CN105494003A - Early high-yield cultivation method adopting improved Camellia oleifera variety cutting orchard - Google Patents
Early high-yield cultivation method adopting improved Camellia oleifera variety cutting orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494003A CN105494003A CN201510916339.0A CN201510916339A CN105494003A CN 105494003 A CN105494003 A CN 105494003A CN 201510916339 A CN201510916339 A CN 201510916339A CN 105494003 A CN105494003 A CN 105494003A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses an early high-yield cultivation method adopting an improved Camellia oleifera variety cutting orchard and belongs to the field of economic forest improved variety propagation. The method comprises steps as follows: (1) establishment of orchard land: selection of nursery stocks, selection of the orchard land, land preparation and planting; (2) management of the orchard land: tending and weeding, application of fertilizer, pruning, waterlogging prevention and drought resisting as well as disease and pest control. With the adoption of the cultivation method adopting the improved Camellia oleifera variety cutting orchard, cutting is begun in the second years after establishment of the orchard, 400,000 panicle sprouts are produced per mu in the third year, 780,000 panicle sprouts are produced per mu in the fourth year, the panicle sprouts are more than twice that of a similar cutting orchard, and the method is an important technology for large-scale cultivation of improved Camellia oleifera variety panicle sprouts in a short time. The improved Camellia oleifera variety cutting orchard has an area of 5 mu, 780,000 panicle sprouts are produced averagely per mu in 2015, and 3,900,000 panicle sprouts are produced totally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, belong to economic forest breeding breeding field.
Background technology
Oil tea is one of important woody oil tree species of China, and its major product---tea oil is a kind of table oil.The unsaturated fatty acid content of tea oil is up to more than 90%, far away higher than rape seed oil and peanut oil, than olive innage 2 percentage points, the content of oleic acid and vitamin E is respectively than olive innage 7 percentage points and about 1 times, be described as " east olive oil ", wide market.China oil tea is mainly distributed in 16 provinces (city, district) such as Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and before 2010, national oil tea area under cultivation about 5,000 ten thousand mu, produce tea oil 27.7 ten thousand tons per year, average yield per mu about 5.5kg, is in low yield, poor benefit operation.
In order to make oil tea produce to high-quality, highly efficient and productive future development, growing forest economy, the hill farmer masses being got rich, starts the development that China attaches great importance to camellia oleiferaindustry the beginning of this century.The government department in main oil tea producing region, south has put into effect the associated documents of development camellia oleiferaindustry, sets up oil tea production base on a large scale, but lack breeding nursery stock in the development of producing.Therefore, in order to accelerate the pace of construction of oil tea Seed multiplication base, providing a large amount of breeding fringe buds and nursery stock for producing, being necessary to study a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method is provided.Adopt method of the present invention, the 2nd year after building garden starts to adopt fringe, the 3rd year per mu yield fringe bud more than 400,000, and the 4th year per mu yield fringe bud more than 780,000, exceedes more than 1 times of similar cutting orchard.Oil tea breeding cutting orchard area 5 mu of the present invention, 2015 annual per mu yield fringe buds 780,000, total product fringe bud 3,900,000.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(1) ground, garden is set up
1A. selection of seedling: select the annual nutrition cup grafting of soft No. 2 of the oil tea breeding Cen of country's identification, soft No. 3 of Cen as nursery stock, height of seedling 25 ~ 30cm, leading thread 0.25 ~ 0.35cm, seedling growth is normal, without damage by disease and insect;
Ground, 1B. garden is selected: ground, the garden of selection slope aspect be southwest to ground, gentle slope, the dark 1.3m of soil layer, the soil is porous, soil pH value 4.5 ~ 5.5;
1C. is wholely: step 1B gained garden is carried out the 1st time and entirely cultivated building garden November of first 1 year, after winterization, carry out the 2nd time January then and entirely cultivate building garden, carry out point furrow building garden early March then, field planting point is determined by 0.45m × 0.45m, dig at field planting point the field planting hole that specification is 12cm × 12cm × 12cm, in each field planting hole, side dressing puts base manure 1.0kg, and mixes thoroughly with soil;
1D. field planting: carry out field planting building garden late March then, before field planting, first step 1A gained nursery stock is transported in ground, garden, put according to plantation one strain of each field planting hole, first the plastic nutritional cup of nutrition cup grafting is deviate from during field planting, then the Nutrition Soil in nutrition cup is put into step 1C gained field planting hole together with grafting, righting nursery stock, by step 1C the base manure mixed thoroughly of handy soil insert in field planting hole, plant while soil is returned in compacting, last lid layer loosens the soil, base portion is made to form the tree dish of turtleback shape, the grafting mouth of planting stock is above the native face of base portion, normal root water 1.0kg is drenched in the complete rear every strain of field planting,
(2) ground, garden management
2A. fosters weeding: foster the first tenday period of a month in May then in field planting, and in fine day hoe pine tree dish soil, loosen the soil 5 ~ 7cm, weeds dried 2 ~ 3 days, then covers on tree dish; In early August and early November, more once foster respectively, method is identical with fostering of the first tenday period of a month in May; Annual early April after 2nd year, early August, early November, carry out full garden respectively and foster weeding;
2B. applies fertilizer
Topdress: field planting the first tenday period of a month in May then, every seedlings executes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid 0.8 ~ 1.0kg that mass percent concentration is 0.3%; Field planting late June then, execute to every mu of garden compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10 ~ 12kg, loosen the soil after broadcast application 4 ~ 5cm; Field planting early August then, it is 0.4% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid 1.0 ~ 1.2kg or the fertile 12kg of ground, rainy day every mu garden applying granular that mass percent concentration is executed in every strain;
Heavy fertile: after field planting, at trench digging Shi Chongfei of annual early December, described heavy fertilizer is granular potassium sulfate composite fertilizer, every mu of garden ground fertilising 15kg;
2C. prunes: after field planting, the 50 ~ 55cm place more than trunk ground to top, to 60 ~ 70cm, is blocked by the trunk grow of plant undetermined, forms the first master branch; The young sprout of the first master branch grows to 8 ~ 10cm and carries out disconnected top, forms the second master branch; Second master branch growth to 10 ~ 15cm carries out disconnected top, forms the 3rd master branch; The disconnected top of 3rd master branch growth to 30 ~ 35cm, forms the skeleton branch that fringe bud is sprouted;
2D. prevention waterlogging, drought resisting:
The 2E. extermination of disease and insect pest.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, entirely cultivating as breaking up the clods described in step 1C, digging dark 25cm, remove the stone of foreign material and native interior diameter >=5cm, ground, garden of raking, described point of furrow adopt lime line, the wide 0.35m of furrow face width 1.0m, pavement, the dark 12cm of pavement.
Further, it is excavation in the middle of the spacing in the rows of planting stock that trench digging described in step 2B executes heavy fertile dressing furrow, and the degree of depth is 10cm.
Further, prevent waterlogging described in step 2D, for excavating drain ditch, furrow width 50cm, dark 40 ~ 60cm in ground, garden surrounding after field planting, the low-lying place in garden opens little ditch water discharge, and is connected with the drain ditch of surrounding, is discharged by the ponding in garden; Described drought resisting, for straightening the water spray water bag of footpath 4cm after field planting along furrow face, every 2 furrow configure a water bag, spray water during weather arid in afternoon 4 time.
Further, the extermination of disease and insect pest described in step 2E, is specially:
(1) Oil Tea Anthracnose: field planting 5 ~ July then, spraying a mass percent concentration every 10 days is 50% carbendazim or tpn 500 times of liquid, above-mentioned two kinds of medicaments respectively interval use, the annual mid-May of field planting Second Year to the 5th year, after the spring tip enters semi-lignified, spray the bordeaux mixture that mass percent concentration is 0.7%;
(2) oil tea stem rot: first hazardous distinguish bamboo chip is gently scraped once, then it is dry to add the painting of loess furnishing pasty state with carbendazim 200 times of liquid that mass percent concentration is 50%, or be coated with dry with the bordeaux mixture of 1%, be used in conjunction 3 times;
(3) chafer: field planting 4 ~ June then, when finding to cause harm, spray with chlorophos 800 times of liquid or decis 1000 times of liquid at night, 3 ~ 4 days 1 time, interval, is used in conjunction 2 times;
(4) heap sand moth moth: field planting 4 ~ June then, when finding to cause harm, sprays Rogor 800 times of liquid or 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 2500 times of liquid to trunk, and interval once uses for continuous 2 times for 7 days; In annual winter, tree fork there is heap sand shape thing, finds insect population according to heap sand shape thing, inject insect population, again with soil sealing insect population with 100 times of chlorophos liquids.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) adopt method of the present invention, the 2nd year after building garden starts to adopt fringe, the 3rd year per mu yield fringe bud more than 400,000, and the 4th year per mu yield fringe bud more than 780,000, exceedes more than 1 times of similar cutting orchard.Oil tea breeding cutting orchard area 5 mu of the present invention, 2015 annual per mu yield fringe buds 780,000, total product fringe bud 3,900,000.
(2) the present invention is done by Rational Determination, prunes, trains the means such as rudiment, short vigorous branches bud (fringe bud) sprouting, can cultivate a large amount of sturdy fringe buds.
(3) large scale cultivating oil tea breeding fringe bud of the present invention sets up the significant problem being badly in need of solving in oil tea base on a large scale.
Embodiment
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
A kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, comprises the steps:
(1) ground, garden is set up
1A. selection of seedling: soft No. 2 of the oil tea breeding Cen selecting country to assert, the annual nutrition cup grafting of soft No. 3 of Cen are as nursery stock, and height of seedling 25 ~ 30cm, leading thread 0.25 ~ 0.35cm, seedling growth is normal, without damage by disease and insect.
Ground, 1B. garden is selected: ground, garden is selected in Gao Ze village, Cui local, Guangxi Xing'an County, in the oil tea cultivation demonstration field of Hui Feng oil tea development company of Xingan, garden ground area 5.0 mu, height above sea level 225.0m, slope aspect be southwest to, the gradient 15 ~ 20 °, the dark 1.3m of soil layer, the soil is porous, soil pH value 4.5 ~ 5.5, red soil, the main vegetation on ground, garden has: Asiatic plantain (PlantagoasiaticaL.), bitter fleabane (ErigeronacerL.), bidens pilosa (BidenspilosaL.), green foxtail (Setariaviridis (L.) Beauv.), Chinese sumac (RhuschinensisMill.), polygonum perfoliatum (PolygonumperfoliatumL.), Rubus corchorifolius (RubuscorchorifoliusL.f.), shepherd's purse (Capsellabursa-pastoris), ramie (Boehmerianivea (L.) Gaudich.), Pteris multifida (Pterismultifida).
1C. is wholely: step 1B gained garden is carried out the 1st time and entirely cultivated building garden November of first 1 year, break up the clods, dig dark 25cm, remove the stone of foreign material and native interior diameter >=5cm, with raking garden, after winterization, carry out the 2nd time January then and entirely cultivate building garden, build garden early March then, adopt lime line to carry out point furrow, the wide 0.35m of furrow face width 1.0m, pavement, the dark 12cm of pavement, field planting point is determined by 0.45m × 0.45m, dig at field planting point the field planting hole that specification is 12cm × 12cm × 12cm, in each field planting hole, side dressing puts base manure 1.0kg, and mixes thoroughly with soil.
1D. field planting: carry out field planting building garden late March then, before field planting, first step 1A gained nursery stock is transported in ground, garden, put according to plantation one strain of each field planting hole, first the plastic nutritional cup of nutrition cup grafting is deviate from during field planting, then the Nutrition Soil in nutrition cup is put into step 1C gained field planting hole together with grafting, righting nursery stock, by step 1C the base manure mixed thoroughly of handy soil insert in field planting hole, plant while soil is returned in compacting, last lid layer loosens the soil, base portion is made to form the tree dish of turtleback shape, the grafting mouth of planting stock is above the native face of base portion, normal root water 1.0kg is drenched in the complete rear every strain of field planting.
(2) ground, garden management
2A. fosters weeding: foster the first tenday period of a month in May then in field planting, and in fine day hoe pine tree dish soil, loosen the soil 5 ~ 7cm, weeds dried 2 ~ 3 days, then covers on tree dish; In early August and early November, more once foster respectively, method is identical with fostering of the first tenday period of a month in May; Annual early April after 2nd year, early August, early November, carry out full garden respectively and foster weeding;
2B. applies fertilizer
Topdress: field planting the first tenday period of a month in May then, every seedlings executes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid 0.8 ~ 1.0kg that mass percent concentration is 0.3%; Field planting late June then, execute to every mu of garden compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10 ~ 12kg, loosen the soil after broadcast application 4 ~ 5cm; Field planting early August then, it is 0.4% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid 1.0 ~ 1.2kg or the fertile 12kg of ground, rainy day every mu garden applying granular that mass percent concentration is executed in every strain;
Heavy fertile: after field planting, at trench digging Shi Chongfei of annual early December, dressing furrow is excavation in the middle of the spacing in the rows of planting stock, and the degree of depth is 10cm, and described heavy fertilizer is granular potassium sulfate composite fertilizer, every mu of garden ground fertilising 15kg;
2C. prunes: after field planting, the 50 ~ 55cm place more than trunk ground to top, to 60 ~ 70cm, is blocked by the trunk grow of plant undetermined, forms the first master branch; The young sprout of the first master branch grows to 8 ~ 10cm and carries out disconnected top, forms the second master branch; Second master branch growth to 10 ~ 15cm carries out disconnected top, forms the 3rd master branch; The disconnected top of 3rd master branch growth to 30 ~ 35cm, forms the skeleton branch that fringe bud is sprouted.
2D. prevention waterlogging, drought resisting
Prevention waterlogging: in surrounding excavation drain ditch, ground, garden after field planting, furrow width 50cm, dark 40 ~ 60cm, the low-lying place in garden opens little ditch water discharge, and is connected with the drain ditch of surrounding, is discharged by the ponding in garden;
Drought resisting: the water spray water bag straightening footpath 4cm after field planting along furrow face, every 2 furrow configure a water bag, spray water during weather arid in afternoon 4 time.
The 2E. extermination of disease and insect pest
(1) Oil Tea Anthracnose: field planting 5 ~ July then, spraying a mass percent concentration every 10 days is 50% carbendazim or tpn 500 times of liquid, above-mentioned two kinds of medicaments respectively interval use, the annual mid-May of field planting Second Year to the 5th year, after the spring tip enters semi-lignified, spray the bordeaux mixture that mass percent concentration is 0.7%;
(2) oil tea stem rot: first hazardous distinguish bamboo chip is gently scraped once, then it is dry to add the painting of loess furnishing pasty state with carbendazim 200 times of liquid that mass percent concentration is 50%, or be coated with dry with the bordeaux mixture of 1%, be used in conjunction 3 times;
(3) chafer: field planting 4 ~ June then, when finding to cause harm, at night with chlorophos 800 times of liquid or doubly liquid spray, 3 ~ 4 days 1 time, interval, is used in conjunction 2 times;
(4) heap sand moth moth: field planting 4 ~ June then, when finding to cause harm, sprays Rogor 800 times of liquid or 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 2500 times of liquid to trunk, and interval once uses for continuous 2 times for 7 days; In annual winter, tree fork there is heap sand shape thing, finds insect population according to heap sand shape thing, inject insect population, again with soil sealing insect population with 100 times of chlorophos liquids.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. an oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) ground, garden is set up
1A. selection of seedling: select the annual nutrition cup grafting of soft No. 2 of the oil tea breeding Cen of country's identification, soft No. 3 of Cen as nursery stock, height of seedling 25 ~ 30cm, leading thread 0.25 ~ 0.35cm, seedling growth is normal, without damage by disease and insect;
Ground, 1B. garden is selected: ground, the garden of selection slope aspect be southwest to ground, gentle slope, the dark 1.3m of soil layer, the soil is porous, soil pH value 4.5 ~ 5.5;
1C. is wholely: step 1B gained garden is carried out the 1st time and entirely cultivated building garden November of first 1 year, after winterization, carry out the 2nd time January then and entirely cultivate building garden, carry out point furrow building garden early March then, field planting point is determined by 0.45m × 0.45m, dig at field planting point the field planting hole that specification is 12cm × 12cm × 12cm, in each field planting hole, side dressing puts base manure 1.0kg, and mixes thoroughly with soil;
1D. field planting: carry out field planting building garden late March then, before field planting, first step 1A gained nursery stock is transported in ground, garden, put according to plantation one strain of each field planting hole, first the plastic nutritional cup of nutrition cup grafting is deviate from during field planting, then the Nutrition Soil in nutrition cup is put into step 1C gained field planting hole together with grafting, righting nursery stock, by step 1C the base manure mixed thoroughly of handy soil insert in field planting hole, plant while soil is returned in compacting, last lid layer loosens the soil, base portion is made to form the tree dish of turtleback shape, the grafting mouth of planting stock is above the native face of base portion, normal root water 1.0kg is drenched in the complete rear every strain of field planting,
(2) ground, garden management
2A. fosters weeding: foster the first tenday period of a month in May then in field planting, and in fine day hoe pine tree dish soil, loosen the soil 5 ~ 7cm, weeds dried 2 ~ 3 days, then covers on tree dish; In early August and early November, more once foster respectively, method is identical with fostering of the first tenday period of a month in May; Annual early April after 2nd year, early August, early November, carry out full garden respectively and foster weeding;
2B. applies fertilizer
Topdress: field planting the first tenday period of a month in May then, every seedlings executes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid 0.8 ~ 1.0kg that mass percent concentration is 0.3%; Field planting late June then, execute to every mu of garden compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 10 ~ 12kg, loosen the soil after broadcast application 4 ~ 5cm; Field planting early August then, it is 0.4% compound potassium sulfate fertilizer liquid 1.0 ~ 1.2kg or the fertile 12kg of ground, rainy day every mu garden applying granular that mass percent concentration is executed in every strain;
Heavy fertile: after field planting, at trench digging Shi Chongfei of annual early December, described heavy fertilizer is granular potassium sulfate composite fertilizer, every mu of garden ground fertilising 15kg;
2C. prunes: after field planting, the 50 ~ 55cm place more than trunk ground to top, to 60 ~ 70cm, is blocked by the trunk grow of plant undetermined, forms the first master branch; The young sprout of the first master branch grows to 8 ~ 10cm and carries out disconnected top, forms the second master branch; Second master branch growth to 10 ~ 15cm carries out disconnected top, forms the 3rd master branch; The disconnected top of 3rd master branch growth to 30 ~ 35cm, forms the skeleton branch that fringe bud is sprouted;
2D. prevention waterlogging, drought resisting;
The 2E. extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, entirely cultivate described in step 1C as breaking up the clods, dig dark 25cm, remove the stone of foreign material and native interior diameter >=5cm, with raking garden, described point of furrow adopt lime line, the wide 0.35m of furrow face width 1.0m, pavement, the dark 12cm of pavement.
3. a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is excavation in the middle of the spacing in the rows of planting stock that trench digging described in step 2B executes heavy fertile dressing furrow, and the degree of depth is 10cm.
4. a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, prevent waterlogging described in step 2D, for excavating drain ditch in ground, garden surrounding after field planting, furrow width 50cm, dark 40 ~ 60cm, the low-lying place in garden opens little ditch water discharge, and be connected with the drain ditch of surrounding, the ponding in garden is discharged; Described drought resisting, for straightening the water spray water bag of footpath 4cm after field planting along furrow face, every 2 furrow configure a water bag, spray water during weather arid in afternoon 4 time.
5. a kind of oil tea breeding cutting orchard early high yield cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, the extermination of disease and insect pest described in step 2E, is specially:
(1) Oil Tea Anthracnose: field planting 5 ~ July then, spraying a mass percent concentration every 10 days is 50% carbendazim or tpn 500 times of liquid, above-mentioned two kinds of medicaments respectively interval use, the annual mid-May of field planting Second Year to the 5th year, after the spring tip enters semi-lignified, spray the bordeaux mixture that mass percent concentration is 0.7%;
(2) oil tea stem rot: first hazardous distinguish bamboo chip is gently scraped once, then it is dry to add the painting of loess furnishing pasty state with carbendazim 200 times of liquid that mass percent concentration is 50%, or be coated with dry with the bordeaux mixture of 1%, be used in conjunction 3 times;
(3) chafer: field planting 4 ~ June then, when finding to cause harm, spray with chlorophos 800 times of liquid or decis 1000 times of liquid at night, 3 ~ 4 days 1 time, interval, is used in conjunction 2 times;
(4) heap sand moth moth: field planting 4 ~ June then, when finding to cause harm, sprays Rogor 800 times of liquid or 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil, 2500 times of liquid to trunk, and interval once uses for continuous 2 times for 7 days; In annual winter, tree fork there is heap sand shape thing, finds insect population according to heap sand shape thing, inject insect population, again with soil sealing insect population with 100 times of chlorophos liquids.
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| CN106069489A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 枞阳县金社乡云岭油茶种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of Oleum Camelliae high yield cultivating method |
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| CN106258723A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 陶灵娥 | A kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method |
| CN110012772A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of construction method of the ginkgo ecological forest |
| CN110012771A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of method of Camellia nitidissima early high yield cultivation |
| CN110012740A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting |
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| CN110012771A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of method of Camellia nitidissima early high yield cultivation |
| CN110012740A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting |
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