CN105875166A - Amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a grass fruit imitation seedling growth method, which comprises specific steps such as variety selection, seed treatment, forest land selection for seedling cultivation, land preparation, sowing, irrigation, drainage, seedling stage management and the like. The invention can make full use of the land resources under the forest without occupying the cultivated land; it does not need to set up a shade shed, the operation is convenient, the procedure is simple, and the cost is low; , and can avoid frost damage, less disease, adapt to the environment faster after transplanting, and it is easier to achieve fast growth, stable yield, and high yield; it is easy to apply and popularize in production.

Description

A kind of grass fruit imitation growth seedling method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials (forest economy), and in particular relates to a method for imitating seedling growth of Tsaoko.

Background technique

Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire is a perennial herb in the Zingiberaceae genus Cardamom. The essential oil extracted from the fruit of Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire is used in medicine and spice industry; Amomum tsao-ko is a favorite condiment and traditional One of the traditional Chinese medicines, wild grass fruit grows in the subtropical rainy forest zone, mainly distributed in parts of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces in China, as well as parts of northern Vietnam and Laos.

Tsaoko is one of the commodities with both food and medicine. With the improvement of people's living standards and health needs, the demand for Tsaoko is increasing. To carry out artificial cultivation of Tsaoguo, we must first solve the problem of Tsaoguo seedling cultivation. But now people carry out grass fruit seedling cultivation and generally have the defects that the emergence rate is low, vulnerable to frost damage and susceptible to disease.

Imitation seedlings refer to using the natural reproduction and growth characteristics of the forest to sow the seeds to be bred in the most suitable forest, making full use of various favorable conditions such as temperature, light, water, air, soil and beneficial microorganisms in the forest to achieve A technical means of raising seedlings. The imitation seedlings can also effectively use land resources, do not occupy cultivated land, and do not need to build shade nets.

Chinese invention patent application 201310180080.9 discloses a method for cultivating Tsaoguo seedlings. This application only involves the general field seedling raising technology of Tsaoguo, and there are still problems such as occupying cultivated land and low emergence rate.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems of low seedling emergence rate, susceptibility to frost damage and susceptibility to disease, the invention provides a method for imitating grass fruit seedling growth, which can not only make full use of under-forest land resources without occupying cultivated land, but also effectively increase the emergence rate.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a method for imitating seedling growth of Tsaoguo, through the following steps:

(1) Variety selection: choose spindle-shaped or oval Tsaoguo varieties, choose plants with a plant age of 6 to 8 years, compact plant shape, vigorous growth, and no pests and diseases. Discard two ends of fruit ears and keep the middle;

(2) Seed treatment: tear off the peel before sowing to leave silver-gray seeds, soak in sodium carbonate solution for 0.5h, rub repeatedly to remove the waxy layer on the surface of the seeds, wrap them in tinfoil, and place them in a cool and dark place. The seeds are protected from light for 1-2 months;

(3) Selection of nursery forest land: choose evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest or mixed forest land (such as wax gourd tree or fir tree, etc.), the soil of the forest land has deep and fertile humus, no pests and diseases, and convenient irrigation and drainage;

(4) Canopy density adjustment: adjust the forest canopy density to 0.6-0.75;

(5) Soil preparation: Clear the weeds and small shrubs under the forest, plow the soil 10-25cm deep, remove the weeds and root system, make the soil fully finely divided, and apply a mixture of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer; Then make ridges with a length of 1-3m and a width of 1.2-1.5m according to the terrain, and each ridge crosses horizontally and vertically in the shape of "pin", so that the water between each ridge is smooth and ready for sowing;

(6) Sowing: Sow the seeds of step (2) on the ridge of step (5) in December every year with a seeding rate of 8-10kg per mu, cover the soil with 3-4cm after sowing, and use a shovel beating to compact the soil;

(7) Irrigation: Mulch each ridge with film, and perform drip irrigation according to the soil moisture, and control the soil moisture to >50%;

(8) Drainage: leave drainage ditches at intervals of 20 to 40 cm for each ridge, and dig drainage ditches around the seedling nursery land;

(9) Management: When the grass fruit grows 1 to 2 true leaves, the film is opened, and the seedling management work such as weeding and thinning is carried out. When the grass fruit seedling grows to >45cm, the seedling cultivation is completed and can be transplanted.

The sodium carbonate solution in the step (2) is a mixed solution in which the mass ratio of sodium carbonate to water is 1:5000.

In the step (3), the slope of the woodland is <10°, south or southeast, the height of trees in the woodland is more than 3m, the height of trunk is more than 1.5m, and the distance between trees and rows is 4×5m.

The adjustment of the canopy density in the step (4) is to perform layered pruning on the forests with a canopy density > 0.75, so that the light can be evenly scattered in, and shade the canopy density < 0.6% with the pruned branches and leaves, and finally make the woodland The canopy density is 0.6-0.75.

The mixed material of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the step (5) is the mass ratio of conventional commercially available organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer (90-100): (4-6): (0.1 to 0.3) the mixture obtained by mixing.

The advantages and effects of the present invention: the present invention limits the location of the forest land, the slope aspect, the slope, the selection of tree species, the control of the canopy density of the forest, and limits the arrangement of the ridges to be in the shape of "pin", so that the flowing water can meander to increase the air humidity, etc. . Compared with the traditional seedling cultivation, the present invention has the following advantages: ①The traditional seedling cultivation needs to build a shade net, because the shade net is closer to the ground and causes a large number of grass fruit seedlings to die when frost occurs, while the forest trees are higher (the height of the frost fall) and the leaves are separated. Layer grass fruit is less susceptible to frost or is lighter; ②When the grass fruit seedlings are cultivated in the field and planted on the mountain, due to the unadapted environment, they have the characteristics of dead seedlings and a longer slow seedling period, and the understory grass fruit seedlings have a lower mortality rate, a shorter slow seedling period, and early fruiting, etc. Advantages; ③Under-forest sowing environment is suitable for seed germination, and the emergence rate is high; ④Continuous cropping in traditional fields all year round, there are more pathogens left in the soil, and the disease rate of grass fruit seedlings is higher, while the infection rate of seedlings in forest land is lower; ⑤Under-forest seedlings are not Occupying arable land, there is no need to build shade nets, and the cost of using local materials is low. The invention can make full use of the under-forest land resources without occupying cultivated land; it does not need to set up shade sheds, and is easy to operate, simple in process and low in cost; the grass fruit emergence rate reaches 85% to 90%, which is 10% to 20% higher than that of the prior art , and can avoid frost damage, less disease, adapt to the environment quickly after transplanting, and it is easier to achieve fast growth, stable yield, and high yield; it is easy to apply and popularize in production.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below through specific implementation examples.

Example 1

Address of nursery land: Next to Dahao Reservoir, Maguan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province

(1) Variety selection: choose spindle-shaped or oval Tsaoguo varieties, choose plants with a plant age of 6-8 years, compact plant shape, vigorous growth, and no pests and diseases, and discard two ends of fruit ears and keep the middle;

(2) Seed treatment: peel off the peel before sowing to leave silver-gray seeds, soak in sodium carbonate solution (a mixed solution with a mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water of 1:5000) for 0.5h, and rub repeatedly to remove the wax on the surface of the seeds After the layer, wrap it with tinfoil and put it in a cool and dark place to keep the seeds away from light for 1-2 months;

(3) Selection of nursery forest land: choose wax gourd woodland, forest land slope 8°, south slope, tree height > 5m, dry height > 2m, plant row spacing 4×5m, canopy density 80%, woodland soil humus The soil is deep and fertile, free from pests and diseases, and convenient for drainage and irrigation;

(4) Adjustment of canopy density: layered pruning, so that the light can be evenly scattered in, and finally the canopy density of the forest land is 0.65;

(5) Soil preparation: Clear the weeds and small shrubs under the forest, plow the soil 10-25cm deep, remove the weeds and roots, make the soil fully finely crushed, and apply a mixture of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer ( The mass ratio of the three is 95:4.8:0.2); and then according to the terrain, make ridges with a length of 1-3m and a width of 1.2-1.5m, and each ridge crosses horizontally and vertically in the shape of a "pin", so that the water flowing between each ridge is smooth, so as to to be sown;

(6) Sowing: Sowing or drilling, in December every year, sow the seeds of step (2) on the ridge of step (5) at a seeding rate of 8kg per mu, cover the soil with 3-4cm after sowing, and beat with a shovel to compact the soil;

(7) Irrigation: Mulch each ridge with film, and perform drip irrigation according to the soil moisture, and control the soil moisture to >50%;

(8) Drainage: leave drainage ditches at intervals of 20 to 40 cm for each ridge, and dig drainage ditches around the seedling nursery land;

(9) Management: When the grass fruit grows 1 to 2 true leaves, the film is opened, and the seedling management work such as weeding and thinning is carried out. When the grass fruit seedling grows to >45cm, the seedling cultivation is completed and can be transplanted.

In this example, the emergence rate of Tsaoko seedlings reached 91%, and the frost at the end of the year did not affect the Tsaoko seedlings, and the seedlings were neat and consistent, and there were few pests and diseases.

Example 2

Address of nursery forest land: Gulinqing Township, Maguan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province

(1) Variety selection: choose spindle-shaped or oval Tsaoguo varieties, choose plants with a plant age of 6-8 years, compact plant shape, vigorous growth, and no pests and diseases, and discard two ends of fruit ears and keep the middle;

(2) Seed treatment: peel off the peel before sowing to leave silver-gray seeds, soak in sodium carbonate solution (a mixed solution with a mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water of 1:5000) for 0.5h, and rub repeatedly to remove the wax on the surface of the seeds After the layer, wrap it with tinfoil and put it in a cool and dark place to keep the seeds away from light for 1-2 months;

(3) Selection of nursery forest land: choose Chinese fir forest land, forest land slope < 10°, southeast slope aspect, tree height > 3m, dry height > 1.5m, spacing between plants and rows 4×5m, woodland soil with deep and fertile humus, No pests and diseases, convenient drainage and irrigation;

(4) Adjustment of canopy density: Prune forests with canopy density > 0.75 in layers to scatter light evenly, and shade with pruned branches and leaves for canopy density < 0.6%, so that the canopy density of the forest land is finally 0.6～0.75;

(5) Soil preparation: Clear the weeds and small shrubs under the forest, plow the soil 10-25cm deep, remove the weeds and roots, make the soil fully finely crushed, and apply a mixture of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer ( The mass ratio of the three is 90:4:0.1); then according to the terrain, make ridges with a length of 1-3m and a width of 1.2-1.5m, and each ridge crosses horizontally and vertically in the shape of a "pin", so that the water flowing between each ridge is smooth, so as to to be sown;

(6) Sowing: Sowing or drilling, in December every year, sow the seeds of step (2) on the ridge of step (5) at a seeding rate of 9kg per mu, cover the soil with 3-4cm after sowing, and beat with a shovel to compact the soil;

(7) Irrigation: Mulch each ridge with film, and perform drip irrigation according to the soil moisture, and control the soil moisture to >50%;

(8) Drainage: leave drainage ditches at intervals of 20 to 40 cm for each ridge, and dig drainage ditches around the seedling nursery land;

(9) Management: When the grass fruit grows 1 to 2 true leaves, the film is opened, and the seedling management work such as weeding and thinning is carried out. When the grass fruit seedling grows to >45cm, the seedling cultivation is completed and can be transplanted.

In this example, the emergence rate of Tsaoko seedlings reached 90%. The frost at the end of the year did not affect the Tsaoko seedlings, and the seedlings were neat and consistent, with fewer pests and diseases.

Example 3

Address of nursery forest land: Gulinqing Township, Maguan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province

(1) Variety selection: choose spindle-shaped or oval Tsaoguo varieties, choose plants with a plant age of 6-8 years, compact plant shape, vigorous growth, and no pests and diseases, and discard two ends of fruit ears and keep the middle;

(2) Seed treatment: peel off the peel before sowing to leave silver-gray seeds, soak in sodium carbonate solution (a mixed solution with a mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water of 1:5000) for 0.5h, and rub repeatedly to remove the wax on the surface of the seeds After the layer, wrap it with tinfoil and put it in a cool and dark place to keep the seeds away from light for 1-2 months;

(3) Selection of nursery land: choose mixed forest land of wax gourd and a small amount of yunnan pine, the slope of the forest land is <10°, the southeast slope direction, the tree height in the forest land is >3m, the dry height is >1.5m, the spacing between plants and rows is 4×5m, and the forest land The humus soil is deep and fertile, free from pests and diseases, and easy to drain and irrigate;

(4) Adjustment of canopy density: Prune forests with canopy density > 0.75 in layers to scatter light evenly, and shade with pruned branches and leaves for canopy density < 0.6%, so that the canopy density of the forest land is finally 0.6～0.75;

(5) Soil preparation: Clear the weeds and small shrubs under the forest, plow the soil 10-25cm deep, remove the weeds and roots, make the soil fully finely crushed, and apply a mixture of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer ( The mass ratio of the three is 100:6:0.3); then according to the terrain, make a ridge with a length of 1-3m and a width of 1.2-1.5m, and each ridge crosses horizontally and vertically in the shape of a "pin", so that the water flowing between each ridge is smooth, so as to to be sown;

(6) Sowing: Sowing or drilling, in December every year, sow the seeds of step (2) on the ridge of step (5) at a seeding rate of 10kg per mu, cover the soil with 3-4cm after sowing, and beat with a shovel to compact the soil;

(7) Irrigation: Mulch each ridge with film, and perform drip irrigation according to the soil moisture, and control the soil moisture to >50%;

(8) Drainage: leave drainage ditches at intervals of 20 to 40 cm for each ridge, and dig drainage ditches around the seedling nursery land;

(9) Management: When the grass fruit grows 1 to 2 true leaves, the film is opened, and the seedling management work such as weeding and thinning is carried out. When the grass fruit seedling grows to >45cm, the seedling cultivation is completed and can be transplanted.

In this example, the emergence rate of Tsaoko seedlings reached 92%, and the frost at the end of the year did not affect the Tsaoko seedlings, and the seedlings were neat and consistent, with fewer pests and diseases.

Claims (5)

1. a method for imitating growing seedlings of Tsaoguo is characterized in that through the following steps: (1) Variety selection: choose spindle-shaped or oval Tsaoguo varieties, choose plants with a plant age of 6 to 8 years, compact plant shape, vigorous growth, and no pests and diseases. Discard two ends of fruit ears and keep the middle; (2) Seed treatment: tear off the peel before sowing and leave the seeds, soak in sodium carbonate solution for 0.5h, rub repeatedly to remove the waxy layer on the surface of the seeds, wrap them in tin foil, and place them in a cool and dark place to make the seeds Avoid light for 1-2 months; (3) Selection of nursery forest land: choose evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest or mixed forest land, the soil of the forest land has deep humus, no pests and diseases, and convenient drainage and irrigation; (4) Canopy density adjustment: adjust the forest canopy density to 0.6-0.75; (5) Soil preparation: Clear the weeds and small shrubs under the forest, plow the soil 10-25cm deep, remove the weeds and root system, make the soil fully finely divided, and apply a mixture of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer; Then make a ridge with a length of 1-3m and a width of 1.2-1.5m according to the terrain, and each ridge crosses horizontally and vertically in the shape of "pin", waiting for sowing; (6) Sowing: Sow the seeds of step (2) on the ridge of step (5) in December every year with a seeding rate of 8-10kg per mu, cover with soil 3-4cm after sowing, and pat to compact the soil; (7) Irrigation: Mulch each ridge with film, and perform drip irrigation according to the soil moisture, and control the soil moisture to >50%; (8) Drainage: leave drainage ditches at intervals of 20 to 40 cm for each ridge, and dig drainage ditches around the seedling nursery land; (9) Management: When the grass fruit grows 1 to 2 true leaves, the film is opened, and the seedling management is carried out. When the grass fruit seedling grows to >45cm, the seedling cultivation is completed. 2. The method for imitating seedling growth of Tsaoguo according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sodium carbonate solution in the step (2) is a mixed solution with a mass ratio of sodium carbonate and water of 1:5000. 3. The method for imitating Tsaoguo seedling growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slope of the woodland in the step (3) is <10°, south or southeast slope, the tree height in the woodland is >3m, and the dry height is >1.5m , plant row spacing 4 × 5m. 4. The method of Caoguo imitation seedling growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: the adjustment of canopy density in the step (4) is to carry out layered pruning for forests with canopy density > 0.75, and for canopy density < 0.6 The pruned branches and leaves are used for shading, and finally the canopy density of the forest land is 0.6-0.75. 5. The Caoguo imitation growing seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixture of organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in the step (5) is a combination of conventional commercially available organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and The trace element fertilizer is a mixture obtained by mixing the mass ratio of (90-100):(4-6):(0.1-0.3).