CN105557427A - Planting method of selenium-rich passiflora edulis - Google Patents

Planting method of selenium-rich passiflora edulis Download PDF

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CN105557427A
CN105557427A CN201510972684.6A CN201510972684A CN105557427A CN 105557427 A CN105557427 A CN 105557427A CN 201510972684 A CN201510972684 A CN 201510972684A CN 105557427 A CN105557427 A CN 105557427A
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fruit
weight
selenium
planting
soil
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CN105557427B (en
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何树悠
黄日明
包鸿铭
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Guangxi Green Hope Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Guangxi Green Hope Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method of selenium-rich passiflora edulis. The variety of the planted passiflora edulis is Tainung No1. The planting method comprises steps as follows: land selection, land preparation, field planting, shelving, training and pruning, fertilizer and water management, field management and pest control. According to the planting method of the selenium-rich passiflora edulis, a selenium-rich fertilizer fermentation broth obtained through fermentation of inorganic selenium fertilizer is sprayed to leaf surfaces and fruits of the passiflora edulis, the average single fruit weight of the produced passiflora edulis is 63 g, the maximum single fruit weight is 125 g, the fruit juice is reddish yellow and has strong fragrance, the acidity is 2.14%, the highest selenium content can reach 12 mu g/kg, the sweetness reaches 23% Brix, the fruit juice rate is up to 34%, the color and luster are bright, the yield is high, pollution is prevented, and five crops are harvested every year.

Description

The implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit
Technical field
The invention belongs to the implantation methods of economic crops, particularly relate to the implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit.
Background technology
Passion fruit, original name: egg fruit, [Classification system] Passionforaedulisf.flavicarpaDeg, [another name] foreign pomegranate, violet passion fruit, Passifloraceae, Passiflora herbaceous species, stem tool stria, without hair.Leaf papery, middle sliver is avette, both sides sliver ovum shape Long Circle, and valve margin has the tapering sawtooth of interior curved gland, top, outside tool 1 horn shape appendix; The non-pleated of interior corona, the full edge in top or for irregular shape of tearing, pistac; Ovary falls ovoid, flat bar-shaped, column cap kidney shape.Berry ovoid, without hair, purple time ripe; Seed is most, avette.Originate in large Lesser Antilles, now extensively plant in subtropical and tropical zones.Vegetables, feed be eaten or be done to fruit can raw.Fruit flesh succulence liquid, adds calcium bicarbonate and sugar, can be made into the beverage that fragrance is good to eat.Seed extracts oil, can edible and soapmaking, liquefaction paint etc.According to scientific forecasting, its fruit contains needed by human body 17 seed amino acid, multivitamin and carotenoid, comprising very abundant natural Vitamin C, just containing Vitamin C in every 100 grams of fruit juice is 34.6 milligrams, also be rich in dimension life A, B1, B2 etc., in addition also containing material and trace elements such as abundant calcium, phosphorus, iron and several amino acids.Soluble solid accounts for 5%-16%, and total acid content is 3.8%-4%, and sweet acid is moderate.Nutritive value is very high, is raw material with it, is processed into fruit juice, fruit dew, jam, jelly, unique flavor.Pericarp is capable of using as feed and extract pectin, and root, stem, Ye Junke are used as medicine, have anti-inflammatory analgetic, invigorate blood circulation keep fit, enriching yin and nourishing kidney, blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing, refresh oneself sober up, the magical health-care effect such as dispelling fatigue, toxin-expelling and face nourishing, develop immunitypty.
In view of passion fruit pulp is delicious sweet, flower fragrance attacks people, also can be used as ornamental plants, gives very comfortable sensation.And according to the study, passion fruit is also very outstanding to the health care of human body, skin-protecting face nursing, appetite-stimulating indigestion-relieving, to produce refreshing effect to the mind, have good suppression, therapeutic action to diseases such as sphagitis, enterogastritis, whelk, hemorrhoid.Therefore there are a lot of scholar or company all to carry out large quantifier elimination to the plantation of passion fruit, retrieve following some documents about passion fruit implantation methods:
Application number: 201310450749.1; Applicant: Liu Xuanhua; Denomination of invention: a kind of cultivation method that can make passion fruit batch maturation high yield again; Summary: the invention provides a kind of cultivation method that can make passion fruit batch maturation high yield again, it is characterized in that: the column that frame is oppositely arranged by two row, cross bar on column, the steel wire floor on cross bar and the nylon wire be arranged on steel wire floor and plastic film are formed, column and cross bar form door font frame, and cross bar is divided into upper and lower layer cross bar.Pruning be when main climing grow to and exceed lower floor cross bar 9-12cm from frame time pinch, when impelling main climing branch to grow lateral bine and 5-6 row culture one-level lateral bine of selecting and remain, carry out second time when one-level lateral bine grows to 45-55cm to pinch, secondary to level Four lateral bine all takes the method for one-level lateral bine to carry out.Rich water quality management, adopts the fertilising of liquid manure drip irrigation type.This cultivation method not only output is high, and passion fruit tree body can be made substantially to accomplish unified, ripe unified, unification of gathering of blooming, and is conducive to large-scale production.
Application number: 201410254702.2; Applicant: Meng Liuning; Denomination of invention: the implantation methods of passion fruit; Summary: the implantation methods that the invention discloses a kind of passion fruit, comprise the following steps: to choose that the soil is porous fertile, draining is good, sunny, the soil that is erected with booth, excavate field planting ditch, water, organic fertilizer, plantation passion fruit seedling, sets up flat roof type frame with bamboo pole, regularly water, branch-finishing and pruning.Adopt the passion fruit output of the present invention's plantation higher.
Application number: 201410285178.5; Applicant: the beautiful ground of woods; Denomination of invention: the method for passion fruit plantation; Summary: the method that the invention discloses the plantation of a kind of passion fruit, belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, and what the method adopted is that passion fruit and earthworm interplanting cover are supported; Include: selection of land, the c that ditches, dig cave, set up passion fruit frame, plantation passion fruit sapling, earthworm raising, do the step of daily nursing to passion fruit.The method of this passion fruit plantation can solve the problem of existing cultivation and cultural technique deficiency.
Application number: 201410804239.4, applicant: Guizhou platform peasants who dig gold industry technological development Co., Ltd, denomination of invention: a kind of passion fruit implantation methods, summary: the present invention relates to agriculture forestry planting technical field, especially a kind of passion fruit implantation methods, after immersion treatment is carried out to passion fruit seed, bactericidal agent is adopted to carry out sterilization treatment again, and using after its vernalization as scion, graft seedling growth process is carried out as stock employing sapling of growing directly from seeds, and then make the plantation seedling raising process of passion fruit become manual control environmental condition, and then make in continuous incubation, passion fruit produces a procedure of adaptation to environment, and then the passion fruit seedling obtained by graft seedling growth again carries out process of planting, and in the process of planting, base is processed, make ponding less, moisture supply suitably, and then improve the survival rate of passion fruit, improve the output of passion fruit, reduce the planting cost of passion fruit, avoid the impact of introducing a fine variety the temperature difference and bringing to the Quality and yield of passion fruit.
Application number: 201510065798.2; Applicant: Co., Ltd of Wan Jiang vegetables industry Institute for Research and Technology of Anhui Province; Denomination of invention: a kind of passion fruit implantation methods; Summary: the implantation methods that the invention discloses a kind of passion fruit, comprises following content: seed selection, nursery arrangement, seed treatment, presprouting of seeds, transplanting, nursery bed management, go out garden, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest; Implantation methods of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, abundance, and the fruit obtained is aesthetic in appearance, and nutrient component is high, decreases the impact on environment simultaneously, has higher economic worth.
[autograph] passion fruit culture technique; [author] Li Li, Zhang Li; [periodical name] Rural Area of Guangdong Province practical technique; One, passion fruit of planting all can be planted the whole year, but more suitable with the 3-5 month, 9 ~ November.General passion fruit Economical cultivation year is limited to 4 ~ 5 years, after gathering, old strain can be surgeried and upgrade comprehensively in the 5th year.1, to plant specification: passion fruit is climing property fruit tree, is advisable during plantation with line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 3 ~ 4 meters.Spacing is planted in hillside fields should be wide a little, can not be overstocked.2. method for planting: dig wide 60 centimetres, dark 60 centimetres planting pit, apply the compost and soil that mix, then puts down gently fruit seedling in plant hole central authorities, then returns soil and fill and lead up.Axillalry bud should be extractd after surviving.Only stay main climing terminal bud.Need after field planting to found pole pillar in time, with guide main climing climb added.Two, during setting up the cultivation of frame passion fruit, must frame be set, to manage and to gather.Common are A font frame, set up 1 A space section iron chassis every 5 ~ 6 meters, draw 1 No. 8 iron wire on its top, both sides respectively draw 2 No. 8 iron wires, to strut the tendril hung down, make frame inside keep ventilating, avoid the generation of epidemic disease.Also cross, horizontal type, level three line style frame etc. can be taken.Three, after the field planting of branch-finishing and pruning passion fruit, when leading climing climbing to frame iron wire, staying 2 lateral buds, dividing to both sides growth, time long to 2 meters, side shoot top being wiped out, to promote that the lateral bud of base portion occurs.Passion fruit avoids heavy pruning, need not cut by force every year, if pruning excessively, easily causes, master is climing withers gradually, and time serious, whole strain is withered.The branch that growth is overstocked must be pruned summer off, overhead 20 ~ 30 centimeters are removed, the branches and tendrils all hung down should be wiped out from 2 meters of by-passes about 5 centimeters winter to keep well-ventilated, wipe out the always climing and deadwood on frame simultaneously, branches and tendrils are made to maintain suitable space, unlikely undue closely overlapping, again grow bearing basal shoot and fruit bearing shoot to impel main climing or branch.Four, the rational application of fertilizer is based on fertilizer, not inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, be 2:1:4 in conjunction with chemical fertilizer application N:P:K, namely 0.25 kilogram, ammonium sulfate, superphosphate 0.125 kilogram, 0.5 kilogram, potassium chloride are executed in annual every strain, apply fertilizer for 3 times respectively at after sprouting sproutings, fruit development, fruit picking point.Five, water management passion fruit is more drought-enduring, but still needs during winter dryness to irrigate.If soil is too dry, shoot growth and fruit development can be affected, time serious, cause that branch is withered, fruit stasi, and shedding phenomenon occurs; Rainy season is notably orchard draining then.To plant on level land passion fruit, should between furrow and orchard surrounding excavate drain ditch.Six, artificial supplementary pollination passion fruit every morning 11 time about bloom, artificial pollination should in the afternoon 4 time before complete, to improve ripening rate.Artificial pollination has 2 kinds of methods: pollen is evenly smeared on 3 posts of gynoecium with writing brush by (1); (2) gather pollen sac with tweezers to put in clean cup, add water and make pollen soluble in water, then with sprayer, pollen water is sprayed onto on pistil stigma.Seven, can land by nature after gethering and processing passion fruit maturation, should pick up in time, preferably tidy up in fruit lands 3 days, otherwise fruit be exposed to the sun and rain, and easily rots.Make raw material with passion fruit, the product such as fruit juice, fruit dew, jam, jelly can be processed into.
Can see also there is no the bibliographical information that the implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit is relevant at present from above-mentioned document.Along with the quickening of modern life rhythm, the increasing of people's life stress, the health of people is in " sub-key health " state for a long time.Chinese Soclety of Nutrition did an investigation to 13 provinces and cities of China and showed, Coming-of-Age Day, average selenium intake was 26-32 microgram, and bottom line 50 microgram of recommending from Chinese Soclety of Nutrition is far apart.General vegetable food selenium content is lower.Rich selenium fruit is namely containing the fruit product enriching selenium element.Selenium is the trace element of needed by human.Selenium participates in multiple selenoenzyme and Selenonic protein in synthesized human.Its Glutathione Peroxidase, catalysis hydroperoxides or MDA change water or various alcohols in vivo, eliminate the biomembranous attack of radical pair, and protection biomembrane is from oxidative damage; Selenium participates in forming iodate thyroid gland amino acid and takes off iodine enzyme.
And the passion fruit output being called as " king of fruit juice " is high, within 1 year, can gather in the crops for 5 seasons.Therefore, rich selenium passion fruit is produced imperative.
For above-mentioned defect, the invention provides a kind of implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit, the fertile zymotic fluid of rich selenium utilizing fermentation to obtain inorganic selenium fertilizer is sprayed on passion fruit blade face and fruit, thus increases the Se content of passion fruit.
Summary of the invention
For above problem, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit, the fertile zymotic fluid of rich selenium utilizing fermentation to obtain inorganic selenium fertilizer is sprayed on passion fruit blade face and fruit, namely utilize the vital metabolic of the bacillus in the fertile zymotic fluid of rich selenium movable, inorganic selenium fertilizer is converted into biogenic organic selenium compounds, under the powerful chelation of sodium phytate, Organic Selenium can synergiticly be absorbed by corps leaf surface, and run up among agricultural product, and also added sisal hemp waste water in the fertile zymotic fluid of rich selenium, cow dung, pig manure, fulvic acid, soya-bean cake, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, shitosan and ammonium humate, growth for passion fruit provides abundant nutrient component.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
(1) kind is selected: passion fruit " No. one, platform agriculture ", be maternal, yellowly plant the F1 generation seed selection of carrying out hybridizing for male parent to form color be purplish red with purple kind, strong adaptability, it is good that cold resistance is planted than yellow, more fragrant than common passion fruit, sweeter, larger, without artificial pollination, output is than general passion fruit more high yield.Passion fruit " No. one, platform agriculture " variety characteristic: fruit is circular, and when how ripely becoming, pericarp is cerise, mean fruit weight 62.8 grams, and maximum 120 grams, fruit juice is goldenrod, and fragrance is strong, has kind of a fruit aroma, and acidity about 2.56%, fruit juice rate reaches 33%.
(2) selection of land: select to have a good transport service, be rich in organic matter, loosing soil, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, and sun-drenched level land is as the planting base in orchard.
(3) wholely: under the condition of level land, use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 40-50cm.
(4) field planting: after selecting cloudy day or rain, fine day digs planting pit, specification is 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 centimetres; The dark 10 centimetres wide circular grooves of 25 centimetres dig in surrounding outside 20 centimetres, Mei Xue center, use sufficient base manure, return table soil and mix thoroughly with fertilizer, make cave native higher than 10 centimetres, earth's surface, and then return lid layer cubsoil; During field planting, first nursery stock is carried out classification by height, size and root system quality, strong sprout and weak seedling are separately waited to plant, and are then dug by the soil in planting pit and smash to pieces, underlying soil is slightly compressed, return a small amount of soil, add water stirring pulping, the strain of every dibbling one, and root Shu Miao just, plant is put into definite value cave, last lid layer ravels earth.At the definite value initial stage, keep ground moistening, until Survival rate of nursery stock; If in field planting in summer, sunlight, than time stronger, note moisturizing of shading.
(5) built: adopt rod material to be barricaded as fence type built, line-spacing is 2 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, takes 100-105 root rod for every mu, frame height 1.8-2 rice, respectively at 90 centimetres, an anticorrosion steel wire is respectively drawn in the position of 140 centimetres and 200 centimetres.
(6) pruning: after plant restoration ecosystem, smears 1 bud in every 5 days, impels main climing fast-growing, sturdy, and guides main climing upper built; Stay 2 major branches after First Year raw plant master climing arrival built steel wire, stretch along horizontal iron wire, from the raw fruit bearing shoot of major branch, make the sagging growth of fruit bearing shoot, and lead and lead lateral bine and on built, be wound around growth spirally, after lateral bine shelfful, disconnected top colligation; Fruit bearing shoot covers with fence type built space, and the branch near trunk first ties full fruit, after all maturation drops until the fruit of these branches, these branches is trimmed to immediately 2-3 joint; Cut off the fruit bearing shoot after often criticizing fruit picking, thin and weak branch, sick branch, residual branch in time, each lateral bine stays 3-4 joint to carry out cutting back, short its grows lateral bine again, branches and tendrils stay 2 eyes, erase the lateral bud spray that main climing and base portion sends under frame face in time, the overstocked branch of growth must be pruned annual summer off simultaneously, wipe out the branch of overhead 20-30 centimeters, to keep well-ventilated.
(7) rich water quality management: after field planting, 10-15 days root systems start to grow, executes Liquid Fertilizer for the first time and, in root system surrounding, executes once every 35 days later, connect and execute 3 times, and each every strain applying liquid fertilizer 5 kilograms, in root system surrounding, induces the growth of root system; Liquid Fertilizer is sprayed in time in fruit tree blade face, totally 2 times, every minor tick 10 days before blooming; In fruit young fruit period or fruit expanding period or expand and carry out blade face and fruit with Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid later stage to stationary phase and spray, carrying out the time interval that blade face and fruit spray is 7-10 days, uses Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid 700-900 kilogram for every mu; Need after fruit picking to spray Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid in time in fruit tree blade face; According to Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid during sprinkling: the part by weight of water is 1:50 dilute with water.
(8) field management: young sprout germination period, flower bud differentiation and the rapid expanding stage of fruit irrigate moisture in time, ensure that soil moisture is sufficient; Bud physiological differentiation is front and the soil conservation of fruit growth later stage is dry, can not have ponding; Fruit increase rapidly sagging before to fruit picking, intertill shallow hoe 2-3 time, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, and table soil spill one deck; Flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree.
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly to the control of the insect pests such as the diseases such as damping off, mosaic virus, anthracnose, leaf spot, epidemic disease, base rot disease, root rot and little trypetid, mite class, scale insect, aphid, plant hopper, cotton bollworm; Use the insect pest of lime control passion fruit, use bactericidal agent for preventing and treating passion fruit disease.
Base manure described in step (4) is made up of the raw material of following weight content: the 25-30% pig manure+15-20% decomposed cow dung+5-7% bone meal+9-11% that becomes thoroughly decomposed shines distiller's dried grain+6-8% colza cake+1-1.5% trace element+6-10% ammonium sulfate+3-5% superphosphate+12-20% potassium chloride+surplus ash.
Liquid Fertilizer described in step (7) is that every 100 kilograms of night soils add 15 kilograms of peanut press pulp water (peanut press pulp: the part by weight of water is that 1:4 dilution forms), 2 kilograms of potassium chloride and 4 kilograms of urea sealing and fermenting 5-10 days.
Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid described in step (7) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the sodium phytate of the bacillus of the sodium selenite of the pig manure of the sisal hemp waste water of 30-40 weight portion, the cow dung of 20-30 weight portion, 30-35 weight portion, the soya-bean cake of 10-20 weight portion, 8-15 weight portion, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate of 3-6 weight portion, 15-20 weight portion, the ammonium chloride of 1-3 weight portion, the shitosan of 5-8 weight portion, the ammonium humate of 5-8 weight portion and 15-20 weight portion; The preparation method of described Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid is: cow dung, pig manure, soya-bean cake, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, shitosan and ammonium humate by weight, mix, obtain mixture by (1); (2) sodium selenite of parts by weight, sodium phytate, bacillus and sisal hemp waste water is added in the mixture obtained in step (1), control moisture at 40%-50%, mix, put into the fermentation vat that cement makes, seal anaerobic fermentation 25 days, after fermentation ends, the material in fermentation vat is all taken out filtration, gained liquid is Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid.
Bactericide described in step (9) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the garlic oil of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid of 100-110 weight portion, pyroligneous liquor 600 times of liquid of 50-80 weight portion, the turpentine oil of 10-15 weight portion, the caryophyllus oil of 5-8 weight portion and 11-13 weight portion.
Described vinasse, for remaining recrement after the wine brewing such as rice, wheat, Chinese sorghum is remaining by the residue that dissolves and fine grained after coarse filtration removing solid cereal.Vinasse are a kind of well fertilizer, through chemical examination, the fertile dry matter nitrogen content of grain is 3.67%, phosphorus pentoxide is 1.92%, and potassium oxide is 1.10%, and containing various trace elements, wherein silicone content is higher, 1 cube of fertile farmyard manure being equivalent to 4 cubic metres of rice, poor fertile available nutrient is high, and potential nutrients service time is long.After soil application grain fertilizer, not only increase nutrient, can also soil be improved simultaneously, improve soil organic matter content.
Described peanut press pulp, be a kind of organic manure of high-quality, its C/N ratio is little, and after being manured into soil, decomposition rate is fast, easily produces fertilizer efficiency.The phosphorous potassium of peanut press pulp is all abundanter, and nutrient balance is complete, can meet the needs of fruit tree.So fruit tree executes the quality that peanut press pulp can increase production and can improve fruit.According to Guangzhou suburbs test, peanut press pulp coordinates potassium chloride to use, and lichee sugar increases by 0.73%, and vitamin C increases by 1.4%; Orange tree peanut press pulp coordinates potassium chloride, and sugar increases by 1.14%, and vitamin C increases by 5.8%.
Described sisal hemp waste water is by sisal hemp leaf through squeezing out sisal hemp waste residue water, then is crossed by sisal hemp waste residue water and filter sisal hemp waste residue, and the waste water obtained.Sisal hemp waste water is rich in the nutriments such as carbohydrate, protein, saponin(e, alkaloid and mineral matter.Sisal hemp wastewater source enriches, and Guangxi is the large province of sisal hemp plantation, and existing kind is implanted with about 250,000 mu, sisal hemp, account for 55% of national cultivated area, wherein can harvesting area about 200,000 mu, by Guangxi all can harvesting area about 200,000 mu of sisal hemps by per mu yield 8 tons, will waste water, the waste residue of output more than 140 ten thousand tons.
Selenium in sodium selenite is a kind of beneficial element needed for plant growth, the growing of selenium energy stimulating plant, seed germination and raising improving activity of root system, promote absorption and the plant metabolism of nutrition, improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, strengthen plant biological antioxidation and the resistance to environment-stress, improve the disease-resistant anti-adversity ability of crops, and there is the effect of antagonism heavy metal.
Described bacillus (Bacillus), one of Bacteriaceae belongs to bacterium, can form bacillus or the coccus of gemma (endospore).Bacillus (bacillus) overwhelming majority is a thalline, only form a gemma, gemma is positioned at thalline, is gram-positive bacteria, includes DNA, RNA, the special gemma protein that may be associated with DNA and synthetic protein and energy-producing system.Spore coat forms primarily of protein, in addition, also has a small amount of carbohydrate and lipoidis, may also have a large amount of phosphorus.Outermost layer is outer wall, and its main component is protein, a certain amount of glucose and lipoid.
Described shitosan is that natural plant nutrition urgees long agent--the raw material of foliage fertilizer, the foliage fertilizer composite by shitosan, plant insecticide can be given, disease-resistant, play the effect of fertilizer, plant and animal residues and minor metallic element in soil can be decomposed again, thus be converted into the nutrient of plant, strengthen via plant immunity, promote the health of plant; Containing rich in protein, trace element in shrimp shell, crab shell, after animal eats absorption, there is good nutritive value.
Described ammonium humate, outward appearance is crystallized black particle, or cylindrical particle, soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is alkalescent.Agriculturally, be used as humic acid fertilizer, can with the element compounds such as the nitrogen needed for plant, phosphorus, potassium after become multi-functional high-efficiency compound fertilizer, as soil conditioner, plant growth stimulator and fertilizer efficiency promoting agent.
Described sodium phytate, English name: phyticaciddodecasodiumfromrice, has another name called sodium phytate, molecular formula: C 6h 6o 24p 6na 12molecular weight: 682.0171, No. CAS: 14306-25-3, No. EINECS: 238-242-6, for white hygroscopic powder shape, soluble in water and hydrous ethanol, dissolve in the mixed liquor of hydrous ethanol and ether, be insoluble in absolute ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol etc., be a kind of important organic phosphor series additive, there is unique physiological function and chemical property, simultaneously or a kind of important fully natural green additive, the most significant feature has extremely strong huge legendary turtle cooperation use, has stronger non-oxidizability and protect look.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
1, the invention provides a kind of implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit, the fertile zymotic fluid of rich selenium utilizing fermentation to obtain inorganic selenium fertilizer is sprayed on passion fruit blade face and fruit, namely utilize the vital metabolic of the bacillus in the fertile zymotic fluid of rich selenium movable, inorganic selenium fertilizer is converted into biogenic organic selenium compounds, under the powerful chelation of sodium phytate, Organic Selenium can synergiticly be absorbed by corps leaf surface, and run up among agricultural product, and also added sisal hemp waste water in the fertile zymotic fluid of rich selenium, cow dung, pig manure, soya-bean cake, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, shitosan and ammonium humate, cow dung, pig manure and soya-bean cake provide full nutrition for passion fruit, and fertilizer efficiency is long, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium chloride provide the basic nutrient needed for passion fruit, the saponin(e that sisal hemp waste water contains can play bactericidal effect, sisal hemp biology enzyme, can complexing trace element, shitosan can give plant insecticide, disease-resistant, plays the effect of fertilizer, can decompose again plant and animal residues and minor metallic element in soil, thus be converted into the nutrient of plant, strengthens via plant immunity, promotes the health of plant, ammonium humate can with the element compounds such as the nitrogen needed for plant, phosphorus, potassium after become multi-functional high-efficiency compound fertilizer.These 11 kinds of materials combine, complement each other, the fertile zymotic fluid of the rich selenium obtained, can significantly increase Se content in agricultural product, promote absorption and the plant metabolism of nutrition, improve photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, strengthen plant biological antioxidation and the resistance to environment-stress, improve the disease-resistant anti-adversity ability of crops.
2, the invention provides a kind of implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit, selection adaptation is strong, cold resistance is high, fruit is fragrant and sweet greatly, without the need to the passion fruit kind of pollination, plant experimentally successfully as " No. one, platform agriculture ", fertilising is adopted as inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer mixing and uses Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid, the extermination of disease and insect pest adopts low toxicity prevention and controls, the passion fruit mean fruit weight 63 grams produced, maximum 125 grams, fruit juice is goldenrod, fragrance is strong, acidity 2.14%, the most high energy of Se content reaches 12 μ g/kg, sugariness reaches 23%Brix, fruit juice rate reaches 34%, bright in colour, output is high, pollution-free, 1 year 5 season of results.And the extra earning that the plantation of rich selenium passion fruit is local peasant household creates theoretical and actual foundation, significant to the soil environment and social environment improving locality.
3, the implantation methods of the rich selenium passion fruit of the present invention, fruit increase rapidly sagging before to fruit picking, intertill shallow hoe 2-3 time, loosing soil can be made ventilative and cut off soil capillary, be conducive to the decomposition of soil microbial activity and soil nutrient, and moisture evaporation can be reduced, improve the water retention capacity of soil.
4, bactericide of the present invention adopts plant resource sterilization component such as turpentine oil, caryophyllus oil and garlic oil and high-efficiency low-toxicity systemic fungicide carbendazim, pest repellant pyroligneous liquor to mix, play synergistic function, have good preventive and therapeutic effect to diseases such as damping off, mosaic virus, anthracnose, leaf spot, epidemic disease, base rot disease and root rot.Because carbendazim has interior suction to treat and protective effect, and pyroligneous liquor is because of containing the sterilization of much phenolic material mass-energy, sterilization, and walks quickly and keeps away insect; add plant resource sterilization component; common minimizing pesticide dosage, thus the persticide residue reducing fruit, ensure that people's is healthy.
5, the implantation methods of the rich selenium passion fruit of the present invention adopts the advanced farming such as powder ridge, base manure, Liquid Fertilizer, zymotic fluid and bactericide, fertilizer and removes insect pest technology, effectively improves soil property environment, soil with organic matter content is increased greatly.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) kind is selected: passion fruit " No. one, platform agriculture " kind.
(2) selection of land: select to have a good transport service, be rich in organic matter, loosing soil, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, and sun-drenched level land is as the planting base in orchard.
(3) wholely: under the condition of level land, use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 40-50cm.
(4) field planting: after selecting cloudy day or rain, fine day digs planting pit, specification is 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 centimetres; The dark 10 centimetres wide circular grooves of 25 centimetres dig in surrounding outside 20 centimetres, Mei Xue center, use sufficient base manure, return table soil and mix thoroughly with fertilizer, make cave native higher than 10 centimetres, earth's surface, and then return lid layer cubsoil; During field planting, first nursery stock is carried out classification by height, size and root system quality, strong sprout and weak seedling are separately waited to plant, and are then dug by the soil in planting pit and smash to pieces, underlying soil is slightly compressed, return a small amount of soil, add water stirring pulping, the strain of every dibbling one, and root Shu Miao just, plant is put into definite value cave, last lid layer ravels earth.At the definite value initial stage, keep ground moistening, until Survival rate of nursery stock; If in field planting in summer, sunlight, than time stronger, note moisturizing of shading.
(5) built: adopt rod material to be barricaded as fence type built, line-spacing is 2 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, takes 100-105 root rod for every mu, frame height 1.8-2 rice, respectively at 90 centimetres, an anticorrosion steel wire is respectively drawn in the position of 140 centimetres and 200 centimetres.
(6) pruning: after plant restoration ecosystem, smears 1 bud in every 5 days, impels main climing fast-growing, sturdy, and guides main climing upper built; Stay 2 major branches after First Year raw plant master climing arrival built steel wire, stretch along horizontal iron wire, from the raw fruit bearing shoot of major branch, make the sagging growth of fruit bearing shoot, and lead and lead lateral bine and on built, be wound around growth spirally, after lateral bine shelfful, disconnected top colligation; Fruit bearing shoot covers with fence type built space, and the branch near trunk first ties full fruit, after all maturation drops until the fruit of these branches, these branches is trimmed to immediately 2-3 joint; Cut off the fruit bearing shoot after often criticizing fruit picking, thin and weak branch, sick branch, residual branch in time, each lateral bine stays 3-4 joint to carry out cutting back, short its grows lateral bine again, branches and tendrils stay 2 eyes, erase the lateral bud spray that main climing and base portion sends under frame face in time, the overstocked branch of growth must be pruned annual summer off simultaneously, wipe out the branch of overhead 20-30 centimeters, to keep well-ventilated.
(7) rich water quality management: after field planting, 10-15 days root systems start to grow, executes Liquid Fertilizer for the first time and, in root system surrounding, executes once every 35 days later, connect and execute 3 times, and each every strain applying liquid fertilizer 5 kilograms, in root system surrounding, induces the growth of root system; Liquid Fertilizer is sprayed in time in fruit tree blade face, totally 2 times, every minor tick 10 days before blooming; In fruit young fruit period or fruit expanding period or expand and carry out blade face and fruit with Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid later stage to stationary phase and spray, carrying out the time interval that blade face and fruit spray is 7-10 days, uses Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid 700-900 kilogram for every mu; Need after fruit picking to spray Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid in time in fruit tree blade face; According to Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid during sprinkling: the part by weight of water is 1:50 dilute with water.
(8) field management: young sprout germination period, flower bud differentiation and the rapid expanding stage of fruit irrigate moisture in time, ensure that soil moisture is sufficient; Bud physiological differentiation is front and the soil conservation of fruit growth later stage is dry, can not have ponding; Fruit increase rapidly sagging before to fruit picking, intertill shallow hoe 2-3 time, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, and table soil spill one deck; Flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree.
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly to the control of the insect pests such as the diseases such as damping off, mosaic virus, anthracnose, leaf spot, epidemic disease, base rot disease, root rot and little trypetid, mite class, scale insect, aphid, plant hopper, cotton bollworm; Use the insect pest of lime control passion fruit, use bactericidal agent for preventing and treating passion fruit disease.
Base manure described in step (4) is made up of the raw material of following weight content: 30% pig manure+20% decomposed cow dung+7% bone meal+11% that becomes thoroughly decomposed shines distiller's dried grain+6% colza cake+1% trace element+6% ammonium sulfate+3% superphosphate+12% potassium chloride+surplus ash.
Liquid Fertilizer described in step (7) is that every 100 kilograms of night soils add 15 kilograms of peanut press pulp water (peanut press pulp: the part by weight of water is that 1:4 dilution forms), 2 kilograms of potassium chloride and 4 kilograms of urea sealing and fermenting 5-10 days.
Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid described in step (7) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the sodium phytate of the bacillus of the sodium selenite of the pig manure of the sisal hemp waste water of 30 weight portions, the cow dung of 20 weight portions, 30 weight portions, the soya-bean cake of 10 weight portions, 8 weight portions, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate of 3 weight portions, 15 weight portions, the ammonium chloride of 1 weight portion, the shitosan of 5 weight portions, the ammonium humate of 5 weight portions and 15 weight portions; The preparation method of described Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid is: cow dung, pig manure, soya-bean cake, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, shitosan and ammonium humate by weight, mix, obtain mixture by (1); (2) sodium selenite of parts by weight, sodium phytate, bacillus and sisal hemp waste water is added in the mixture obtained in step (1), control moisture at 40%-50%, mix, put into the fermentation vat that cement makes, seal anaerobic fermentation 25 days, after fermentation ends, the material in fermentation vat is all taken out filtration, gained liquid is Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid.
Bactericide described in step (9) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the garlic oil of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid of 100 weight portions, pyroligneous liquor 600 times of liquid of 50 weight portions, the turpentine oil of 10 weight portions, the caryophyllus oil of 5 weight portions and 11 weight portions.
Embodiment 2
(1) kind is selected: passion fruit " No. one, platform agriculture " kind.
(2) selection of land: select to have a good transport service, be rich in organic matter, loosing soil, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, and sun-drenched level land is as the planting base in orchard.
(3) wholely: under the condition of level land, use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 40-50cm.
(4) field planting: after selecting cloudy day or rain, fine day digs planting pit, specification is 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 centimetres; The dark 10 centimetres wide circular grooves of 25 centimetres dig in surrounding outside 20 centimetres, Mei Xue center, use sufficient base manure, return table soil and mix thoroughly with fertilizer, make cave native higher than 10 centimetres, earth's surface, and then return lid layer cubsoil; During field planting, first nursery stock is carried out classification by height, size and root system quality, strong sprout and weak seedling are separately waited to plant, and are then dug by the soil in planting pit and smash to pieces, underlying soil is slightly compressed, return a small amount of soil, add water stirring pulping, the strain of every dibbling one, and root Shu Miao just, plant is put into definite value cave, last lid layer ravels earth.At the definite value initial stage, keep ground moistening, until Survival rate of nursery stock; If in field planting in summer, sunlight, than time stronger, note moisturizing of shading.
(5) built: adopt rod material to be barricaded as fence type built, line-spacing is 2 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, takes 100-105 root rod for every mu, frame height 1.8-2 rice, respectively at 90 centimetres, an anticorrosion steel wire is respectively drawn in the position of 140 centimetres and 200 centimetres.
(6) pruning: after plant restoration ecosystem, smears 1 bud in every 5 days, impels main climing fast-growing, sturdy, and guides main climing upper built; Stay 2 major branches after First Year raw plant master climing arrival built steel wire, stretch along horizontal iron wire, from the raw fruit bearing shoot of major branch, make the sagging growth of fruit bearing shoot, and lead and lead lateral bine and on built, be wound around growth spirally, after lateral bine shelfful, disconnected top colligation; Fruit bearing shoot covers with fence type built space, and the branch near trunk first ties full fruit, after all maturation drops until the fruit of these branches, these branches is trimmed to immediately 2-3 joint; Cut off the fruit bearing shoot after often criticizing fruit picking, thin and weak branch, sick branch, residual branch in time, each lateral bine stays 3-4 joint to carry out cutting back, short its grows lateral bine again, branches and tendrils stay 2 eyes, erase the lateral bud spray that main climing and base portion sends under frame face in time, the overstocked branch of growth must be pruned annual summer off simultaneously, wipe out the branch of overhead 20-30 centimeters, to keep well-ventilated.
(7) rich water quality management: after field planting, 10-15 days root systems start to grow, executes Liquid Fertilizer for the first time and, in root system surrounding, executes once every 35 days later, connect and execute 3 times, and each every strain applying liquid fertilizer 5 kilograms, in root system surrounding, induces the growth of root system; Liquid Fertilizer is sprayed in time in fruit tree blade face, totally 2 times, every minor tick 10 days before blooming; In fruit young fruit period or fruit expanding period or expand and carry out blade face and fruit with Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid later stage to stationary phase and spray, carrying out the time interval that blade face and fruit spray is 7-10 days, uses Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid 700-900 kilogram for every mu; Need after fruit picking to spray Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid in time in fruit tree blade face; According to Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid during sprinkling: the part by weight of water is 1:50 dilute with water.
(8) field management: young sprout germination period, flower bud differentiation and the rapid expanding stage of fruit irrigate moisture in time, ensure that soil moisture is sufficient; Bud physiological differentiation is front and the soil conservation of fruit growth later stage is dry, can not have ponding; Fruit increase rapidly sagging before to fruit picking, intertill shallow hoe 2-3 time, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, and table soil spill one deck; Flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree.
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly to the control of the insect pests such as the diseases such as damping off, mosaic virus, anthracnose, leaf spot, epidemic disease, base rot disease, root rot and little trypetid, mite class, scale insect, aphid, plant hopper, cotton bollworm; Use the insect pest of lime control passion fruit, use bactericidal agent for preventing and treating passion fruit disease.
Base manure described in step (4) is made up of the raw material of following weight content: 25% pig manure+15% decomposed cow dung+6% bone meal+9% that becomes thoroughly decomposed shines distiller's dried grain+7% colza cake+1.5% trace element+10% ammonium sulfate+5% superphosphate+20% potassium chloride+surplus ash.
Liquid Fertilizer described in step (7) is that every 100 kilograms of night soils add 15 kilograms of peanut press pulp water (peanut press pulp: the part by weight of water is that 1:4 dilution forms), 2 kilograms of potassium chloride and 4 kilograms of urea sealing and fermenting 5-10 days.
Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid described in step (7) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the sodium phytate of the bacillus of the sodium selenite of the pig manure of the sisal hemp waste water of 35 weight portions, the cow dung of 25 weight portions, 33 weight portions, the soya-bean cake of 15 weight portions, 13 weight portions, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate of 5 weight portions, 18 weight portions, the ammonium chloride of 2 weight portions, the shitosan of 7 weight portions, the ammonium humate of 7 weight portions and 18 weight portions; The preparation method of described Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid is: cow dung, pig manure, soya-bean cake, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, shitosan and ammonium humate by weight, mix, obtain mixture by (1); (2) sodium selenite of parts by weight, sodium phytate, bacillus and sisal hemp waste water is added in the mixture obtained in step (1), control moisture at 40%-50%, mix, put into the fermentation vat that cement makes, seal anaerobic fermentation 25 days, after fermentation ends, the material in fermentation vat is all taken out filtration, gained liquid is Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid.
Bactericide described in step (9) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the garlic oil of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid of 105 weight portions, pyroligneous liquor 600 times of liquid of 70 weight portions, the turpentine oil of 13 weight portions, the caryophyllus oil of 7 weight portions and 12 weight portions.
Embodiment 3
(1) kind is selected: passion fruit " No. one, platform agriculture " kind.
(2) selection of land: select to have a good transport service, be rich in organic matter, loosing soil, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, and sun-drenched level land is as the planting base in orchard.
(3) wholely: under the condition of level land, use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 40-50cm.
(4) field planting: after selecting cloudy day or rain, fine day digs planting pit, specification is 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 centimetres; The dark 10 centimetres wide circular grooves of 25 centimetres dig in surrounding outside 20 centimetres, Mei Xue center, use sufficient base manure, return table soil and mix thoroughly with fertilizer, make cave native higher than 10 centimetres, earth's surface, and then return lid layer cubsoil; During field planting, first nursery stock is carried out classification by height, size and root system quality, strong sprout and weak seedling are separately waited to plant, and are then dug by the soil in planting pit and smash to pieces, underlying soil is slightly compressed, return a small amount of soil, add water stirring pulping, the strain of every dibbling one, and root Shu Miao just, plant is put into definite value cave, last lid layer ravels earth.At the definite value initial stage, keep ground moistening, until Survival rate of nursery stock; If in field planting in summer, sunlight, than time stronger, note moisturizing of shading.
(5) built: adopt rod material to be barricaded as fence type built, line-spacing is 2 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, takes 100-105 root rod for every mu, frame height 1.8-2 rice, respectively at 90 centimetres, an anticorrosion steel wire is respectively drawn in the position of 140 centimetres and 200 centimetres.
(6) pruning: after plant restoration ecosystem, smears 1 bud in every 5 days, impels main climing fast-growing, sturdy, and guides main climing upper built; Stay 2 major branches after First Year raw plant master climing arrival built steel wire, stretch along horizontal iron wire, from the raw fruit bearing shoot of major branch, make the sagging growth of fruit bearing shoot, and lead and lead lateral bine and on built, be wound around growth spirally, after lateral bine shelfful, disconnected top colligation; Fruit bearing shoot covers with fence type built space, and the branch near trunk first ties full fruit, after all maturation drops until the fruit of these branches, these branches is trimmed to immediately 2-3 joint; Cut off the fruit bearing shoot after often criticizing fruit picking, thin and weak branch, sick branch, residual branch in time, each lateral bine stays 3-4 joint to carry out cutting back, short its grows lateral bine again, branches and tendrils stay 2 eyes, erase the lateral bud spray that main climing and base portion sends under frame face in time, the overstocked branch of growth must be pruned annual summer off simultaneously, wipe out the branch of overhead 20-30 centimeters, to keep well-ventilated.
(7) rich water quality management: after field planting, 10-15 days root systems start to grow, executes Liquid Fertilizer for the first time and, in root system surrounding, executes once every 35 days later, connect and execute 3 times, and each every strain applying liquid fertilizer 5 kilograms, in root system surrounding, induces the growth of root system; Liquid Fertilizer is sprayed in time in fruit tree blade face, totally 2 times, every minor tick 10 days before blooming; In fruit young fruit period or fruit expanding period or expand and carry out blade face and fruit with Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid later stage to stationary phase and spray, carrying out the time interval that blade face and fruit spray is 7-10 days, uses Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid 700-900 kilogram for every mu; Need after fruit picking to spray Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid in time in fruit tree blade face; According to Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid during sprinkling: the part by weight of water is 1:50 dilute with water.
(8) field management: young sprout germination period, flower bud differentiation and the rapid expanding stage of fruit irrigate moisture in time, ensure that soil moisture is sufficient; Bud physiological differentiation is front and the soil conservation of fruit growth later stage is dry, can not have ponding; Fruit increase rapidly sagging before to fruit picking, intertill shallow hoe 2-3 time, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, and table soil spill one deck; Flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree.
(9) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly to the control of the insect pests such as the diseases such as damping off, mosaic virus, anthracnose, leaf spot, epidemic disease, base rot disease, root rot and little trypetid, mite class, scale insect, aphid, plant hopper, cotton bollworm; Use the insect pest of lime control passion fruit, use bactericidal agent for preventing and treating passion fruit disease.
Base manure described in step (4) is made up of the raw material of following weight content: 28% pig manure+18% decomposed cow dung+5% bone meal+10% that becomes thoroughly decomposed shines distiller's dried grain+8% colza cake+1.2% trace element+8% ammonium sulfate+4% superphosphate+16% potassium chloride+surplus ash.
Liquid Fertilizer described in step (7) is that every 100 kilograms of night soils add 15 kilograms of peanut press pulp water (peanut press pulp: the part by weight of water is that 1:4 dilution forms), 2 kilograms of potassium chloride and 4 kilograms of urea sealing and fermenting 5-10 days.
Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid described in step (7) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the sodium phytate of the bacillus of the sodium selenite of the pig manure of the sisal hemp waste water of 40 weight portions, the cow dung of 30 weight portions, 35 weight portions, the soya-bean cake of 20 weight portions, 15 weight portions, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate of 6 weight portions, 20 weight portions, the ammonium chloride of 3 weight portions, the shitosan of 8 weight portions, the ammonium humate of 8 weight portions and 20 weight portions; The preparation method of described Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid is: cow dung, pig manure, soya-bean cake, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, shitosan and ammonium humate by weight, mix, obtain mixture by (1); (2) sodium selenite of parts by weight, sodium phytate, bacillus and sisal hemp waste water is added in the mixture obtained in step (1), control moisture at 40%-50%, mix, put into the fermentation vat that cement makes, seal anaerobic fermentation 25 days, after fermentation ends, the material in fermentation vat is all taken out filtration, gained liquid is Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid.
Bactericide described in step (9) is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the garlic oil of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid of 110 weight portions, pyroligneous liquor 600 times of liquid of 80 weight portions, the turpentine oil of 15 weight portions, the caryophyllus oil of 8 weight portions and 13 weight portions.
Se content detects
Cleared up by acid, atomic fluorescence-hydride generation method determines the content of selenium in the present invention and commercially available passion fruit fruit, and result is as following table:
。

Claims (5)

1. the implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit, comprise the step of seed selection, selection of land, whole, field planting, built, pruning, rich water quality management, field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, it is characterized in that: in fruit young fruit period or fruit expanding period or expand and carry out blade face and fruit with Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid later stage to stationary phase and spray, the time interval of carrying out blade face and fruit sprinkling is 7-10 days, uses Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid 700-900 kilogram for every mu; Need after fruit picking to spray Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid in time in fruit tree blade face; According to Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid during sprinkling: the part by weight of water is 1:50 dilute with water;
Described Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the sodium phytate of the bacillus of the sodium selenite of the pig manure of the sisal hemp waste water of 30-40 weight portion, the cow dung of 20-30 weight portion, 30-35 weight portion, the soya-bean cake of 10-20 weight portion, 8-15 weight portion, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate of 3-6 weight portion, 15-20 weight portion, the ammonium chloride of 1-3 weight portion, the shitosan of 5-8 weight portion, the ammonium humate of 5-8 weight portion and 15-20 weight portion;
The preparation method of described Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid is: cow dung, pig manure, soya-bean cake, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, shitosan and ammonium humate by weight, mix, obtain mixture by (1); (2) sodium selenite of parts by weight, sodium phytate, bacillus and sisal hemp waste water is added in the mixture obtained in step (1), control moisture at 40%-50%, mix, put into the fermentation vat that cement makes, seal anaerobic fermentation 25 days, after fermentation ends, the material in fermentation vat is all taken out filtration, gained liquid is Selenium-enriched fermentation liquid.
2. the implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described seed selection is: " No. one, platform agriculture " passion fruit kind;
Described selection of land is: select to have a good transport service, be rich in organic matter, loosing soil, soil layer is deep, and draining is good, and sun-drenched level land is as the planting base in orchard;
Described is wholely: under the condition of level land, and use Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, tilth is 40-50cm;
Described field planting is: after selecting cloudy day or rain, fine day digs planting pit, and specification is 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 centimetres; The dark 10 centimetres wide circular grooves of 25 centimetres dig in surrounding outside 20 centimetres, Mei Xue center, use sufficient base manure, return table soil and mix thoroughly with fertilizer, make cave native higher than 10 centimetres, earth's surface, and then return lid layer cubsoil; During field planting, first nursery stock is carried out classification by height, size and root system quality, strong sprout and weak seedling are separately waited to plant, and are then dug by the soil in planting pit and smash to pieces, underlying soil is slightly compressed, return a small amount of soil, add water stirring pulping, the strain of every dibbling one, and root Shu Miao just, plant is put into definite value cave, last lid layer ravels earth; At the definite value initial stage, keep ground moistening, until Survival rate of nursery stock; If in field planting in summer, sunlight, than time stronger, note moisturizing of shading;
Described built is: adopt rod material to be barricaded as fence type built, line-spacing is 2 meters, and spacing in the rows is 3 meters, takes 100-105 root rod for every mu, frame height 1.8-2 rice, and respectively at 90 centimetres, an anticorrosion steel wire is respectively drawn in the position of 140 centimetres and 200 centimetres;
Described pruning is: after plant restoration ecosystem, within every 5 days, smears 1 bud, impels main climing fast-growing, sturdy, and guides main climing upper built; Stay 2 major branches after First Year raw plant master climing arrival built steel wire, stretch along horizontal iron wire, from the raw fruit bearing shoot of major branch, make the sagging growth of fruit bearing shoot, and lead and lead lateral bine and on built, be wound around growth spirally, after lateral bine shelfful, disconnected top colligation; Fruit bearing shoot covers with fence type built space, and the branch near trunk first ties full fruit, after all maturation drops until the fruit of these branches, these branches is trimmed to immediately 2-3 joint; Cut off the fruit bearing shoot after often criticizing fruit picking, thin and weak branch, sick branch, residual branch in time, each lateral bine stays 3-4 joint to carry out cutting back, short its grows lateral bine again, branches and tendrils stay 2 eyes, erase the lateral bud spray that main climing and base portion sends under frame face in time, the overstocked branch of growth must be pruned annual summer off simultaneously, wipe out the branch of overhead 20-30 centimeters, to keep well-ventilated;
Described rich water quality management is: after field planting, 10-15 days root systems start to grow, and executes Liquid Fertilizer for the first time and, in root system surrounding, executes once every 35 days later, connect and execute 3 times, and each every strain applying liquid fertilizer 5 kilograms, in root system surrounding, induces the growth of root system; Liquid Fertilizer is sprayed in time in fruit tree blade face, totally 2 times, every minor tick 10 days before blooming;
Described field management is: young sprout germination period, and flower bud differentiation and the rapid expanding stage of fruit irrigate moisture in time, ensures that soil moisture is sufficient; Bud physiological differentiation is front and the soil conservation of fruit growth later stage is dry, can not have ponding; Fruit increase rapidly sagging before to fruit picking, intertill shallow hoe 2-3 time, the degree of depth is 5-8 centimetre, and table soil spill one deck; Flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is: mainly to the control of the insect pest of the disease of damping off, mosaic virus, anthracnose, leaf spot, epidemic disease, base rot disease, root rot and little trypetid, mite class, scale insect, aphid, plant hopper, cotton bollworm; Use the insect pest of lime control passion fruit, use bactericidal agent for preventing and treating passion fruit disease.
3. the implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described base manure is made up of the raw material of following weight content: the 30-35% pig manure+20-25% decomposed cow dung+9-12% bone meal+5-9% that becomes thoroughly decomposed shines distiller's dried grain+9-11% colza cake+1-1.5% trace element+6-12% ammonium sulfate+3-6% superphosphate+12-24% potassium chloride+surplus ash.
4. the implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Liquid Fertilizer is that every 100 kilograms of night soils add 15 kilograms of peanut press pulp water, 2 kilograms of potassium chloride and 4 kilograms of urea sealing and fermenting 5-10 days; Wherein peanut press pulp water is according to peanut press pulp: the part by weight of water is that 1:4 dilution forms.
5. the implantation methods of rich selenium passion fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described bactericide is made up of the raw material of following parts by weight: the garlic oil of 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid of 100-110 weight portion, pyroligneous liquor 600 times of liquid of 50-80 weight portion, the turpentine oil of 10-15 weight portion, the caryophyllus oil of 5-8 weight portion and 11-13 weight portion.
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CN105941048A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-09-21 象州县科学技术局 Plantation method of exocarpium
CN106069513A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-09 柳江县乡缘水果专业合作社 A kind of ramp type pergola system method of selenium-rich Passifolra edulis
CN106069484A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-11-09 柳江县水果生产办公室 Passifolra edulis cultural method
CN106105941A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-16 柳江县乡缘水果专业合作社 A kind of cabochon pergola system method of selenium-rich Passifolra edulis
CN106105981A (en) * 2016-07-02 2016-11-16 湖南南果先生果业科技有限公司 The selenium-rich breeding method of fruit tree
CN106172556A (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-07 广西素安生态农业有限公司 A kind of stem of Passifolra edulis maize ear rot pesticide control and preparation method thereof
CN106258373A (en) * 2016-08-12 2017-01-04 柳州市勤瑞农副产品有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Passifolra edulis
CN106258372A (en) * 2016-08-12 2017-01-04 柳州市勤瑞农副产品有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Caulis et folium pavettae hongkongensis Passifolra edulis
CN106561222A (en) * 2016-10-24 2017-04-19 贵州省山地资源研究所 Karst mountain area passiflora edulia Sims double-layer shelving planting method
CN106912272A (en) * 2017-01-17 2017-07-04 陆川县米场镇合美种养专业合作社联合社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN106922461A (en) * 2017-01-21 2017-07-07 陆川县米场镇合美种养专业合作社联合社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich fig
CN107032877A (en) * 2017-03-22 2017-08-11 广西丰兄农业开发有限公司 A kind of efficient implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN107318573A (en) * 2017-08-11 2017-11-07 广州聚注通用技术研究院有限公司 A kind of selenium-rich Fengkai You Li implantation methods
CN107333610A (en) * 2017-07-20 2017-11-10 广西桂平市石龙镇江夏种养专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN107493867A (en) * 2017-08-17 2017-12-22 广州市汇吉科技企业孵化器有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Silicon-rich passion fruit
CN107637434A (en) * 2017-11-13 2018-01-30 梁纪林 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN107853100A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-03-30 韦俊超 A kind of implantation methods of high nutrition passion fruit
CN108243822A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-06 广西昭平县林成原生态优质大果山楂专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of the wide hawthorn of selenium-rich
CN108260480A (en) * 2018-01-06 2018-07-10 佛山市所能网络有限公司 A kind of passion fruit and its implantation methods with anti-oxidation function
CN108432569A (en) * 2018-02-11 2018-08-24 平南县正达农业发展有限公司 A kind of selenium-rich implantation methods of passion fruit
CN108464200A (en) * 2018-01-29 2018-08-31 广西宜州天源绿佳农业科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN108934719A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-12-07 广西博白县多得多百香果种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-enriched health care passion fruit
CN109362501A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-02-22 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 The penetrating frame shape cultural method of passion fruit
CN109479568A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-03-19 湖北民族学院 A kind of metasequoia seed sprouts the plantation pallet and method of strong sprout
CN112544366A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 Cultivation method of passion fruit seedlings

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105941048A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-09-21 象州县科学技术局 Plantation method of exocarpium
CN106069484A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-11-09 柳江县水果生产办公室 Passifolra edulis cultural method
CN106069484B (en) * 2016-06-20 2019-01-18 柳江县水果生产办公室 Passion fruit cultural method
CN106069513A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-09 柳江县乡缘水果专业合作社 A kind of ramp type pergola system method of selenium-rich Passifolra edulis
CN106105941A (en) * 2016-06-24 2016-11-16 柳江县乡缘水果专业合作社 A kind of cabochon pergola system method of selenium-rich Passifolra edulis
CN106105981A (en) * 2016-07-02 2016-11-16 湖南南果先生果业科技有限公司 The selenium-rich breeding method of fruit tree
CN106172556A (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-07 广西素安生态农业有限公司 A kind of stem of Passifolra edulis maize ear rot pesticide control and preparation method thereof
CN106258373A (en) * 2016-08-12 2017-01-04 柳州市勤瑞农副产品有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Passifolra edulis
CN106258372A (en) * 2016-08-12 2017-01-04 柳州市勤瑞农副产品有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Caulis et folium pavettae hongkongensis Passifolra edulis
CN106561222A (en) * 2016-10-24 2017-04-19 贵州省山地资源研究所 Karst mountain area passiflora edulia Sims double-layer shelving planting method
CN106561222B (en) * 2016-10-24 2020-06-16 贵州省山地资源研究所 Double-layer frame-building planting method for passion flower in karst mountain area
CN106912272A (en) * 2017-01-17 2017-07-04 陆川县米场镇合美种养专业合作社联合社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN106922461A (en) * 2017-01-21 2017-07-07 陆川县米场镇合美种养专业合作社联合社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich fig
CN107032877A (en) * 2017-03-22 2017-08-11 广西丰兄农业开发有限公司 A kind of efficient implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN107333610A (en) * 2017-07-20 2017-11-10 广西桂平市石龙镇江夏种养专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN107318573A (en) * 2017-08-11 2017-11-07 广州聚注通用技术研究院有限公司 A kind of selenium-rich Fengkai You Li implantation methods
CN107493867A (en) * 2017-08-17 2017-12-22 广州市汇吉科技企业孵化器有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Silicon-rich passion fruit
CN107637434A (en) * 2017-11-13 2018-01-30 梁纪林 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN107853100A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-03-30 韦俊超 A kind of implantation methods of high nutrition passion fruit
CN108260480A (en) * 2018-01-06 2018-07-10 佛山市所能网络有限公司 A kind of passion fruit and its implantation methods with anti-oxidation function
CN108464200A (en) * 2018-01-29 2018-08-31 广西宜州天源绿佳农业科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich passion fruit
CN108243822A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-07-06 广西昭平县林成原生态优质大果山楂专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of the wide hawthorn of selenium-rich
CN108432569A (en) * 2018-02-11 2018-08-24 平南县正达农业发展有限公司 A kind of selenium-rich implantation methods of passion fruit
CN108934719A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-12-07 广西博白县多得多百香果种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of selenium-enriched health care passion fruit
CN109362501A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-02-22 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 The penetrating frame shape cultural method of passion fruit
CN109479568A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-03-19 湖北民族学院 A kind of metasequoia seed sprouts the plantation pallet and method of strong sprout
CN112544366A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 Cultivation method of passion fruit seedlings
CN112544366B (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-08-13 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 Cultivation method of passion fruit seedlings

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