CN105165351A - High-quality tea high-yield planting method - Google Patents
High-quality tea high-yield planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165351A CN105165351A CN201510616187.2A CN201510616187A CN105165351A CN 105165351 A CN105165351 A CN 105165351A CN 201510616187 A CN201510616187 A CN 201510616187A CN 105165351 A CN105165351 A CN 105165351A
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- tea
- fertilizer
- quality
- planting method
- tealeaves
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality tea high-yield planting method. The method includes the following steps of tea land selection, soil preparation, biogas slurry irrigation and base fertilizer application, planting, fertilizer application, tea garden management, disease prevention and spraying of foliar fertilizer. According to the planting method, the whole process, from tea land selection and building, fertilizer application management to disease and pest prevention, meets the planting requirements of pollution-free tea leaves. In the planting process, different fertilizers can be used and applied reasonably according to nutrient requirements of the tea leaves in different growth stages, the nutrient requirements of Baimao tea can be met, fertilizer losses can be avoided, and in the whole fertilizer application process, organic fertilizers are mainly used, and a small quantity of N, P and K fertilizers are used in combination. The growth of Baimao tea can be accelerated, and the yield of the tea leaves is increased. By means of the planting method, the yield of the tea leaves is increased by about 20%, the color and the taste of the tea leaves are greatly improved, and the tea leaves are more popular with customers in the market.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tea planting technical field, specifically a kind of high-yield planting method of high-quality tea.
Background technology
China is the native place of tealeaves, and be the cradle that the mankind drank tea, planted tea, tea making, tealeaves has the history of more than 6000 year in China.Containing compositions such as catechin, cholestenone, caffeine, inositol, folic acid, pantothenic acid in tealeaves, can promote health, tea-leaf beverage is described as " one of large beverage in the world three ".Along with improving constantly of socioeconomic development and people's living standard, people to the demand of tealeaves also year by year in increase.Tea Production is one of Chinese tradition strong industry, is also simultaneously that Hills Important Agricultural props up strain industry, is that tea grower shakes off poverty and sets out on the road to prosperity, increases the key industry of local revenue.
Bai Maocha, has another name called white high-quality green tea, belongs to green tea, and be one of extraordinary well-known tea of China, white gross tea is completely to drape over one's shoulders fine and soft milli, and Se Bai gains the name as snow.Mainly originate in Lechang County, Guangdong, town and Lingyun county of Guangxi are cut into a mountain by Hengxian County, Renhua County, Guangdong, south china, the tealeaves produced has the white gross tea in Lechang, the white gross tea in South Mountain, Dan Xiabai gross tea respectively, the city of cut into a mountain white gross tea and the white gross tea that reaches the clouds.Bai Maocha it have promote the production of body fluid quench one's thirst, arousing brain, raising spirit, digesting and appetizing, prevent and treat disease vomiting, caries prevention, expeling halitosis, the multiple efficacies such as reduce blood pressure, Chang Yinbai gross tea can health care.
Along with people also constantly improve the requirement of the demand of tealeaves at continuous increase and tea leaf quality, in recent years, the processing technology of technical staff to tealeaves has done deep research, but comparatively rare for the research of Tea planting technology.Generally normative management is not all realized in existing Tea planting process, other people such as such as a large amount of applying pesticides, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicides are measure, cause that the output of tealeaves is lower, local flavor declines, quality reduces, the health of consumer such as to be endangered at the various problems.The output of therefore how to plant the white gross tea of planting pollution-free and the white gross tea of raising is the current technical issues that need to address.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, for current Tea planting Problems existing, provide a kind of high-yield planting method of high quality white gross tea.This implantation methods can according to the growth demand of white gross tea, the rational application of fertilizer, based on fertilizer in whole fertilising process, and fertile in conjunction with a small amount of N, P, K, the growth of white gross tea can be accelerated and improve the output of tealeaves.This method selects the planting requirement built, fertilizing management all to meet non-polluted tea to the whole process of the extermination of disease and insect pest, to improve the quality of white gross tea from tea.
In order to realize above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A high-yield planting method for high-quality tea, comprises the following steps:
1. tea ground is selected: select away from outside city, industrial area and pollution source 5-10km and the soil is porous, fertile, draining is good, light application time is long, soil pH value is that the area of 5.0-6.5 is as tea place;
2. wholely: the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 25-30cm, and ditch depth is 50-60cm, and furrow width is 100-110cm;
3. water natural pond liquid and basal dressing: first at ditch bottom pouring natural pond liquid wholely after ditching, then cover 8-10cm soil layer, every mu is discharged 700-800kg base manure, cover 4-6cm soil layer, soil layer waters natural pond liquid, finally covers 2-3cm soil layer, place and can plant white gross tea after 8-12 days;
4. kind to plant: select Hezhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to cut into a mountain the white gross tea of high-quality as slotting Miho, employing cuttage and seedling culture method is bred, cuttings in matrix after cuttage 2-3 month, well developed root system, height of seedling 30-40cm, get final product field planting to tea place, adopt the two strain pattern plantation of duplicate rows, wide row space is 120-130cm, little line-spacing is 35-40cm, spacing in the rows is 20-30cm, and around tea place, plant margosa in right amount with centre, the planting density of margosa is 20-30/mu;
5. topdress: according to the growing state of tealeaves, topdress 1-3 time every year, the fertilizer of use is tealeaves special fertilizer, and when topdressing, tilth is 10-12cm;
6. tea garden management: will carry out the capable edge pruning of tea every year, keeps the gap of tea in the ranks 25-30cm, when alley limit grows weeds, is manually cut off by weeds;
7. disease control: take spray bacteria agent or utilize trapping lamp, trap or the pest control of manual catching and killing's mode;
8. spray foliage fertilizer: within before tealeaves of gathering 15-20 days, spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, the yield and quality of tealeaves can be improved.
Preferably, the soil pH value described in step 1 can use ferrous sulfate, alum, potassium sulfate and lime to regulate.
Preferably, the base manure described in step 3 comprises the raw material of following weight portion: natural pond slag 120-150 part, fowl and animal excrement 80-100 part, edible fungi residues 60-80 part and tea seed powder 25-30 part.
Preferably, the matrix described in step 4 comprises the raw material of following weight portion: pond sludge 80-100 part, sawdust 30-40 part, bagasse 10-20 part and 0.5-2 part root-inducing powder.
Preferably, the tealeaves special fertilizer described in step 5 comprises the raw material of following weight portion: fowl and animal excrement 100-120 part, bagasse 70-80 part, natural pond slag 50-60 part, humus 10-15 part, urea 12-15 part, potassium sulfate 6-10 part and superphosphate 8-10 part.
Preferably, described in step 7 bacteria agent comprise the raw material of following weight portion: Celastrus angulatus root 10-12 part, chrysanthemum ester 5-6 part, trifoliate jewelvine 6-8 part and folium eucalypti 3-5 part.
Preferably, the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in step 8 comprises the raw material of following weight portion: sodium selenite 8-10 part, fulvic acid 5-8 part, borax 3-4 part, ammonium molybdate 2-3 part, zinc sulphate 0.5-1.5 part, manganese sulphate 0.5-1 part and water 200-300 part.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, implantation methods of the present invention is according to the nutritional need of tealeaves at Different growth phases, uses different fertilizer, the rational application of fertilizer, both can meet the nutritional need of tea tree, also can not cause fertilizer loss; Apply fertilizer to be divided in whole planting process and discharge base manure, topdress and spray foliage fertilizer three phases, when discharging base manure and natural pond liquid be combined, can be tealeaves and comprehensive nutritive element be provided, also extend fertilizer efficiency simultaneously, improve the quality of tealeaves, base manure also can effective controlling disease worm containing tea seed powder; Use tealeaves special fertilizer provided by the invention when topdressing, fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are combined, namely can not cause soil compaction, abundant N, P, K can be provided can to accelerate the growth of tea tree for tealeaves again; Containing abundant selenium and a large amount of trace elements in foliage fertilizer, such that tea tree tender leaf increases, blade thickness, leaf look dark green, color and luster better, delay old leaf senile speed, strengthen disease-resistant, improve the yield and quality of white gross tea.
2, implantation methods of the present invention selects from tea the planting requirement built, fertilizing management all to meet non-polluted tea to the whole process of the extermination of disease and insect pest, described implantation methods can according to the nutritional need of tealeaves at Different growth phases, use different fertilizer, the rational application of fertilizer, both can meet the nutritional need of white gross tea, also can not cause fertilizer loss, based on fertilizer in whole fertilising process, and fertile in conjunction with a small amount of N, P, K, produce white gross tea seed output and quality obtain larger raising.
3, implantation methods of the present invention first waters natural pond liquid after whole trench digging, not only containing very abundant nitrogen in the liquid of natural pond, phosphorus, potassium, each amino acid, vitamin, protein, gibberellin, growth hormone, carbohydrate, nucleic acid and antibiotic etc., natural pond liquid is compared with inorganic fertilizer with fertilizer, to be more prone to absorb by tea tree, can promote that tea shoot is taken root, improve the survival rate of tea shoot, also containing abundant butyric acid in the liquid of natural pond, heteroauxin, cobalamin isoreactivity resisting substance, the resistance of tea tree self can not only be improved, a large amount of larvas and worm's ovum can also be killed.First water natural pond liquid at bottom afterwards at trench digging in planting process, the soil of bottom can not be caused and harden, after discharging base manure, water natural pond liquid again, white gross tea seedling Rapid Rooting can be promoted.
4, implantation methods of the present invention is taked to spray bacteria agent or utilize trapping lamp, trap or manual catching and killing's mode to prevent and treat the sick generation such as white gross tea tree cercosporiosis, anthracnose, root rot, solve the harm and problem of environmental pollution that use agricultural chemicals to bring health, meet the planting requirement of non-polluted tea.
5, implantation methods of the present invention plants margosa in tea place, tea place ecotope can be improved, promoting the benign cycle of Tea Garden Ecosystem, by utilizing margosa to shelter from heat or light, high temperature-proof arid, the effect at anti-strong sunshine being played to tea tree, margosa will be fallen leaves in the winter time, ensure that tea tree has sufficient illumination in the winter time, photosynthesis also can not reduce, and improves the productive rate of tealeaves, the leaf and fruit that falls of margosa both can use as fertilizer, can improve again the disease resistance of tea tree.
6, implantation methods of the present invention from tea select, whole, seed selection, fertilising, planting density is to all strict controlled condition of disease control whole process invention people, compared with existing implantation methods, implantation methods of the present invention is used to make fresh tea leaf in its annual production reach 45-60kg/ mu, output increased about 20%, the quality of tealeaves have also been obtained good improvement, is commercially more in great demand.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but be not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of fertilizer and bacteria agent before plantation tealeaves
The preparation of base manure: count by weight, takes natural pond slag 120-150 part, fowl and animal excrement 80-100 part, edible fungi residues 60-80 part and tea seed powder 25-30 part, each component is mixed, and within 20-25 days, can obtain base manure with the fermentation reactor system method fermentation of routine.
The preparation of tealeaves special fertilizer when topdressing: count by weight, take fowl and animal excrement 100-120 part, after bagasse 70-80 part, natural pond slag 50-60 part, humus 10-15 part mixes, adopt conventional fermentation reactor system 10-15 days, raw material after fermentation is fully mixed with urea 12-15 part, potassium sulfate 6-10 part and superphosphate 8-10 part, tealeaves special fertilizer can be obtained.
The preparation of bacteria agent: count by weight, takes Celastrus angulatus root 10-12 part, chrysanthemum ester 5-6 part, trifoliate jewelvine 6-8 part and folium eucalypti 3-5 part, then adds 180-200 part water and boiled by raw material, boil rear 30-40 minute, filter, in filtrate, add 200-300 water dilution doubly, can bacteria agent be obtained.
The preparation of selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer: count by weight, take 8-10 part sodium selenite, 5-8 part fulvic acid, 3-4 part borax, 2-3 part ammonium molybdate, 0.5-1.5 part zinc sulphate and 0.5-10 part manganese sulphate, raw material dissolves by the water adding 200-300 part again, can obtain selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer.
The cultivation of Bai Maocha seedling: select Hezhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to cut into a mountain the white gross tea of town high-quality as slotting Miho, employing cuttage and seedling culture method is bred, 11-12 month by cuttings in matrix after cuttage 2-3 month, well developed root system, height of seedling 30-40cm, gets final product field planting to tea place.Described matrix comprises: pond sludge 80-100 part, sawdust 30-40 part, bagasse 10-20 part and 0.5-2 part root-inducing powder.
The steps such as implantation methods of the present invention is selected with comprising tea, whole, plantation, fertilising, tea garden management, disease control, concrete Plant plane is as follows:
1. tea ground is selected: tea ground is selected: select Hezhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to cut into a mountain town tea processing factory as proving ground, cultivated area is 10 mu.This tea processing factory selects away from outside city, industrial area and pollution source 5-10km and the soil is porous, fertile, draining is good, light application time is long, soil pH value is that the area of 5.0-6.5 is as tea place;
2. wholely: in by the end of February, 2011 by 10 mu of soil deep ploughings, the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 25-30cm, and ditch depth is 50-60cm, and furrow width is 100-110cm;
3. water natural pond liquid and basal dressing: first at ditch bottom pouring natural pond liquid wholely after ditching, then cover 8-10cm soil layer, every mu is discharged 750kg base manure, cover 4-6cm soil layer, soil layer waters natural pond liquid, finally covers 2-3cm soil layer, place and can plant white gross tea after 8-12 days;
4. kind to plant: at the beginning of 2011 3 months by the white gross tea seedling field planting of cultivation to tea place, adopt the two strain pattern plantation of duplicate rows, wide row space is 120-130cm, little line-spacing is 35-40cm, spacing in the rows is 20-30cm, and around tea place, plant margosa in right amount with centre, the planting density of margosa is 20-30/mu;
5. topdress: topdress in by the end of October, 2011 once, the fertilizer used that topdresses is tealeaves special fertilizer, and when topdressing, tilth is 10 ~ 15cm, and fertilizer amount is 500kg/ mu; The mid-March of 2012, mid-August respectively topdresses once, and fertilizer amount is 450kg/ mu; 2013 by the end of January, and mid-July, mid-October respectively topdress once, and fertilizer amount is 500kg/ mu, the mid-February of 2014, mid-June, respectively topdresses once by the end of September, and fertilizer amount is 500kg/ mu;
6. tea garden management: will carry out the capable edge pruning of tea every year, keeps the gap of tea in the ranks 25-30cm, when alley limit grows weeds, is manually cut off by weeds;
7. disease control: take spray bacteria agent or utilize trapping lamp, trap or the pest control of manual catching and killing's mode;
8. spray foliage fertilizer: spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer in by the end of January, 2013, spray and start tealeaves of gathering after 20 days, until tealeaves can be adopted the whole year by the end of November, within before tealeaves of at every turn gathering 20-30 days, first spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer.
Adopt implantation methods of the present invention, the annual production of fresh white gross tea leaf 2013 is 47kg/ mu, 2014 annual productions are 58kg/ mu, and existing implantation methods annual production is 25-35kg/ mu, the productive rate of this method tealeaves improves about 20%, and through relevant departments' qualification, the tealeaves of production is non-polluted tea, dark brown and the tea flavour of tealeaves is also greatly improved, commercially more by the favor of consumer.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to the scope of patent protection that the present invention is determined by submitted to claims.
Claims (7)
1. a high-yield planting method for high-quality tea, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) tea ground is selected: select away from outside city, industrial area and pollution source 5-10km and the soil is porous, fertile, draining is good, light application time is long, soil pH value is that the area of 5.0-6.5 is as tea place;
(2) wholely: the soil depth of ploughing and weeding is 25-30cm, and ditch depth is 50-60cm, and furrow width is 100-110cm;
(3) natural pond liquid and basal dressing is watered: first at ditch bottom pouring natural pond liquid wholely after ditching, then cover 8-10cm soil layer, every mu is discharged 700-800kg base manure, cover 4-6cm soil layer, soil layer waters natural pond liquid, finally covers 2-3cm soil layer, place and can plant after 8-12 days;
(4) plant: select Hezhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to cut into a mountain the white gross tea of high-quality as Cha Miho, employing cuttage and seedling culture method is bred, cuttings in matrix after cuttage 2-3 month, well developed root system, height of seedling 30-40cm, get final product field planting to tea place, adopt the two strain pattern plantation of duplicate rows, wide row space is 120-130cm, little line-spacing is 35-40cm, spacing in the rows is 20-30cm, and around tea place, plant margosa in right amount with centre, the planting density of margosa is 20-30/mu;
(5) topdress: according to the growing state of tealeaves, topdress 1-3 time every year, the fertilizer of use is tealeaves special fertilizer, and when topdressing, tilth is 10-12cm;
(6) tea garden management: will carry out the capable edge pruning of tea every year, keeps the gap of tea in the ranks 25-30cm, when alley limit grows weeds, is manually cut off by weeds;
(7) disease control: take spray bacteria agent or utilize trapping lamp, trap or the pest control of manual catching and killing's mode;
(8) foliage fertilizer is sprayed: within before tealeaves of gathering 15-20 days, spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer, the yield and quality of tealeaves can be improved.
2. the high-yield planting method of a kind of high-quality tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the soil pH value described in step (1) can use ferrous sulfate, alum, potassium sulfate and lime to regulate.
3. the high-yield planting method of a kind of high-quality tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the base manure described in step (3) comprises the raw material of following weight portion: natural pond slag 120-150 part, fowl and animal excrement 80-100 part, edible fungi residues 60-80 part and tea seed powder 25-30 part.
4. the high-yield planting method of a kind of high-quality tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the matrix described in step (4) comprises the raw material of following weight portion: comprise pond sludge 80-100 part, sawdust 30-40 part, bagasse 10-20 part and 0.5-2 part root-inducing powder.
5. the high-yield planting method of a kind of high-quality tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the tealeaves special fertilizer described in step (5) comprises the raw material of following weight portion: fowl and animal excrement 100-120 part, bagasse 70-80 part, natural pond slag 50-60 part, humus 10-15 part, urea 12-15 part, potassium sulfate 6-10 part and superphosphate 8-10 part.
6. the high-yield planting method of a kind of high-quality tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bacteria agent described in step (7) comprises the raw material of following weight portion: Celastrus angulatus root 10-12 part, chrysanthemum ester 5-6 part, trifoliate jewelvine 6-8 part and folium eucalypti 3-5 part.
7. the high-yield planting method of a kind of high-quality tea according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer described in step (8) comprises the raw material of following weight portion: sodium selenite 8-10 part, fulvic acid 5-8 part, borax 3-4 part, ammonium molybdate 2-3 part, zinc sulphate 0.5-1.5 part, manganese sulphate 0.5-1 part and water 200-300 part.
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Application publication date: 20151223 |