CN105284535A - Cuttage planting method for cephalotaxus fortunei - Google Patents

Cuttage planting method for cephalotaxus fortunei Download PDF

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CN105284535A
CN105284535A CN201510747473.2A CN201510747473A CN105284535A CN 105284535 A CN105284535 A CN 105284535A CN 201510747473 A CN201510747473 A CN 201510747473A CN 105284535 A CN105284535 A CN 105284535A
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cuttage
fertilizer
year
days
cave
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CN105284535B (en
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汤华钊
陈良
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Guizhou Tianhao National Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Guizhou Tianhao National Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cuttage planting method for cephalotaxus fortunei. The cuttage planting method comprises the following steps: (1) land selecting; (2) preparation of a cuttage bed; (3) preparation before cuttage; (4) cuttage and management after cuttage; (5) outplanting; (6) preparation of a forest land; (7) soil preparation and cave digging; (8) base fertilizer applying; (9) transplantation; (10) management of young trees; (11) management of trees; (12) forest establishment management; (13) prevention and treatment of pests; and (14) top dressing. Through a cephalotaxus fortunei no-tillage close planting technology, cephalotaxus fortunei accurate fertilization, careful management and normalized planting, compared with the prior art, an established high-efficiency artificial cultivation technology for cephalotaxus fortunei has features that survival rate of seedlings is increased and is above 75%-80%, and the yield of the cephalotaxus fortunei is improved correspondingly. The cuttage planting method for cephalotaxus fortunei has the advantages of labor saving, land saving, easiness and convenience, short seedling growing period and the like; quick forest establishment of the cephalotaxus fortunei is facilitated; and the method is suitable to be popularized and used.

Description

The cuttage implantation methods of a kind of cepehalotaxus fortunei
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of medicinal trees, be specifically related to the cuttage implantation methods of a kind of cepehalotaxus fortunei.
Background technology
Cepehalotaxus fortunei is the peculiar naked sub-second class protection plant of China, is important medicine source plant resource and high-quality wood raw material.Its leaf, branch, the harringtonine that seed and root etc. extract and homoharringtonine, acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma can be treated, melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer and brain tumor etc., simultaneously its dense materials, excellent, flexible, texture is careful attractive in appearance, solid durable, can aviation, noble furniture, instrument chamber, ornament, engraving etc. be supplied, medical value and economic worth high.
At field of medicaments, mainly from cepehalotaxus fortunei, extract harringtonine, homoharringtonine, and ester alkali compound body content is 0.25 ~ 0.48%, be mainly used in treatment acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma, also be used for the treatment of melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer and brain tumor etc. simultaneously, treat with adriamycin medicine coupling that breast cancer is efficient reaches 94%.At present, the price of international market is about 16 ~ 350,000 dollars/kg, and therefore, the market development potential of cepehalotaxus fortunei is huge, and development prospect is wide.
Because cepehalotaxus fortunei does not also have the culture technique of a set of maturation at present, output is extremely unstable also, therefore how to develop the cuttage implantation methods of the cepehalotaxus fortunei of a set of maturation, improves the output of cepehalotaxus fortunei, has become a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The invention is intended to the implantation methods that a kind of maturation is provided, to improve the output of cepehalotaxus fortunei.
The cuttage implantation methods of a kind of cepehalotaxus fortunei in this programme, its concrete steps are:
1) selection of land: select height above sea level in 800 ~ 1300m, PH5.5 ~ 6.0, physical features be mild, short texture, vacant lot containing the many farmland of humus or middle and lower part, hillside;
2) preparation of slotting machine: a, whole: in advance wholely, plough deeply 30 ~ 50cm, remove tree root and weeds, make high 15 ~ 20cm, the seedling furrow of wide 1.2 ~ 1.5m; B, basal dressing: execute the base manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that 1 ~ 3cm is thick are the river sand of 1 ~ 2mm in the granularity of seedling furrow upper berth one deck 3 ~ 5cm; C, to disinfect: with 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium permanganate or formalin solution, slotting machine is sprayed before cuttage; Basal dressing behind whole ground, is being aided with sterilization, is avoiding the interference of the microorganisms such as bacterium, for increasing the quick growth of cepehalotaxus fortunei nursery stock.
3) preparation before cuttage: a, cut fringe: carry out February to mid-March, select the age of tree to be greater than the cepehalotaxus fortunei of 5 years as elite stand, select the lifes in 1 year ~ 3 years on elite stand, the lignified branch of thick 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, be cut into the fringe bar of long 8 ~ 12cm; B, preservation: fringe bar notes moisturizing, and shading is preserved, the time is no more than 5 days; C, process: before cuttage, cuttings base portion is immersed in 1 ~ 2h in 0.01 ~ 0.15% carbendazim solution, it is for subsequent use that root-inducing powder is dipped in taking-up; The selection criteria of cuttage nursery stock is high, robust plant, timely cuttage, secondary sterilization sterilization, reduces the occurrence probability of disease and improves the survival rate of plant.
4) cuttage and management after inserting: according to seeding row spacing 6cm × 8cm or 8cm × 10cm, cuttings buries 1/2 ~ 3/4, waters permeable, water one time of nutrition liquid afterwards every 5 days after inserting; Cuttage seeding is topdressed with 0.5 ~ 1% urea after taking root, every 20 days once; The potassium sulphate fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.05 ~ 0.1% 1 ~ 2 time, executed concentration 1 ~ 1.5%, N July, P, K ratio was 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times in conjunction with PCO June;
5) outplanting: late Febuary ~ early April, select 1 year or life in 2 years, high more than 30cm, more than diameter 0.4cm, branch 2 take turns above nursery stock, carry out lifting at cloudy day or dusk;
6) forest land prepares: select height above sea level 600 ~ 2100m, the gradient less than 30 °, sunny, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, fertile, loose, well-drained waste mountain waste, and grass is split in deserted mountain comprehensively, entirely cultivates along contour band shape;
7) dig cave: in band, dig bright cave by seeding row spacing wholely, return table soil, seeding row spacing 25 ~ 60cm, planting density 2500 ~ 3500 strains/hm 2;
8) basal dressing: often spread manuer in holes fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g or with the ratio mixing after fermentation 15 ~ 20 days in 6:1 of farmyard manure and superphosphate, often spread manuer in holes 1 ~ 2kg, fully mixes thoroughly with subsoil;
9) transplant: nursery stock is uprightly put into cave, blinding of planting, to the upper 5 ~ 8cm in foundation place, is noticed that root system is unfolded when planting seedling, lower urgent, upper cover is loosened the soil;
10) young growth management: a, afforestation survive latter 1 month ~ 2 months nitrogen fertilizer applications or fertilizer once; After b, afforestation in 6 ~ 9 months, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times, in 8 months first times, fertilizing amount 25 ~ 50g/ strain in the last ten-days period, upper, fertilizing amount 50 ~ 100g/ strain in the middle ten days in second time November, earthing after fertilising; Within 2nd year ~ 3 years, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times after c, afforestation, fertilizing amount is 50 ~ 100g/ strain for the first time, and second time fertilizing amount is 100 ~ 200g/ strain;
11) body management is set: within the then with 2nd year, mend pocket, pruning and the shaping of tree body afforestation;
12) to grow into forest management: after afforestation the 4th year ~ 6 years, carry out the weeding fertilising of expansion cave every year, by expanding cave year by year, cave is linked to be band, annual July ~ August potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is mixed with organic commercial fertilizer or nitrogenous fertilizer and use, fertilizing amount: 100 ~ 150g/ strain after composite fertilizer mixes with organic commercial fertilizer 1:1,50 ~ 100g/ strain after composite fertilizer mixes with nitrogenous fertilizer 1:1; Expand cave after gathering annual November to foster, and execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, fertilizing amount: 100 ~ 200g/ strain;
13) PCO: carry out Harmful monitoring and surveying, taking biological control to be master, physical control and chemical control is auxiliary aggregate measures, carries out preventing or non-environmental pollution control measure, first 45 days forbidding chemical pesticides of gathering;
14) top dressing: in conjunction with Harmful control, early August ~ early September carries out top dressing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present inventor is according to the growth characteristics of cepehalotaxus fortunei, by the no-tillage dense planting technology of cepehalotaxus fortunei, the operation of cepehalotaxus fortunei Tree Precise Fertilization, formulate young growth and the different way to manage of growing into forest, meticulous management and normalized plantation, the high-efficiency artificial culture technique of the cepehalotaxus fortunei of setting up, compare prior art, the survival rate of nursery stock improves, survival rate is more than 75 ~ 80%, the output of corresponding cepehalotaxus fortunei increases, there is saving of labor and economize ground, simple and easy to do, the advantages such as growing-seedling period is short, be conducive to cepehalotaxus fortunei to grow into forest fast, be applicable to applying.
Preferably, female parent selection height above sea level is the wild cepehalotaxus fortunei of 1300 ~ 2100m, and along with the rising of height above sea level, illumination is grow gradually, and temperature declines gradually, and the growing environment of plant also becomes severe thereupon; High aititude plant grow at severe gold for a long time, therefore can very fast adaptation grow in the environment at low altitude area, the plant of low altitude area then can not, in order to make the survival rate of cuttage seeding high, female parent selection height above sea level is the wild cepehalotaxus fortunei of 1300 ~ 2100m.
Further preferred, transplant and avoid strong illumination and hardening of cutting off the water in advance, be consider based on survival rate, cut off the water before being specially transplanting 3 ~ 5 days, before nursery stock transplanting, avoid strong illumination, transplanting time between the lights 5 time after or morning 10 time before.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1: the cuttage implantation methods of a kind of cepehalotaxus fortunei, concrete steps are:
1) selection of land: select to have a good transport service, irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, fertility good, and height above sea level is 5.5 at 800m, PH, physical features is mild, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, short texture, containing the many farmlands of humus.
2) preparation of slotting machine: a, whole: in advance wholely, use small-sized rotary tiller to plough deeply 30cm, and remove tree root and weeds, make high 15cm, the seedling furrow of wide 1.2m, b, basal dressing: execute the base manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that 1cm is thick are 1mm river sand in the granularity of seedling furrow upper berth one deck 3cm; C, to disinfect: with 0.2% potassium permanganate, slotting machine is sprayed before cuttage.
3) preparation before cuttage: a, fringe is cut: carry out February to mid-March, the age of tree is selected to be greater than 5 years, height above sea level the wild cepehalotaxus fortunei of 1300m as elite stand, select the lifes in 1 year ~ 3 years on elite stand, the lignified branch of thick 0.5 ~ 0.8cm as fringe bar, the general 8cm of length, every bar stays one " the top tip ", and all the other side shoots, blade are all wiped out, and is whittled into water chestnut angle as fringe bar end opening at minor matters place blade; B, preservation: fringe bar notes moisturizing, and shading is preserved, the time is no more than 5 days; C, process: before cuttage, cuttings base portion is immersed in 1h in 0.15% carbendazim solution, it is for subsequent use that root-inducing powder is dipped in taking-up.
4) cuttage and management after inserting: according to seeding row spacing 6cm × 8cm or 8cm × 10cm, cuttings buries 1/2, waters permeable, water one time of nutrition liquid afterwards every 5 days after inserting; Cuttage seeding is topdressed with 0.5% urea after taking root, every 20 days once; June in conjunction with PCO, the potassium sulphate fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.05% 1 time; Execute concentration 1%, N July, P, K ratio is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times; Remain that seedbed is moistening to seedling growth animated period after cuttage.
5) weeding, insect prevention: during weeding, accomplish " except early, except little, except ", grassy weed can in 1 ~ 3 leaf phase with " cover grass energy " weeding, or with plastic mulching seedbed to reduce weeds; , Imidacloprid, go out environment-friendly pesticides such as sweeping profit, dimehypo, efficient cyhalothrin fat clean with green Pepsi, aphid lice look pest a situation arises desinsection.
6) outplanting: late Febuary ~ early April; select 1 year or life in 2 years; well developed root system, terminal bud are full, dark green leaf color, nursery stock without the Harmful Biohazard of Forestry and mechanical damage; above screening is taken turns according to high more than 30cm, more than diameter 0.4cm, branch 2; carry out lifting at cloudy day or dusk, if antecedent soil moisture is hard, should waters permeable before lifting or irrigate; root relief after lifting, nursery stock carries out the safeguard measure preventing wind, insolation, damage in handling process.
7) forest land prepares: select height above sea level 600m, the gradient less than 30 °, sunny, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, fertile, loose, well-drained waste mountain waste, and grass is split in deserted mountain comprehensively, then entirely cultivates along contour band shape, removes assorted filling, cogongrass head.
8) dig cave: in band, dig bright cave by seeding row spacing wholely, return table soil, according to different forest land conditions, triangular arrangement, cave specification: long 40cm × wide 40cm × dark 40cm, seeding row spacing 25cm, planting density 2500 strains/hm 2.
9) basal dressing: often spread manuer in holes fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g, fully mixes thoroughly with subsoil.
10) transplant: cut off the water before transplanting 3 ~ 5 days, before nursery stock transplanting, avoid strong illumination, transplanting time be preferably selected at dusk 5 time after or morning 10 time before, nursery stock is placed in cave, plant blinding to the upper 5 ~ 8cm in foundation place, when planting seedling, notices that root system is unfolded, lower urgent, upper cover loosens the soil.
11) young growth management: a, afforestation survive latter 1 month nitrogen fertilizer application or fertilizer once, and concrete operations are: plough deeply soil 10 ~ 15cm in the peripheral 1m scope of tree crown, from tree stump 15 ~ 20cm place nitrogen fertilizer application 25g/ strain; After b, afforestation in 6 ~ 9 months, executing N, P, K ratio in conjunction with weeding is 15 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times: in 8 months first times, fertilizing amount 25g/ strain in the last ten-days period, upper, fertilizing amount 50g/ strain in the middle ten days in second time November, earthing after fertilising; Within 2nd year ~ 3 years, apply fertilizer in conjunction with weeding after c, afforestation, N, P, K ratio of executing every year is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times, and fertilizing amount is 50g/ strain for the first time, and second time fertilizing amount is 100g/ strain;
12) set body management: within the then with 2nd year, carry out benefit pocket afforestation, carry out suitable pruning and the shaping of tree body;
13) to grow into forest management: after afforestation the 4th year ~ 6 years, carry out the weeding fertilising of expansion cave every year, by expanding cave year by year, cave is linked to be band, annual July ~ August, to be 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizers by N, P, K ratio with organic commercial fertilizer mixed by 1 ︰ 1 uses, fertilizing amount: 100g/ strain after composite fertilizer mixes with organic commercial fertilizer; Expand cave after gathering annual November to foster, and N, P, K ratio of executing is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, fertilizing amount: 100g/ strain;
14) PCO: carry out Harmful monitoring and surveying, taking biological control to be master, physical control and chemical control is auxiliary aggregate measures, carries out preventing or non-environmental pollution control measure, first 45 days forbidding chemical pesticides of gathering.
15) top dressing: in conjunction with Harmful control, early August ~ early September carries out top dressing, water, boron fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea ratio are 15000 ︰ 30 ︰ 50 ︰ 100.
16) pluck: pluck by the maturing stage, pluck in late June end ~ early November.
Embodiment 2: the cuttage implantation methods of a kind of cepehalotaxus fortunei, concrete steps are:
1) selection of land: select to have a good transport service, irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, fertility good, and height above sea level is 5.8 at 1000m, PH, physical features is mild, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, short texture, vacant lot containing the many middle and lower part, hillside of humus.
2) preparation of slotting machine: a, whole: in advance wholely, use small-sized rotary tiller to plough deeply 40cm, and remove tree root and weeds, make high 18cm, the seedling furrow of wide 1.4m, b, basal dressing: execute the base manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that 2cm is thick are 1.5mm river sand in the granularity of seedling furrow upper berth one deck 4cm; C, to disinfect: with 0.2% formalin solution, slotting machine is sprayed before cuttage.
3) preparation before cuttage: a, fringe is cut: carry out February to mid-March, the age of tree is selected to be greater than 5 years, height above sea level the wild cepehalotaxus fortunei of 1300m as elite stand, select the lifes in 1 year ~ 3 years on elite stand, the lignified branch of thick 0.5 ~ 0.8cm as fringe bar, the general 10cm of length, every bar stays one " the top tip ", and all the other side shoots, blade are all wiped out, and is whittled into water chestnut angle as fringe bar end opening at minor matters place blade; B, preservation: fringe bar notes moisturizing, and shading is preserved, the time is no more than 5 days; C, process: before cuttage, cuttings base portion is immersed in 1.5h in 0.01% carbendazim solution, it is for subsequent use that root-inducing powder is dipped in taking-up.
4) cuttage and management after inserting: according to seeding row spacing 6cm × 8cm or 8cm × 10cm, cuttings buries 3/5, waters permeable, water one time of nutrition liquid afterwards every 5 days after inserting; Cuttage seeding is topdressed with 0.8% urea after taking root, every 20 days once; June in conjunction with PCO, the potassium sulphate fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.08% 1 time; Execute concentration 1.5%, N July, P, K ratio is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times; Remain that seedbed is moistening to seedling growth animated period after cuttage.
5) weeding, insect prevention: during weeding, accomplish " except early, except little, except ", grassy weed can in 1 ~ 3 leaf phase with " cover grass energy " weeding, or with plastic mulching seedbed to reduce weeds; , Imidacloprid, go out environment-friendly pesticides such as sweeping profit, dimehypo, efficient cyhalothrin fat clean with green Pepsi, aphid lice look pest a situation arises desinsection.
6) outplanting: late Febuary ~ early April; select 1 year or life in 2 years; well developed root system, terminal bud are full, dark green leaf color, nursery stock without the Harmful Biohazard of Forestry and mechanical damage; above screening is taken turns according to high more than 30cm, more than diameter 0.4cm, branch 2; carry out lifting at cloudy day or dusk, if antecedent soil moisture is hard, should waters permeable before lifting or irrigate; root relief after lifting, nursery stock carries out the safeguard measure preventing wind, insolation, damage in handling process.
7) forest land prepares: select height above sea level 1500m, the gradient less than 30 °, sunny, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, fertile, loose, well-drained waste mountain waste, and grass is split in deserted mountain comprehensively, then entirely cultivates along contour band shape, removes assorted filling, cogongrass head.
8) dig cave: in band, dig bright cave by seeding row spacing wholely, return table soil, according to different forest land conditions, triangular arrangement, cave specification: long 40cm × wide 40cm × dark 40cm, seeding row spacing 25cm, planting density 2500 strains/hm 2.
9) basal dressing: often spread manuer in holes fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g, fully mixes thoroughly with subsoil.
10) transplant: cut off the water before transplanting 3 ~ 5 days, before nursery stock transplanting, avoid strong illumination, transplanting time be preferably selected at dusk 5 time after or morning 10 time before, nursery stock is placed in cave, plant blinding to the upper 5 ~ 8cm in foundation place, when planting seedling, notices that root system is unfolded, lower urgent, upper cover loosens the soil.
11) young growth management: a, afforestation survive latter 1 month nitrogen fertilizer application or fertilizer once, and concrete operations are: plough deeply soil 10 ~ 15cm in the peripheral 1m scope of tree crown, from tree stump 15 ~ 20cm place nitrogen fertilizer application 35g/ strain; After b, afforestation in 6 ~ 9 months, executing N, P, K ratio in conjunction with weeding is 15 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times: in 8 months first times, fertilizing amount 40g/ strain in the last ten-days period, upper, fertilizing amount 80g/ strain in the middle ten days in second time November, earthing after fertilising; Within 2nd year ~ 3 years, apply fertilizer in conjunction with weeding after c, afforestation, N, P, K ratio of executing every year is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times, and fertilizing amount is 80g/ strain for the first time, and second time fertilizing amount is 150g/ strain;
12) set body management: within the then with 2nd year, carry out benefit pocket afforestation, carry out suitable pruning and the shaping of tree body;
13) to grow into forest management: after afforestation the 4th year ~ 6 years, carry out the weeding fertilising of expansion cave every year, by expanding cave year by year, cave is linked to be band, annual July ~ August, to be 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizers by N, P, K ratio with organic commercial fertilizer mixed by 1 ︰ 1 uses, fertilizing amount: 130g/ strain after composite fertilizer mixes with organic commercial fertilizer; Expand cave after gathering annual November to foster, and N, P, K ratio of executing is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, fertilizing amount: 150g/ strain;
14) PCO: carry out Harmful monitoring and surveying, taking biological control to be master, physical control and chemical control is auxiliary aggregate measures, carries out preventing or non-environmental pollution control measure, first 45 days forbidding chemical pesticides of gathering.
15) top dressing: in conjunction with Harmful control, early August ~ early September carries out top dressing, water, boron fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea ratio are 15000 ︰ 30 ︰ 50 ︰ 150.
16) pluck: pluck by the maturing stage, pluck in late September end ~ early December.
Embodiment 3: the cuttage implantation methods of a kind of cepehalotaxus fortunei, concrete steps are:
1) selection of land: select to have a good transport service, irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, fertility good, and height above sea level is 6.0 at 1300m, PH, physical features is mild, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, short texture, vacant lot containing the many middle and lower part, hillside of humus.
2) preparation of slotting machine: a, whole: in advance wholely, use small-sized rotary tiller to plough deeply 40cm, and remove tree root and weeds, make high 18cm, the seedling furrow of wide 1.4m, b, basal dressing: execute the base manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that 3cm is thick are 1.5mm river sand in the granularity of seedling furrow upper berth one deck 4cm; C, to disinfect: with 0.3% formalin solution, slotting machine is sprayed before cuttage.
3) preparation before cuttage: a, fringe is cut: carry out February to mid-March, the age of tree is selected to be greater than 5 years, height above sea level the wild cepehalotaxus fortunei of 1300m as elite stand, select the lifes in 1 year ~ 3 years on elite stand, the lignified branch of thick 0.5 ~ 0.8cm as fringe bar, the general 10cm of length, every bar stays one " the top tip ", and all the other side shoots, blade are all wiped out, and is whittled into water chestnut angle as fringe bar end opening at minor matters place blade; B, preservation: fringe bar notes moisturizing, and shading is preserved, the time is no more than 5 days; C, process: before cuttage, cuttings base portion is immersed in 1.5h in 0.01% carbendazim solution, it is for subsequent use that root-inducing powder is dipped in taking-up.
4) cuttage and management after inserting: according to seeding row spacing 6cm × 8cm or 8cm × 10cm, cuttings buries 3/4, waters permeable, water one time of nutrition liquid afterwards every 5 days after inserting; Cuttage seeding is topdressed with 1% urea after taking root, every 20 days once; June in conjunction with PCO, the potassium sulphate fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.08% 1 time; Execute concentration 1.5%, N July, P, K ratio is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 3 times; Remain that seedbed is moistening to seedling growth animated period after cuttage.
5) weeding, insect prevention: during weeding, accomplish " except early, except little, except ", grassy weed can in 1 ~ 3 leaf phase with " cover grass energy " weeding, or with plastic mulching seedbed to reduce weeds; , Imidacloprid, go out environment-friendly pesticides such as sweeping profit, dimehypo, efficient cyhalothrin fat clean with green Pepsi, aphid lice look pest a situation arises desinsection.
6) outplanting: late Febuary ~ early April; select 1 year or life in 2 years; well developed root system, terminal bud are full, dark green leaf color, nursery stock without the Harmful Biohazard of Forestry and mechanical damage; above screening is taken turns according to high more than 30cm, more than diameter 0.4cm, branch 2; carry out lifting at cloudy day or dusk, if antecedent soil moisture is hard, should waters permeable before lifting or irrigate; root relief after lifting, nursery stock carries out the safeguard measure preventing wind, insolation, damage in handling process.
7) forest land prepares: select height above sea level 2100m, the gradient less than 30 °, sunny, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, fertile, loose, well-drained waste mountain waste, and grass is split in deserted mountain comprehensively, then entirely cultivates along contour band shape, removes assorted filling, cogongrass head.
8) dig cave: in band, dig bright cave by seeding row spacing wholely, return table soil, according to different forest land conditions, triangular arrangement, cave specification: long 40cm × wide 40cm × dark 40cm, seeding row spacing 60cm, planting density 3500 strains/hm2.
9) basal dressing: often spread manuer in holes fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g, fully mixes thoroughly with subsoil.
10) transplant: cut off the water before transplanting 3 ~ 5 days, before nursery stock transplanting, avoid strong illumination, transplanting time be preferably selected at dusk 5 time after or morning 10 time before, nursery stock is placed in cave, plant blinding to the upper 5 ~ 8cm in foundation place, when planting seedling, notices that root system is unfolded, lower urgent, upper cover loosens the soil.
11) young growth management: a, afforestation survive latter 2 months nitrogen fertilizer applications or fertilizer once, and concrete operations are: plough deeply soil 10 ~ 15cm in the peripheral 1m scope of tree crown, from tree stump 15 ~ 20cm place nitrogen fertilizer application 50g/ strain; After b, afforestation in 6 ~ 9 months, executing N, P, K ratio in conjunction with weeding is 15 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times: in 8 months first times, fertilizing amount 40g/ strain in the last ten-days period, upper, fertilizing amount 100g/ strain in the middle ten days in second time November, earthing after fertilising; Within 2nd year ~ 3 years, apply fertilizer in conjunction with weeding after c, afforestation, N, P, K ratio of executing every year is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times, and fertilizing amount is 100g/ strain for the first time, and second time fertilizing amount is 200g/ strain;
12) set body management: within the then with 2nd year, carry out benefit pocket afforestation, carry out suitable pruning and the shaping of tree body;
13) to grow into forest management: after afforestation the 4th year ~ 6 years, carry out the weeding fertilising of expansion cave every year, by expanding cave year by year, cave is linked to be band, annual July ~ August, to be 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizers by N, P, K ratio with organic commercial fertilizer mixed by 1 ︰ 1 uses, fertilizing amount: 100g/ strain after composite fertilizer mixes with nitrogenous fertilizer 1:1; Expand cave after gathering annual November to foster, and N, P, K ratio of executing is 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, fertilizing amount: 200g/ strain;
14) PCO: carry out Harmful monitoring and surveying, taking biological control to be master, physical control and chemical control is auxiliary aggregate measures, carries out preventing or non-environmental pollution control measure, first 45 days forbidding chemical pesticides of gathering.
15) top dressing: in conjunction with Harmful control, early August ~ early September carries out top dressing, water, boron fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea ratio are 15000 ︰ 30 ︰ 50 ︰ 150.
16) pluck: pluck by the maturing stage, pluck in late September end ~ early December.

Claims (3)

1. a cuttage implantation methods for cepehalotaxus fortunei, is characterized in that, specifically comprise the following steps:
Selection of land: select height above sea level in 800 ~ 1300m, PH5.5 ~ 6.0, physical features be mild, short texture, vacant lot containing the many farmland of humus or middle and lower part, hillside;
The preparation of slotting machine: a, whole: in advance wholely, to plough deeply 30 ~ 50cm, remove tree root and weeds, make high 15 ~ 20cm, the seedling furrow of wide 1.2 ~ 1.5m; B, basal dressing: execute the base manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that 1 ~ 3cm is thick are the river sand of 1 ~ 2mm in the granularity of seedling furrow upper berth one deck 3 ~ 5cm; C, to disinfect: with 0.2 ~ 0.3% potassium permanganate or formalin solution, slotting machine is sprayed before cuttage;
Preparation before cuttage: a, cut fringe: carry out February to mid-March, select the age of tree to be greater than the cepehalotaxus fortunei of 5 years as elite stand, select the lifes in 1 year ~ 3 years on elite stand, the lignified branch of thick 0.5 ~ 0.8cm, be cut into the fringe bar of long 8 ~ 12cm; B, preservation: fringe bar notes moisturizing, and shading is preserved, the time is no more than 5 days; C, process: before cuttage, cuttings base portion is immersed in 1 ~ 2h in 0.01 ~ 0.15% carbendazim solution, it is for subsequent use that root-inducing powder is dipped in taking-up;
Cuttage and management after inserting: according to seeding row spacing 6cm × 8cm or 8cm × 10cm, cuttings buries 1/2 ~ 3/4, waters permeable, water one time of nutrition liquid afterwards every 5 days after inserting; Cuttage seeding is topdressed with 0.5 ~ 1% urea after taking root, every 20 days once; The potassium sulphate fertilizer of foliage-spray 0.05 ~ 0.1% 1 ~ 2 time, executed concentration 1 ~ 1.5%, N July, P, K ratio was 25 ︰ 15 ︰ 15 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times in conjunction with PCO June;
Outplanting: late Febuary ~ early April, select 1 year or life in 2 years, high more than 30cm, more than diameter 0.4cm, branch 2 take turns above nursery stock, carry out lifting at cloudy day or dusk;
Forest land prepares: select height above sea level 600 ~ 2100m, the gradient less than 30 °, sunny, soil thickness is greater than 50cm, fertile, loose, well-drained waste mountain waste, and grass is split in deserted mountain comprehensively, entirely cultivates along contour band shape;
Dig cave: in band, dig bright cave by seeding row spacing wholely, return table soil, seeding row spacing 25 ~ 60cm, planting density 2500 ~ 3500 strains/hm 2;
Basal dressing: often spread manuer in holes fused calcium magnesium phosphate 250g, or mix after fermentation 15 ~ 20 days with farmyard manure and superphosphate in the ratio of 6:1, often spread manuer in holes 1 ~ 2kg, fully mixes thoroughly with subsoil;
Transplant: nursery stock is uprightly put into cave, blinding of planting, to the upper 5 ~ 8cm in foundation place, is noticed that root system is unfolded when planting seedling, lower urgent, upper cover is loosened the soil;
Young growth manages: a, afforestation survive latter 1 month ~ 2 months nitrogen fertilizer applications or fertilizer once; After b, afforestation in 6 ~ 9 months, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times, in 8 months first times, fertilizing amount 25 ~ 50g/ strain in the last ten-days period, upper, fertilizing amount 50 ~ 100g/ strain in the middle ten days in second time November, earthing after fertilising; Within 2nd year ~ 3 years, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 2 times after c, afforestation, fertilizing amount is 50 ~ 100g/ strain for the first time, and second time fertilizing amount is 100 ~ 200g/ strain;
Tree body management: mend pocket, pruning and the shaping of tree body on the then with 2nd year afforestation;
To grow into forest management: after afforestation the 4th year ~ 6 years, carry out the weeding fertilising of expansion cave every year, by expanding cave year by year, cave is linked to be band, annual July ~ August potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is mixed with organic commercial fertilizer or nitrogenous fertilizer and use, fertilizing amount: 100 ~ 150g/ strain after composite fertilizer mixes with organic commercial fertilizer 1:1,50 ~ 100g/ strain after composite fertilizer mixes with nitrogenous fertilizer 1:1; Expand cave after gathering annual November to foster, and execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, fertilizing amount: 100 ~ 200g/ strain;
PCO: carry out Harmful monitoring and surveying, taking biological control to be master, physical control and chemical control is auxiliary aggregate measures, carries out preventing or non-environmental pollution control measure, first 45 days forbidding chemical pesticides of gathering;
Top dressing: in conjunction with Harmful control, early August ~ early September carries out top dressing.
2. the cuttage implantation methods of cepehalotaxus fortunei according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 3), female parent selection height above sea level is the wild cepehalotaxus fortunei of 1300 ~ 2100m.
3. the cuttage implantation methods of cepehalotaxus fortunei according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 9), cuts off the water 3 ~ 5 days, before nursery stock transplanting, avoid strong illumination before transplanting, transplanting time between the lights 5 time after or morning 10 time before.
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CN105917936A (en) * 2016-05-16 2016-09-07 浙江农林大学 Method for culturing Chinese fir cuttage container seedlings through light medium
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CN109168855A (en) * 2018-08-20 2019-01-11 潘国长 A kind of cutting cultivation method of mountain small orange
CN111788947A (en) * 2020-06-23 2020-10-20 南京锦江园林景观有限公司 Cutting propagation method for flower nursery stocks

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