CN103782745A - High-yield cultivation technique for southern fresh edible red jujube - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation technique for southern fresh edible red jujube Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782745A CN103782745A CN201210430459.6A CN201210430459A CN103782745A CN 103782745 A CN103782745 A CN 103782745A CN 201210430459 A CN201210430459 A CN 201210430459A CN 103782745 A CN103782745 A CN 103782745A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation technique for southern fresh edible red jujube. Jianghuai No.1 is taken as a main cultivation product variety, Early Cuilingzao is collocated appropriately, interline companion planting and dwarf close planting are adopted, and high-yield edible fresh jujube is obtained. The Jianghuai No.1 cultivated by the method is uniform in fruit size, crispy in taste, red, rich in juice and sweet, sour and delicious, average weight of single fruits is 25 grams, maximum fruit weight reaches 65 grams, a white-ripe period starts from the end of August, and a period of full ripeness starts from early September. The Early Cuilingzao is delicate in taste of fruits, more in juice and concentrated sweet and slightly sour, average weight of single fruits is 14 grams, a ripe period is in mid August, quality reaches first-class level, and technical means are provided for high-level development of industrial level of the southern edible fresh jujube.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique.
Background technology
Red jujube tree is one of important deciduous fruit tree kind of China, has been acknowledged as Chinese exclusive seeds, and 99% jujube product of whole world consumption all derives from China.No matter, the purposes such as the health care of edible angle, traditional Chinese medicine application and jujube fruit, all demonstrate red date and there is stronger space, domestic and international market.But south China Zizyphus jujuba Mill industry is produced upper, breeding quantity is few, and breed structure is imperfect, and the factor such as yield poorly, has restricted the south China each province Zizyphus jujuba Mill industry level of production to high-level development.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique.Selecting Yangze river and Huai river is for No. 1 main cultivation product kind, and suitably early crisp bell jujube of collocation, adopts companion planting in the ranks, downgrades dense planting, obtains the edible fresh jujube of high yield high yield.
The southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique of one provided by the present invention, is to select No. 1, Yangze river and Huai river and early crisp bell jujube is by 3:1 companion planting in the ranks, and distance between rows and hills adopts 3 × 3 meters of dense planting; Backfill 5～10 kilograms of high-quality decomposed manures in every hole when plantation, adopt " three bury two step on one carry seedling " mode, make nursery stock rhizome still in ground level, and the time of planting is annual March～April or 10～November.
After described cultivation, manage, after planting, fill with once permeable, filled with time water every 3～5 days later, connect and fill with 2～3 times; Sprout after sprouting spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, urea of every strain 15～20 days; Late November～early December, spread manuer in holes 10～15 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers of every strain; Late December, fill with foot winter water.
Described pruning, transplanted plantlet is surely dry in 40～50 centimeters, and when the height of tree, 2.2～2.5 meters cut off top, and to giving over to the primary tiller pinching of cultivation results, Secondary Branch, with personal attendant's pinching, adopts low dry short hat globular model; To major branch and in dry elongated shoot, jujube head branch terminal bud appropriateness light pruning is returned and is cut.
Described high-yield cultivating, Shi Duizao early summer ploughs 10～20 centimetres in garden, before winter irrigation, in garden, ploughs comprehensively, and 15～20 centimetres of the degree of depth, concentrate landfill by dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds, thoroughly clear garden; Spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, nitrogenous fertilizer of every strain before annual rudiment in March, spend first 5～10 days, spread manuer in holes 1.5～2.0 kilograms, nitrogenous fertilizer of every strain, full-bloom stage spraying concentration is for O.2～0.3% potash fertilizer or urea leaf are as leaven, spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer of strong fruit every strain of phase, after fruit picking in autumn, every strain spread manuer in holes 1.5～2 kilograms of 10～15 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers or composite fertilizers; The strong fruit phase fills with once permeable, fills with December once permeable; The full-bloom stage tender tip of unnecessary jujube head of in good time erasing, the gibberellin of 500 times of liquid of spray.
The described extermination of disease and insect pest, winter, clear garden, struck off bark from old tress, wiped out worm branch, transported outside garden and destroyed; After jujube tree rudiment in spring, with 500～1000 times of ddvp emulsions or chlorophos sprinkling; Young fruit period sprays 1000～1500 times of dichlorvos or 1000 times in good time and goes out and sweep most liquid; Coccid, longicorn endanger serious tree body, with using film bundling after the stem brush of 5-10 times of flolimat liquid.
The present invention is take No. 1, Yangze river and Huai river as main cultivation product kind, and suitably early crisp bell jujube of collocation, adopts companion planting in the ranks, downgrades dense planting, obtains the edible fresh jujube of high yield high yield.Utilize No. 1, the Yangze river and Huai river of this method cultivation, fruit size is neat, mouthfeel red crisp, juice abundant, sweet acid is good to eat, 25 grams of mean fruit weights, maximum fruit weighs 65 grams, enters by the end of August the white ripe phase, early September enters full ripening stage.Early crisp bell jujube pulp mouthfeel delicacy, more, the dense sweet slightly micro-acid of tool of juice, 14 grams of mean fruit weights, in 8 middle of the month of maturing stage, quality reaches first-class level, for the edible fresh jujube industrialization level in south provides technological means to high-level development.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
A kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique, is that selection Yangze river and Huai river is for No. 1 main cultivation product kind, and suitably early crisp bell jujube of collocation, adopts companion planting in the ranks, downgrades dense planting, the edible fresh jujube of acquisition high yield high yield.
One, jujube garden planning
1, kind is selected: be that selection Yangze river and Huai river is for No. 1 main cultivation product kind, suitably early crisp bell jujube of collocation, adopts companion planting in the ranks, and main breed is advisable with 3:1 with the kind ratio of arranging in pairs or groups.
2, soil is selected: select that subterranean water level is low, supporting, the water source of the row's of filling canal and having a good transport service, soil layer is thick, be rich in organic location.
3, seeding row spacing is determined: distance between rows and hills adopts 3 × 3 meters of planting cultures.
4, method for planting and the time: the hole of digging 60 × 60 centimetres of dark 80 centimetres, bore while planting, 5～10 kilograms of high-quality decomposed manures of every hole backfill, banket after 20 centimetres and plant seedlings, adopt " three bury two step on one carry seedling " mode, make nursery stock rhizome still in ground level, the time of planting is annual March～April or 10～November.
Two, plant rear management
1, fill with once permeable after planting, later according to ground moistening situation, filled with time water every 3～5 days, connect and fill with 2～3 times, and shallow loosening the soil in good time, remove weeds in tree dish.
2, sprout after sprouting 15～20 days, roundedly in every strain tree dish dig 4～5 shallow caves, apply 1.0～1.5 kilograms, urea.
3, late November～early December, 4～6 shallow caves are dug in every strain, execute 10～15 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers.
4, late December, fill with foot winter water.
Three, pruning
1, reduce height: transplanted plantlet is surely dry in 40～50 centimeters, cuts off all Secondary Branchs, cuts off top in the time that the height of tree reaches 2.2～2.5 meters.To giving over to the primary tiller pinching of cultivation results, stay 50 Secondary Branch pinching, Secondary Branch is with personal attendant's pinching.1st～3 Secondary Branchs of base portion stay 6～7 joint pinching, and 4th～5, middle part Secondary Branch stays 4～5 joint pinching, and 6th～7, top Secondary Branch stays 2～3 joint pinching, forms up-narrow and down-wide taper shape, bud picking in time after pinching.Adopt low dry short hat globular model, dry high 40～50 centimetres, large and medium-sized fruit branch group is directly alternate raw on trunk, stays fruit-bearing shoot cluster more.
2, dormant pruning: to major branch and in dry elongated shoot, jujube head branch terminal bud appropriateness light pruning is returned and is cut.When cutting, winter adopts for withered splitting branch, sick branch, juxtaposition branch, sagging weak branch the mode regenerative pruning that removes, bounces back.
3, prune vegetative period: to newly sprouting then the tender tip of jujube head, as master, side shoot elongated shoot, have developmenting space to extract growth terminal bud 4～September; Erase or heavy pinching processing from base portion without developmenting space.Adopt excision terminal bud or heavy pinching to be controlled the dry elongated shoot of central authorities leader in the season of growth.
Four, high-yield cultivating
1, soil management: Shi Duizao early summer ploughs in garden 10～20 centimetres, strengthens soil permeability, cuts off tree surface layer fibrous root, impels root system to grow to deep layer expansion.Before winter irrigation, in garden, plough, 15～20 centimetres of the degree of depth, concentrate landfill by dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds, thoroughly clear garden comprehensively.
2, fertilising: spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, nitrogenous fertilizer of every strain before annual rudiment in March.Spend first 5～10 days, spread manuer in holes 1.5～2.0 kilograms, nitrogenous fertilizer of every strain.Full-bloom stage spraying concentration is for O.2～0.3% potash fertilizer or urea leaf are as leaven.Spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer of strong fruit every strain of phase.After fruit picking in autumn, every strain spread manuer in holes 1.5～2 kilograms of 10～15 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers or composite fertilizers.
3, irrigation management: the strong fruit phase fills with once permeable, fills with once permeable December.
4, flower and fruit protecting: execute ingeniously Hua Qianfei, the full-bloom stage tender tip of unnecessary jujube head of in good time erasing, retains the in good time pinching of jujube head, the gibberellin of 500 times of liquid of spray.After fruit picking, use sufficient fertilizer, pest control in time, controls insect pest and spreads.
5, wrap up trunk with straw when winter low temperature, carry out antifreezing measures.
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, winter clear garden, strike off bark from old tress, wipe out worm branch, transport outside garden and destroy.
2,, after jujube tree rudiment, for preventing the larva of moth class, looper, caterpillar the blade of causing harm, spray with 500～1000 times of ddvp emulsions or chlorophos.
3, young fruit period sprays 1000～1500 times of dichlorvos or 1000 times in good time and goes out and sweep most liquid and prevent from eating fruit insect.
4, indivedual coccids, longicorn endanger serious tree body, with using film bundling after the stem brush of 5-10 times of flolimat liquid.
Claims (5)
- , a kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique, it is characterized in that: select No. 1, Yangze river and Huai river with crisp bell jujube early by 3:1 companion planting in the ranks, 3 × 3 meters of dense planting of distance between rows and hills employing; Backfill 5～10 kilograms of high-quality decomposed manures in every hole when plantation, adopt " three bury two step on one carry seedling " mode, make nursery stock rhizome still in ground level, and the time of planting is annual March～April or 10～November.
- 2. a kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described cultivation, manage, fill with once permeable after planting, fill with time water later every 3～5 days, connect and fill with 2～3 times; Sprout after sprouting spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, urea of every strain 15～20 days; Late November～early December, spread manuer in holes 10～15 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers of every strain; Late December, fill with foot winter water.
- 3. a kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pruning, transplanted plantlet is surely dry in 40～50 centimeters, when the height of tree, 2.2～2.5 meters cut off top, to giving over to the primary tiller pinching of cultivation results, Secondary Branch, with personal attendant's pinching, adopts low dry short hat globular model; To major branch and in dry elongated shoot, jujube head branch terminal bud appropriateness light pruning is returned and is cut.
- 4. a kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described high-yield cultivating, and Shi Duizao early summer ploughs in garden 10～20 centimetres, before winter irrigation, in garden, plough 15～20 centimetres of the degree of depth comprehensively, dry branches and fallen leaves and weeds are concentrated to landfill, thoroughly clear garden; Spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, nitrogenous fertilizer of every strain before annual rudiment in March, spend first 5～10 days, spread manuer in holes 1.5～2.0 kilograms, nitrogenous fertilizer of every strain, full-bloom stage spraying concentration is for O.2～0.3% potash fertilizer or urea leaf are as leaven, spread manuer in holes 1.0～1.5 kilograms, phosphate fertilizer of strong fruit every strain of phase, after fruit picking in autumn, every strain spread manuer in holes 1.5～2 kilograms of 10～15 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers or composite fertilizers; The strong fruit phase fills with once permeable, fills with December once permeable; The full-bloom stage tender tip of unnecessary jujube head of in good time erasing, the gibberellin of 500 times of liquid of spray.
- 5. a kind of southern fresh-eating red jujube high-yield culture technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described extermination of disease and insect pest, and winter, clear garden, struck off bark from old tress, wiped out worm branch, transported outside garden and destroyed; After jujube tree rudiment in spring, with 500～1000 times of ddvp emulsions or chlorophos sprinkling; Young fruit period sprays 1000～1500 times of dichlorvos or 1000 times in good time and goes out and sweep most liquid; Coccid, longicorn endanger serious tree body, with using film bundling after the stem brush of 5-10 times of flolimat liquid.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104041341A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-17 | 王华田 | Chinese jujube tree high-yield pruning method |
| CN104396665A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-11 | 强国生 | Organic red date planting method |
| CN107306744A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-03 | 芜湖县兰馨油桃种植专业合作社 | A kind of jujube High-quality Cultivation method |
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| CN102550354A (en) * | 2012-02-20 | 2012-07-11 | 刘喜平 | High-yield anti-fruit-cracking cultivation method for jujube |
| CN102948352A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-06 | 骆伟伟 | Cultivating method of Guoguang date tree |
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| CN102948352A (en) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-06 | 骆伟伟 | Cultivating method of Guoguang date tree |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104041341A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-17 | 王华田 | Chinese jujube tree high-yield pruning method |
| CN104041341B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-20 | 王华田 | A kind of jujube tree high yield trimming method |
| CN104396665A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-11 | 强国生 | Organic red date planting method |
| CN107306744A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-03 | 芜湖县兰馨油桃种植专业合作社 | A kind of jujube High-quality Cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20140514 |