CN105875166A - Amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method - Google Patents

Amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105875166A
CN105875166A CN201610322422.XA CN201610322422A CN105875166A CN 105875166 A CN105875166 A CN 105875166A CN 201610322422 A CN201610322422 A CN 201610322422A CN 105875166 A CN105875166 A CN 105875166A
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forest land
fructus tsaoko
soil
ridge
fertilizer
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CN105875166B (en
Inventor
肖良俊
宁德鲁
陈海云
胡青
贺娜
吴涛
耿树香
徐田
马婷
王洋
李勇杰
张艳丽
陈少瑜
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Yunnan Academy of Forestry
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Yunnan Academy of Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029Receptacles for seedlings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Abstract

The invention discloses an amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method. The amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method comprises the following specific steps: variety selection, seed treatment, seedling culturing forest land selection, soil preparation, sowing, irrigation, water drainage, seedling management and the like. By the amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method, under-forest land resources can be utilized fully, and cultivated lands are not occupied; an awning is not required, and the method is convenient to operate, simple in process and relatively low in cost; the emergence rate of amomum tsao-ko reaches 85%-90% and is higher than that of amomum tsao-ko cultured by a method in the prior art by 10%-20%, frost damage can be avoided, the amomum tsao-ko is seldom infected with diseases, after being planted, the amomum tsao-ko adapt to the environment quickly, and fast growing, stable yield and high yield are achieved easily; and the amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method is easy to use and popularize on production.

Description

A kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese crude drug (forest economy) technical field of cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko.
Background technology
Fructus Tsaoko (Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire) be Zingiberaceae (Zingiberaceae) a kind of herbaceos perennial in Amomum plant, the quintessence oil that Fructus Tsaoko fruit extracts is for medicine and perfume industry;Fructus Tsaoko is one of the seasoning good merchantable brand liked of people and traditional Chinese medicine, and wild Fructus Tsaoko is grown in rainy backwoods, subtropical zone, is mainly distributed on Yunnan Province of China, Guangxi and San Sheng some areas, Guizhou, and some areas that Vietnam, Laos are northern.
Fructus Tsaoko is one of commodity of food and medicament dual-purpose, and along with improving and healthy demand of people's living standard, the demand of Fructus Tsaoko is increasing;Fructus Tsaoko is also one of main forest economy crop of greatly developing simultaneously, and carries out Fructus Tsaoko artificial culture, first has to solve Fructus Tsaoko nursery problem.But now people carry out Fructus Tsaoko nursery generally to there is emergence rate low, easily by frost damage and the defect easily caught an illness.
Bionical nursery refers to utilize the characteristic of sylvan life natural propagation and growth, planting seed to be bred in optimum sylvan life, makes full use of the various advantages such as sylvan life temperature, light, water, gas, soil and beneficial microbe, it is achieved a kind of technological means of nursery.Bionical nursery can also effectively utilize land resource, is not take up ploughing, it is not necessary to build shade net.
Chinese invention patent application 201310180080.9 discloses a kind of Fructus Tsaoko method for culturing seedlings, and this application only relates to the general field seedling-raising technique of Fructus Tsaoko, there is also problems such as occupying cultivated land, emergence rate is the highest.
Summary of the invention
For solve emergence rate low, easily by frost damage and the problem such as easily catch an illness, the present invention provides a kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko, can not only make full use of sylvan life land resource, is not take up ploughing, moreover it is possible to be effectively improved emergence rate.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposal: a kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko, through following each step:
(1) Fruit variety: select spindle or ovate Fructus Tsaoko kind, selected plant age 6~8 years, strain shape is compact, it is vigorous to grow, plant without pest and disease damage, abandons two, stays centre in the fruit ear that result is many;
(2) seed treatment: tear peel before sowing off and leave silver gray seed, after soaking in sodium carbonate solution 0.5h, repeatedly wraps up with masking foil after the wax coat of rubbing removing the surface of the seed, is placed at shady and cool dark so that it is seed lucifuge 1~February;
(3) selection in nursery forest land: selecting evergreen broadleaf forest, Coniferous forest or the forest land (such as Fructus Benincasae tree or fir etc.) of mixed forest, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, without pest and disease damage, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
(4) canopy density adjust: adjusting forest land canopy density is 0.6~0.75;
(5) wholely: remove the weeds under forest land and undershrub, by soil deep tillage 10~25cm, go to cut weeds and root system, make soil the most in small, broken bits, and apply fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and the mixed material of trace-element fertilizer;Do growth 1~3m, wide 1.2~the ridge of 1.5m according to landform again, and each ridge intersects anyhow in " product " font, makes flowing water between each ridge unobstructed, to wait to sow;
(6) sowing: use and disseminate or drilling, in annual December, with every mu of application rate be 8~10kg by the planting seed of step (2) on the ridge of step (5), after planting earthing 3~4cm, and carry out patting with compacting soil with spade;
(7) irrigate: every ridge is carried out overlay film, and carries out drip irrigation according to soil moisture content, control soil moisture > 50%;
(8) draining: gutter, and drainage trenching around nursery forest land are stayed in interval, every ridge 20~40cm;
(9) management: open overlay film when Fructus Tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carries out the seedling management such as weeding and thinning work, when Fructus Tsaoko Seedling length to > 45cm, i.e. completes nursery, can transplant.
The sodium carbonate liquor of described step (2) is the mixed solution that mass ratio is 1:5000 of sodium carbonate and water.
The forest land gradient of described step (3) 10 °, south or southeast slope aspect, height of tree > 3m, dry high > 1.5m, seeding row spacing 4 × 5m in forest land.
It is that the woods to canopy density > 0.75 carry out layering pruning that the canopy density of described step (4) adjust, and makes uniform light scattering come in, shelters from heat or light canopy density < 0.6% branch and leaf under pruning, and finally making forest land canopy density is 0.6~0.75.
The mixed material of the fertilizer of described step (5), phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer is in mass ratio for (90~100) by commercial for routine fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer: (4~6): (0.1~0.3) carries out mixing the mixture of gained.
Advantage that the present invention possesses and effect: the present invention limits position, forest land, slope aspect, the gradient, Tree Species Selection, the regulation and control of closing of standing-crop degree, and limit ridge and arrange in " product " font, make flowing water wriggle trickling to increase air humidity etc..The present invention has the following advantages compared with tradition nursery: 1. tradition nursery need to build shade net, more closely occurs owing to shade net is liftoff to cause Fructus Tsaoko Seedling mortality during frost, and forest higher (at frost drop height) and leaves layering Fructus Tsaoko are susceptible to frost or lighter;2. land for growing field crops is cultivated Fructus Tsaoko Seedling and is gone up a hill when planting, and owing to environmental inadequacies has dead Seedling and seedling-slowing stage longer, sylvan life Fructus Tsaoko Seedling has that mortality rate is relatively low and seedling-slowing stage is short, the advantage such as bear fruit ahead of time;3. sylvan life sowing environment adapts to seed germination, and emergence rate is higher;4. tradition field connects throughout the year and does, and it is more that soil leaves over cause of disease, and Fructus Tsaoko Seedling susceptible gene is higher, and nursery rate of catching an illness in forest land is relatively low;5. sylvan life nursery is not take up ploughing, and is not required to build shade net relatively low with material cost on the spot.The present invention can make full use of sylvan life land resource, is not take up ploughing;Without taking cool canopy, easy to operate, operation is simple, and cost is relatively low;Fructus Tsaoko emergence rate reaches 85%~90%, improves 10%~20% than prior art, and is avoided that frost damage, catches an illness few, adapts to environment very fast, be easier to reach fast-growing, stable and high yields after transplanting;On producing, it is prone to application and promotes.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by being embodied as example, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Address, nursery forest land: by Wenshan Prefecture of the Yunnan Province Maguan County number of reaching reservoir
(1) Fruit variety: select spindle or ovate Fructus Tsaoko kind, selected plant age 6~8 years, strain shape is compact, it is vigorous to grow, plant without pest and disease damage, abandons two, stays centre in the fruit ear that result is many;
(2) seed treatment: tear peel before sowing off and leave silver gray seed, after soaking 0.5h with sodium carbonate liquor (sodium carbonate and the mixed solution that mass ratio is 1:5000 of water), repeatedly wrap up with masking foil after the wax coat of rubbing removing the surface of the seed, it is placed at shady and cool dark so that it is seed lucifuge 1~February;
(3) selection in nursery forest land: selecting Fructus Benincasae woods ground, the forest land gradient 8 °, south slope aspect, height of tree > 5m, dry high > 2m, seeding row spacing 4 × 5m, canopy density 80% in forest land, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, and without pest and disease damage, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
(4) canopy density adjust: layering is pruned, and make uniform light scattering come in, and finally making forest land canopy density is 0.65;
(5) wholely: remove the weeds under forest land and undershrub, by soil deep tillage 10~25cm, go to cut weeds and root system, make soil the most in small, broken bits, and apply the mixed material (three's mass ratio is 95:4.8:0.2) of fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer;Do growth 1~3m, wide 1.2~the ridge of 1.5m according to landform again, and each ridge intersects anyhow in " product " font, makes flowing water between each ridge unobstructed, to wait to sow;
(6) sowing: use and disseminate or drilling, in annual December, with every mu of application rate for 8kg by the planting seed of step (2) on the ridge of step (5), after planting earthing 3~4cm, and carry out patting with compacting soil with spade;
(7) irrigate: every ridge is carried out overlay film, and carries out drip irrigation according to soil moisture content, control soil moisture > 50%;
(8) draining: gutter, and drainage trenching around nursery forest land are stayed in interval, every ridge 20~40cm;
(9) management: open overlay film when Fructus Tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carries out the seedling management such as weeding and thinning work, when Fructus Tsaoko Seedling length to > 45cm, i.e. completes nursery, can transplant.
This example nursery Fructus Tsaoko emergence rate reaches 91%, and Fructus Tsaoko Seedling is not impacted by the frost in the end of the year, and Seedling neat and consistent, and pest and disease damage is less.
Embodiment 2
Address, nursery forest land: Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province Maguan County Gu Lin Qing Xiang
(1) Fruit variety: select spindle or ovate Fructus Tsaoko kind, selected plant age 6~8 years, strain shape is compact, it is vigorous to grow, plant without pest and disease damage, abandons two, stays centre in the fruit ear that result is many;
(2) seed treatment: tear peel before sowing off and leave silver gray seed, after soaking 0.5h with sodium carbonate liquor (sodium carbonate and the mixed solution that mass ratio is 1:5000 of water), repeatedly wrap up with masking foil after the wax coat of rubbing removing the surface of the seed, it is placed at shady and cool dark so that it is seed lucifuge 1~February;
(3) selection in nursery forest land: selecting fir forest land, the forest land gradient 10 °, southeast slope aspect, height of tree > 3m, dry high > 1.5m, seeding row spacing 4 × 5m in forest land, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, and without pest and disease damage, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
(4) canopy density adjust: the woods of canopy density > 0.75 are carried out layering pruning, make uniform light scattering come in, shelter from heat or light canopy density < 0.6% branch and leaf under pruning, and finally making forest land canopy density is 0.6~0.75;
(5) wholely: remove the weeds under forest land and undershrub, by soil deep tillage 10~25cm, go to cut weeds and root system, make soil the most in small, broken bits, and apply the mixed material (three's mass ratio is 90:4:0.1) of fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer;Do growth 1~3m, wide 1.2~the ridge of 1.5m according to landform again, and each ridge intersects anyhow in " product " font, makes flowing water between each ridge unobstructed, to wait to sow;
(6) sowing: use and disseminate or drilling, in annual December, with every mu of application rate for 9kg by the planting seed of step (2) on the ridge of step (5), after planting earthing 3~4cm, and carry out patting with compacting soil with spade;
(7) irrigate: every ridge is carried out overlay film, and carries out drip irrigation according to soil moisture content, control soil moisture > 50%;
(8) draining: gutter, and drainage trenching around nursery forest land are stayed in interval, every ridge 20~40cm;
(9) management: open overlay film when Fructus Tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carries out the seedling management such as weeding and thinning work, when Fructus Tsaoko Seedling length to > 45cm, i.e. completes nursery, can transplant.
This example nursery Fructus Tsaoko emergence rate reaches 90%, and Fructus Tsaoko Seedling is not impacted by the frost in the end of the year, and Seedling neat and consistent, and pest and disease damage is less.
Embodiment 3
Address, nursery forest land: Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province Maguan County Gu Lin Qing Xiang
(1) Fruit variety: select spindle or ovate Fructus Tsaoko kind, selected plant age 6~8 years, strain shape is compact, it is vigorous to grow, plant without pest and disease damage, abandons two, stays centre in the fruit ear that result is many;
(2) seed treatment: tear peel before sowing off and leave silver gray seed, after soaking 0.5h with sodium carbonate liquor (sodium carbonate and the mixed solution that mass ratio is 1:5000 of water), repeatedly wrap up with masking foil after the wax coat of rubbing removing the surface of the seed, it is placed at shady and cool dark so that it is seed lucifuge 1~February;
(3) selection in nursery forest land: select Anlnus nepalensis and the mixed forest forest land of a small amount of pinus yunnanensis faranch, the forest land gradient 10 °, southeast slope aspect, height of tree > 3m, dry high > 1.5m in forest land, seeding row spacing 4 × 5m, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, and without pest and disease damage, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
(4) canopy density adjust: the woods of canopy density > 0.75 are carried out layering pruning, make uniform light scattering come in, shelter from heat or light canopy density < 0.6% branch and leaf under pruning, and finally making forest land canopy density is 0.6~0.75;
(5) wholely: remove the weeds under forest land and undershrub, by soil deep tillage 10~25cm, go to cut weeds and root system, make soil the most in small, broken bits, and apply the mixed material (three's mass ratio is 100:6:0.3) of fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer;Do growth 1~3m, wide 1.2~the ridge of 1.5m according to landform again, and each ridge intersects anyhow in " product " font, makes flowing water between each ridge unobstructed, to wait to sow;
(6) sowing: use and disseminate or drilling, in annual December, with every mu of application rate for 10kg by the planting seed of step (2) on the ridge of step (5), after planting earthing 3~4cm, and carry out patting with compacting soil with spade;
(7) irrigate: every ridge is carried out overlay film, and carries out drip irrigation according to soil moisture content, control soil moisture > 50%;
(8) draining: gutter, and drainage trenching around nursery forest land are stayed in interval, every ridge 20~40cm;
(9) management: open overlay film when Fructus Tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carries out the seedling management such as weeding and thinning work, when Fructus Tsaoko Seedling length to > 45cm, i.e. completes nursery, can transplant.
This example nursery Fructus Tsaoko emergence rate reaches 92%, and Fructus Tsaoko Seedling is not impacted by the frost in the end of the year, and Seedling neat and consistent, and pest and disease damage is less.

Claims (5)

1. the bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko, it is characterised in that through following each step:
(1) Fruit variety: select spindle or ovate Fructus Tsaoko kind, selected plant age 6~8 years, strain shape is compact, it is vigorous to grow, plant without pest and disease damage, abandons two, stays centre in the fruit ear that result is many;
(2) seed treatment: tear peel before sowing off and leave seed, after soaking in sodium carbonate solution 0.5h, repeatedly wraps up with masking foil after the wax coat of rubbing removing the surface of the seed, is placed at shady and cool dark so that it is seed lucifuge 1~February;
(3) selection in nursery forest land: selecting evergreen broadleaf forest, Coniferous forest or the forest land of mixed forest, timbered soil fertile soil is deep fertile, without pest and disease damage, irrigation and drainage are convenient;
(4) canopy density adjust: adjusting forest land canopy density is 0.6~0.75;
(5) wholely: remove the weeds under forest land and undershrub, by soil deep tillage 10~25cm, go to cut weeds and root system, make soil the most in small, broken bits, and apply fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and the mixed material of trace-element fertilizer;Do growth 1~3m, wide 1.2~the ridge of 1.5m according to landform again, and each ridge intersects in " product " font, to wait to sow anyhow;
(6) sowing: use and disseminate or drilling, in annual December, with every mu of application rate be 8~10kg by the planting seed of step (2) on the ridge of step (5), after planting earthing 3~4cm, and patting with compacting soil;
(7) irrigate: every ridge is carried out overlay film, and carries out drip irrigation according to soil moisture content, control soil moisture > 50%;
(8) draining: gutter, and drainage trenching around nursery forest land are stayed in interval, every ridge 20~40cm;
(9) management: open overlay film when Fructus Tsaoko grows 1~2 true leaf, carry out seedling management work, when Fructus Tsaoko Seedling length to > 45cm, i.e. complete nursery.
The bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the sodium carbonate liquor of described step (2) is the mixed solution that mass ratio is 1:5000 of sodium carbonate and water.
The bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the forest land gradient of described step (3) 10 °, south or southeast slope aspect, height of tree > 3m, dry high > 1.5m, seeding row spacing 4 × 5m in forest land.
The bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is to canopy density that the canopy density of described step (4) adjust the woods of 0.75 carry out layering and prune, sheltering from heat or light canopy density < 0.6 branch and leaf under pruning, finally making forest land canopy density is 0.6~0.75.
The bionical method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Tsaoko the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mixed material of the fertilizer of described step (5), phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer is in mass ratio for (90~100) by commercial for routine fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer and trace-element fertilizer: (4~6): (0.1~0.3) carries out mixing the mixture of gained.
CN201610322422.XA 2016-05-16 2016-05-16 A kind of bionical method for culturing seedlings of tsaoko Active CN105875166B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112021093A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-04 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Bionic seedling raising method for amomum tsao-ko
CN112021092A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-04 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Amomum tsaoko planting method with high survival rate
CN112075272A (en) * 2020-09-24 2020-12-15 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Green pest and disease damage prevention and control method for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko
CN112136805A (en) * 2020-09-24 2020-12-29 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Maintenance device for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko and use method

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CN103262735A (en) * 2013-05-16 2013-08-28 黄振忠 Amomum tsao-ko seedling cultivating method
CN104094744A (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-15 黄振忠 Amomum tsaoko planting method
CN104429816A (en) * 2014-11-20 2015-03-25 德宏傣族景颇族自治州林业局 Large-scale moisture regulation and control method for promoting growth of amomum tsao-ko
CN104718943A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-24 云南农业大学 Method for improving yield of Amomum tsao-ko through flower thinning
CN104718942A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-24 云南农业大学 Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match
CN104838762A (en) * 2015-05-21 2015-08-19 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 Method for promoting germination of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie seed

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104094744A (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-15 黄振忠 Amomum tsaoko planting method
CN103262735A (en) * 2013-05-16 2013-08-28 黄振忠 Amomum tsao-ko seedling cultivating method
CN104429816A (en) * 2014-11-20 2015-03-25 德宏傣族景颇族自治州林业局 Large-scale moisture regulation and control method for promoting growth of amomum tsao-ko
CN104718943A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-24 云南农业大学 Method for improving yield of Amomum tsao-ko through flower thinning
CN104718942A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-24 云南农业大学 Method for improving population yield of Amomum tsao-ko through type match
CN104838762A (en) * 2015-05-21 2015-08-19 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 Method for promoting germination of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie seed

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112021093A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-04 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Bionic seedling raising method for amomum tsao-ko
CN112021092A (en) * 2020-09-18 2020-12-04 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Amomum tsaoko planting method with high survival rate
CN112075272A (en) * 2020-09-24 2020-12-15 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Green pest and disease damage prevention and control method for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko
CN112136805A (en) * 2020-09-24 2020-12-29 福贡云能产业开发有限公司 Maintenance device for standardized planting of amomum tsao-ko and use method

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