CN109006091A - Camellia nitidissima method of planting is transformed under different age irregular forest and crown canopy in a kind of Pinus massoniana forest - Google Patents
Camellia nitidissima method of planting is transformed under different age irregular forest and crown canopy in a kind of Pinus massoniana forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006091A CN109006091A CN201711188668.3A CN201711188668A CN109006091A CN 109006091 A CN109006091 A CN 109006091A CN 201711188668 A CN201711188668 A CN 201711188668A CN 109006091 A CN109006091 A CN 109006091A
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- pinus massoniana
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
It is transformed under different age stratified mixed stand and crown canopy the present invention relates to Pinus massoniana forest after a kind of closing and plants Camellia nitidissima cultural method, it include: forest land selection, intermediate cutting, reduce canopy density, site preparation, interplant broad leaf tree and Camellia nitidissima, field planting, it fosters, water and fertilizer management, trimming, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and etc., the present invention is in stand conversion, soil improvement, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, Camellia nitidissima plantation and management aspect have innovation, masson pine space can be made full use of, deciduous tree type broad leaf tree and evergreen Camellia nitidissima are interplanted according to a certain percentage, consider Mixed effect biological nature, realize that more tree species are mutually promoted, tree growth is set to reach near-nature forest effect, realize that forest land resource efficiently utilizes simultaneously, expand rare plant Camellia nitidissima and plants approach, it is a kind of imitating wild planting process, and then improve forest land yield per unit area and benefit, also it can reach for a long time closely certainly So manage ecological economy dual-purpose Pinus massoniana Mixed Forests subhead, hence it is evident that improve the efficiency of artificial Mixed Forests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Forest-tree culture fields, more particularly to by the Pinus massoniana forest after closing transform as different age irregular forest and
Camellia nitidissima method is planted under crown canopy.
Background technique
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is Pinaceae, and Pinus arbor is high up to 45m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.5m；Bark
Bronzing, branch is open and flat or oblique exhibition, and tree crown width is tower-shaped or umbrella shape, and branch grows 1-3 wheel every year, and hibernaculum ovate is cylindrical or cylinder
Shape, needle is fine and soft, and there is spiracle line on micro- distortion, two sides, and there is serration at edge；Leaf sheath harbors.Male cone reddish tan, it is cylindrical,
Consor is bloomed in shoot lower part bud armpit, spike, female ball consor in the nearly top of shoot, lilac red, seed long oval the 4-5 month,
The cone second year 10-12 month is mature.Masson pine distribution is wide, north from Henan and Southern Shandong Province, south to Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, Hunan (Cili County),
The height above sea level 600-700m on the south the Changjiang river is hereinafter, middle reaches about 1200m or more, upstream about 1500m or less are distributed.It is SOUTHERN CHINA
Main material uses tree species.Its economic value of masson pine is high, is rich in resin, for medicine, industrial chemicals.Resistance to water-wet simultaneously.Its specific gravity exists
0.39-0.49g/cm3, it is that important in industrial and agricultural production uses material.It is also afforestation vanguard tree seed.Trunk and root can cultivate
Poria cocos, Mushrooms for Chinese medicine and are eaten, and bark can extract tannin extract.
Vanguard tree seed of the masson pine as forest succession.Khoai is transplanted on a large scale in south China, since it is anti-
Arid, impoverishment tolerant, Artificial Pure majority are planted in III, IV class forest land, make Pinus massoniana forest there are Tree Structures single, shrub
Break loses, litter accumulation is slow, bio-diversity is low, Soil degradation, the deterioration of the ecological environment, and Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi, loose ends parasitosis are endangered
The extremely serious phenomenon of evil.For this purpose, need to be transformed to existing Pinus massoniana forest, make its succession to the wealthy type irregular forest of landscape needle or with
Different age mixed forest based on masson pine, so that stand quality is promoted, maintaining ecological balance and forest sustainable development.
Camellia nitidissima (Camellianitidissima) belong to Theaceae Camellia Plants, be evergreen dungarunga or shrub, up to
2-6m；Bark lark or yellowish-brown, nearly smooth or micro- lobe, old branch yellowish-brown are hairless.Spray reddish tan, it is hairless.Leaf is narrow
Oblong is to long ellipticity lanceolar, and apex shape of tail is tapering or anxious sharp, and base portion wide wedge shape or subcircular spend golden yellow, Dan Sheng
Or 2 fasciations, axillary or nearly basidixed, Hua Jing 3.5-6.5cm, flower have petal 7-13 piece, petal is fleshy hypertrophy, there is wax light
Pool；British plain spirits are in Meng's shape, gyalectiform or bowl-shape.Ovary Room 3, it is hairless, it style 3, is kept completely separate, it is hairless.The long 5-13mm of bennet,
Slightly sagging, bract is green with sepal, hairless, and squamella 5.April in November at florescence to next year.Capsule oblate spheroid or berrette file shape
Spherical shape, the surface of the seed are close by yellowish-brown pubescence.It is world Precious, Rare, Endangered ornamental plant and precious Camellia Breeding germ plasm resource, gold
Jasmine tea is as dietotherapeutic, early in just on the books in the written Compendium of Material Medica of Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.).It is one of first-grade state protection plant.
Belong to plant species in " Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora " annex II, new resources food was classified as by health ministry in 2010
Product.Foreign countries are referred to as magical " Dongfang " magic tea, are known as " plant kingdom giant panda ", " tea race queen ".
Camellia nitidissima is a kind of ancient plant, and extremely rare, distribution is extremely narrow, is only distributed in Guangxi China Fangchenggang City
Blue one band of mountain offshoot of Shiwan Dashan, is grown on 700 meters of height above sea level hereinafter, more typical with the range between 200~500 meters of height above sea level,
The lower limit of vertical distribution is 20 meters of height above sea level or so.Last century the eighties are introduced a fine variety on Fujian and other places respectively.Camellia nitidissima happiness is warm wet
Moisten weather, like well-drained acid soil, seedling stage happiness covers, and into after the florescence, quite happiness transmits sunlight.Soil is required not
Sternly, subacidity can be grown into neutral soil.It is barren-resistant, it is also fertilizer favorite.Waterlogging power is strong.
Camellia nitidissima is in addition to making to watch, and there are also high medicinal, nutritive values.Show through authoritative institution's detection: golden flower Camellia
Nontoxic grade contains more than the 400 kinds of nutriments beneficial to human body.Rich in having natural organic??, selenium, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium, zinc etc. a variety of
Have microelement and tea polyphenols, the vitamin and essential amino acid etc. of important health-care effect to human body, Camellia nitidissima for
Human blood lipid, blood glucose, cholesterol are adjusted, enhancing immunity of organisms has a significant effect, each caused by can improving because of hypertension
Kind malaise symptoms and antibacterial anti-inflammatory, clearing heat and detoxicating, inducing diuresis to remove edema, enhancing liver kidney vigor, anti-hemostasis artery sclerosis, anti-cancer suppression
The effects of tumour growth processed is one of medicinal, the most abundant people's livelihood health plant of nutritive value in nature.
In conclusion masson pine, Camellia nitidissima all have higher economic value.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of improving masson pine Stand Status, it transform the Pinus massoniana forest after closing as mixed friendship
Different age irregular forest realizes that the plantation of Camellia nitidissima pseudo-wild cultivating and forest land resource efficiently utilize by underwood planting Camellia nitidissima.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Standing forest selection: selection closing are up to 0.8-0.9, the age of stand at 10-16 or 20 year or more, and clear bole height is in 2m or more,
Have a good transport service, average annual temperature be 18 DEG C or more, height above sea level 600m hereinafter, topography is more gentle, the gradient is pure in 25 ° of masson pines below
Woods.
Remodeling method: carrying out intermediate cutting for Pinus massoniana forest, reduces masson pine Canopy densities and saves density；According to intermediate cutting
The biological characteristics of masson pine conserved density and Mixed effect afterwards and to cultivate target selection be suitable for deciduous broadleaf tree, under crown canopy
It plants sweetgum or soapberry respectively and Camellia nitidissima, the tree species quantity ratio of masson pine and sweetgum or soapberry and Camellia nitidissima is respectively
40-60: 10-20: 60-80,20-40: 10: 80.Sweetgum or soapberry and Camellia nitidissima are fostered after afforestation.
Sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana Hance), deciduous tree, up to 30 meters, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground maximum up to 1 meter,
Bark taupe.Warm and moist weather is liked, property light, treelet is slightly shade tolerant, and it is drought-resistant barren, intolerant to waterlogging.For deep-rootedness, property is resistance to
It burns, germinating power is extremely strong.With red green phase contrast in the fall after the mixed friendship of masson pine, it can seem especially beautiful.Produce Qinling of China and Huaihe River
On the south each province, also see North Vietnam, Laos and Korea south.Resin hyoscine, can detoxify analgesic, hemostasia and promoting granulation；Root, leaf and
Fruit is also used as medicine, and has dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, dredging collateral and promoting blood circulation effect.Timber is slightly hard, can furniture and articles of price processed vanning.
Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.), megaphanerophyte of falling leaves, high up to more than 20 rice, light is slightly resistance to
Shade, tolerance to cold are stronger.Not tight, deep-rootedness is required to soil, wind resistance power is strong.It, can be drought-resistant intolerant to water-wet.Rudiment power is weak, no
Resistance to trimming.Growth is very fast, and the service life is long.Trunk is logical straight, and branches and leaves are extensively opened up, and green shade is dense.Expire leaf coloured gold Huang to winter, it is also known as Huangs
Jin Shu.Belong to one of Colored- leaf Plants.To October, fruit growing in close clusters, orange beauty.It is excellent sight leaf, the fruit viewing trees of greening.In originating in
Various regions and South East Asia Mainland various regions, India and Japan on the south the state Yangtze river basin.Pericarp contains saponin, can do for soap, timber
Boxboard and wooden comb etc..Root, browse, seed: bitter, micro-pungent is trembled with fear.It is slightly poisonous.Heat-clearing eliminating the phlegm, disperse accumulation desinsection.For diphtheria, throat
Swelling and pain, acute tonsillitis, cough, pertussis, food stagnation malnutrition due to parasitic infestation；It is used for Trichomonas vaginalis outside.Kernel: it is pungent, it puts down.Disperse accumulation wards off evil.For infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinalparasites, roundworm
Disease, inflatable in abdomen, halitosis.
Horse hair Pinus coniferous forest, for positive deep root tree species, kind of a woodlot is mostly III, IV class forest land, and sweetgum, without trouble
Son is deep root fast-growing broad-leaf forest of falling leaves, and childhood resistance to shade, slightly resistance to shade of growing up, it is that shallow root is shady that Camellia nitidissima, which is evergreen dungarunga or shrub,
Property tree species.Folium Pini is sparse, can have more sunlight to enter in forest land through storey, and sweetgum, soapberry children
Average annual more resistance to shade, and it is drought-resistant barren, and golden flower Camellia shade tree species, it is suitable for being grown under crown canopy.The needle of masson pine can
To control the canopy density of standing forest well, a part of sunlight is made to be radiated at sweetgum, soapberry and Camellia nitidissima, enables above-mentioned tree species
It is enough normally carried out photosynthesis, and blocking because of Folium Pini, so that transmission is on sweetgum, soapberry and Camellia nitidissima branches and leaves
Sunlight is unlikely to too strong, is conducive to sweetgum, soapberry, Camellia nitidissima fast-growing in petticoats.
The present invention utilizes intermediate cutting under masson pine forest, digs cave, interplanting sweetgum, soapberry, Camellia nitidissima, and this implantation methods both may be used
Ecological Function and bio-diversity are improved, and the growth that can promote the masson pine of reservation develops rare plant Camellia nitidissima, by
This forms the different age cladding theropencedrymion of masson pine, is deciduous tree, mixed forest deadwood because being suitable for the tree species such as sweetgum, soapberry
Fallen leaves amount is more, can be obviously improved the physicochemical character and structure of soil, increases soil fertility and the ecological functions such as standing forest water conservation；
Distance between masson pine can be pulled open again, and the fast-growing of sweetgum, soapberry is grown, and can effectively contain the propagation of pest and disease damage, improves horse
Tail pine integrated control ability, and play greening, coloured silkization, beautify the environment, forest ecological is improved, and masson pine, sweetgum can be
Medicine, industry provide chemical industry rosin raw material, root (Radix Sapindi Mukorossi), the bast (Chinese soapberry phloem), browse (soapberry of soapberry
Leaf), pulp (timbol), kernel (Chinese soapberry seed) also hyoscine.Also it is provided to develop rare functional plants Camellia nitidissima
One new method, new way.
Broad leaf tree is interplanted under above-mentioned crown canopy and the method for forestation of Camellia nitidissima includes the following steps:
(1) canopy density 0.8-0.9, age of stand 10-16 or 20 years or more, and clear bole height 2m or more are selected, is had a good transport service, year
Equal 18 DEG C of temperature or more, height above sea level 600m are hereinafter, topography is more gentle, 25 ° of the gradient or less Pinus massoniana forests.
(2) intermediate cutting is carried out for Pinus massoniana forest, retains Canopy densities 0.4-0.5 after intermediate cutting；
(3) density retained after intermediate cutting is determined, it is 40-60 plants/acre that 10-16 intermediate cutting, which retains strain number, 20 years or more 20-40
Plant/acre.
(4) mesh is cultivated according to mixing experiment weather conditions and height above sea level high selection difference Mixed forestation tree species and formulation Camellia nitidissima
Mark.
(5) according to conserved density along contour excavation cavity basal dressing.
(6) plantation sweetgum, soapberry is respectively configured, carries out mongrel by the optimization random arrangement after screening and plants Camellia nitidissima.
And hold horizontal ditch successfully.
Step (1) canopy density refer to the degree on arbor tree crown masking ground in forest, it is the index for reflecting the density of crop.
0.70 (containing 0.70) above canopy density are thick forest, and 0.2-0.69 is moderate closing, are less than or equal to 0.1-0.20 (being free of 0.2) below
For sparse woods.
Step (2) intermediate cutting principle: with " cut it is close stay it is dilute, cut it is small stay it is big, cut it is bad stay it is excellent " principle carry out intermediate cutting, " cut close stay
It is dilute " it refers to preferentially cutting down the biggish masson pine of density in masson pine forest；" cutting small stay greatly " refers to what preferentially felling was pressed
The masson pine of understorey；" cut bad stay excellent " refers to be undergrowth under preferred felling crown canopy or has the masson pine of pest and disease damage.
In step (4), the low mountain plantation of height above sea level 200-400m low mountains and hills, height above sea level 400-600m is divided into masson pine plantation
Area, In The Low Mountain-hill Region select soapberry, sweetgum as Mixed effect, and low mountain Altitude Regions select sweetgum as Mixed effect.
In step (5), after intermediate cutting under masson pine forest crown canopy according to conserved density along the random excavation cavity of contour, cave specification
For the wide 60cm × 60cm in face, bottom width 40cm × 40cm, deep 40cm.Density is 60-80 plants/acre.In the plant of planning plantation Camellia nitidissima
Long 0.5-1m, width 30cm, depth 25cm horizontal ditch are excavated by isosceles triangle in front of strain and left and right, prevent erosion, and can promote rainfall
It is converted into soil moisture and underground water.
In step (5), decomposed dung or organic fertilizer 5kg are applied in every cave before planting.It is mixed thoroughly with surface soil and makees base manure.It is back to cave three
/ mono- or half.
In step (6), mu retains masson pine strain number 40-60 after 10-16 intermediate cutting, interplants sweetgum or soapberry strain number respectively
10-20 and Camellia nitidissima strain number 60-80；To cultivate leaf with based on Camellia nitidissima；Intermediate cutting mu retains masson pine strain number 20- within 20 years or more
40, sweetgum or soapberry strain number 10 and Camellia nitidissima strain number 80 are interplanted, respectively to cultivate based on floral leaf dual-purpose Camellia nitidissima.
In step (6), 1 year raw field plant or 2 years or more sweetgum, the plantation of soapberry container seedling were selected -2 months January.This
Season is mostly rainy weather, and the surrival rate of afforestation is higher.
In step (6), the Camellia nitidissima container seedling of cottage breeding is used in selection in -2 months January, average height of seedling 30cm or more is first
Nursery stock is transported at field planting cave, then deviates from nutrition cup, nursery stock is put into field planting cave center together with Nutrition Soil, and surrounding answers table
Soil pressure is real, then one layer of soil of lid, if should drench sufficient root water in fine day plantation.
In step (6), by horizontal ditch is opened up at quality shape extension 1.50m centered on the Camellia nitidissima plant of field planting, upwards
Excavate long 1m, the right and left excavates long 0.5m, horizontal ditch is width 30cm, depth 25cm, make rainfall in short-term be converted into soil moisture with
Underground water.Ensure that original seed plants masson pine because belonging to III, IV class on the spot, " three run and (metal run out, run soil, run fertilizer) " is caused gradually to switch to
" three protect (i.e. water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation) ", and because water is kept, clay fertilizer is no longer lost, and reaches improvement soil target.Keep Camellia nitidissima raw
Realize imitative wild environment in border.
(7) tending management: the 4-5 month and the 8-9 month expand the sweetgum of interplanting, soapberry, Camellia nitidissima in 3 years after plantation
Cave, split entirely it is each primary.
(8) water and fertilizer management: while expanding cave and splitting entirely, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.2kg is imposed in Camellia nitidissima plant or is had
Machine fertilizer 1kg, as 20% increasing topdressing amount is pressed in the growth of plant year by year.
(9) it trims: being bound (fixed dry) when Camellia nitidissima trunk grows into 1.5m high in autumn and winter, terminal bud is cut off,
Main side branch is long to cut off bud to 30cm or more, and the sick branch in tree crown, thin and delicate branch, crossing branch are wiped out, and guarantees to lead in tree crown
Wind light transmission, plant strain growth are vigorous；Be conducive to lateral bud and flower is formed.
In step (7), expansion cave refers to expands 20-30cm along kind of a plant hole up and down every year, turns over surface soil in cave and buries, cubsoil
Upper, purpose promotes the lateral root prosperity of sweetgum, soapberry, Camellia nitidissima gradually to extend.
In step (7), splits entirely and refer to the edge after expanding cave is extended outwardly 35-50cm using grass trimmer, purpose is protected again
Next year expands cave and is buried in the earth weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves while water holding soil, and chesson, increases soil fertility year by year.
In step (9), binding can convey plant from the nutrient of soil absorption to side shoot, and next year lateral bud is promoted to grow and spend
Flower bud is formed, and plant is gradually trimmed to happy shape tree crown, improves plant photosynthesis.Terminal bud is picked when autumn and winter simultaneously, it can be true
Plant is protected to pass the winter safely.
(10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: spraying 2 600 times of carbendazim solutions every year after plantation, in 1000 times of metrifonate solution
It is a kind of.Reduce the generation of pest and disease damage.
That there are Tree Structures is single, shrub break loses, litter accumulation is slow, two packing spaces for Pinus massoniana forest by the present invention
Property low, Soil degradation, the deterioration of the ecological environment, and Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi, loose ends parasitosis endanger extremely serious phenomenon, economy and ecological benefits
The problems such as duration is short, inventor establish a kind of Pinus massoniana forest is transformed under different age irregular forest and crown canopy and plant Camellia nitidissima
Method.After closing in Pinus massoniana forest, according to the biological characteristics of the tree species density and Mixed effect that retain after intermediate cutting, along etc.
High line transplants sweetgum, soapberry and Camellia nitidissima at random according to a certain percentage.The method is mixed with the masson pine of long-term ecological economy dual-purpose
There are economy and landscape valence for the ecological forest or commodity dual-purpose forest intermediate cutting or stand conversion, selection for the purpose of friendship woods intimate natural management
The sweetgum of value, soapberry carry out mixed friendship, and interplant Camellia nitidissima under crown canopy, to improve the comprehensive warp of masson pine and mixed forest point
Ji value (masson pine thinning timber benefit, masson pine and sweetgum resin tapping economic benefit, soapberry and sweetgum addition product medicine,
Economic of Chemical Engineering benefit, Camellia nitidissima dietotherapeutic economic benefit, woodland scenery benefit).Also, mixed forest can substantially reduce pest and disease damage
Occur, improve stand quality, increases the benefit of ecology and society etc..Forest land is born interest every year for a long time, and energy
Guarantee forest land intimate natural management, improve forest land entirety economic benefit, meanwhile, sweetgum, soapberry fast-growing can be in the short time
Build masson pine mixture plantation.First term can be entered after Camellia nitidissima 5 years, enter period of high birth within 8 years, every plant can directly take in and reach
Thousands of members.It is mixed that practical application shows that the present invention is suitable for transforming the Pinus massoniana forest after closing as under the different age of trees and environment
Woods is handed over, the efficiency of artificial Mixed Forests can be significantly improved, shortens mixed forest and builds the time, save construction cost, more tree species, length
Short combination can give full play to the economic benefit and ecological benefits of mixed forest.It is final to realize that blue mountains and green waters is exactly Kingsoft Yin Shan.Therefore,
The present invention has stronger practicability, operability, popularization and application foreground wide, is masson pine mixture plantation intimate natural management
Effective approach is provided, also wild operation is imitated for Camellia nitidissima and improves new way, a new method, a complete gold can be established
Jasmine tea production system mode expands Camellia nitidissima cultivated area.A Camellia nitidissima industrialization standard is constructed, industrialization process is accelerated,
To people's livelihood health is improved, realizes " common people's richness, ecological beauty " and have important practical significance.
Specific embodiment
Principle and feature of the invention below are described, and the example lifted is served only for explaining the present invention, are not intended to limit
Determine the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Enforcement place: the Fujian Province street Zhangping City Jing Cheng cyanines East Village Dongshan Park, 20 mu of area, site type is Group III.
Height above sea level 205m, topography is more gentle, and the gradient is at 20 ° or less.Nineteen ninety afforestation, 167 plants/acre of the density of plantation, seeding row spacing 2m × 2m.
Intermediate cutting is primary within 2005, retains 80 plants of strain number.
(1) intermediate cutting: 2013 second intermediate cutting retains Canopy densities 0.4 after intermediate cutting, retains 30 plants/acre of strain number.
(2) dig cave: according to conserved density along the random excavation cavity of contour under the Pinus massoniana Canopy after intermediate cutting, cave specification is
Wide 60cm × the 60cm in face, bottom width 40cm × 40cm, deep 40cm.Density is 80 plants/acre.Every cave organic fertilizer 5kg.
(3) it plants: selecting rainy days by annual soapberry and biennial Camellia nitidissima container nursery stock implantation step in January
(2) cave dug, wherein soapberry plants 10 plants/acre, 70 plants/acre of concave veins Camellia nitidissima.
(4) horizontal ditch is opened: by opening up horizontal ditch at quality shape extension 1.50m centered on the Camellia nitidissima plant of field planting, to
Upper to excavate long 1m, the long 0.5m of the right and left excavation, horizontal ditch is width 30cm, depth 25cm.
(5) it fosters: the annual 4-5 month and the 8-9 month expanding the soapberry of interplanting, Camellia nitidissima in 3 years after afforestation
Cave, split entirely it is each primary.
(6) water and fertilizer management: expanding cave and splitting entirely while organic fertilizer 1kg is imposed to concave veins Camellia nitidissima plant.
By observation, after masson pine forest interplanting soapberry and Camellia nitidissima, under the prestige evil of masson pine pest and disease damage is obvious
Drop grows also denseer, soapberry, concave veins Camellia nitidissima well-grown.
Increment inventory measurement:
Measurement on November 15th, 2015, as a result as follows:
Soapberry mean stand height 1.5m, mean DBH increment 2cm.
The test of concave veins Camellia nitidissima is planted under Pinus massoniana Canopy, test sets 4 processing and is repeated 3 times, by 2 years after plantation
Management, concave veins Camellia nitidissima plant strain growth is vigorous, and plantation storage rate is 100%, treelet mean stand height 0.9m, and be averaged ground diameter 1.8cm,
The maximum high 1.75m of plant tree, maximum ground diameter 2.5cm.
Embodiment 2:
Enforcement place: the Fujian Province street Zhangping City Jing Cheng cyanines East Village Dongshan Park, 10 mu of area, site type is Group III.
Height above sea level 216m, topography is more gentle, and the gradient is at 20 ° or less.Nineteen ninety afforestation, 167 plants/acre of the density of plantation, seeding row spacing 2m × 2m.
Intermediate cutting is primary within 2005, retains 80 plants of strain number.
(1) intermediate cutting: 2012 second intermediate cutting retains Canopy densities 0.4 after intermediate cutting, retains 20 plants/acre of strain number.
(2) it digs cave: being dug along contour by seeding row spacing 3m × 3.5m under the Pinus massoniana Canopy after intermediate cutting according to conserved density
Cave, cave specification are the wide 60cm × 60cm in face, bottom width 40cm × 40cm, deep 40cm.Density is 80 plants/acre.Every cave organic fertilizer
5kg。
(3) it plants: selecting in January, 2013 be implanted into annual soapberry and 5 years raw Camellia nitidissima bulk container nursery stocks rainy days
The cave that step (2) is dug, wherein soapberry plants 10 plants/acre, 70 plants/acre of Camellia nitidissima.
(4) horizontal ditch is opened: by opening up horizontal ditch at quality shape extension 1.50m centered on the Camellia nitidissima plant of field planting, to
Upper to excavate long 1m, the long 0.5m of the right and left excavation, horizontal ditch is width 30cm, depth 25cm.
(5) it fosters: the annual 4-5 month and the 8-9 month expanding the soapberry of interplanting, Camellia nitidissima in 3 years after afforestation
Cave, split entirely it is each primary.
(6) water and fertilizer management: expanding cave and splitting entirely while organic fertilizer 2kg is imposed to Camellia nitidissima plant.
(7) it trims: being bound (fixed dry) when 2013 end of the year Camellia nitidissima trunks grow into 1.5m high in autumn and winter, by terminal bud
It cuts off, main side branch is long to cut off bud to 30cm or more, and the sick branch in tree crown, thin and delicate branch, crossing branch are wiped out, and guarantees tree crown
Interior ventilation and penetrating light, plant strain growth are vigorous；Be conducive to the formation of lateral bud and flower.
By observation, after masson pine forest interplanting soapberry and Camellia nitidissima, under the prestige evil of masson pine pest and disease damage is obvious
Drop, growth is also denseer, and soapberry, Camellia nitidissima well-grown, Camellia nitidissima bloom in December, 2014.
Increment inventory measurement
Measurement on December 15th, 2015, as a result as follows:
Soapberry mean stand height 2m, mean DBH increment 3cm, even crown diameter 1.5m..
Camellia nitidissima test is planted under Pinus massoniana Canopy, test sets 2 processing and is repeated 2 times, by 3 years pipes after plantation
Reason, Camellia nitidissima plant strain growth is vigorous, and plantation storage rate is 100%, mean stand height 1.7m, average ground diameter 4.0cm, even crown diameter
1.4m, average wheel disc branch are taken turns up to 5-6.The maximum high 1.9m of plant tree, maximum ground diameter 4.5cm.Maximum hat width 1.7m, maximum wheel disc branch
Up to 10 wheels.Every plant of flower yield is between 40-200.
Above-mentioned 2, because building site is located in Forest Park, by opening up pavement, now form Landscape Forest, autumn and winter
The variation of the colors such as soapberry leaf fruit and 1-3 month Camellia nitidissima are in full bloom, form multiple spot landscape, numerous tourists is attracted to visit.
Embodiment 3:
Enforcement place: the village Feng Le of the township Shanghang County Lu Feng of Fujian Province, 50 mu of area, site type is Group III.Height above sea level
400m, topography is more gentle, and the gradient is at 25 ° or less.Middle aged Pinus massoniana plantation.
(1) intermediate cutting: intermediate cutting in 2015 retains Canopy densities 0.4 after intermediate cutting, retains 60 plants/acre of strain number.
(2) dig cave: according to conserved density along the random excavation cavity of contour under the Pinus massoniana Canopy after intermediate cutting, cave specification is
Wide 60cm × the 60cm in face, bottom width 40cm × 40cm, deep 40cm.Density is 100 plants/acre.Every cave organic fertilizer 4kg.
(3) it plants: being implanted into annual sweetgum and soapberry and biennial Camellia nitidissima container nursery stock in selection rainy days in January
The cave that step (2) is dug, wherein sweetgum plants 20 plants/acre, 80 plants/acre of Camellia nitidissima.
(4) horizontal ditch is opened: by opening up horizontal ditch at quality shape extension 1.50m centered on the Camellia nitidissima plant of field planting, to
Upper to excavate long 1m, the long 0.5m of the right and left excavation, horizontal ditch is width 30cm, depth 25cm.
(5) foster: the sweetgum of interplanting, Camellia nitidissima are carried out expansion cave, split respectively entirely by month current year 4-5 and the 8-9 month after afforestation
Once.
(6) while expanding cave and splitting entirely, organic fertilizer 1kg water and fertilizer management: is imposed to Camellia nitidissima plant.
By observation, after masson pine forest interplanting sweetgum and Camellia nitidissima, the prestige evil of masson pine pest and disease damage is decreased obviously,
Its growth is also denseer, sweetgum, Camellia nitidissima well-grown.
Increment inventory measurement
Measurement on April 15th, 2017, as a result as follows:
Sweetgum mean stand height 1.0m, average ground diameter 2cm..
Camellia nitidissima test is planted under Pinus massoniana Canopy, test sets 2 processing and is repeated 3 times, by the pipe more than 1 year after plantation
Reason, Camellia nitidissima plant strain growth is vigorous, and plantation storage rate is 94%, treelet mean stand height 0.6m, and average ground diameter 0.9cm is maximum to plant
High by 0.85, maximum ground diameter 1.1cm is set in strain.
The present invention should be noted that the following:
(1) according to the storage rate after masson pine first time intermediate cutting, intermediate cutting is carried out again, by pure forest density intermediate cutting to 20-40
Plant/acre, it is to dig cave unit with woods internal pore skylight, plants broad leaf tree and Camellia nitidissima according to random alignment mode.
(2) good growing weather condition, Canopy densities and standing forest is selected to carry out plantation Camellia nitidissima.
(3) water and fertilizer management is paid attention in cultivation management, weather prolonged drought is because reinforcing water drenching moisturizing.
(4) plastic container bag should be detached from by plantation Camellia nitidissima, then nursery stock band Nutrition Soil is transplanted in cave, multiple surface soil pressure
It is real.Drench root water, it is ensured that survival rate.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of the method for planting Camellia nitidissima under different age stratified mixed stand and crown canopy, spy are transformed using Pinus massoniana forest after closing
Sign is: after closing in Pinus massoniana forest, Canopy densities is reduced by intermediate cutting, according to the density and broad-leaved retained after intermediate cutting
The direction that the biological characteristics of tree and Camellia nitidissima are cultivated, located level ditch and excavated cavity under Pinus massoniana Canopy are being excavated
According to masson pine in cave: broad leaf tree: Camellia nitidissima strain number ratio 40-60: 10-20: 70-80, at random transplant one kind at 20-40: 10: 80
Mixed effect and Camellia nitidissima.
2. according to claim 1 Pinus massoniana forest after closing is transform as under different age stratified mixed stand and crown canopy plants gold
The method of jasmine tea, which is characterized in that the Mixed effect includes sweetgum, soapberry.
3. according to claim 1 transforming Pinus massoniana forest after closing as different age irregular forest and plant golden flower under crown canopy
Tea method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) requirement at the age of Pinus massoniana forest, Stand Status and forest land selection is determined after closing.
(2) target is cultivated according to Camellia nitidissima, determines the density retained after Pinus massoniana forest intermediate cutting.
(3) according to contour excavated cavity and horizontal ditch.
(4) biological characteristics for cultivating Camellia nitidissima target and landscape direction and masson pine Mixed effect, root are being fully considered
According to Camellia nitidissima with leaf with or flower with selecting different Mixed effects for condition.
(5) a kind of associated species and Camellia nitidissima are configured according to conserved density.
4. according to claim 3 transforming Pinus massoniana forest after closing as different age irregular forest and plant golden flower under crown canopy
Tea method, it is characterised in that include the following steps in (1), the Pinus massoniana forest age after closing selected to be divided into 10-16,20 years with
On, clear bole height in 2m or more, and have a good transport service, average annual temperature is 18 DEG C or more, height above sea level 600m is hereinafter, topography is more gentle, the gradient
In 25 ° of masson pine forest lands below.
5. according to claim 3 transforming Pinus massoniana forest after closing as different age irregular forest and plant golden flower under crown canopy
Tea method, it is characterised in that include the following steps in (2), after the standing forest intermediate cutting of 10-16 closing retain strain number be 40-60 plants/
Mu, 20 years or more 20-40 plants/acre.
6. according to claim 3 Pinus massoniana forest after closing is transform as under different age irregular forest and crown canopy plants Camellia nitidissima
Method, it is characterised in that include the following steps excavation cavity under the masson pine forest crown canopy in (3) after intermediate cutting, cave specification is that face is wide
60cm × 60cm, bottom width 40cm × 40cm, deep 40cm.Density is 70-80 plants/acre.Planning plantation Camellia nitidissima plant before and
Long 0.5-1m, width 30cm, depth 25cm horizontal ditch are excavated by isosceles triangle in left and right, and rainfall is made to be converted into soil moisture and underground water.
7. transforming Pinus massoniana forest after closing as under different age irregular forest and crown canopy plantation Camellia nitidissima side according to claim 3
Method, it is characterised in that include the following steps the selection plantation sweetgum that flower use or leaf Camellia nitidissima and landscape are cultivated in (4) or without trouble
Son.
8. according to claim 3 transforming Pinus massoniana forest after closing as different age irregular forest and plant golden flower under crown canopy
Tea method, it is characterised in that include the following steps the age 10-16 in (5) according to Pinus massoniana forest, 20 years or more.Masson pine
With the tree species quantity of broad leaf tree and Camellia nitidissima than being respectively 40-60: 10-20: 60-80,20-40: 10: 80.
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