CN103749231A - High-yield pear cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield pear cultivation method, comprising the following steps: building a garden plot, including selecting the garden plot, wherein the soil for cultivating crystal pears should be deep in thickness, fertile in property and rich in organic matters, and sandy soil or loam are the best cultivating soil; planting, including collecting and treating pear seedlings, wherein one-year-old strong seedlings are adopted as female parents for planting, the diameters are 0.6-1.0cm, the heights of the aboveground seedlings are 60-100cm, underground lateral roots are more than six, and the length of single root is 15-20cm, and pruning; strictly controlling the growth vigor and heights of second and third layers of boughs of a central trunk to prevent upper part being stronger; clipping the crowns of saplings to be round, clipping audit trees to be oblate, avoiding being broom-shaped; managing flowers and fruits, including pollination, wherein the pyrus pyrifolia nakai cv suisho is pollinated at the primary period of blooming; post-harvest management, including fertilizing at 2-3 days after harvest, wherein the fertilizing amount is determined according to tree age, tree vigor and yield in current year, the fertilizer mainly includes quick acting fertilizers, and 800-time liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl and 2000-time liquid of 10% imidacloprid are selected to combine with 0.2%% monopotassium phosphate and 0.3%-0.5% urea for spraying so as to prevent and control diseases and pests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, particularly a kind of pear tree high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Pear tree is rose family pear, perennial deciduous fruit tree, arbor.In the whole world, have widely and distribute.Deciduous fruit tree, approximately there are 35 initial specieses in the whole world, and wild Europe, the Asia and African of being distributed in is divided into east pears, the large class of European pear two in classification.Approximately 14 kinds of the east primary China of pears, have cultivation as far back as the Zhou Dynasty, and wild species is called " Li ", being called of artificial planting " pears ".China's cultivation history is long, the not lower over thousands of kind of cultivar.European pear originates in Europe, and only European pear is a kind of for basic initial species.Pear tree has a characteristic, i.e. the different kind of most kinds pollination could be got bumper crops, so orchard must plant the different kind pears of several strains as pollinizers, and be abounding with the phase of pears annual 7 to October.
In prior art document, it is many that research apple tree is pruned and manages, but study the but phoenix feathers and unicorn horns of pear tree.Apple, pear tree pruning have many similarities, but also have some obvious differences.Only have these difference of grasp, pear tree could be sheared.The one, pear tree dryness is strong; The 2nd, pear tree major branch angle is less than normal; The 3rd, the growth of pear tree tip leaf concentrates on spring, and summer pruning amount is fewer than apple; The 4th, pear tree becomes to set into colored rate age higher, and many fruit spurs group; The 5th, the pear tree kryptoblast life-span is long.
Summary of the invention
A pear tree high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
Build garden: field is selected: the soil layer of cultivation crystal pears is deep, and soil property is fertile, is rich in organic matter, take sandy loam or loam as best cultivating soil, preferably will have certain filling row ability, physical features is smooth, avoids in ridge, the cultivation of place, air port;
Field planting: before seedling planting, first by seeding row spacing 2m * 3m, determine planting point, then centered by planting point, dig length and width, be deeply the planting hole of 80cm, cave soil is placed respectively by table soil and cubsoil, and often spread manuer in holes farmyard manure 20kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.8kg, when banket, first table soil is filled out around root system, while banketing, gently carry nursery stock, root soil is connected airtight, finally cubsoil is filled out to the upper strata in cave, after having peace of mind, water permeable; Planting technique: cheat dark 80 centimetres, wide 100 centimetres, put one deck stalk and weeds in hole, become thoroughly decomposed 5000 kilograms of farmyard manures of every mu of use, add the diammonium phosphate of 25 ~ 50 kilograms;
Rich water quality management: autumn, base manure finished at the end of of 10 months before, every 667 m in conjunction with ploughing deeply the basal dressing of improving the soil
2execute farmyard manure 3000 ~ 4000kg, in conjunction with executing people's ferrous sulfate 25kg, zinc sulphate 25kg, borax 5kg, topdress and within 1 year, carry out 4 times, be respectively period: before rudiment, spend after and fruit expanding period and vegetative storage phase before flower bud differentiation, with the density of every mu of 100~120 strains by after the capable field planting of the short anvil width of seedling shoot of pear tree;
Pruning: the growth potential of strict control centre trunk second and the 3rd layer of major branch and height, prevent strong; Should prune treelet tree crown for circular, be trimmed to and set as oblate age, avoid into broom-shaped; During to the shaping of pear tree treelet, the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle, emphasis is cultivated ground floor major branch; All kinds of branches of renovation and utilization; Sparse branching not as far as possible; The four seasons all can prune, and emphasis concentrates on and prunes the pear tree tip leaf spring; While pruning in the winter time, coordinate flower and fruit thinning; Note retraction limb and a branch group, tree-likely take the happy shape of two major branches, spindle as main, in evenly cultivate 10 ~ 15 major branches on dry, angle pulls into 60 ° of left and right, stretches, regardless of level to surrounding, evenly plug hole is arranged, and take middle sprig group as main, does not substantially stay bough group;
Flower and fruit management: pollination: spend initial stage pollination in the Sheng of suisho pear, within blooming 3 days, petal is bright and beautiful, column cap newly rarely has the liquid of turning over secretion, and there is a still uncracked ray flower of part flower pesticide, carry out artificial pollination, powder has been awarded in whole garden in 2 ~ 3 days, and the florescence artificial pollination of crystal pears be take point on people one and awarded as main, is aided with that pouch is loose to be awarded; Dredge flower bud, flower thinning and fruit thinning: dredge flower bud before blooming appears in bud, according to definite Fruit quantity, 3 ~ 4 buds of selecting and remain on every inflorescence; Flower thinning spacing is stayed a flower with 10 centimetres, and every flower stays two ray flowers, within after spending two weeks, starts fruit thinning; Fruit thinning starts in l week thanking after spending, and stays fruit spacing to stay a fruit to be advisable with 20 centimetres; Fruit bagging: fruit bagging can effectively improve crystal pears quality, particularly exterior quality, carries out bagging 2 times, i.e. young fruit period cover individual layer pouch is contained and spent latter 2 months fruit development mid-terms, changes the double-deck sack of cover, absorption insecticidal bactericide in spray once before bagging;
Adopt rear management: adopt rear 2-3 d and apply and adopt rear fertilizer, fertilizing amount is determined according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r and when annual production, take quick action fertilizer as main, select 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl, 2 000 times of liquid of 10% Imidacloprid to spray fertilizer and diseases and pests controlling in conjunction with 0.2%% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea.
Embodiment
A crystal pears high-yield cultivating method, it comprises the following steps:
Build garden: field is selected: the soil layer of cultivation crystal pears is deep, and soil property is fertile, is rich in organic matter, take sandy loam or loam as best cultivating soil, preferably will have certain filling row ability, physical features is smooth, avoids in ridge, the cultivation of place, air port; Field planting: before seedling planting, first by seeding row spacing 2m * 3m, determine planting point, then centered by planting point, dig length and width, be deeply the planting hole of 80cm, cave soil is placed respectively by table soil and cubsoil, and often spread manuer in holes farmyard manure 20kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.8kg, when banket, first table soil is filled out around root system, while banketing, gently carry nursery stock, root soil is connected airtight, finally cubsoil is filled out to the upper strata in cave, after having peace of mind, water permeable; Planting technique: cheat dark 80 centimetres, wide 100 centimetres, put one deck stalk and weeds in hole, become thoroughly decomposed 5000 kilograms of farmyard manures of every mu of use, add the diammonium phosphate of 25 ~ 50 kilograms;
Field planting: pears seedling sampling and processing: adopt 1 year raw strong sprout maternal as field planting, rugosity is 0.6-1.0cm, acrial part height of seedling 60-100cm, under ground portion lateral root is more than 6, joint length 15-20cm, is placed on the root in strong sprout in root-growing agent and soaks, and soak time is 1-3min; Planting pit dish arranges: the length of planting pit dish, width and the degree of depth are identical, are 80-100cm, and in planting pit dish, being provided with thickness is the field planting matrix of 12-15cm; In planting pit dish, banket to equal with earth's surface, then the field planting female parent of handling well is inserted in described planting pit dish, strain spacing is 1-2m, the lateral root of the maternal under ground portion of described field planting has the gap of 2-3cm bottom with field planting matrix, then through earthing, pour water, complete field planting after earthing, and every 3~5d of initial stage pours water 1 time after field planting, then Controlled irrigation amount also extends and pours water interval time gradually gradually;
Rich water quality management: autumn, base manure finished at the end of of 10 months before, every 667 m in conjunction with ploughing deeply the basal dressing of improving the soil
2execute farmyard manure 3000 ~ 4000kg, in conjunction with executing people's ferrous sulfate 25kg, zinc sulphate 25kg, borax 5kg, topdresses and within 1 year, carries out 4 times, be respectively period: before rudiment, spend after and flower bud differentiation before fruit expanding period and vegetative storage phase, with the density of every mu of 100~120 strains, by after the capable field planting of the short anvil width of seedling shoot of pear tree, its maintenance is comprised to following content: basal dressing early, basal dressing early after fruit picking, the ditch spread of treelet ring-type, large tree adopts full garden to spread fertilizer over the fields; After fruit picking, spray in time 0.5% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests, according to insect pest situation, for every first quarter moon, No. 3 1000 times of liquid of young urea that go out, 2000 times of liquid sprayings of Avermectin are once; Plough deeply weeding, in conjunction with the full garden of base manure, turn over, and remove weeds in garden, sick branch leaf, sick wormed fruit;
Pruning: the growth potential of strict control centre trunk second and the 3rd layer of major branch and height, prevent strong; Should prune treelet tree crown for circular, be trimmed to and set as oblate age, avoid into broom-shaped; During to the shaping of pear tree treelet, the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle, emphasis is cultivated ground floor major branch; All kinds of branches of renovation and utilization; Sparse branching not as far as possible; The four seasons all can prune, and emphasis concentrates on and prunes the pear tree tip leaf spring; While pruning in the winter time, coordinate flower and fruit thinning; Note retraction limb and a branch group, tree-likely take the happy shape of two major branches, spindle as main, in evenly cultivate 10 ~ 15 major branches on dry, angle pulls into 60 ° of left and right, stretches, regardless of level to surrounding, evenly plug hole is arranged, and take middle sprig group as main, does not substantially stay bough group;
Flower and fruit management: pollination: spend initial stage pollination in the Sheng of suisho pear, within blooming 3 days, petal is bright and beautiful, column cap newly rarely has the liquid of turning over secretion, and there is a still uncracked ray flower of part flower pesticide, carry out artificial pollination, powder has been awarded in whole garden in 2 ~ 3 days, and the florescence artificial pollination of crystal pears be take point on people one and awarded as main, is aided with that pouch is loose to be awarded; Dredge flower bud, flower thinning and fruit thinning: dredge flower bud before blooming appears in bud, according to definite Fruit quantity, 3 ~ 4 buds of selecting and remain on every inflorescence; Flower thinning spacing is stayed a flower with 10 centimetres, and every flower stays two ray flowers, within after spending two weeks, starts fruit thinning; Fruit thinning starts in l week thanking after spending, and stays fruit spacing to stay a fruit to be advisable with 20 centimetres; Fruit bagging: fruit bagging can effectively improve crystal pears quality, particularly exterior quality, carries out bagging 2 times, i.e. young fruit period cover individual layer pouch is contained and spent latter 2 months fruit development mid-terms, changes the double-deck sack of cover, absorption insecticidal bactericide in spray once before bagging;
Adopt rear management: adopt rear 2-3 d and apply and adopt rear fertilizer, fertilizing amount is determined according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r and when annual production, take quick action fertilizer as main, select 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl, 2 000 times of liquid of 10% Imidacloprid to spray fertilizer and diseases and pests controlling in conjunction with 0.2%% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention done to any pro forma restriction; The those of ordinary skill of all industry all can by specification described in and implement swimmingly the present invention; But all those skilled in the art are not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, can utilize disclosed above technology contents and a little change, the modification of making and the equivalent variations developing, be equivalent embodiment of the present invention; Meanwhile, the change of any equivalent variations that all foundations essence technology of the present invention is done above embodiment, modification and differentiation etc., within all still belonging to the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a pears high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Build garden: field is selected: the soil layer of cultivation crystal pears is deep, and soil property is fertile, is rich in organic matter, take sandy loam or loam as best cultivating soil, preferably will have certain filling row ability, physical features is smooth, avoids in ridge, the cultivation of place, air port; Field planting: before seedling planting, first by seeding row spacing 2m * 3m, determine planting point, then centered by planting point, dig length and width, be deeply the planting hole of 80cm, cave soil is placed respectively by table soil and cubsoil, and often spread manuer in holes farmyard manure 20kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 0.8kg, when banket, first table soil is filled out around root system, while banketing, gently carry nursery stock, root soil is connected airtight, finally cubsoil is filled out to the upper strata in cave, after having peace of mind, water permeable; Planting technique: cheat dark 80 centimetres, wide 100 centimetres, put one deck stalk and weeds in hole, become thoroughly decomposed 5000 kilograms of farmyard manures of every mu of use, add the diammonium phosphate of 25 ~ 50 kilograms;
Field planting: pears seedling sampling and processing: adopt 1 year raw strong sprout maternal as field planting, rugosity is 0.6-1.0cm, acrial part height of seedling 60-100cm, under ground portion lateral root is more than 6, joint length 15-20cm, is placed on the root in strong sprout in root-growing agent and soaks, and soak time is 1-3min; Planting pit dish arranges: the length of planting pit dish, width and the degree of depth are identical, are 80-100cm, and in planting pit dish, being provided with thickness is the field planting matrix of 12-15cm; In planting pit dish, banket to equal with earth's surface, then the field planting female parent of handling well is inserted in described planting pit dish, strain spacing is 1-2m, the lateral root of the maternal under ground portion of described field planting has the gap of 2-3cm bottom with field planting matrix, then through earthing, pour water, complete field planting after earthing, and every 3~5d of initial stage pours water 1 time after field planting, then Controlled irrigation amount also extends and pours water interval time gradually gradually;
Rich water quality management: autumn, base manure finished at the end of of 10 months before, every 667 m in conjunction with ploughing deeply the basal dressing of improving the soil
2execute farmyard manure 3000 ~ 4000kg, in conjunction with executing people's ferrous sulfate 25kg, zinc sulphate 25kg, borax 5kg, topdresses and within 1 year, carries out 4 times, be respectively period: before rudiment, spend after and flower bud differentiation before fruit expanding period and vegetative storage phase, with the density of every mu of 100~120 strains, by after the capable field planting of the short anvil width of seedling shoot of pear tree, its maintenance is comprised to following content: basal dressing early, basal dressing early after fruit picking, the ditch spread of treelet ring-type, large tree adopts full garden to spread fertilizer over the fields; After fruit picking, spray in time 0.5% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Prevention and elimination of disease and pests, according to insect pest situation, for every first quarter moon, No. 3 1000 times of liquid of young urea that go out, 2000 times of liquid sprayings of Avermectin are once; Plough deeply weeding, in conjunction with the full garden of base manure, turn over, and remove weeds in garden, sick branch leaf, sick wormed fruit;
Pruning: the growth potential of strict control centre trunk second and the 3rd layer of major branch and height, prevent strong; Should prune treelet tree crown for circular, be trimmed to and set as oblate age, avoid into broom-shaped; During to the shaping of pear tree treelet, the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle, emphasis is cultivated ground floor major branch; All kinds of branches of renovation and utilization; Sparse branching not as far as possible; The four seasons all can prune, and emphasis concentrates on and prunes the pear tree tip leaf spring; While pruning in the winter time, coordinate flower and fruit thinning; Note retraction limb and a branch group, tree-likely take the happy shape of two major branches, spindle as main, in evenly cultivate 10 ~ 15 major branches on dry, angle pulls into 60 ° of left and right, stretches, regardless of level to surrounding, evenly plug hole is arranged, and take middle sprig group as main, does not substantially stay bough group;
Flower and fruit management: pollination: spend initial stage pollination in the Sheng of suisho pear, within blooming 3 days, petal is bright and beautiful, column cap newly rarely has the liquid of turning over secretion, and there is a still uncracked ray flower of part flower pesticide, carry out artificial pollination, powder has been awarded in whole garden in 2 ~ 3 days, and the florescence artificial pollination of crystal pears be take point on people one and awarded as main, is aided with that pouch is loose to be awarded; Dredge flower bud, flower thinning and fruit thinning: dredge flower bud before blooming appears in bud, according to definite Fruit quantity, 3 ~ 4 buds of selecting and remain on every inflorescence; Flower thinning spacing is stayed a flower with 10 centimetres, and every flower stays two ray flowers, within after spending two weeks, starts fruit thinning; Fruit thinning starts in l week thanking after spending, and stays fruit spacing to stay a fruit to be advisable with 20 centimetres; Fruit bagging: fruit bagging can effectively improve crystal pears quality, particularly exterior quality, carries out bagging 2 times, i.e. young fruit period cover individual layer pouch is contained and spent latter 2 months fruit development mid-terms, changes the double-deck sack of cover, absorption insecticidal bactericide in spray once before bagging;
Adopt rear management: adopt rear 2-3 d and apply and adopt rear fertilizer, fertilizing amount is determined according to the age of tree, tree vigo(u)r and when annual production, take quick action fertilizer as main, select 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl, 2 000 times of liquid of 10% Imidacloprid to spray fertilizer and diseases and pests controlling in conjunction with 0.2%% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea.
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