CN112673869A - Production method of artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea - Google Patents
Production method of artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tea science, and relates to a production method of artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea; the method comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving sodium selenite and zinc sulfate in water, and mixing to obtain selenium-zinc fertilizer (0.5-0.6 g/L of selenium and 4.5-5.0 g/L of zinc) before spraying; spraying the fertilizer on tea leaf surfaces in sunny days from late 3 months to early 5 months (the dosage of the selenium-zinc fertilizer is 0.8-1.5 t/hm)2) (ii) a After 7-10 days, adding water (5-10 t/hm)2) Spraying tea trees, naturally drying, picking fresh leaves, withering, deactivating enzyme, rolling, drying and refining to obtain the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea. The invention has wide application range and is not limited by regions and tea tree varieties; the method is simple and convenient to implement, and does not influence the growth of the tea trees and the management of the tea garden; high quality of tea and selenium content>2.4mg/kg, zinc content>280mg/kg, the selenium and zinc content and the nutrition sensory quality are obviously superior to those of common green tea; good economic benefit, strong market competitiveness and wide industrialization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tea science, and particularly relates to a production method of artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea.
Technical Field
Selenium and zinc have important physiological functions, are indispensable mineral elements of human bodies and are closely related to various diseases. The food fortification of inorganic selenium and zinc can improve the nutrient level of selenium and zinc of residents, but has poor safety and low utilization rate, and is difficult to popularize and apply. Inorganic selenium and zinc are converted into organic selenium and zinc which is easy to absorb and low in toxicity through crops, so that the content of the organic selenium and zinc in a food chain is increased, and the method is probably an effective way for increasing the selenium and zinc nutrition level of residents in China.
The existing research shows that selenium is not an essential nutrient for tea trees, but the spraying of selenium can promote early-spring early-stage development of tea trees, improve the yield of tea leaves before the dawn, improve the contents of selenium, tea polyphenol, amino acid and vitamin C in the tea leaves, enhance the sweet taste and aroma of tea soup, improve the bitter taste and astringent taste of the tea leaves and improve the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the tea leaves. The zinc spraying can improve the nutrition of tea trees, improve the stress resistance, promote the growth of bud leaves, increase the yield of tea leaves, and improve the contents and sensory quality of zinc, tea polysaccharide, tea polyphenol, amino acid and caffeine in the tea leaves. However, at present, the influence and interaction of the selenium and zinc distribution on the selenium and zinc accumulation level and the organoleptic physicochemical quality of tea leaves are not clear.
Currently, the only selenium-rich and zinc-rich tea in the market is produced from Fenggang county in Guizhou province of China in a unique high-selenium and high-zinc soil environment to produce natural selenium-rich and zinc-rich tea, but the following problems exist: 1) due to regional limitation, the area of the tea garden is only 10 ten thousand mu, and the yield is very limited; 2) due to the content difference of selenium and zinc in soil, the content difference of selenium and zinc in tea leaves in different areas is large, and the quality is unstable; 3) tea trees are few in variety, market terminal products are single, market competitiveness is poor, and economic benefits are low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to overcome the technical defects in the prior art, and the selenium-zinc fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of tea trees to produce the artificial selenium-zinc-rich green tea, so that the accumulation level of selenium and zinc in the tea leaves and the sensory physicochemical quality are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
(1) preparing a selenium-zinc fertilizer: respectively dissolving sodium selenite and zinc sulfate in water to obtain sodium selenite aqueous solution and zinc sulfate aqueous solution; then mixing the two solutions to obtain the selenium-zinc fertilizer;
(2) spraying a selenium-zinc fertilizer: spraying the selenium-zinc fertilizer prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the tea tree leaves; spraying water on the tea trees after a period of time, and picking fresh leaves after natural air drying;
(3) processing of tea leaves: and (3) processing the fresh leaves picked in the step (2) by using a tea processing technology to obtain the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea.
Preferably, the two solutions in the step (1) are mixed before spraying to obtain the selenium-zinc fertilizer, and the selenium-zinc fertilizer is mixed immediately after use; the selenium and zinc contents in the selenium and zinc fertilizer are respectively 0.5-0.6 g/L and 4.5-5.0 g/L.
Preferably, the spraying amount of the selenium-zinc fertilizer solution in the step (2) is 0.8-1.5 t/hm2Spraying the water-based paint on the sunny evening from 3 to 5 last ten days of month (18: 00-20: 00); the tea trees are green tea tree varieties; the planting density of the tea trees is 15000-60000 trees/hm2。
Preferably, the period of time in the step (2) is 7-10 days; the water is tap water; the spraying amount is 5-10 t/hm2。
Preferably, in the step (2), after the selenium-zinc fertilizer is sprayed on the surfaces of the tea leaves, the tea leaves are sprayed with water in the period of time; if the selenium-zinc fertilizer is subjected to rainfall within 7 days after being sprayed, the selenium-zinc fertilizer is sprayed on the tea tree leaf surfaces again after the rain stops; the spraying amount of the selenium-zinc fertilizer for one-time additional spraying is 0.8-1.5 t/hm2(ii) a If the rain falls 7 days after the selenium-zinc fertilizer is sprayed, the selenium-zinc fertilizer does not need to be sprayed again after the rain.
Preferably, the tea processing technology in the step (3) comprises all green tea processing modes; the method specifically comprises withering, deactivating enzyme, rolling, drying and refining (screening, stalk removing and winnowing).
Preferably, the selenium content in the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea produced in the step (3) is more than 2.4mg/kg, and the zinc content is more than 280 mg/kg.
The invention has the advantages of
1. The application range is wide: the method is not limited by regions and varieties, can be implemented on tea trees in any region and any variety, is easy to implement, can be sprayed before picking, and does not affect the growth of the tea trees and the management of a tea garden.
2. The tea has high quality: the selenium and zinc content of the selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea is far higher than that of the natural selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea, the selenium and zinc content is respectively improved by more than 40 times and more than 12 times compared with the content of the common green tea, and the physical and chemical components (water extract, tea polyphenol, tea polysaccharide, caffeine and chlorophyll) and the sensory quality (liquor color and taste) are also obviously higher than those of the common green tea.
3. The economic benefit is good: compared with the common green tea, the selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea has the advantages that the production cost is increased by about 20 yuan/kg, the market price is increased by about 100 yuan/kg, based on 30kg of green tea produced in each mu of tea garden, the income is increased by 2400 yuan in each mu of tea garden without considering the increase in the yield of the tea, the economic benefit is remarkable, and the industrialization prospect is wide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a radar chart of sensory quality of selenium-rich zinc-rich green tea and common green tea produced in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
the tea tree is 108 Chinese tea in Yutai Ganlu tea garden in Zhenjiang new area of Jiangsu province, the age of the tea tree is 10 years, the ecological environment and the growth are basically consistent, and the tea tree is cultivated and managed according to the conventional method; the soil is yellow brown soil, the pH value is 5-6, and the contents of selenium and zinc are 0.17mg/kg and 109.40mg/kg respectively.
Respectively dissolving sodium selenite and zinc sulfate heptahydrate in water, mixing before spraying to obtain selenium-zinc fertilizer, wherein the contents of selenium and zinc are respectively 0.51g/L and 4.86g/L, and uniformly spraying on the leaf surface of tea tree in the evening of 3 late months in 2019 with the spraying amount of 1.15t/hm2(ii) a After 7 days, at 8.35t/hm2Uniformly spraying tap water on the tea trees, naturally drying, and picking fresh leaves; preparing the green tea according to the conventional processing flow (fixation, rolling, drying and refining) to obtain the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea.
Example 2:
the tea tree is Zhe nong No. 113 of maoutu tea factory in Jintan city, Jiangsu province, the tree age is 5 years, the ecological environment and the growth vigor are basically consistent, and the tea tree is cultivated and managed according to the conventional method; the soil is yellow brown soil, the pH value is 4.5-5.5, and the contents of selenium and zinc are 0.21mg/kg and 146.33mg/kg respectively.
Respectively dissolving sodium selenite and zinc sulfate heptahydrate in water, mixing before spraying to obtain selenium-zinc fertilizer, wherein the contents of selenium and zinc are respectively 0.60g/L and 4.50g/L, and uniformly spraying on tea leaf surface in the evening of 4 middle ten days of 2020 year, wherein the spraying amount is 0.82t/hm2(ii) a After 10 days, at 5.47t/hm2Uniformly spraying tap water on the tea trees, naturally drying the tea trees, and picking fresh leaves; preparing the green tea according to the conventional processing flow (fixation, rolling, drying and refining) to obtain the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea.
Example 3:
the tea tree is white-leaf tea No. 1 of Yuyang city Yufeng tea factory in Jiangsu province, the age of the tea tree is 8 years, the ecological environment and the growth vigor are basically consistent, and the tea tree is cultivated and managed according to the conventional method; the soil is yellow brown soil, the pH value is 4.5-5.5, and the contents of selenium and zinc are 0.45mg/kg and 138.67mg/kg respectively.
Respectively dissolving sodium selenite and zinc sulfate heptahydrate in water, mixing to obtain selenium-zinc fertilizer solution before spraying, wherein the contents of selenium and zinc are respectively 0.55g/L and 5.00g/L, and uniformly spraying on the leaf surfaces of tea trees in the evening of 5-month-long sunny day in 2020, and the spraying amount is 1.46t/hm2(ii) a After 8 days, at 9.09t/hm2Uniformly spraying tap water on the tea trees, naturally drying, and picking fresh leaves; preparing the green tea according to the conventional processing flow (fixation, rolling, drying and refining) to obtain the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea.
And (3) performance testing:
the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea obtained in example 1 (recorded as SZT) was selected for subsequent quality testing.
The test method comprises the following steps:
(1) sensory and physicochemical Properties
The sensory analysis of the tea (leaf bottom, liquor color, taste, appearance and aroma) adopts a GB/T23776-. And respectively measuring the selenium and the zinc by adopting atomic fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. The tea water extract is determined according to GB/T8305-.
(2) Biological effectiveness and antioxidation function
Clean grade weaned 1-week male SD rats (60 ± 5g) were randomly divided into 5 groups: the normal group, the model group, the SZT adding group, the SZT supplementing group and the inorganic selenium and zinc supplementing group are respectively cultured in a culture cage for 6 weeks by modeling feed, and a selenium and zinc normal and lack rat model (table 1) is established. Then transferred to a metabolism cage to treat the feed for 1 week, and feces and urine are collected. And transferring to a culture cage, treating the feed, continuously feeding for 5 weeks, fasting overnight, weighing, anesthetizing and dissecting, taking blood from abdominal artery, centrifugally separating plasma or serum, and collecting organs (liver, kidney, spleen and thymus). The whole process is fed in a standard environment, and water is taken freely for feeding.
Detecting the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content according to the kit instructions; the bioavailability of selenium and zinc and the index of visceral organs of rats are calculated according to the following formula: the utilization ratio of selenium and zinc (food selenium and zinc-feces selenium and zinc-urine selenium and zinc)/food selenium and zinc x 100; organ index (mg/g) is organ mass (mg)/body weight (g).
Table 1 rat treatment and feed composition
And (3) testing results:
(1) sensory quality of SZT
As can be seen from fig. 1, the SZT leaf bottom is significantly lower than that of the common green tea, but the liquor color and taste are significantly higher than those of the common green tea, and the appearance and aroma are not significantly different; the total score (84.48 points) was significantly higher than that of normal green tea (81.65 points), indicating that overall sensory quality of SZT was superior to that of normal green tea.
TABLE 2 composition of SZT and Green tea in general
(2) Physical and chemical quality of SZT
As can be seen from Table 2, the SZT selenium zinc content reaches 2.57mg/kg and 309.71mg/kg, which are respectively improved by 42.83 times and 14.11 times compared with the control group; the contents of water extract, tea polyphenol, tea polysaccharide, caffeine and chlorophyll are obviously higher than those of common tea, but the contents of amino acid and vitamin C are not obviously different.
(3) Influence of SZT on bioavailability of selenium and zinc
As can be seen from table 3, the selenium and zinc utilization rates of the normal group are 50.08% and 37.36%, and have no significant difference from those of the SZT addition groups (55.79% and 34.65%), which indicates that the selenium and zinc utilization rate is not affected by adding SZT in the normal diet. The selenium and zinc utilization rates of the model group, the SZT supplementing group and the inorganic selenium and zinc supplementing group are obviously higher than those of the normal group, and the organism has certain protective regulation and control capacity on selenium and zinc deficiency. In addition, the selenium and zinc utilization rate of the SZT supplement group is not obviously different from that of the inorganic selenium and zinc supplement group, which shows that the SZT and the inorganic selenium and zinc have the same supplement effect on selenium and zinc deficient organisms in a short time.
TABLE 3 Effect of SZT on bioavailability of selenium and Zinc in rats
(4) Effect of SZT on growth Performance in rats
As can be seen from Table 4, the model rats had reduced appetite, weight loss, listlessness, rough skin, dry hair, and multiple inflammations, and exhibited typical symptoms of selenium and zinc deficiency. The signs of rats in the SZT adding group are similar to those of the normal group, and the body weight and organ index are not obviously different from those of the normal group, so that the addition of SZT in normal diet can not cause acute or chronic poisoning or pathological change of the body due to excessive selenium and zinc. The rats with SZT and inorganic selenium and zinc supplementation groups are obviously improved in selenium and zinc deficiency symptoms, the body weight is obviously higher than that of a model group, and organ indexes among the groups are not obviously different, which shows that the SZT and the inorganic selenium and zinc supplementation groups can effectively improve the selenium and zinc deficiency symptoms of organisms.
(5) Effect of SZT on selenium and Zinc levels in rats
As can be seen from Table 5, the plasma and liver levels of seleno-zinc in the rats in the model group are significantly lower than those in the normal group, which indicates that the model of the rats deficient in seleno-zinc is successfully constructed. The selenium level of the SZT addition group is obviously higher than that of the normal group, but the zinc level has no obvious difference, which shows that the selenium level of the body can be further improved by adding the SZT in the normal diet, but the zinc level is not obviously influenced. The selenium and zinc level of the SZT supplement group is obviously higher than that of the model group, which shows that the SZT can effectively improve the selenium and zinc level of a selenium and zinc deficient organism. Furthermore, the selenium levels in the SZT supplemented group were significantly higher than in the inorganic selenium zinc supplemented group, indicating that while there was no significant difference in selenium utilization during the first week of treatment, the utilization of SZT selenium may gradually be higher than inorganic selenium over time.
TABLE 4 Effect of SZT on rat body weight and organ index
TABLE 5 Effect of SZT on plasma and liver selenium and Zinc levels in rats
(6) Effect of SZT on antioxidant function of rat
As can be seen from tables 6 and 7, the antioxidant activities of serum and liver in the model group are significantly lower than those in the normal group, and the MDA content is significantly higher than that in the normal group, which indicates that the lack of selenium and zinc significantly affects the antioxidant capacity of the organism. The activities of serum GSH-Px and liver SOD of the SZT addition group are obviously higher than those of the normal group, and the MDA content is obviously lower than that of other groups, which shows that the antioxidant level of the organism can be further improved by adding SZT in normal diet. The antioxidase activity of the SZT supplement group is obviously higher than that of the model group, and no obvious difference exists between the antioxidase activity of the SZT supplement group and that of the normal group, which indicates that the SZT can obviously improve the antioxidase capacity of a selenium-zinc deficient organism. Except for serum SOD and liver CAT, the antioxidant activity of the SZT supplementation group is obviously higher than that of the inorganic selenium and zinc supplementation group, which shows that the SZT can improve the antioxidant function of selenium and zinc deficient organisms better than the inorganic selenium and zinc supplementation group.
TABLE 6 influence of SZT on serum antioxidase Activity and malondialdehyde content in rat
TABLE 7 Effect of SZT on rat liver antioxidase Activity and malondialdehyde content
In summary, the SZT obtained in example 1: 1) selenium, zinc, water extract, tea polyphenol, tea polysaccharide, caffeine, chlorophyll, soup color and taste are obviously improved; 2) SZT is added into normal diet, so as to improve selenium level and antioxidant function of organism, and prevent acute and chronic poisoning or pathological change caused by excessive selenium and zinc; 3) the supplement of SZT in low selenium and zinc diet can remarkably improve selenium and zinc deficiency symptom, improve selenium and zinc level of organism, enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce MDA content, relieve oxidative stress, and has efficacy superior to inorganic selenium and zinc.
Description of the drawings: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; thus, while the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted; rather, it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The production method of the artificial selenium-zinc-rich green tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a selenium-zinc fertilizer: respectively dissolving sodium selenite and zinc sulfate in water to obtain sodium selenite aqueous solution and zinc sulfate aqueous solution; then mixing the two solutions to obtain the selenium-zinc fertilizer;
(2) spraying a selenium-zinc fertilizer: spraying the selenium-zinc fertilizer prepared in the step (1) on the surface of the tea tree leaves; spraying water on the tea trees after a period of time, and picking fresh leaves after natural air drying;
(3) processing of tea leaves: and (3) processing the fresh leaves picked in the step (2) by using a tea processing technology to obtain the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea.
2. The method for producing artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing of the two solutions in step (1) is to obtain selenium-zinc fertilizer before spraying, i.e. mixing immediately; the selenium and zinc contents in the selenium and zinc fertilizer are respectively 0.5-0.6 g/L and 4.5-5.0 g/L.
3. The production method of the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying amount of the selenium-zinc fertilizer solution in the step (2) is 0.8-1.5 t/hm2The spraying time is from 3 late to 5 late in the sunny day.
4. The method for producing the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tea plant is a variety of green tea plant; the planting density of the tea trees is 15000-60000 trees/hm2。
5. The method for producing artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the period of time in step (2) is 7-10 days; the water is tap water; the spraying amount is 5-10 t/hm2。
6. The method for producing artificial selenium-and zinc-rich green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), after the selenium-and zinc-rich fertilizer is sprayed on the surface of the leaves of the tea tree, the tea tree is sprayed with water during the period of time; if the selenium-zinc fertilizer is subjected to rainfall within 7 days after being sprayed, the selenium-zinc fertilizer is sprayed on the tea tree leaf surfaces again after the rain stops; the spraying amount of the selenium-zinc fertilizer for one-time additional spraying is 0.8-1.5 t/hm2(ii) a If the rain falls 7 days after the selenium-zinc fertilizer is sprayed, the selenium-zinc fertilizer does not need to be sprayed again after the rain.
7. The method for producing artificial selenium and zinc rich green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tea leaves in step (3) include all green tea processing modes; specifically withering, deactivating enzyme, rolling, drying and refining.
8. The production method of the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selenium content in the artificial selenium-rich and zinc-rich green tea obtained in step (3) is greater than 2.4mg/kg, and the zinc content is greater than 280 mg/kg.
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Application publication date: 20210420 |