CN109220749B - Method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as hydrogen sulfide donor - Google Patents
Method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as hydrogen sulfide donor Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, which is characterized by comprising the steps of increasing the biomass of leaf vegetable crops and improving the quality by using sodium sulfide, and increasing the yield of bean crops and improving the quality by using sodium sulfide. The method can use different culture modes and action modes according to the growth characteristics of different crops to achieve the aim of the invention. By using sodium sulfide solutions with different concentrations, the life activity of crops is improved, the photosynthesis of the crops can be enhanced by using exogenous hydrogen sulfide, the chlorophyll content is improved, and therefore the growth and development of the crops are promoted, and the biomass of the crops is increased. In addition, the present invention analyzes the nutritional components of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor.
Background
The vegetable is used as an essential subsidiary food in daily life, contains various nutrient components such as carbohydrate, vitamin, cellulose and other nutrient substances, and has important significance for guiding reasonable diet and improving the physical health condition of people. With the rapid development of society and the change of life style, the dietary structure of people also changes gradually, and vegetables, particularly leaf vegetables with rich nutrition, are more and more favored by people. The leaf vegetables refer to vegetables with tender leaves and petioles of the plants as edible parts. Vegetables can be roughly classified into leaf vegetables, melons and tomatoes and roots. Researches show that the nutrition of the leaf vegetables is higher than that of the rhizomes and the melons and eggplants, the leaf vegetables are very rich in nutrition and contain protein, potassium, calcium, magnesium, folic acid, carotene, lutein, vitamin C, dietary fiber, vitamin B2, vitamin K and the like. The experts recommend that an adult should take 500g of vegetables per day, wherein 2/3 is recommended to be taken as leaf vegetables and 1/3 is the other vegetables such as melons, eggplant and rhizomes. Therefore, the leaf vegetables are very important for the healthy dietary life of people.
The general vegetables contain a large amount of cellulose, and the cellulose can promote intestinal digestion, is easy to defecate and promotes body metabolism; meanwhile, the vitamin feed is also an important source for human body to take vitamins, for example, the Chinese cabbage contains rich vitamin C, and the rape contains high vitamin B1, B2, PP and C contents; the trace elements in the leaf vegetable crops, particularly potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, not only can supplement the normal needs of human bodies, but also can adjust the acid-base balance of organisms; the leaf vegetable with high calcium content can promote bone growth and prevent osteoporosis. Generally, the leaf vegetables contain no or trace fat, are low in calorie, and a large amount of cellulose brings satiety, so that the leaf vegetables are the best choice for reducing fat.
The leaf vegetable crops are cultured in a soilless culture water culture mode, wherein the soilless culture water culture mode is that partial root systems of the crops are soaked in nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution absorbs needed water, nutrients, oxygen and the like, so that the method is greatly different from the traditional soil culture. The soilless culture water culture has the advantages that the soilless culture water culture; compared with the traditional planting method, the existence of insect pests, pesticides and heavy metals can be avoided, so that the edible safety of the leaf vegetables is greatly improved; the leaf vegetables cultured by the method can be called as green vegetables, and meet the requirements of healthy life of modern human beings; soilless culture water culture also reduces the use of land and the investment cost. The hydroponic leaf vegetable crops have more abundant nutrient substances, especially vitamins and mineral substance contents, and different mineral elements are added into the nutrient solution; has good taste, and the water content in the leaf vegetable is lower than that of common vegetable.
In the past H2S has been considered a toxic gas. However, as the research proceeds, H2S is gradually found in various physiological functions in the animal and plant fields. The compound is involved in various physiological activities in animals, such as regulating the functions of hearts and nervous systems of the animals, relaxing smooth muscles of blood vessels and digestive tracts, inhibiting the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and the like. Medical studies have shown that H2S plays an important role in the regulation of the nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system and in the field of disease prevention and treatment. It is found that endogenous H is generated under normal conditions2S is also considered to be a nerve regulation factor, has important regulation effect on learning and memory, can regulate the long-term enhancement function of the hippocampus, and can regulate and control the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to influence the neuroendocrine function. It can be seen from this that H2S has important pathological and physiological significance in the human physiological system.
H2S studies in plants began late, but progressed rapidly. It was found that H2S can be used as a multifunctional gas signal molecule to promote the growth and development of plants and resist the damage to the plants caused by external stress. With H2The new functions of S in animals and plants are discovered and gradually attract attention, and are considered to be a third endogenous gas signal molecule following NO and CO.
In vivo H of plant2The research on the physiological action of S shows that the S participates in a plurality of plant growth and development processes, such as the regulation of stomatal movement, the promotion of root development and the enhancement of photosynthesis, the alleviation of drought,The damage caused by various abiotic stresses such as infiltration and metal ions, the plant aging delay and the like. As shown in the study, H2The sodium hydrosulfide treatment of the S donor can reduce the transpiration by effectively regulating and controlling the stomatal movement of plants such as broad beans, sudan impatiens and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of relieving drought stress. Zhangyanjie et al (2017) found in a certain concentration H2S can promote tomato seed germination and hypocotyl elongation, and enhance seed germination activity and germination capacity; and high concentration of H2S can generate inhibition and even toxic action on the normal germination and growth of the tomatoes. Enhancing photosynthesis efficiency, prolonging plant life cycle, delaying aging, and promoting flowering and fructification. Chen et al (2011) found H in the appropriate concentration range2The S donor sodium hydrosulfide treatment can promote growth of leaves of spinach seedlings, increase the content of soluble protein, promote plant photosynthesis, influence the activity of ribulose 1, 5-phosphate carboxylase, the protein expression of a large subunit and the gene expression of a small subunit, and influence the reduction modification of the sulfydryl of the leaves. Sundaili et al (2016) found low concentrations of H2S has the function of regulating and controlling the growth and development of plants. H2S has dose effect on regulating and controlling plant growth and development, and high concentration of H2S has toxic action, not only causes leaves of a plurality of plants such as alfalfa, grapes and lettuce, but also can inhibit the release of oxygen and the absorption of nutrient substances such as phosphorus and slow down the growth of the plants; and low concentration of H2S can promote the growth and development of plants and the absorption of nutrient substances.
Chinese patent No. CN201710577078.3 discloses hydrogen sulfide (H)2S) application of donor sodium hydrosulfide in inhibiting plant organ abscission. The invention utilizes H2S gas (provided by volatilization of sodium hydrosulfide) fumigates Arabidopsis and tomato plants, so that shedding of Arabidopsis floral organs and cracking of pods can be remarkably delayed, and shedding of tomato flower stalks can be remarkably inhibited; h2S can weaken the promoting effect of the shedding promoter ethylene on shedding; at H2Detecting the expression levels of marker proteins polygalacturonase, cellulase and cell wall relaxin encoding genes in the organ abscission process in the S treatment process, and finding that the marker proteins are not similar to those of an untreated control groupIn the same way, H2The increase in the expression level of the relevant gene in the S-treated petiole was retarded, indicating that H2S inhibits the occurrence of the shedding process at the molecular level. The reagent is single and easy to obtain, the operation is simple, and a practical and effective method is provided for relieving the falling of plant organs.
Chinese patent No. CN201310030509.6 discloses the use of hydrogen sulfide and its hydrogen sulfide donor in the preparation of anti-cold germination promoter for inducing rice seeds. Through a large number of experimental screens, experimental results show that the hydrogen sulfide and the hydrogen sulfide donor thereof can effectively improve the germination vigor of rice seeds in a low-temperature environment, induce the seeds to germinate rapidly and orderly, improve the germination rate, promote the growth and development of seedlings at a low temperature and improve the cold damage resistance. The invention can solve a key problem in agricultural production during low-temperature attack and has important application value.
External source of H2The S donor is mainly sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), and the research is extensive, while Na is2S may likewise be H2Exogenous donors of S, not much research. Na (Na)2S is characterized by low price and wide source compared with NaHS. Hydrolysis of NaHS produces Weak H2S, and Na2S will produce H by secondary hydrolysis2S gas is carbonated in the air, and H is continuously released2And (4) S gas. The invention adopts Na2S as exogenous H2S donor, a method for improving crop yield and quality, and research on leaf vegetables and legume crops.
Sodium sulfide (Na)2S) is also called as sodium chloride, sodium xanthate and sodium sulfide. Na (Na)2S is an inorganic compound, and the pure sodium sulfide is colorless crystalline powder. Has strong moisture absorption and is easy to dissolve in water. The aqueous solution is in strong alkaline reaction. Na (Na)2The aqueous S solution slowly oxidizes in air to sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate, and sodium polysulfide. Because the formation rate of sodium thiosulfate is fast, the main product of oxidation is sodium thiosulfate.
At present, the demand of China for vegetables is increasing day by day, and the promotion of the growth of leaf vegetables is the first problem to be broken through. There are now research techniques to promote plant growth, such as transgenic techniques. The transgenic product can increase crop yield, reduce production cost, enhance crop stress resistance, product storability and the like. However, the safety of transgenic food is always a social hotspot. In the cultivation process of the plant transgenic food, transgenic crops of the plant transgenic food can be converted into weeds and affect other species through gene drift, the possible toxicity and the resistance to antibiotics are not clear at present, and the influence on the body after the plant transgenic food is eaten cannot be estimated naturally. The transgenic food can also generate food anaphylactic reaction, and although the nutritional value is analyzed according to the principle of substantial equivalence, the water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin C, carotene, zinc, calcium, iron, potassium and other chemical components in the transgenic plant are not obviously different from those in non-transgenic plants, the safety of the transgenic food needs to be researched. This has created difficulties in promoting overall popularity and improving acceptance by people. In addition, plant growth regulators have been developed. A plant growth regulator is a kind of agricultural chemicals for regulating plant growth and development, including artificially synthesized compounds with similar action to natural plant hormone and natural plant hormone extracted from living beings. When the fertilizer is used in agricultural production, the growth process of crops can be effectively regulated, and the aims of stabilizing yield, increasing yield, improving quality, improving stress resistance of crops and the like are fulfilled. From single variety to compound variety, the control of use amount needs to be very accurate to it is very high to user technical requirement, and overuse or use incorrectly, not only can not reach the effect of expectation, can bring the side effect on the contrary, probably exert an influence to crop quality.
Therefore, the invention uses the sodium sulfide as a plant regulator, and treats the crops in different modes of water culture, root irrigation, spraying and the like; the influence of the change of various physiological indexes of the crops and the change of the fruit quality on the growth promotion of the crops by the sodium sulfide is evaluated. Different concentrations of Na are used according to the growth characteristics of different crops2S is treated to improve the life activity of crops, increase the chlorophyll content, promote the utilization rate of the crops to light and enhance the photosynthesis of the crops, thereby promoting the growth of the cropsAnd (5) a development process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, which can achieve the aim by using different culture modes and action modes according to the growth characteristics of different crops. By using sodium sulfide solutions with different concentrations, the life activity of crops is improved, the photosynthesis of the crops can be enhanced by using exogenous hydrogen sulfide, the chlorophyll content is improved, and therefore the growth and development of the crops are promoted, and the biomass of the crops is increased. In addition, the present invention analyzes the nutritional components of the product.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, which comprises the following steps:
for the cultivation of leaf vegetable crops, a soilless culture water culture mode is selected. The selection and germination of seeds directly affect the later growth of crops. In order to improve the germination rate of the seeds, the seeds need to be sterilized by sodium hypochlorite, so that the influence of mixed bacteria on the seeds is avoided. Therefore, the method for improving the crop yield and improving the quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor comprises the steps of carrying out germination accelerating treatment on disinfected seeds at the temperature of 22-25 ℃, selecting the seeds with consistent germination after the seeds germinate, placing the seeds in a culture dish in order, adding a small amount of deionized water, replacing the deionized water every 12-24 hours, and culturing for 2-3 days until green leaves grow out, so that the seeds can be planted in a water culture mode.
After the seedlings are planted in the water culture, the seedling culture device can quickly adapt to the growth environment under proper conditions, and leaves and root systems quickly grow along with the seedlings, the method for improving the crop yield and the quality by taking sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the method for improving the leaf vegetable crop biomass and the quality by using sodium sulfide comprise the following steps: specifically, under the condition of a temperature of 25-30 ℃, continuously treating the crops to be transplanted into the water culture for 2-4 times by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.8 mmol/L when the crops grow to have two leaves and one heart, wherein the interval of each time is 12-24 hours, continuously culturing the crops by using a nutrient solution for 48-144 hours, and the treatment is a period, and generally 4-6 periods need to be continuously treated.
Preferably, the method for increasing the biomass of the leaf vegetables and improving the quality by using the sodium sulfide comprises the steps of continuously treating the two leaves and the center by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.5 mmol/L for 2-4 times at intervals of 12-24 hours; and culturing for 48-144 h by using a nutrient solution, wherein the treatment is a period and is continuous for 4-6 periods.
The invention also provides a method for improving crop yield and quality by using the hydrogen sulfide donor sodium sulfide, and the method for improving the yield and quality of the bean crops by using the sodium sulfide comprises the following steps:
the germination of seeds is a basic link of plant growth, and various factors can cause the germination rate of the seeds to be low or the seeds not to be germinated, including the self factors of the seeds, external environmental factors and the like. Thus leading to the failure of the crops to grow normally, and therefore, the germination of the seeds becomes a key step in the crop planting. Therefore, in the method for improving the crop yield and improving the quality by using the sodium sulfide as the hydrogen sulfide donor, in order to improve the germination rate of the seeds and accelerate the germination of the seeds, the seeds are sterilized by 5% of sodium hypochlorite, then the seeds are subjected to germination acceleration at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and after the seeds germinate, the seeds with consistent germination are selected for sowing.
In the early growth stage of the bean crops, the roots and leaves of the crops grow rapidly under proper conditions, and various physiological mechanisms in the crops do not reach maturity yet in the early growth stage, so that the method is the best period for treating the beans. The corresponding response mechanism can appear to the external stimulus, thereby accelerating the growth of the crops in the initial growth stage to achieve the aim of the invention. The invention relates to a method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, in particular to a method for improving the crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide, which comprises the step of performing root irrigation treatment on seedlings (4-5 leaves grow out) at the early growth stage of crops for 1-2 times by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.8 mmol/L, wherein the interval is 2-3 days every time, and the sodium sulfide solution used by each seedling is 20-50 mL.
Preferably, the method for improving the yield and quality of the bean crops by using the sodium sulfide is to perform root irrigation treatment by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.5 mmol/L in the early growth stage of the bean crops.
And spraying the leaf surfaces of the bean crops with a sodium sulfide mixed solution with the sodium sulfide concentration of 0.025-0.8 mmol/L in the flowering period of the bean crops.
The specific operation of the spraying treatment is that the mixed solution of sodium sulfide is sprayed on the leaf surfaces at intervals of 5-10 days every time, and the mixed solution is continuously sprayed for 2-5 times; and spraying 50-100 ml of sodium sulfide mixed liquor to each seedling every time.
The sodium sulfide mixed solution is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.025-0.8 mmol/L sodium sulfide solution and BD-3077 or Tween-80 according to the volume ratio of 500-1000: 1.
Preferably, the method for improving the yield and the quality of the bean crops by using the sodium sulfide is characterized in that the sodium sulfide mixed liquor with the sodium sulfide concentration of 0.025-0.5 mmol/L is used for spraying the leaf surfaces of the beans crops in the flowering period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the reagent of the invention has wide source of sodium sulfide, selects proper concentration of sodium sulfide solution, avoids the damage to crops, promotes the growth of the crops, improves the yield of the crops, and has simple and easy operation.
2. The invention has low cost and low price of sodium sulfide, is suitable for large-scale application and has good applicability.
3. The invention can promote the growth of crops, particularly increase the biomass of leaf vegetables, and increase the contents of protein and vitamin C to a certain extent.
4. The invention adopts soilless culture water culture mode for the culture of leaf vegetable crops, can culture all the year round without season limitation, belongs to green food, and is safer and more relieved for eating.
5. According to the invention, the sodium sulfide with a proper concentration is used for treating the leaf vegetable crops, so that the growth of the leaf vegetable crops can be accelerated, the leaf vegetable crops can be picked in advance, and the investment cost is greatly saved.
6. The invention improves the yield, the pod number and the single plant yield of the bean crops, and the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the fruits is increased to a certain extent.
7. The sodium sulfide selected by the invention has low concentration, can be carbonated in the air to form hydrogen sulfide to act on crops after being used, has short retention time and has no pollution to the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a table diagram of example 1 for increasing Chinese cabbage biomass by sodium sulfide;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the sodium sulfide enhanced biomass profiles of Suzhou brassica napus in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a table diagram of the sodium sulfide for improving the biomass of four season Chinese little greens in example 3;
FIG. 4 is a chart of the sodium sulfide profile for increasing the biomass of American fast heat-resistant lettuce in example 4;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the grain size of the fruits of mung bean No. 2 Sulv increased by sodium sulfide in example 5;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the grain size of the Sukang No. 3 mung bean fruit with sodium sulfide for improving yield in example 6;
FIG. 7 is a graph of example 7 showing that sodium sulfide increases the fruit grain size of red bean Suhong No. 2;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the particle size of the fruit for increasing the yield of red bean Suhong No. 3 in example 8 by sodium sulfide.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
All raw materials are sodium sulfide nonahydrate solids, and the sodium sulfide nonahydrate solids need to be stored in a sealed, shady and cool place away from light, so that the sodium sulfide nonahydrate solids are prevented from contacting with an oxidant and acids, and the sodium sulfide nonahydrate solids are not suitable for long-term storage so as to avoid deterioration; the sodium sulfide water solution should be prepared as it is.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving crop yield and improving quality by using hydrogen sulfide donor sodium sulfide, wherein sodium sulfide is used as a donor of hydrogen sulfide gas to improve the yield and improve the quality of green Chinese cabbage, seeds need to be subjected to germination accelerating treatment at the temperature of 22-25 ℃, water culture planting is carried out after green leaves grow out, the green Chinese cabbage is treated by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0-0.8mmol/L from two leaves, the treatment is carried out for 2-4 times continuously at intervals of 12-24 hours each time, and then the culture is continuously carried out for 48-144 hours by using a nutrient solution, and the treatment is a cycle and generally needs 4-6 cycles continuously.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting plump seeds, washing the seeds for 3 times by using tap water to remove impurities contained in the seeds, disinfecting the seeds by using a 5% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution for 10 to 15min, and washing the seeds for 20 to 30min by using the tap water to completely remove the sodium hypochlorite;
2) spreading the seeds evenly in a culture dish with filter paper, adding a small amount of deionized water, placing the seeds in an incubator at the temperature of 22-25 ℃, replacing the deionized water every 12-24 hours, and germinating the seeds after 2-3 days;
3) selecting seeds with consistent bud length, orderly placing the seeds in a culture dish, paying attention to the fact that the distance between every two rows cannot be too small, the too small distance affects the growth of roots, continuously placing the seeds in an incubator at the temperature of 22-25 ℃ for culture, adding deionized water every 6-12 hours, and growing green leaves after 1-2 days;
4) under the temperature condition of 25-30 ℃, carrying out soilless culture water culture planting on the seedlings with consistent growth vigor, and culturing until two leaves and one core are formed;
5) weighing 0.012g of sodium sulfide, dissolving the sodium sulfide in 5mL of deionized water to prepare a mother solution A with the concentration of 10mmol/L, adding different volumes of deionized water into different volumes of the mother solution A according to a certain proportion to dilute the mother solution A into sodium sulfide solutions with different concentrations of 0-0.8mmol/L, treating crops with the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0-0.8mmol/L from two leaves and one core, continuously treating for 2-4 times at intervals of 12-24 h every time, and then culturing for 48-144 h with a nutrient solution. The treatment is one cycle, and one treatment cycle is 3-10 days.
6) Thereafter, the cultivation of step 5 is repeated for 4 to 6 cycles.
In the embodiment, the Chinese cabbage is subjected to an experiment of increasing crop biomass and improving crop quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, the fresh weight of the picked Chinese cabbage is weighed by using an electronic balance, and a sample is collected to determine the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C. The experiment is repeated three times, and the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C in the sample are measured at the same position of the leaf of the Chinese cabbage of the four seasons. The results are shown in table 1 and are expressed as "mean ± standard deviation", and the difference between the treatment and control groups was analyzed using the Duncan test, indicating a significant difference at a P <0.05 level.
TABLE 1 sodium sulfide treatment of Chinese cabbage biomass, chlorophyll, soluble protein, vitamin C content
As can be seen from Table 1, the biomass, the chlorophyll content, the soluble protein content and the vitamin C content of the Chinese cabbage after being treated by the sodium sulfide solutions with different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.8mmol/L) are respectively counted, and the biomass, the chlorophyll content, the soluble protein content and the vitamin C content of the Chinese cabbage after being treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.5 mmol/L are all improved to a certain extent compared with a control group, but the treatment effect of the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.25 mmol/L is the best. The biomass of the Chinese cabbage treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L is the largest, and the biomass is increased by 16.41g per plant compared with the average control; the chlorophyll content is highest, and is increased by 0.0698mg/g on average compared with the control. The Chinese cabbage treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L has the highest soluble protein content and vitamin C content, the soluble protein content is averagely increased by 0.21g/100g compared with the control, and the vitamin C content is averagely increased by 11.29mg/100g compared with the control.
Example 2
This example provides a method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the application of sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor for improving yield and quality of suzhou rape, which is performed in the same manner as example 1.
In the embodiment of the scheme, Suzhou green rape is used for carrying out an experiment of increasing crop biomass and improving crop quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, the fresh weight of the picked Suzhou green rape is weighed by using an electronic balance, and a sample is collected to determine the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C. The experiment is repeated three times, and the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C in the sample are measured at the same position of the leaf of the Suzhou green rape each time. The results are shown in table 2 and are expressed as "mean ± standard deviation", and the difference between the treatment and control groups was analyzed using the Duncan test, indicating a significant difference at a P <0.05 level.
TABLE 2 sodium sulfide treatment of biomass, chlorophyll, soluble protein, vitamin C content of Suzhou green rape
As can be seen from Table 2, the biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content of Suzhou green rape treated by sodium sulfide solutions with different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.8mmol/L) are respectively counted, and the biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content of Suzhou green rape treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025 to 0.5mmol/L are all improved to a certain extent compared with those of a control group, but the treatment effect of the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1 to 0.25mmol/L is the best. The content of soluble protein of the Suzhou green rape treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L is the highest, and the content is increased by 1.08g/100g on average compared with the control; the content of vitamin C is the highest, and is increased by 4.47mg/100g on average compared with the control. The biomass of the Suzhou green rape treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L is the maximum, and the biomass of the Suzhou green rape is increased by 25.19g compared with that of the control on average; the chlorophyll content is highest, and is increased by 6.21mg/g on average compared with the control.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for improving crop yield and improving quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the application of the sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor in improving the yield and improving quality of Chinese cabbage, which is implemented by the same steps as embodiment 1.
In the embodiment, the four-season Chinese little greens are adopted to carry out the experiment of increasing crop biomass and improving quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, the fresh weight of the picked four-season Chinese little greens is weighed by an electronic balance, and a sample is collected to determine the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C. The experiment is repeated three times, and the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C in the sample are the contents of the leaves at the same positions of the four-season Chinese little greens. The results are shown in table 3 and are expressed as "mean ± standard deviation", and the difference between the treatment and control groups was analyzed using the Duncan test, indicating a significant difference at a P <0.05 level.
TABLE 3 Biomass, chlorophyll, soluble protein, vitamin C content of Siji pickled Chinese cabbage treated with sodium sulfide
As can be seen from Table 3, the biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content of the four-season Chinese little greens treated by sodium sulfide solutions with different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.8mmol/L) are respectively counted, and the biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content of the four-season Chinese little greens treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.5 mmol/L are all improved to a certain extent compared with those of a control group, but the treatment effect of the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.25 mmol/L is the best. The biomass of the four-season Chinese little greens treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L is the maximum, and the biomass of each Chinese little greens is increased by 10.33g compared with that of each Chinese little greens treated by a control; the chlorophyll content is highest, and is increased by 0.7mg/g on average compared with a control; the content of soluble protein is the highest, and is increased by 0.86g/100g on average compared with the control. The vitamin C content of the four-season Chinese little greens treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L is the highest, and is increased by 10.62mg/100g on average compared with a control.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for improving crop yield and improving quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the sodium sulfide is used as a donor of hydrogen sulfide gas to improve the yield and improve the quality of American fast heat-resistant lettuce.
In the embodiment, American big-speed heat-resistant lettuce is adopted to carry out experiments of increasing crop biomass and improving quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, the fresh weight of the picked American big-speed heat-resistant lettuce is weighed by using an electronic balance, and samples are collected to determine the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C. The experiment is repeated three times, and the contents of chlorophyll, protein and vitamin C in the sample are measured at the same position of the American fast heat-resistant lettuce. The results are shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 sodium sulfide treatment of biomass, chlorophyll, soluble protein, vitamin C content of US Rapid Heat resistant lettuce
As can be seen from Table 4, the biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content of the American Suo-taeda heat-resistant lettuce treated by sodium sulfide solutions with different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.8mmol/L) are respectively counted, and the biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and vitamin C content of the American Suo-taeda heat-resistant lettuce treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.4 mmol/L are all improved to a certain extent compared with the control group, but the treatment effect of the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.05-0.1 mmol/L is the best. The American fast heat-resistant lettuce treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L has the highest chlorophyll content, and the chlorophyll content is increased by 0.25mg/g on average compared with a control; the content of soluble protein is the highest, which is increased by 0.52g/100g on average compared with the control; the content of vitamin C is the highest, and is increased by 9.75mg/100g on average compared with the control. The biomass of the American heat-resistant lettuce treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.05mmol/L is the largest, and the biomass is increased by 11.635g per lettuce on average compared with the control.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for improving crop yield and quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, wherein the sodium sulfide is used as a hydrogen sulfide donor to improve the yield of the suzuo No. 2 mung bean and improve the quality, seeds need to be subjected to germination accelerating treatment at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and after the seeds germinate, the seeds with consistent germination are selected for sowing. Watering every 3-4 days after sowing, and performing root irrigation treatment on the seedlings for 1-2 times by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0-0.8mmol/L at the initial growth stage (4-5 leaves grow), wherein the interval is 2-3 days each time. And (3) spraying the mixed solution of sodium sulfide with the concentration of 0-0.8mmol/L on the leaf surfaces of the crops for 2-5 times at an interval of 5-10 days. The spraying sodium sulfide mixed solution is prepared by uniformly mixing 0-0.8mmol/L sodium sulfide solution and BD-3077 or Tween-80 according to the volume ratio of 500-1000: 1.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting plump seeds, washing the seeds for 3 times by using tap water to remove impurities contained in the seeds, disinfecting the seeds by using a 5% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution for 10 to 15min, and washing the seeds for 20 to 30min by using the tap water to completely remove the sodium hypochlorite;
2) spreading the seeds evenly in a culture dish with filter paper, adding a small amount of deionized water, placing the seeds in an incubator at 25-30 ℃, replacing the deionized water every 12-24 hours, wherein the mung beans can germinate within 10-14 hours, and the red beans germinate within 48-72 hours;
3) selecting seeds with consistent growth vigor for sowing, watering once every 3-4 days, and performing root irrigation treatment on the seeds for 1-2 times by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0-0.8mmol/L when 4-5 leaves grow out, wherein the interval is 2-3 days each time;
4) spraying the leaf surfaces of the crops with a sodium sulfide mixed solution with the sodium sulfide concentration of 0-0.8mmol/L for 2-5 times at an interval of 5-10 days in the flowering period;
5) after crops are mature, one mung bean and one red bean are picked and stored, and the number of pods of each plant is counted; counting the grain number of each plant, the yield of each plant and the thousand seed weight after the plant is peeled; and (4) crushing the peeled beans by a crusher, and then measuring the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein.
In the embodiment, the Sulv No. 2 mung beans are used for carrying out an experiment of increasing the crop yield and improving the quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, mature Sulv No. 2 mung beans are picked and stored one by one, and the number of pods of each plant, the number of grains of each plant, the yield of each plant and the thousand grain weight are counted; pulverizing peeled Sulv No. 2 mung bean with a pulverizer, and measuring the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the mung bean. The results are shown in tables 5 and 6:
TABLE 5 number of pods per plant, grain per plant, yield per plant, thousand grain weight of sodium sulfide treated Sulv No. 2 mung beans
As can be seen from table 5, four yield indexes, i.e., the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant, the yield per plant, and the thousand seed weight of the suzuo No. 2 mung beans treated with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.8mmol/L) were respectively counted, and it was found that the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant, the yield per plant, and the thousand seed weight of the suzuo No. 2 mung beans treated with sodium sulfide solution of 0.025 to 0.5mmol/L were all improved to some extent as compared with the control group. The number of pods of a single plant, the number of grains of the single plant, the yield of the single plant and the thousand seed weight of the sulv mung bean No. 2 treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L all achieve the best effect, the number of the pods of the single plant, the number of the grains of the single plant, the yield of the single plant and the thousand seed weight of the single plant are increased by 24.7 compared with the control on average, the number of the pods of the single plant is increased by 344 compared with the control, the yield of the single plant is increased by 23.48g compared with.
TABLE 6 soluble protein, soluble sugar content of sodium sulfide treated Sulv No. 2 mung bean
As can be seen from table 6, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the mung bean of soyabean No. 2 treated with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.8mmol/L) was counted, and it was found that the soluble protein and soluble sugar content of the mung bean of soyabean No. 2 were improved to some extent in comparison with the control group after the treatment with sodium sulfide solution of concentration 0.025 to 0.8 mmol/L. The soluble protein content and the soluble sugar content of the suzuo No. 2 mung bean treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L achieve the best effect, and the soluble protein content is averagely increased by 3.25g/100g compared with the control; the content of soluble sugar is increased by 10.09g/100g compared with the control on average.
Example 6
This example provides a method for increasing crop yield and improving crop quality using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the application of sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor for increasing yield and improving quality of Sukang 3 mung bean, which is the same as example 5.
In the embodiment, the Sukang 3 mung beans are used for carrying out an experiment of increasing the crop yield and improving the quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, mature Sukang 3 mung beans are picked and stored one by one, and the number of pods of each plant, the number of grains of each plant, the yield of each plant and the thousand grain weight of each plant are counted. Grinding peeled Sukang No. 3 mung beans by using a grinder, and measuring the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the beans. The results are shown in tables 7 and 8:
TABLE 7 number of pods per plant, grain per plant, yield per plant, thousand grain weight of sodium sulfide treated Sukang No. 3 mung beans
As can be seen from Table 7, four yield indexes of pod number of Sukang 3, seed number of individual plant, yield of individual plant and thousand seed weight after treatment with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.8mmol/L) are respectively counted, and the pod number of individual plant, seed number of individual plant, yield of individual plant and thousand seed weight of Sukang 3 mung bean after treatment with the sodium sulfide solution of 0.05-0.1 mmol/L concentration are all improved to a certain extent compared with the control group. The Sukang No. 3 mung beans treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.05mmol/L achieve the best effects on the number of single plant grains, the single plant yield and the thousand grain weight, the number of single plant fruit pods is increased by 18.2 on average compared with the control number, the number of single plant grains is increased by 155 on average compared with the control number, the single plant yield is increased by 12.33g on average compared with the control number, and the thousand grain weight is increased by 6.75g on average compared with the control number.
TABLE 8 soluble protein, soluble sugar content of sodium sulfide treated Sukang No. 3 mung beans
As can be seen from table 8, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the bean seeds crushed from the sukang 3 mung beans treated with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.8mmol/L) is respectively counted, and it is found that the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the sukang 3 mung beans treated with the sodium sulfide solution of 0.025 to 0.8mmol/L is improved to a certain extent compared with that in the control group, the soluble protein reaches the best effect, and the content of soluble protein in the sukang 3 mung beans treated with the sodium sulfide solution of 0.1mmol/L is increased by 2.82g/100g on average compared with that in the control group; the soluble sugar content of the Sukang No. 3 mung bean treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.05mmol/L achieves the best effect, and is increased by 6.91g/100g on average compared with a control.
Example 7
This example provides a method for increasing crop yield and improving crop quality using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the application of sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor for increasing yield and improving quality of red bean suhong No. 2, which is performed in the same manner as example 5.
In the embodiment, the red bean suhong No. 2 is used for carrying out the experiment of increasing the crop yield and improving the quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the mature red bean suhong No. 2 is picked and stored one by one, and the number of pods of each plant, the number of grains of each plant, the yield of each plant and the thousand grain weight are counted. Pulverizing peeled Suhong No. 2 red bean with pulverizer, and measuring content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in bean. The results are shown in tables 9 and 10:
TABLE 9 number of pods per plant, grain per plant, yield per plant, thousand grain weight of sodium sulfide treated Suhong No. 2 red beans
As can be seen from table 9, four yield indexes, namely, the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant, the yield per plant, and the thousand seed weight of the red bean of surong No. 2 treated with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.8mmol/L) are respectively counted, and it is found that the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant, the yield per plant, and the thousand seed weight of the red bean of surong No. 2 treated with sodium sulfide solution of concentrations of 0.025 to 0.5mmol/L are all improved to a certain extent compared with those of the control group. The Suhong No. 2 red bean treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L has the best effects on the number of pods of a single plant, the number of grains of the single plant, the yield of the single plant and the thousand seed weight, wherein the number of the pods of the single plant is increased by 20.7 pods on average compared with the control, the number of the grains of the single plant is increased by 93.67 grains on average compared with the control, the yield of the single plant is increased by 8.25g on average compared with the control, and the thousand seed weight is increased by 4.25g on average compared with the control.
TABLE 10 soluble protein, soluble sugar content of sodium sulfide treated Suhong No. 2 red beans
As can be seen from table 10, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the milled bean curd of red bean No. 2 treated with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.8mmol/L) was counted, and it was found that the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in red bean No. 2 treated with sodium sulfide solution of concentration 0.025 to 0.5mmol/L was increased to some extent compared with the control group. The content of soluble protein and soluble sugar of the red bean of Suhong No. 2 treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L achieves the best effect, and the content of the soluble protein is averagely increased by 1.19g/100g compared with the control; the content of soluble sugar is increased by 3.41g/100g on average compared with the control.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a method for improving crop yield and improving crop quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the application of the sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor in improving the yield and improving the quality of red bean suhong No. 3 is implemented by the specific steps of the embodiment 5.
In the embodiment of the scheme, the red bean of Suhong No. 3 is adopted to carry out an experiment of increasing the crop yield and improving the quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor, and the mature red bean of Suhong No. 3 is picked and stored one by one, so that the number of pods of each plant, the number of grains of each plant, the yield of each plant and the weight of thousand grains are counted. And (3) crushing the peeled red bean of Suhong No. 3 by using a crusher, and measuring the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the bean. The results are shown in tables 11 and 12:
TABLE 11 number of pods per plant, grain per plant, yield per plant, thousand grain weight of sodium sulfide treated Suhong No. 3 red beans
As can be seen from table 11, four yield indexes, namely, the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant, the yield per plant, and the thousand seed weight of suzuki 3 red beans treated with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.8mmol/L) are counted, and it is found that the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per plant, the yield per plant, and the thousand seed weight of suzuki 3 red beans treated with sodium sulfide solution of concentrations of 0.025 to 0.5mmol/L are all improved to a certain extent compared with those of the control group. The red bean of Suhong No. 3 treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L has the best effects on the number of pods of a single plant, the number of grains of the single plant and the yield of the single plant, wherein the number of the pods of the single plant is averagely increased by 20.8 compared with that of a control, the number of grains of the single plant is averagely increased by 141.67 compared with that of the control, and the yield of the single plant is averagely increased by 11.25g compared with that of the control; the thousand kernel weight is the largest, and is increased by 7.63g on average compared with the control.
TABLE 12 soluble protein, soluble sugar content of sodium sulfide treated Suhong No. 3 Red Bean
As can be seen from table 12, the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the crushed beans of red bean 3 of surong treated with sodium sulfide solutions of different concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.8mmol/L) was counted, and it was found that the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in red bean 3 of surong treated with sodium sulfide solution of concentration 0.025 to 0.5mmol/L was increased to some extent compared with the control group. The content of soluble protein and soluble sugar of the red bean of Suhong No. 3 treated by the sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1mmol/L achieves the best effect, and the content of the soluble protein is averagely increased by 0.85g/100g compared with the contrast; the content of soluble sugar is increased by 3.48g/100g on average compared with the control.
In conclusion, the sodium sulfide improves the biomass of the leaf vegetable crops, improves the quality, increases the biomass by increasing the leaf area, improves the chlorophyll content, and increases the content of soluble protein and vitamin C; the sodium sulfide can increase the yield of the bean crops, improve the quality, increase the biomass, increase the pod number, the single-plant grain number and the single-plant yield, and simultaneously increase the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar in the fruits.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving crop yield and improving crop quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor is characterized in that the sodium sulfide is used for improving crop biomass and improving crop quality, specifically, seeds are subjected to germination acceleration, water culture planting is carried out after green leaves grow out, sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.25 mmol/L is continuously treated for 2-4 times from two leaves to one heart, and the interval is 12-24 hours each time; and culturing for 48-144 h by using a nutrient solution, wherein the treatment is a period and is continuous for 4-6 periods.
2. A method for improving crop yield and improving quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor is characterized in that the sodium sulfide is used for improving the yield and improving quality of bean crops, and specifically, the root irrigation is carried out by using a sodium sulfide solution with the concentration of 0.025-0.8 mmol/L in the early growth stage of the bean crops, the root irrigation is carried out for 1-2 times continuously, and the interval is 2-3 days each time; spraying sodium sulfide mixed liquor with the sodium sulfide concentration of 0.025-0.8 mmol/L on the leaf surfaces of the beans in the flowering period, spraying sodium sulfide mixed liquor on the leaf surfaces at intervals of 5-10 days every time, continuously spraying for 2-5 times, spraying 50-100 ml of sodium sulfide mixed liquor on each seedling every time, and uniformly mixing 0.025-0.8 mmol/L of sodium sulfide solution with BD-3077 or Tween-80 according to the volume ratio of 500-1000: 1 to obtain the sodium sulfide mixed liquor.
3. The method for improving crop yield and improving crop quality by using sodium sulfide as a hydrogen sulfide donor according to claim 2, wherein the sodium sulfide is used for improving the yield and improving the quality of the legume, and the root irrigation treatment is performed by using a sodium sulfide solution with a concentration of 0.025-0.5 mmol/L in the early growth stage of the legume.
4. The method for improving the yield and the quality of crops by using the sodium sulfide as the hydrogen sulfide donor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sodium sulfide is used for improving the yield and the quality of the bean crops, and is specifically used for spraying sodium sulfide mixed liquor with the sodium sulfide concentration of 0.025-0.5 mmol/L on the leaf surfaces of the crops in the flowering period of the bean crops.
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