease and insect pest control method, and harvesting.

Step 1. Site selection and site preparation steps:

Site selection steps:

Environmental requirements: The selected site should be far away from the city and traffic arteries, and the distance from the road should be greater than 50m. There are no direct pollution sources (discharge of "three wastes") and indirect pollution sources (upwind outlet or upstream pollution) of industrial and mining enterprises within 3km around;

Ecological requirements: Ecological conditions require sufficient sunshine, and the low temperature hours below 7.2°C in winter are 480h~720h;

Soil requirements: The thickness of the soil layer is not less than 40cm, the soil pH is 6.5-8.5, the permeability is good, the water is not waterlogged, and the soil salt content is less than 0.3%. In the hilly and mountainous areas, the slope of fine-bred Oli orchards should be below 25 degrees, and should avoid hail-prone areas, valleys with wind damage, low-lying areas where cold air is easy to stay, and ridges with strong winds;

Soil preparation steps:

For gentle planting, the soil needs to be plowed and leveled. Irregular hilly land can be planted along the contour line. The planting zone can be considered at a distance of 2-3m.

Base fertilizer application steps:

The sandy soil is loose, has good permeability, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, poor nutrient, dry soil, and organic matter content is only 0.1-0.3%. It should be improved by adding appropriate amount of peat soil (peat soil), growing grass, and mulching grass. , increasing the organic matter of the soil year by year.

Step 2, planting steps:

Variety selection steps:

Choose Jingou plum varieties suitable for this region, with strong cold resistance and stress resistance: Jingou No. 1 and Jingou No. 2.

Planting method selection steps:

Planting of bare-root seedlings: The plant height is required to be more than 25cm, the main stem is fully lignified, the base diameter is more than 0.2cm, and the root system is more than 25cm, without pests and diseases and obvious damage.

Planting of container seedlings: Seedlings are raised in the same year and planted in the same year, and container seedlings can be used. It is required that the plant height should be more than 15cm, and the root system should be more than 15cm. The field planting time should not be later than the first ten days of July.

Seedling cultivation in greenhouses: For areas with cold, dry spring, strong winds, and fast water volatilization, in order to promote the rapid growth of Plum seedlings and slow seedling growth, the seedlings will grow vigorously and have a high survival rate, and the cultivation technology of Plum seedlings in greenhouses can be used;

Seedling greenhouse cultivation steps:

Preparations: Prepare a plastic gazebo, or build a small shed in the sunny and leeward place. Prunus is a deep-rooted crop. In the early stage, it is mainly hair roots. The nutrient bowl must be deep, and a nutrient bowl with a size of 10cm×20cm should be used. Use slightly sticky loam to ensure that the soil lumps are not easy to loosen when the Plum seedlings are planted out of the nutrient pot;

Time: Plant in early spring (March) or when the shed does not freeze in the morning, preferably sooner rather than later;

Root pruning before planting of seedlings: new stubbles are cut from the lateral roots, and the longer roots should be cut short, so that the roots can be stretched in the nutrient bowl. It is advisable to trim the stems and branches to leave 5cm to 10cm. When planting seedlings, they should be compacted while burying the soil, and the planting depth should be consistent with the rhizome of the original seedlings, neither too deep nor exposed. It must be watered immediately after planting on the same day;

Management after planting: After planting, water once a day, and then water as appropriate depending on the dryness and wetness of the soil, and pay attention to watering thoroughly. Spray foliar fertilizer (0.1% to 0.2% of urea and 0.1% to 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) once every 10 days or so. If the temperature and humidity in the shed are too high, pay attention to ventilation at noon on sunny days. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases, the shed can be sprayed with fungicides 1 to 2 times preventively, such as triadimefon, mancozeb, etc.;

Field planting: field planting from mid to late May to early June. When planting, take the seedlings carefully from the container to prevent loose soil lumps, and water them in time after planting;

Pollination tree configuration: There must be at least 2 varieties of cultivated varieties, and the ratio of 1 to 3:1 between varieties can be planted;

Planting density: The row spacing of plants planted on flat ground in Daejeon is 1m×1m, and the row direction should be planted in a north-south direction. Irregular hilly land can be planted along the contour line, and the planting zone can be planted with a distance of 1.5m to 2m, planted in double rows within the zone, with a row spacing of 0.5m to 0.8m, and the land can be turned inside the planting zone. Primitive grass shrub vegetation.

Step 3. Soil, fertilizer and water management steps:

Soil management steps:

Clear tillage method: According to the occurrence of weeds in the field, remove weeds in the field;

Grass growing method: plant clover between the rows, mow every year, and cover the rows;

Grass covering method: The soil is covered mainly with crop straw and sawdust. The thickness of the covering is more than 10cm.

Fertilization management steps:

Types of fertilizers: mainly farm manure and compound fertilizers such as compost, retting manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, straw manure, and cake manure with balanced nutrition, and manure must be fully decomposed before application;

Fertilization methods: There are two methods of fertilization: soil fertilization and foliar spraying. Soil fertilization can be done by spreading, furrow or hole application, and the fertilization depth is 10cm-20cm. After fertilization, water should be irrigated in time; spraying fertilizer on the leaves mainly solves the problem of plant deficiency. Combined with soil fertilization, it can be supplemented by spraying foliar fertilizer for the symptoms of plant deficiency;

Fertilization time: soil topdressing is divided into 2 times a year, the first time is before germination, the second time is before fruit harvesting, and the base fertilizer should be applied in autumn;

Fertilization amount: The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the soil fertility status, tree status, field management level, climatic conditions and other factors.

Moisture management steps:

Irrigation period: 3 critical periods of water demand throughout the year. From germination to before flowering, young fruit expansion stage, combined with fertilization and irrigation of frozen water before winter;

Irrigation methods: drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.

Step 4. Shaping and pruning steps:

Time for pruning:

The pruning time is divided into winter pruning and summer pruning, with winter pruning being the main one.

The method of trimming:

Pruning of young trees: young trees less than 3 years old are planted mainly to cultivate and expand shrubs and shape them. The pruning method is mainly to cut off thin and weak branches and small branch groups;

Mature tree pruning: remove thin and weak branches, aging branches, diseased and insect branches, over-dense branches, and retract old branches. Cultivate new branch groups every year and remove excessive flower buds;

Aging tree pruning: flat stubble along the ground, leaving a pile height of 2cm.

Step 5, step of thinning flowers and fruits:

Ouli is easy to flower. Generally, the basal branches can bloom and bear fruit from the third node of the base to the top. Each node can bloom 2 to 8 flowers. When the mung bean size is small, the fruit is thinned, and the tip fruit and dense fruit are thinned to make strong branches. 20 fruits are reserved, 10 fruits are reserved for moderate branches, and 3-5 fruits are reserved for weak branches.

Step 6, steps of pest control method:

The main diseases of European plums are powdery mildew and leaf hole; the main pests are aphids, borers, sting moths, and white moths.

Agricultural control methods:

Combining pruning, deep plowing and other farming operations to remove pests, branches, leaves, fruits and weeds to reduce the source of bacteria and reduce the number of eggs;

Physical control methods:

During the period when adults are causing damage, use frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps, sweet and sour liquid, sticky insect boards, etc. to trap and kill insects;

Chemical control methods:

The principle of prevention and control implements the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", selects biological pesticides and high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue chemical pesticides, uses them alternately, improves pesticide application techniques, and reduces the amount of pesticides used. Drugs are prohibited during the flowering period, 20 days before the ripening of the berries, and before the end of fruit picking;

Spray 3 to 5 degrees of lime sulfur or the same amount of Bordeaux mixture before germination in early spring to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases;

Spray high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides such as aifodin, phoxim, 2.5% kung fu, or imidacloprid at the young fruit stage after flowering to control borers;

The dry and windy weather in late spring and early summer is the season with frequent occurrence of aphids. At this time, low-toxicity pesticides such as imidacloprid should be sprayed for control;

In summer and autumn rainy seasons, triadimefon (also known as Fenxiuning) is used to control powdery mildew; agricultural streptomycin is used to control leaf punching disease.

Step 7, harvesting steps:

The ripening period of Oli fruit is inconsistent and should be harvested in batches. It is not suitable to harvest during rain, dew, fog, high temperature or water on the surface of the fruit. When picking fresh edible fruits, handle and put them down with care. Diseased and deformed fruits should be collected and released individually.

Detailed ways

Step 1. Site selection and preparation:

Choose soil, air, and water quality land that meet the national pollution-free planting standards, and the soil layer thickness is not less than 40cm, pH 6.5-8.5, good permeability, no water, salt content less than 0.3%, sufficient sunlight, 7.2 in winter The soil with a low temperature below ℃ of 480h to 720h is used as a planting site (sandy loam and loam, grassland aeolian sandy soil, and desert aeolian sandy soil are preferred). Gentle planting, soil plowing should be flat, irregular hilly land can be planted along the contour line, the planting zone can be considered 2 ~ 3m belt distance, according to the planting belt inward plowing land, the original grass-shrub vegetation can be maintained in the belt distance. Due to loose sandy soil and good permeability, but poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, nutrient-poor, dry soil, organic matter content is only 0.1 to 0.3%. Therefore, it should be improved by adding an appropriate amount of peat soil (peat soil), growing grass, compound grass, etc., to increase the organic matter of the land year by year.

Step 2, planting:

Choose Jingou plum varieties suitable for this region, with strong cold resistance and stress resistance: Jingou No. 1 and Jingou No. 2.

Bare root seedling planting: It is required that the plant height is more than 25cm, the main stem is fully lignified, the base diameter is more than 0.2cm, and the root system is more than 25cm, without pests and diseases and obvious damage.

Planting of container seedlings: Seedlings are raised in the same year and planted in the same year, and container seedlings can be used. It is required that the plant height should be more than 15cm, and the root system should be more than 15cm. The field planting time should not be later than the first ten days of July.

Seedling cultivation in greenhouses: For areas with cold, dry spring, strong winds, and fast water volatilization, in order to promote the rapid growth of Plum seedlings and slow seedling growth, the seedlings will grow vigorously and have a high survival rate, and the cultivation technology of Plum seedlings in greenhouses can be used;

Preparations: Prepare a plastic gazebo, or build a small shed in the sunny and leeward place. Prunus is a deep-rooted crop. In the early stage, it is mainly hair roots. The nutrient bowl must be deep, and a nutrient bowl with a size of 10cm×20cm should be used. Use slightly sticky loam to ensure that the soil lumps are not easy to loosen when the Plum seedlings are planted out of the nutrient pot;

Time: Plant in early spring (March) or when the shed does not freeze in the morning, preferably sooner rather than later.

Root pruning before planting of seedlings: new stubbles are cut from the lateral roots, and the longer roots should be cut short, so that the roots can be stretched in the nutrient bowl. It is advisable to trim the stems and branches to leave 5cm to 10cm. When planting seedlings, they should be compacted while burying the soil, and the planting depth should be consistent with the rhizome of the original seedlings, neither too deep nor exposed. It must be watered immediately after planting.

Management after planting: After planting, water once a day, and then water as appropriate depending on the dryness and wetness of the soil, and pay attention to watering thoroughly. Spray foliar fertilizer (0.1% to 0.2% of urea and 0.1% to 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) once every 10 days or so. If the temperature and humidity in the shed are too high, pay attention to ventilation at noon on sunny days. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases, the shed can be sprayed with fungicides 1 or 2 times preventively, such as triadimefon, mancozeb, etc.

Field planting: field planting from mid to late May to early June. When planting, take the seedlings carefully from the container to prevent loose soil lumps, and water them in time after planting.

Pollination tree configuration: There must be at least 2 varieties of cultivated varieties, and the proportion of varieties can be planted in a ratio of 1 to 3:1.

Planting density: The row spacing of plants planted on flat ground in Daejeon is 1m×1m, and the row direction should be planted in a north-south direction. Irregular hilly land can be planted along the contour line, and the planting zone can be considered to have a 1.5m-2m spacing, double-row planting in the zone, and the row spacing in the zone is 0.5m-0.8m. Primitive grass shrub vegetation.

Step 3. Soil, fertilizer and water management:

Soil management: According to the occurrence of weeds in the field, timely conduct field management such as weeding. In order to increase soil fertility, plant clover between rows, mow every year, and cover between rows; crop straw and sawdust can also be covered, and the thickness of the covering is more than 10cm.

Fertilization: Compost, retting manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, straw manure, cake manure and other farm manure and compound fertilizer with balanced nutrition are mainly used. Farm manure must be fully decomposed before application. There are two methods of fertilization: soil fertilization and foliar fertilization. Soil fertilization can be done by spreading, furrow or hole application, and the fertilization depth is 10cm-20cm. Water should be irrigated in time after fertilization; foliar fertilization mainly solves the problem of plant deficiency. Combined with soil fertilization, for the symptoms of plant deficiency, it can be supplemented by spraying foliar fertilizer. Soil topdressing is divided into 2 times a year, the first time is before germination, the second time is before fruit harvest, and the base fertilizer should be applied in autumn. The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to factors such as soil fertility status, tree body status, field management level, and climatic conditions.

Water management: 3 critical periods of water demand throughout the year. From germination to before flowering, the young fruit is in the expansion stage, combined with fertilization and irrigation with frozen water before winter. Irrigation methods adopt drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.

Step 4, shaping and pruning:

The pruning time is divided into winter pruning and summer pruning, with winter pruning being the main one. The method of plastic pruning: young trees less than 3 years old are planted mainly to cultivate and expand shrubs and plastic. Diseased and insect branches, too dense branches or branch groups, retract old branches. Cultivate new branch groups every year, and remove excessive flower buds; prune old trees, stubble along the ground, and leave piles with a height of 2cm.

Step 5, thinning flowers and fruits:

Ouli is easy to flower. Generally, the basal branches can bloom and bear fruit from the third node of the base to the top. Each node can bloom 2 to 8 flowers. When the mung bean size is small, the fruit is thinned, and the tip fruit and dense fruit are thinned to make strong branches. 20 fruits are reserved, 10 fruits are reserved for moderate branches, and 3-5 fruits are reserved for weak branches.

Step 6, pest control:

The main diseases of European plums are powdery mildew and leaf hole; the main pests are aphids, borers, sting moths, and white moths.

There are agricultural control, physical control and chemical control methods for the prevention and control of European plum diseases and insect pests.

Agricultural control: Combining pruning, deep plowing and other agricultural operations to remove pests, branches, leaves, fruits and weeds to reduce the source of bacteria and reduce the number of eggs.

Physical control: During the period when adults are infested, use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps, sweet and sour liquid, sticky insect boards, etc. to trap and kill insects

Chemical control: The principle of prevention and control implements the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control", selects biological pesticides and chemical pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residues, uses them alternately, improves pesticide application techniques, and reduces the amount of pesticides used. Drugs are prohibited during the flowering period, 20 days before the ripening of the berries, and before the end of fruit picking;

Chemical Control:

①Spray 3 to 5 degrees of lime sulfur or the same amount of Bordeaux mixture before germination in early spring to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.

② Spray afordin, phoxim, 2.5% kung fu or imidacloprid and other high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides to control borers at the young fruit stage after flowering.

③Drought and windy weather in late spring and early summer is the season with frequent occurrence of aphids. At this time, low-toxicity pesticides such as imidacloprid should be sprayed for control.

④ In the rainy season in summer and autumn, use triazolium (also known as Fenxiuning) to prevent and control powdery mildew; use agricultural streptomycin to prevent and control leaf punching disease.

Step 7, harvesting:

The ripening period of Oli fruit is inconsistent and should be harvested in batches. Do not harvest when it is raining, dew, foggy, high temperature or when there is water on the surface of the fruit. When picking fresh edible fruits, handle and put them down with care. Diseased and deformed fruits should be collected and released individually.

The present invention has bred Jingou No. 1 and Jingou No. 2 plum varieties with strong stress resistance and excellent fruit quality, which passed the examination and approval of the Beijing Forestry Variety Approval Committee in 2009.

Characteristics of Jingou No. 1: The plant is shrubby, with a height of 1.2-1.5m, a well-developed root system, and strong stress resistance. The annual branches are taupe, the new shoots are light reddish brown; the average leaf length is 5cm, the leaf width is 1.5cm, slender and lanceolate, glabrous, the leaf margin is thin and obtusely serrated, the petiole is 0.5cm long; the flower buds are light pink, and the flowers are light pink and white ;Purple fruit, oblate, aspect ratio 2:2.2, shallow suture line, shallow stalk depression, flat fruit top, 1.2cm long stalk; red flesh, delicate flesh, sticky core, small core, edible rate 94.5 %. The fruit is gorgeous, the aroma is strong, the taste is delicious, and the taste is sweet and sour and crisp. The average single fruit weight is 6.2g, the juice yield is 82.4%, the dry matter content is 16.2%, the average soluble solid content is 15.4%, the soluble sugar content is 7.85%, the total acid content is 1.12%, the sugar-acid ratio is 7.01, and the calcium content is 249mg·kg ^-1 , The content of vitamin C is 380mg·kg ^-1 , the total amount of amino acids is 5.13g·kg ^-1 , the total amount of essential amino acids is 1.54g·kg ^-1 , accounting for 30.0% of the total amino acids. In the Beijing area, it germinates in mid-March and blooms in mid-April, and the flowering period is about 10 days. The fruit matures in mid-July, the fruit development period is 86 days, and leaves fall at the end of October. Early fruiting and high yield are extremely strong, and the fruit setting rate is high. It will bear fruit in the second year after planting, and the average plant yield of 3 to 5 years old can reach 1.5kg. The fruit can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, canned food, jam, etc.

Characteristics of Jingou 2: shrubby plant, 1.2-1.5m in height, well-developed root system, strong stress resistance; gray-brown annual branches; average leaf length 6cm, leaf width 1.5cm, slender lanceolate, glabrous, Leaf margins are obtusely serrated, petiole 0.5cm long; buds white, flowers white; fruit purple, round, aspect ratio 2.1:2.1cm, suture shallow, stalk shallow, fruit top flat, fruit stalk 1.1cm long. The flesh is red, the flesh is delicate, the core is small, and the edible rate is 94.3%. The fruit is gorgeous, sweet and sour, with strong aroma and delicious taste. The average single fruit weight is 6.1g, and the juice yield is 81.5%. The dry matter content is 15.0%, the average soluble solid content is 14.7%, the soluble sugar content is 7.54%, the total acid content is 1.32%, the sugar-acid ratio is 5.71, the calcium content is 262mg·kg ^-1 , the vitamin C content is 449mg·kg ^-1 , the total amino acid The amount is 5.22g·kg ^-1 , and the total amount of essential amino acids for human body is 1.49g·kg ^-1 , accounting for 28.5% of the total amino acids. In the Beijing area, it germinates in mid-March and blooms in mid-April, and the flowering period is about 10 days. The fruit matures in late July, the fruit development period is 96 days, and the leaves fall at the end of October. Early fruiting and high yield are extremely strong, and the fruit setting rate is high. It will bear fruit in the second year after planting, and the average yield per plant in 3 to 5 years can reach 1.5kg. The fruit can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, canned food, jam, etc.

Claims (8)

1. The planting technique of Ou Li is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: site selection and site preparation steps, planting steps, soil, fertilizer and water management steps, pruning steps, flower thinning and fruit thinning steps, pest control method steps, and harvesting steps; Step 1. Site selection and site preparation steps; basal fertilizer application; Step 2, the planting step includes a variety selection step, a planting method selection step and a seedling cultivation greenhouse planting step; Step 3, the soil, fertilizer and water management step includes a soil management step, a fertilization step and a water management step; Step 4, the plastic trimming step includes the time and method of plastic trimming; Step 5, flower thinning and fruit thinning step; Step 6. The main diseases of Plum are powdery mildew and leaf hole; the main pests are aphids, borers, sting moths, and white moths. The pest control method steps include agricultural control, physical control and chemical control method steps; Step 7, harvesting step. 2. the planting technology of a kind of Ou plum according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: Site selection steps: ①Environmental requirements: The selected site should be far away from the city and the traffic arteries, and the distance from the road should be greater than 50m. There are no direct pollution sources (discharge of "three wastes") and indirect pollution sources (upwind outlet or upstream pollution) of industrial and mining enterprises within 3km around; ②Ecological requirements: ecological conditions require sufficient sunshine, and the low temperature hours below 7.2°C in winter are 480h~720h; ③Soil requirements: The thickness of the soil layer is not less than 40cm, the soil pH is 6.5-8.5, the permeability is good, the water is not waterlogged, and the soil salt content is less than 0.3%. In the hilly and mountainous areas, the slope of fine-bred Oli orchards should be below 25 degrees, and should avoid hail-prone areas, valleys with wind damage, low-lying areas where cold air is easy to stay, and ridges with strong winds; Soil preparation steps: Gentle planting, soil plowing and leveling is required. Irregular hilly land can be planted along the contour line. The planting zone can be considered with a 2-3m strip distance. According to the planting zone, the land can be plowed inward, and the original grass can be properly maintained in the strip distance. shrub vegetation; Base fertilizer application steps: loose sandy soil, good permeability, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, poor nutrients, dry soil, organic matter content is only 0.1 to 0.3%, should be added by adding appropriate amount of peat soil (peat soil), grass, mulch Grass, etc. are improved to increase the organic matter of the soil year by year. 3. the planting technology of a kind of Ou plum according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: Variety selection steps: Select Jingou plum varieties suitable for the region, with strong cold resistance and stress resistance: Jingou No. 1 and Jingou No. 2; Planting method selection steps: ①Planting of bare root seedlings: the plant height is required to be more than 25cm, the main stem is fully lignified, the base diameter is more than 0.2cm, and the root system is more than 25cm, free of diseases and insect pests and obvious damage; Container seedlings are available. The plant height is required to be over 15cm, the root system must be over 15cm, and the field planting time should not be later than the first ten days of July; ②Cultivation in greenhouses for seedling cultivation: For areas with cold, arid, windy weather in spring, and fast water volatilization, in order to promote the rapid growth of Prunus aurantium seedlings and slow down seedlings, the seedlings will grow vigorously and have a high survival rate. Planting steps: ①Preparation: Prepare a plastic sun shed, or build a small shed in the sunny and leeward place. Prunus is a deep-rooted crop. In the early stage, it is mainly hair roots. The nutrient bowl must be deep, and a nutrient bowl with a size of 10cm×20cm should be used. Use slightly sticky loam to ensure that the soil lumps are not easy to loosen when the Plum seedlings are planted out of the nutrient pot; ②Time: plant in early spring (March) or when the shed does not freeze in the morning, preferably sooner rather than later; ③Prune the root system before planting the seedlings: cut out the new stubble from the side roots, and shorten the longer root system, so that the root system can stretch in the nutrient bowl. It is advisable to trim the stems and branches to leave 5cm to 10cm. When planting seedlings, they should be compacted while burying the soil, and the planting depth should be consistent with the rhizome of the original seedlings, neither too deep nor exposed. It must be watered immediately after planting on the same day; ④Management after planting: After planting, water once a day, and then water as appropriate depending on the dryness and wetness of the soil, and pay attention to watering thoroughly. Spray foliar fertilizer (0.1% to 0.2% of urea and 0.1% to 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) once every 10 days or so. If the temperature and humidity in the shed are too high, pay attention to ventilation at noon on sunny days. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases, the shed can be sprayed with fungicides 1 to 2 times preventively, such as triadimefon, mancozeb, etc.; ⑤ Field planting: field planting from mid-to-late May to early June. When planting, take the seedlings carefully from the container to prevent loose soil lumps, and water them in time after planting; ⑥ Pollination tree configuration: at least 2 cultivars should be cultivated, and the ratio of 1 to 3:1 between varieties can be planted; ⑦Planting density: the row spacing of plants planted in the field is 1m×1m, and the row direction should be planted in a north-south direction. Irregular hilly land can be planted along the contour line, and the planting zone can be planted with a distance of 1.5m to 2m, planted in double rows within the zone, with a row spacing of 0.5m to 0.8m, and the land can be turned inside the planting zone. Primitive grass shrub vegetation. 4. the planting technique of a kind of Ou plum according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: Soil management steps: ①Clear tillage method: According to the occurrence of weeds in the field, weeds are removed in the field; ② Grass growing method: plant clover between the rows, mow every year, and cover the rows; ③Grass-covering method: The soil is mainly covered with crop straw and sawdust. The thickness of the covering is more than 10cm; Fertilization steps: ①Fertilizer types: mainly farm manure and compound fertilizers such as compost, retting manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, straw manure, cake manure, etc. with balanced nutrition, and manure must be fully decomposed before application; ②Fertilization method: There are two methods of fertilization: soil fertilization and leaf spraying. Soil fertilization can be done by spreading, furrow or hole application, and the fertilization depth is 10cm-20cm. After fertilization, water should be irrigated in time; spraying fertilizer on the leaves mainly solves the problem of plant deficiency. Combined with soil fertilization, it can be supplemented by spraying foliar fertilizer for the symptoms of plant deficiency; ③ Fertilization time: soil topdressing is divided into 2 times a year, the first time is before germination, and the second time is before fruit harvesting, and the base fertilizer should be applied in autumn; ④Amount of fertilization: The amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the soil fertility status, tree condition, field management level, climatic conditions and other factors; Moisture management steps: ① Irrigation period: 3 critical periods of water demand throughout the year. From germination to before flowering, young fruit expansion stage, combined with fertilization and irrigation of frozen water before winter; ② Irrigation methods: drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. 5. the planting technique of a kind of European plum according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pruning time of shaping is divided into winter pruning and summer pruning, mainly based on winter pruning; The method of trimming: ①Young tree pruning: Young trees less than 3 years old are planted mainly to cultivate and expand shrubs and shape them. The pruning method is mainly to cut off thin and weak branches and small branch groups; ② Pruning of mature trees: remove thin and weak branches, aging branches, diseased and insect branches, over-dense branches, and retract old branches. Cultivate new branch groups every year and remove excessive flower buds; ③ Pruning of aging trees: level the stubble along the ground, and leave piles with a height of 2cm. 6. The planting technique of a kind of Plum according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of thinning flowers and fruits: Plum is easy to form flowers, and generally the basal branches can bloom and bear fruit from the 3rd node of the base, and each node can bloom 2 to 8 flowers, when the mung bean size is small, the fruit is thinned, and the tip fruit and dense fruit are thinned, so that 20 fruits are kept on the strong branches, 10 fruits are kept on the medium branches, and 3 to 5 fruits are kept on the weak branches. 7. The planting technology of a kind of European plum according to claim 1, characterized in that the pest control method steps: agricultural control, physical control and chemical control method steps; Agricultural control methods: combined with pruning, deep plowing and other agricultural operations, remove branches, leaves, fruits and weeds of pests to reduce the source of bacteria and reduce the number of eggs; Physical control methods: use frequency vibration type insecticidal lamps, sweet and sour liquid, sticky insect boards, etc. to trap and kill insects during the period when adults are infested; Chemical control methods: The principle of control is to implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control", select biological pesticides and chemical pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, use alternately, improve pesticide application technology, and reduce the amount of pesticides used. Drugs are prohibited during the flowering period, 20 days before the ripening of the berries, and before the end of fruit picking; ①Spray a 3-5 degree lime sulfur mixture or an equivalent Bordeaux mixture before germination in early spring to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases; ② Spray high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides such as aifodin, phoxim, 2.5% kung fu, or imidacloprid at the young fruit stage after flowering to control borers; ③Drought and windy weather in late spring and early summer is the season with frequent occurrence of aphids. At this time, low-toxicity pesticides such as imidacloprid should be sprayed for control; ④ Use triadimefon (also known as Fenxiuning) to prevent and control powdery mildew in summer and autumn rainy seasons; use agricultural streptomycin to prevent and control leaf perforation. 8. The planting technology of a kind of Prunus aurantiae according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the step of harvesting: the ripening period of Prunus auricula fruit is inconsistent, and should be collected in batches. It is not suitable to harvest during rain, dew, fog, high temperature or water on the surface of the fruit. When picking fresh edible fruits, handle and put them down with care. Diseased and deformed fruits should be collected and released individually.