CN105494003B - A kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494003B CN105494003B CN201510916339.0A CN201510916339A CN105494003B CN 105494003 B CN105494003 B CN 105494003B CN 201510916339 A CN201510916339 A CN 201510916339A CN 105494003 B CN105494003 B CN 105494003B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, belong to economic forest breeding breeding field.It comprises the following steps：(1) establish to garden：Selection of seedling, select to garden, site preparation, field planting；(2) managing a garden：Foster weeding, fertilising, trimming, prevention waterlogging drought resisting, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Using the oil tea breeding cutting orchard cultural method of the present invention; start within the 2nd year after garden is built to adopt fringe, the 3rd year per mu yield fringe bud 400,000, the 4th year per mu yield fringe bud 780,000; it is the important technology of scale large scale cultivating oil tea breeding fringe bud in a short time more than more than 1 times of similar cutting orchard.5 mu of the oil tea breeding cutting orchard area of the present invention, 2015 annual per mu yield fringe buds 780,000, total yield fringe bud 3,900,000.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, belong to economic forest breeding breeding field.
Background technology
Oil tea is one of important woody oil tree species in China, its major product --- tea oil, is a kind of table oil.Tea
The unsaturated fatty acid content of oil is up to more than 90%, significantly larger than rape seed oil and peanut oil, higher than olive oil 2 percentage points,
7 percentage points higher than olive oil and 1 times or so respectively of the content of oleic acid and vitamin E, is described as " east olive oil ", before market
Scape is wide.China oil tea is mainly distributed on the province of Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi etc. 16 (city, area), before 2010, national oil tea cultivation
50,000,000 mu or so of area, 27.7 ten thousand tons, average yield per mu 5.5kg or so of tea oil is produced per year, in low yield, poor benefit operation.
Develop in order that oil tea produces to high-quality, highly efficient and productive direction, grow economy of forestry, cause the hill farmer masses
Richness, the beginning of this century start the development that China attaches great importance to camellia oleiferaindustry.The government department in southern main oil tea producing region has put into effect hair
The associated documents of camellia oleiferaindustry are opened up, establish oil tea production base on a large scale, but lack breeding nursery stock in the development of production.Cause
This, in order to accelerate the pace of construction of oil tea Seed multiplication base, provides substantial amounts of breeding fringe bud and nursery stock, it is necessary to study one for production
Kind oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a kind of a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation side
Method.Using the method for the present invention, start within the 2nd year after garden is built to adopt fringe, the 3rd year per mu yield fringe bud more than 400,000, the 4th year per mu yield fringe
Bud more than 780,000, more than more than 1 times of similar cutting orchard.5 mu of the oil tea breeding cutting orchard area of the present invention, 2015 annuals
Per mu yield fringe bud 780,000, total yield fringe bud 3,900,000.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows：A kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation side
Method, comprise the following steps：
(1) establish to garden
1A. selection of seedling:Oil tea breeding Cen that selection country is assert is soft No. 2, annual nutrition cup grafting of soft No. 3 of Cen
As nursery stock, 25~30cm of height of seedling, 0.25~0.35cm of ground diameter, seedling growth is normal, no disease and pests harm；
Select to 1B. gardens：The garden of selection slope aspect for southwest to gentle slope, soil layer depth 1.3m, the soil is porous, soil pH
Value 4.5~5.5；
1C. site preparations：Garden obtained by step 1B is carried out the 1st time and cultivated entirely by the November of 1 year before garden is built, after winterization,
Build garden and carry out the 2nd time January then and cultivate entirely, carry out a point furrow building the early March of garden then, determine to be colonized by 0.45m × 0.45m
Point, dig the field planting that specification is 12cm × 12cm × 12cm in field planting point and cheat, side dressing puts base manure 1.0kg in each field planting hole, is used in combination
Soil is mixed thoroughly；
1D. is colonized：It is colonized building the late March of garden then, before field planting, first by nursery stock obtained by step 1A with transporting to garden
It is interior, put according to each one plant of field planting hole plantation, first the plastic nutritional cup of nutrition cup grafting is deviate from during field planting, then will
Nutrition Soil in nutrition cup is put into obtained by step 1C in field planting hole together with grafting, righting nursery stock, and the handy soil of step 1C institutes is mixed
Even base manure is inserted in field planting hole, and soil is compacted back when planting, and most one layer of bonnet loosens the soil, and base portion is formed the tree disk of turtleback shape, fixed
Wooden graft union plant seedlings above the native face of base portion, every plant of leaching root water 1.0kg after being colonized；
(2) managing a garden
2A. fosters weeding：Fostered in field planting the first tenday period of a month in May then, pine tree disk soil is uprooted in fine day, loosen the soil 5~
7cm, weeds are dried 2~3 days, be then covered on tree disk；In early August and early November, then once fostered respectively,
Method is identical with fostering for the first tenday period of a month in May；Annual early April, early August, early November after 2nd year, full garden is carried out respectively
Foster weeding；
2B. applies fertilizer
Top dressing：In the first tenday period of a month in May of field planting then, the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that mass percent concentration is 0.3% is applied per seedlings
0.8~1.0kg of liquid；Field planting late June then, 10~12kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is applied to every mu of garden, loosen the soil 4 after broadcast application~
5cm；Field planting early August then, every plant apply mass percent concentration for 0.4% 1.0~1.2kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid or
Every mu of garden of rainy day ground applying granular fertilizer 12kg；
Weight fertilizer：After field planting, ditch Shi Chongfei in annual early December, and the heavy fertilizer is granular potassium sulfate composite fertilizer, often
The mu garden ground 15kg that applies fertilizer；
2C. is trimmed：After field planting, the trunk of plant undetermined grows into 60~70cm, by trunk ground with the 50 of up to top
Blocked at~55cm, form the first master branch；The young sprout of first master branch grows to 8~10cm and carries out disconnected top, forms the second master
Side shoot；Second master branch growth to 10~15cm carries out disconnected top, forms the 3rd master branch；3rd master branch growth to 30~35cm
Disconnected top, form the skeleton branch that fringe bud is sprouted；
2D. prevention waterloggings, drought resisting：
The 2E. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, cultivated entirely described in step 1C to break up the clods, dig deep 25cm, remove debris and native interior diameter >=5cm stone
Head, with raking garden, described to divide furrow to be rule using lime, the wide 1.0m of furrow face, the wide 0.35m of pavement, pavement depth 12cm.
Further, the dressing furrow that trench digging described in step 2B applies weight fertilizer is excavated among the spacing in the rows of planting stock, and depth is
10cm。
Further, prevention waterlogging described in step 2D, in garden surrounding excavates gutter after field planting, furrow width 50cm, deep 40~
60cm, the low-lying place in garden opens small ditch water discharge, and is connected with the gutter of surrounding, and the ponding in garden is discharged；The drought resisting, it is
Straighten footpath 4cm water spray water bag after field planting along furrow face, every 2 furrow configure a water bag, are sprayed water when afternoon 4 during weather arid.
Further, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control described in step 2E, it is specially：
(1) Oil Tea Anthracnose：5~July then is colonized, it is bacterium more than 50% to spray a mass percent concentration every 10 days
Spirit or 500 times of liquid of Bravo, above two medicament are respectively separated use, are colonized the annual mid-May of Second Year to the 5th year,
After the spring tip enters semi-lignified, the Bordeaux mixture that mass percent concentration is 0.7% is sprayed；
(2) oil tea stem rot：Position will be first endangered gently to be scraped once with bamboo chip, then with mass percent concentration be 50% it is more
Bacterium 200 times of liquid of spirit add loess to be tuned into pasty state to apply dry, or applied and done with 1% Bordeaux mixture, be used in conjunction 3 times；
(3) chafer：4~June then is colonized, when discovery is caused harm, at night with 800 times of liquid of metrifonate or decis
1000 times of liquid are sprayed, and are spaced 3~4 days 1 time, are used in conjunction 2 times；
(4) heap sand moth moth：4~June then is colonized, when discovery is caused harm, sprays 800 times of liquid of Rogor or 2.5% to trunk
2500 times of liquid of deltamethrin milk oil, it is spaced 7 days once, continuous 2 uses；In annual winter, tree, which is pitched, heap sand shape thing, according to
Heap sand shape thing finds insect population, injects insect population with 100 times of metrifonate decoctions, again with soil sealing insect population.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) using the method for the present invention, start within the 2nd year after garden is built to adopt fringe, the 3rd year per mu yield fringe bud more than 400,000, the 4th
Year per mu yield fringe bud more than 780,000, more than more than 1 times of similar cutting orchard.5 mu of the oil tea breeding cutting orchard area of the present invention,
2015 annual per mu yield fringe buds 780,000, total yield fringe bud 3,900,000.
(2) means such as the present invention is done by Rational Determination, trimmed, training rudiment, rush vigorous branches bud (fringe bud) is sprouted, can be cultivated
Substantial amounts of sturdy fringe bud.
(3) large scale cultivating oil tea breeding fringe bud of the invention, it is great the asking for establishing the urgent need solution of oil tea base on a large scale
Topic.
Embodiment
The principle and feature of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
A kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, comprises the following steps：
(1) establish to garden
1A. selection of seedling:Oil tea breeding Cen that selection country is assert is soft No. 2, annual nutrition cup grafting of soft No. 3 of Cen
As nursery stock, 25~30cm of height of seedling, 0.25~0.35cm of ground diameter, seedling growth is normal, no disease and pests harm.
Select to 1B. gardens：Select to garden in Guangxi Xing'an County Cui local Gao Ze villages, the oil of Hui Feng oil teas development company of Xingan
In tea cultivation demonstration field, 5.0 mu, height above sea level 225.0m of garden ground area, slope aspect is southwest to, 15~20 ° of the gradient, soil layer depth 1.3m,
The soil is porous, soil pH value 4.5~5.5, red soil, and the main vegetation on garden ground has：Asiatic plantain (Plantago asiatica L.),
Bitter fleabane (Erigeron acer L.), bidens pilosa (Bidens pilosa L.), green bristlegrass (Setaria viridis
(L.) Beauv.), Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.), polygonum perfoliatum (Polygonum perfoliatum L.), mountain
The certain kind of berries (Rubus corchorifolius L.f.), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), ramie (Boehmeria
Nivea (L.) Gaudich.), Pteris multifida (Pteris multifida).
1C. site preparations：Garden obtained by step 1B is carried out the 1st time and cultivated entirely by the November of 1 year before garden is built, and is broken up the clods, and is dug deep
25cm, debris and native interior diameter >=5cm stone are removed, with raking garden, after winterization, the 2nd is carried out January then building garden
It is secondary to cultivate entirely, the early March of garden then is being built, a point furrow are being carried out using lime line, the wide 1.0m of furrow face, the wide 0.35m of pavement, pavement are deep
12cm, field planting point is determined by 0.45m × 0.45m, dig the field planting that specification is 12cm × 12cm × 12cm in field planting point and cheat, each
Field planting hole side dressing puts base manure 1.0kg, and is mixed thoroughly with soil.
1D. is colonized：It is colonized building the late March of garden then, before field planting, first by nursery stock obtained by step 1A with transporting to garden
It is interior, put according to each one plant of field planting hole plantation, first the plastic nutritional cup of nutrition cup grafting is deviate from during field planting, then will
Nutrition Soil in nutrition cup is put into obtained by step 1C in field planting hole together with grafting, righting nursery stock, and the handy soil of step 1C institutes is mixed
Even base manure is inserted in field planting hole, and soil is compacted back when planting, and most one layer of bonnet loosens the soil, and base portion is formed the tree disk of turtleback shape, fixed
Wooden graft union plant seedlings above the native face of base portion, every plant of leaching root water 1.0kg after being colonized.
(2) managing a garden
2A. fosters weeding：Fostered in field planting the first tenday period of a month in May then, pine tree disk soil is uprooted in fine day, loosen the soil 5~
7cm, weeds are dried 2~3 days, be then covered on tree disk；In early August and early November, then once fostered respectively,
Method is identical with fostering for the first tenday period of a month in May；Annual early April, early August, early November after 2nd year, full garden is carried out respectively
Foster weeding；
2B. applies fertilizer
Top dressing：In the first tenday period of a month in May of field planting then, the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that mass percent concentration is 0.3% is applied per seedlings
0.8~1.0kg of liquid；Field planting late June then, 10~12kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is applied to every mu of garden, loosen the soil 4 after broadcast application~
5cm；Field planting early August then, every plant apply mass percent concentration for 0.4% 1.0~1.2kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid or
Every mu of garden of rainy day ground applying granular fertilizer 12kg；
Weight fertilizer：After field planting, ditched Shi Chongfei in annual early December, and dressing furrow is opened among the spacing in the rows of planting stock
Dig, depth 10cm, the heavy fertilizer is granular potassium sulfate composite fertilizer, every mu of garden ground 15kg that applies fertilizer；
2C. is trimmed：After field planting, the trunk of plant undetermined grows into 60~70cm, by trunk ground with the 50 of up to top
Blocked at~55cm, form the first master branch；The young sprout of first master branch grows to 8~10cm and carries out disconnected top, forms the second master
Side shoot；Second master branch growth to 10~15cm carries out disconnected top, forms the 3rd master branch；3rd master branch growth to 30~35cm
Disconnected top, form the skeleton branch that fringe bud is sprouted.
2D. prevention waterloggings, drought resisting
Prevention waterlogging：In garden surrounding excavates gutter after field planting, furrow width 50cm, deep 40~60cm, and the low-lying place in garden opens small
Ditch water discharge, and be connected with the gutter of surrounding, the ponding in garden is discharged；
Drought resisting：Straighten footpath 4cm water spray water bag after field planting along furrow face, every 2 furrow configure a water bag, during weather arid under
Sprayed water during noon 4.
The 2E. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
(1) Oil Tea Anthracnose：5~July then is colonized, it is bacterium more than 50% to spray a mass percent concentration every 10 days
Spirit or 500 times of liquid of Bravo, above two medicament are respectively separated use, are colonized the annual mid-May of Second Year to the 5th year,
After the spring tip enters semi-lignified, the Bordeaux mixture that mass percent concentration is 0.7% is sprayed；
(2) oil tea stem rot：Position will be first endangered gently to be scraped once with bamboo chip, then with mass percent concentration be 50% it is more
Bacterium 200 times of liquid of spirit add loess to be tuned into pasty state to apply dry, or applied and done with 1% Bordeaux mixture, be used in conjunction 3 times；
(3) chafer：4~June then is colonized, when discovery is caused harm, liquid sprays with 800 times of liquid of metrifonate or again at night
Kill, be spaced 3~4 days 1 time, be used in conjunction 2 times；
(4) heap sand moth moth：4~June then is colonized, when discovery is caused harm, sprays 800 times of liquid of Rogor or 2.5% to trunk
2500 times of liquid of deltamethrin milk oil, it is spaced 7 days once, continuous 2 uses；In annual winter, tree, which is pitched, heap sand shape thing, according to
Heap sand shape thing finds insect population, injects insect population with 100 times of metrifonate decoctions, again with soil sealing insect population.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) establish to garden1A. selection of seedling:Oil tea breeding Cen that selection country is assert is soft No. 2, annual nutrition cup grafting conduct of soft No. 3 of Cen Nursery stock, 25~30cm of height of seedling, 0.25~0.35cm of ground diameter, seedling growth is normal, no disease and pests harm；Select to 1B. gardens：The garden of selection for slope aspect be southwest to gentle slope, soil layer depth 1.3m, the soil is porous, soil pH value 4.5~5.5；1C. site preparations：Garden obtained by step 1B is carried out the 1st time and cultivated entirely by the November of 1 year before garden is built, after winterization, in Jian Pu Carry out the 2nd January then to cultivate entirely, a point furrow carried out building the early March of garden then, field planting point is determined by 0.45m × 0.45m, The field planting that specification is 12cm × 12cm × 12cm is dug in field planting point to cheat, in each field planting hole, side dressing puts base manure 1.0kg, and is mixed with soil It is even；1D. is colonized：It is colonized building the late March of garden then, before field planting, is first transported to nursery stock obtained by step 1A in the ground of garden, Put according to each one plant of field planting hole plantation, first deviate from the plastic nutritional cup of nutrition cup grafting during field planting, then will battalion The Nutrition Soil supported in cup is put into obtained by step 1C in field planting hole together with grafting, righting nursery stock, and the handy soil of step 1C institutes is mixed thoroughly Base manure insert field planting hole in, while plant while be compacted back soil, most one layer of bonnet loosens the soil, make base portion formation turtleback shape tree disk, be colonized The graft union of nursery stock is above the native face of base portion, every plant of leaching root water 1.0kg after being colonized；(2) managing a garden2A. fosters weeding：Fostered in the first tenday period of a month in May of field planting then, pine tree disk soil is uprooted in fine day, loosen the soil 5~7cm, will Weeds are dried 2~3 days, are then covered on tree disk；In early August and early November, then once fostered respectively, method with Fostering for the first tenday period of a month in May is identical；Annual early April, early August, early November after 2nd year, carry out full garden respectively and foster to remove Grass；2B. applies fertilizerTop dressing：In the first tenday period of a month in May of field planting then, the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid 0.8 that mass percent concentration is 0.3% is applied per seedlings ~1.0kg；Field planting late June then, 10~12kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is applied to every mu of garden, loosen the soil 4~5cm after broadcast application；It is fixed Plant early August then, it is that 0.4% 1.0~1.2kg of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid or rainy day are every that every plant, which is applied mass percent concentration, Mu garden ground applying granular fertilizer 12kg；Weight fertilizer：After field planting, ditch Shi Chongfei in annual early December, and the heavy fertilizer is granular potassium sulfate composite fertilizer, every mu of garden Apply fertilizer 15kg on ground；2C. is trimmed：After field planting, the trunk of plant undetermined grows into 60~70cm, is cut at 50~55cm more than trunk ground It is disconnected, form the first master branch；The young sprout of first master branch grows to 8~10cm and carries out disconnected top, forms the second master branch；Second master Collateral generation carries out disconnected top to 10~15cm, forms the 3rd master branch；The disconnected top of 3rd master branch growth to 30~35cm, forms fringe The skeleton branch that bud is sprouted；2D. prevention waterloggings, drought resisting；The 2E. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
- A kind of 2. oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1C It is described to cultivate entirely to break up the clods, deep 25cm is dug, removes debris and native interior diameter >=5cm stone, it is with raking garden, described to divide furrow to adopt Rule with lime, the wide 1.0m of furrow face, the wide 0.35m of pavement, pavement depth 12cm.
- A kind of 3. oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2B The dressing furrow that the trench digging applies weight fertilizer is excavated among the spacing in the rows of planting stock, depth 10cm.
- 4. a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, its feature exist In, prevention waterlogging described in step 2D, in garden surrounding excavates gutter after field planting, furrow width 50cm, deep 40~60cm are low-lying in garden Place opens small ditch water discharge, and is connected with the gutter of surrounding, and the ponding in garden is discharged；The drought resisting, to be put after field planting along furrow face Diameter 4cm water spray water bag, every 2 furrow configure a water bag, are sprayed water when afternoon 4 during weather arid.
- 5. a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, its feature exist In, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control described in step 2E, specially：(1) Oil Tea Anthracnose：Field planting 5~July then, every the mass percent concentration of spray in 10 days be 50% carbendazim or 500 times of liquid of Bravo, above two medicament are respectively separated use, field planting Second Year to the annual mid-May of the 5th year, the spring tip Into after semi-lignified, the Bordeaux mixture that mass percent concentration is 0.7% is sprayed；(2) oil tea stem rot：Position will be first endangered gently to be scraped once with bamboo chip, then with mass percent concentration be 50% carbendazim 200 times of liquid add loess to be tuned into pasty state to apply dry, or applied and done with 1% Bordeaux mixture, be used in conjunction 3 times；(3) chafer：4~June then is colonized, when discovery is caused harm, at night with 1000 times of 800 times of liquid of metrifonate or decis Liquid is sprayed, and is spaced 3~4 days 1 time, is used in conjunction 2 times；(4) heap sand moth moth：4~June then is colonized, when discovery is caused harm, sprays 800 times of liquid of Rogor or 2.5% bromine cyanogen to trunk 2500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate, it is spaced 7 days once, continuous 2 uses；In annual winter, tree, which is pitched, heap sand shape thing, according to heap sand Shape thing finds insect population, injects insect population with 100 times of metrifonate decoctions, again with soil sealing insect population.
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| CN106069489A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 枞阳县金社乡云岭油茶种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of Oleum Camelliae high yield cultivating method |
| CN106258723A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 陶灵娥 | A kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method |
| CN106234122A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-21 | 陶灵娥 | A kind of oil tea high-survival rate cuttage breeding method |
| CN110012740A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting |
| CN110012771B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-01-22 | 广西师范大学 | Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia |
| CN110012772A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of construction method of the ginkgo ecological forest |
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| CN101611689B (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-05-18 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Constructing method of cutting orchards of short, dense, early and rich cutting orchards of oil tea |
| CN101773045B (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2013-11-13 | 李子辉 | Complete oil-tea camellia wildwood variety improvement method |
| CN102210236B (en) * | 2010-04-03 | 2013-11-13 | 常德市林业科学研究所 | Method for establishing oil-tea camellia cutting orchard by virtue of low-position stem pruning, sprouting and cut grafting |
| CN104221644B (en) * | 2013-06-22 | 2016-08-24 | 天柱县永兴茶油种植专业合作社 | A kind of camellia oleifera lam base specification cultural method |
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