CN110012740A - A kind of biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting - Google Patents
A kind of biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110012740A CN110012740A CN201910350386.1A CN201910350386A CN110012740A CN 110012740 A CN110012740 A CN 110012740A CN 201910350386 A CN201910350386 A CN 201910350386A CN 110012740 A CN110012740 A CN 110012740A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of biological control methods of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting, belong to rare rare technical field of plant propagation.The biological control method of the Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting, includes the following steps: step 1: nursery lot selection and processing；Step 2: the selection of cuttage branch and disinfection；Step 3: cutting cuttings；Step 4: cuttage；Step 5: nursery bed management；Step 6: nursery stock transplanting and the field planting that is out of the garden.The present invention carries out cuttage using Camellia nitidissima stiff wood, and cuttage 5 months high survival rates are up to 98.8%, and cuttage 8 months pumping tip rates are up to 90.8%, averagely take out the long 28.8cm of the tip, the cuttage 10 months average long 55.6cm of the pumping tip, 1 year raw nursery stock average height 28.5cm, outplanting rate are up to 85.6%；It transplants after nutrition cup is cultivated 7 months, high survival rate is up to 97.38%, and outplanting rate is up to 92.24%, and seedling height reaches 70cm or more.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biological control methods of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting, belong to rare rare Plant breeding techniques neck
Domain.
Background technique
Camellia nitidissima is the rare plant of preciousness rare in the world, is one of eight kinds of first-grade state protection plants in China, is praised
For " plant kingdom giant panda ", " tea race queen ".Camellia nitidissima can not only watch, and its flower, leaf can tea making, be used as medicine, be medicine food
Dual purpose plant.
The propagation method of the Camellia nitidissima of the prior art is that have 4 kinds of seed seedling-raising, overhead layering, grafting, shoot cutting methods,
The following problems exist respectively:
Seed seedling-raising: after nursery stock is unearthed, seedling stem children is tender before non-matter, causes harm vulnerable to disease pest, causes nursery stock rate low,
Nursery is caused to fail in individual nurseries.
Overhead layering: selecting growth key to grow branch press strip in tree crown middle and upper part, waste of raw materials is big, operation is time-consuming,
High-volume breeding nursery stock is difficult.
Grafting: golden flower tea Engraftment mainly uses seedling cut-grafting or bud to connect, and graft survival rate is low, heavy workload, and high-volume is numerous
Grow nursery stock difficulty.
Shoot cutting: carrying out cuttage and seedling culture using semi-lignified branch, and the shoot apex children under adopting is tender, and utilization rate is not high,
Loss is big, and the probability to be caused harm by disease is big.In addition, only focusing on sunshade and water spray moisturizing, time-consuming, cost high benefit is low.
To sum up, the Camellia nitidissima of the prior art propagation method exist waste raw material, time-consuming, cost high benefit is low,
It is difficult to realize large-scale cultivation high-volume nursery stock, is unable to satisfy the defect for developing the needs of golden flower tea industry.Therefore, it needs to develop
A kind of new Camellia nitidissima biological control method, to make up drawbacks described above.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of biological control side of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting
Method.The present invention carries out cuttage using Camellia nitidissima stiff wood, and cuttage 5 months high survival rates are up to 98.8%, cuttage 8 months pumping tip rates
Up to 90.8%, averagely the pumping long 28.8cm of the tip, the cuttage 10 months average long 55.6cm of the pumping tip, 1 year raw nursery stock average height
28.5cm, outplanting rate are up to 85.6%；It transplants after nutrition cup is cultivated 7 months, up to 97.38%, outplanting rate is up to high survival rate
92.24%, seedling height reaches 70cm or more.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that a kind of biological control side of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1: nursery lot selection and processing
The place that nursery lot selection is leeward on the sunny side, has a good transport service, soil depth 50cm or more, the gradient are 8 ° -15 °, soil
Matter is loose, and draining is good, soil pH value 4.5-6.5；
Ploughed deeply in early December current year, month next year 2-3 site preparation, nursery lot surrounding excavate gutter, in seedling
The inner excavation shallow ridges on garden ground；Nursery lot is made into seedbed by early April site preparation；
Step 2: the selection of cuttage branch and disinfection
Mid or late April, the growth of picking Camellia nitidissima tree crown middle and upper part is vigorous, no disease and pests harm, complete lignifying and axillary bud are full
Full stiff wood is as cuttage branch, cuttage branch diameter thick 0.25cm-0.5cm, long 10cm-15cm, blade 1-3 piece；Use mass percent
10s-15s is impregnated for 50% 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder, pulls out and dries, the cuttage branch after being sterilized；
Step 3: cutting cuttings
For cuttage secateurs after the disinfection that step 2 is obtained at cuttings, each cuttings perfects leaf and 1-2 armpit with 1-2 piece
Bud removes bud, carries out notch in the base portion of cuttings, is then immersed in plant growth regulator, the cuttings that obtains that treated；
Step 4: cuttage
The uniform eyelet work on the seedbed of step 1, step 3 is obtained that treated, and cuttings insertion hole is intraocular, and makes to insert
The native face of blade and axillary bud exposing of fringe, the soil being compacted around cuttings root, root water of drenching immediately after cuttage is complete, slightly to blade
600 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder dry, that sprinkling mass percent is 75%；
Step 5: nursery bed management；
Step 6: nursery stock transplanting and the field planting that is out of the garden
After cuttage plant survives and takes out young sprout to 30cm, it is transplanted in nutrition cup, it is to be generated to grow up to seedlings after 7-8 months, out
Garden field planting.
The principle of the present invention:
Using method of the invention, save material, at low cost, high efficiency is simple and easy, can large-scale cultivation it is large quantities of out
The Camellia nitidissima nursery stock of amount improves the surrival rate of afforestation and plays significantly to develop forest economy large-scale cultivation Camellia nitidissima nursery stock
Demonstration effect.
Wherein, in step 3 of the invention, the base portion of cuttings cuts into 45 degree of angles with scraper, it is necessary to smoothly, without tearing.
In step 4 of the invention, axillary bud refers in leaf bud or tip bud that blade base is formed, in pointed, the mainly pumping tip
Growth forms blade；Bud refers to that rounded, bud has Pistil And Stamen, the quality of bud in the bud that blade base is formed
Superiority and inferiority directly affects yield.In present study, mainly cultivation nursery stock needed for, emphasis be retain leaf bud take out the tip formed it is new
Plant, bud are erased, and adequate nutrients supply plant strain growth has been allowed to.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the width in the gutter is 40cm, depth 60cm-80cm；The width of the shallow ridges
For 30cm, depth 30cm-40cm；The width in the seedbed is 1.0m, length 8.0m, and there are width between adjacent seedbed
The pavement of 40cm-50cm.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: identified seedbed specification and pavement are wide, convenient for the management to nursery,
Nursery draining is unobstructed, may advantageously facilitate seedling growth, improves nursery stock rate.
Further, in step 3, the length of the cuttings is 7cm-10cm；Notch top distance perfects the distance of leaf
For 0.2cm-0.4cm；The plant growth regulator is the mixture of 20mL root element, 500mL water and 500g yellow soil；It is described
The time being immersed in plant growth regulator is 10s-15s.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: cuttings uses above-mentioned specification, mainly saving raw material, has a large amount of
Breeding fringe bud is that high-volume cultivates nursery stock supply raw material；Using the plant growth regulator concentration of institute's ingredients at it
Reason, is conducive to improve plant percent, plays good guarantee for large-scale cultivation nursery stock.
Above-mentioned root element is purchased from Guangdong Plants dragon Biotechnology Ltd., and name of product is that " the root sun is taken root
Agent ".
Further, in step 4, the spacing in the rows for being inserted in the intraocular cuttings of adjacent holes is 6cm, line-spacing 10cm；Each hole is intraocular
The quantity of cuttage is 14-18 plants；The intraocular depth in cuttings insertion hole is 2.5cm-3.5cm.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: according to above-mentioned strain, the specification eyelet work of line-spacing, is operated convenient for cuttage,
Prevent fringe from rupturing；The intraocular cuttage quantity in each hole is set, is improved to save area of nursery bed, intensive farming, save cost
Nursery stock quantity is cultivated, development scaleization cultivates nursery stock.
Further, in step 5, the nursery bed management method particularly includes:
Step 5.1: building sunshade
While establishing nursery lot, sunshade is built, and cover sunshade net；
Step 5.2: arched shed
After cuttage, arched shed is built on seedbed, covers film and is compacted tight envelope arched shed surrounding；
50d-60d after cuttage, the cuttings to 85% or more quantity survive long root, and there have the cuttings of 30% or more quantity to take out to be new
After the tip, arched shed film is removed, reinforces water drenching, prevents arid；
Step 5.3: weeding is fostered
When soil hardening, loosen the soil；When there are weeds, pull out immediately；
Step 5.4: water and fertilizer management
It after cuttage 20d, is sprayed foliar fertilizer 1 time at interval of 15d-20d, even spray 2-3 times；After cuttage 90d, at interval of 15d-
Aqueous solution 1 time of the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that mass percent is 0.8% is applied in 20d leaching, and company applies 4-5 times；After cuttage 90d, at interval of
28d-32d spreads fertilizer over the fields granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 1 time, and company applies 3-4 times；
Step 5.5: water drenching moisturizing
After cuttage, when drought, reinforces water drenching, promote seedling growth；
Step 5.6: water drainage
It when rainy day nursery lot internal water accumulation, excludes immediately, cleaning dredging gutter；
Step 5.7: pest management
Primary, timely processing of finding the problem periodically is checked after cuttage comprehensively with going deep into garden weekly；At interval of 18d- after cuttage
22d sprays 800 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass percent is 50% or the Bravo that mass percent is 75% can
800 times of wet powder liquid 1 time, two kinds of medicaments are used interchangeably, and spray 3-4 times altogether；
Mole cricket: being converted to mix 50kg and fry to the fragrant wheat bran of paste with the dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate that 500g mass percent is 40% poison bait be made,
Poison bait is launched at mole cricket activity, nursery lot uses poison bait 1.5kg-2.5kg per acre；
Yellow wing termite: installation black light lamps；Or dig pit at yellow wing termite activity, horsehit and the fresh grass with water are put
Enter trapping in hole.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: using the above method, the daily management in nursery can be well realized.
Wherein, in above-mentioned steps 5.4, after cuttage 3 months, long root takes out young sprout to nursery stock, should there is sufficient nutrient supply.At this time in addition to wanting
Liquid Fertilizer is sprayed, granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is also spread fertilizer over the fields.It must be noted that not scatter granular fertilizer in seedling when spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer
On blade and tender tip, fertilizer damage is prevented, is sprayed water in time after spreading fertilizer over the fields granular fertilizer.
Further, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15%.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: above-mentioned compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is suitable for nutrient needed for Camellia nitidissima growth,
The growth of Camellia nitidissima can be promoted vigorous.
Further, in step 6, the height of the seedlings is 65cm-80cm, diameter is slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: the cuttage seedling cultivated using the present invention passes through the big of transplant
Seedling, nursery stock is sturdy, and well developed root system, resistance is strong, plants high survival rate, and growth is fast.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) seed seedling-raising is used before, seedling stem children is tender after being unearthed there is nursery stock, cause harm vulnerable to disease pest, nursery stock rate
Only 50% or so；It is separately semi-lignified branch cuttage and seedling culture, the shoot apex children under adopting is tender, and utilization rate is not high, and loss is big, and
The probability to be caused harm by disease is big, and nursery stock rate is 60.5% or so.
(2) present invention carries out cuttage using Camellia nitidissima stiff wood, and cuttage 5 months high survival rates are up to 98.8%, cuttage 8 months
Pumping tip rate up to 90.8%, the averagely pumping long 28.8cm of the tip, the cuttage 10 months average long 55.6cm of the pumping tip, 1 year raw outplanting rate height
Up to 85.6%, 71.2% He is respectively increased than the former outplanting rate using seed seedling-raising and semi-lignified branch cuttage and seedling culture
41.49%；Its nursery stock transplanting is after nutrition cup is cultivated 7 months, and high survival rate is up to 97.38%, and outplanting rate is up to 92.24%, seedling
The wooden height reaches 70cm or more.
(3) the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting of the invention, saves material, at low cost, high efficiency, letter
It is single easy, can large-scale cultivation go out large batch of Camellia nitidissima nursery stock, to develop forest economy large-scale cultivation Camellia nitidissima nursery stock, mention
The high surrival rate of afforestation plays significant demonstration effect.
(4) method of the invention is simple, and operation is easy, wide market, is suitble to promote and apply.
Specific embodiment
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The biological control method of the Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: nursery lot selection and processing
The place that nursery lot selection is leeward on the sunny side, has a good transport service, soil depth 50cm or more, the gradient are 8 °, and soil property is dredged
Pine, draining is good, soil pH value 4.5.
Ploughed deeply in early December current year, month next year 2-3 site preparation, nursery lot surrounding excavate gutter, in seedling
The inner excavation shallow ridges on garden ground；Nursery lot is made into seedbed by early April site preparation.Wherein, the width in the gutter be 40cm,
Depth is 60cm；The width of the shallow ridges is 30cm, depth 30cm；The width in the seedbed is 1.0m, length 8.0m, and
There are the pavements of wide 40cm between adjacent seedbed.
Step 2: the selection of cuttage branch and disinfection
Mid or late April, the growth of picking Camellia nitidissima tree crown middle and upper part is vigorous, no disease and pests harm, complete lignifying and axillary bud are full
Full stiff wood is as cuttage branch, cuttage branch diameter thick 0.25cm-0.5cm, long 10cm-15cm, blade 1-3 piece；Use mass percent
10s is impregnated for 50% 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder, pulls out and dries, the cuttage branch after being sterilized.
Step 3: cutting cuttings
For cuttage secateurs after the disinfection that step 2 is obtained at cuttings, the length of each cuttings is 7cm, sound with 1-2 piece
Leaf and 1-2 axillary bud remove bud, cut into scraper the notch at 45 degree of angles in the base portion of cuttings, notch top distance is sound
The distance of leaf is 0.2cm, it is necessary to it is smooth, without tearing, it is then immersed in 10s in plant growth regulator, obtains that treated inserts
Fringe.Wherein, the plant growth regulator is the mixture of 20mL root element, 500mL water and 500g yellow soil.
Step 4: cuttage
The uniform eyelet work on the seedbed of step 1, step 3 is obtained that treated, and cuttings insertion hole is intraocular, is inserted in
The spacing in the rows of the intraocular cuttings of adjacent holes is 6cm, line-spacing 10cm；The quantity of each intraocular cuttage in hole is 14 plants；The cuttings insertion
The intraocular depth in hole is 2.5cm, and the blade of cuttings and axillary bud is made to expose native face, the soil being compacted around cuttings root, cuttage
It drenches immediately after complete root water, Bravo wettable powder 600 times liquid that sprinkling mass percent be 75% slightly dry to blade.
Step 5: nursery bed management
Step 5.1: building sunshade
While establishing nursery lot, sunshade is built, and cover sunshade net；
Step 5.2: arched shed
After cuttage, arched shed is built on seedbed, covers film and is compacted tight envelope arched shed surrounding；
50d after cuttage, the cuttings to 85% or more quantity survive long root, and have the cuttings of 30% or more quantity to take out young sprout
Afterwards, arched shed film is removed, reinforces water drenching, prevents arid；
Step 5.3: weeding is fostered
When soil hardening, loosen the soil；When there are weeds, pull out immediately；
Step 5.4: water and fertilizer management
It after cuttage 20d, is sprayed foliar fertilizer 1 time at interval of 15d, even spray 2-3 times；After cuttage 90d, matter is applied at interval of 15d leaching
Aqueous solution 1 time for measuring the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that percentage is 0.8%, company applies 4 times；After cuttage 90d, spread fertilizer over the fields at interval of 28d granular
Compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1 time, company applies 3 times；Wherein, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is
15%.
Step 5.5: water drenching moisturizing
After cuttage, when drought, reinforces water drenching, promote seedling growth；
Step 5.6: water drainage
It when rainy day nursery lot internal water accumulation, excludes immediately, cleaning dredging gutter；
Step 5.7: pest management
Primary, timely processing of finding the problem periodically is checked after cuttage comprehensively with going deep into garden weekly；It is sprayed after cuttage at interval of 18d
Spill 800 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass percent is 50% or the Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75%
800 times of agent liquid 1 time, two kinds of medicaments are used interchangeably, and spray 3 times altogether；
Mole cricket: being converted to mix 50kg and fry to the fragrant wheat bran of paste with the dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate that 500g mass percent is 40% poison bait be made,
Poison bait is launched at mole cricket activity, nursery lot uses poison bait 1.5kg per acre；
Yellow wing termite: installation black light lamps；Or dig pit at yellow wing termite activity, horsehit and the fresh grass with water are put
Enter trapping in hole.
Step 6: nursery stock transplanting and the field planting that is out of the garden
It after cuttage plant survives and takes out young sprout to 30cm, is transplanted in nutrition cup, after 7-8 months, the height to be generated that grows up to is
65cm, diameter are slightly the seedlings of 0.6cm, and be out of the garden field planting.
Embodiment 2
The biological control method of the Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: nursery lot selection and processing
The place that nursery lot selection is leeward on the sunny side, has a good transport service, soil depth 50cm or more, 12 ° of the gradient, soil property is dredged
Pine, draining is good, soil pH value 5.5.
Ploughed deeply in early December current year, month next year 2-3 site preparation, nursery lot surrounding excavate gutter, in seedling
The inner excavation shallow ridges on garden ground；Nursery lot is made into seedbed by early April site preparation.Wherein, the width in the gutter be 40cm,
Depth is 70cm；The width of the shallow ridges is 30cm, depth 35cm；The width in the seedbed is 1.0m, length 8.0m, and
There are the pavements of wide 45cm between adjacent seedbed.
Step 2: the selection of cuttage branch and disinfection
Mid or late April, the growth of picking Camellia nitidissima tree crown middle and upper part is vigorous, no disease and pests harm, complete lignifying and axillary bud are full
Full stiff wood is as cuttage branch, cuttage branch diameter thick 0.25cm-0.5cm, long 10cm-15cm, blade 1-3 piece；Use mass percent
12s is impregnated for 50% 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder, pulls out and dries, the cuttage branch after being sterilized.
Step 3: cutting cuttings
For cuttage secateurs after the disinfection that step 2 is obtained at cuttings, the length of each cuttings is 8cm, sound with 1-2 piece
Leaf and 1-2 axillary bud remove bud, cut into scraper the notch at 45 degree of angles in the base portion of cuttings, notch top distance is sound
The distance of leaf is 0.3cm, it is necessary to it is smooth, without tearing, it is then immersed in 12s in plant growth regulator, obtains that treated inserts
Fringe.Wherein, the plant growth regulator is the mixture of 20mL root element, 500mL water and 500g yellow soil.
Step 4: cuttage
The uniform eyelet work on the seedbed of step 1, step 3 is obtained that treated, and cuttings insertion hole is intraocular, is inserted in
The spacing in the rows of the intraocular cuttings of adjacent holes is 6cm, line-spacing 10cm；The quantity of each intraocular cuttage in hole is 16 plants；The cuttings insertion
The intraocular depth in hole is 3.0cm, and the blade of cuttings and axillary bud is made to expose native face, the soil being compacted around cuttings root, cuttage
It drenches immediately after complete root water, Bravo wettable powder 600 times liquid that sprinkling mass percent be 75% slightly dry to blade.
Step 5: nursery bed management
Step 5.1: building sunshade
While establishing nursery lot, sunshade is built, and cover sunshade net；
Step 5.2: arched shed
After cuttage, arched shed is built on seedbed, covers film and is compacted tight envelope arched shed surrounding；
55d after cuttage, the cuttings to 85% or more quantity survive long root, and have the cuttings of 30% or more quantity to take out young sprout
Afterwards, arched shed film is removed, reinforces water drenching, prevents arid；
Step 5.3: weeding is fostered
When soil hardening, loosen the soil；When there are weeds, pull out immediately；
Step 5.4: water and fertilizer management
It after cuttage 20d, is sprayed foliar fertilizer 1 time at interval of 18d, even spray 3 times；After cuttage 90d, Shi Zhiliang is drenched at interval of 18d
Aqueous solution 1 time of the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that percentage is 0.8%, company applies 4 times；After cuttage 90d, drop sulfur is spread fertilizer over the fields at interval of 30d
Sour K composite fertilizer 1 time, company applies 4 times；Wherein, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is
15%.
Step 5.5: water drenching moisturizing
After cuttage, when drought, reinforces water drenching, promote seedling growth；
Step 5.6: water drainage
It when rainy day nursery lot internal water accumulation, excludes immediately, cleaning dredging gutter；
Step 5.7: pest management
Primary, timely processing of finding the problem periodically is checked after cuttage comprehensively with going deep into garden weekly；It is sprayed after cuttage at interval of 20d
Spill 800 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass percent is 50% or the Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75%
800 times of agent liquid 1 time, two kinds of medicaments are used interchangeably, and spray 4 times altogether；
Mole cricket: being converted to mix 50kg and fry to the fragrant wheat bran of paste with the dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate that 500g mass percent is 40% poison bait be made,
Poison bait is launched at mole cricket activity, nursery lot uses poison bait 2.0kg per acre；
Yellow wing termite: installation black light lamps；Or dig pit at yellow wing termite activity, horsehit and the fresh grass with water are put
Enter trapping in hole.
Step 6: nursery stock transplanting and the field planting that is out of the garden
It after cuttage plant survives and takes out young sprout to 30cm, is transplanted in nutrition cup, after 7-8 months, the height to be generated that grows up to is
75cm, diameter are slightly the seedlings of 0.65cm, and be out of the garden field planting.
Embodiment 3
The biological control method of the Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: nursery lot selection and processing
The place that nursery lot selection is leeward on the sunny side, has a good transport service, soil depth 50cm or more, 15 ° of the gradient, soil property is dredged
Pine, draining is good, soil pH value 6.5.
Ploughed deeply in early December current year, month next year 2-3 site preparation, nursery lot surrounding excavate gutter, in seedling
The inner excavation shallow ridges on garden ground；Nursery lot is made into seedbed by early April site preparation.Wherein, the width in the gutter be 40cm,
Depth is 80cm；The width of the shallow ridges is 30cm, depth 40cm；The width in the seedbed is 1.0m, length 8.0m, and
There are the pavements of wide 50cm between adjacent seedbed.
Step 2: the selection of cuttage branch and disinfection
Mid or late April, the growth of picking Camellia nitidissima tree crown middle and upper part is vigorous, no disease and pests harm, complete lignifying and axillary bud are full
Full stiff wood is as cuttage branch, cuttage branch diameter thick 0.25cm-0.5cm, long 10cm-15cm, blade 1-3 piece；Use mass percent
15s is impregnated for 50% 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder, pulls out and dries, the cuttage branch after being sterilized.
Step 3: cutting cuttings
For cuttage secateurs after the disinfection that step 2 is obtained at cuttings, the length of each cuttings is 10cm, strong with 1-2 piece
Full leaf and 1-2 axillary bud remove bud, cut into scraper the notch at 45 degree of angles in the base portion of cuttings, notch top distance is strong
The distance of full leaf is 0.4cm, it is necessary to it is smooth, without tearing, it is then immersed in 15s in plant growth regulator, obtains that treated
Cuttings.Wherein, the plant growth regulator is the mixture of 20mL root element, 500mL water and 500g yellow soil.
Step 4: cuttage
The uniform eyelet work on the seedbed of step 1, step 3 is obtained that treated, and cuttings insertion hole is intraocular, is inserted in
The spacing in the rows of the intraocular cuttings of adjacent holes is 6cm, line-spacing 10cm；The quantity of each intraocular cuttage in hole is 18 plants；The cuttings insertion
The intraocular depth in hole is 3.5cm, and the blade of cuttings and axillary bud is made to expose native face, the soil being compacted around cuttings root, cuttage
It drenches immediately after complete root water, Bravo wettable powder 600 times liquid that sprinkling mass percent be 75% slightly dry to blade.
Step 5: nursery bed management
Step 5.1: building sunshade
While establishing nursery lot, sunshade is built, and cover sunshade net；
Step 5.2: arched shed
After cuttage, arched shed is built on seedbed, covers film and is compacted tight envelope arched shed surrounding；
60d after cuttage, the cuttings to 85% or more quantity survive long root, and have the cuttings of 30% or more quantity to take out young sprout
Afterwards, arched shed film is removed, reinforces water drenching, prevents arid；
Step 5.3: weeding is fostered
When soil hardening, loosen the soil；When there are weeds, pull out immediately；
Step 5.4: water and fertilizer management
It after cuttage 20d, is sprayed foliar fertilizer 1 time at interval of 20d, even spray 3 times；After cuttage 90d, Shi Zhiliang is drenched at interval of 20d
Aqueous solution 1 time of the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that percentage is 0.8%, company applies 5 times；After cuttage 90d, drop sulfur is spread fertilizer over the fields at interval of 32d
Sour K composite fertilizer 1 time, company applies 4 times；Wherein, in the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is
15%.
Step 5.5: water drenching moisturizing
After cuttage, when drought, reinforces water drenching, promote seedling growth；
Step 5.6: water drainage
It when rainy day nursery lot internal water accumulation, excludes immediately, cleaning dredging gutter；
Step 5.7: pest management
Primary, timely processing of finding the problem periodically is checked after cuttage comprehensively with going deep into garden weekly；It is sprayed after cuttage at interval of 22d
Spill 800 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass percent is 50% or the Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75%
800 times of agent liquid 1 time, two kinds of medicaments are used interchangeably, and spray 4 times altogether；
Mole cricket: being converted to mix 50kg and fry to the fragrant wheat bran of paste with the dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate that 500g mass percent is 40% poison bait be made,
Poison bait is launched at mole cricket activity, nursery lot uses poison bait 2.5kg per acre；
Yellow wing termite: installation black light lamps；Or dig pit at yellow wing termite activity, horsehit and the fresh grass with water are put
Enter trapping in hole.
Step 6: nursery stock transplanting and the field planting that is out of the garden
It after cuttage plant survives and takes out young sprout to 30cm, is transplanted in nutrition cup, after 7-8 months, the height to be generated that grows up to is
80cm, diameter are slightly the seedlings of 0.7cm, and be out of the garden field planting.
Experimental example
Present inventor was 20 to 30 April in 2016, in Beihai, Guangxi Hepu County Baisha Zhen, using this hair
The method of bright embodiment 2 carries out the biological control test of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting, and test sets 1 processing, and (hardwood cutting is educated
Seedling), 1 control (semi-lignified branch cuttage and seedling culture), be repeated 3 times, the result is that: be averaged and survive within 5 months after cuttage of the present invention
Rate, 8 months average pumping tip rates, 10 months average pumping tips are long, 1 year raw nursery stock is averaged, and outplanting rate is respectively 98.8%,
90.8%, 55.6cm, 85.6%；And 5 months average survivals, 8 months average pumping tip rates, 10 months after the cuttage compareed
The average pumping tip is long, 1 year raw nursery stock is averaged, and outplanting rate is 78.5%, 75.3%, 53.4cm, 60.5% respectively；It is of the invention at
Motility rate and outplanting rate are respectively higher than 25.86%, 41.49% compareed.
It can be seen that saved material using the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting of the invention, cost
Low, high efficiency, it is simple and easy, can large-scale cultivation go out large batch of Camellia nitidissima nursery stock, for develop forest economy large-scale cultivation
Camellia nitidissima nursery stock improves the surrival rate of afforestation and plays significant demonstration effect.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: nursery lot selection and processing
The place that nursery lot selection is leeward on the sunny side, has a good transport service, soil depth 50cm or more, the gradient are 8 ° -15 °, and soil property is dredged
Pine, draining is good, soil pH value 4.5-6.5；
Ploughed deeply in early December current year, month next year 2-3 site preparation, nursery lot surrounding excavate gutter, in nursery lot
Inner excavation shallow ridges；Nursery lot is made into seedbed by early April site preparation；
Step 2: the selection of cuttage branch and disinfection
Mid or late April, picking Camellia nitidissima tree crown middle and upper part grows vigorous, no disease and pests harm, complete lignifying and axillary bud is full
Stiff wood is as cuttage branch, cuttage branch diameter thick 0.25cm-0.5cm, long 10cm-15cm, blade 1-3 piece；It is with mass percent
50% 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder impregnate 10s-15s, pull out and dry, the cuttage branch after being sterilized；
Step 3: cutting cuttings
At cuttings, each cuttings perfects leaf and 1-2 axillary bud with 1-2 piece, removes cuttage secateurs after the disinfection that step 2 is obtained
Bud is removed, notch is carried out in the base portion of cuttings, is then immersed in plant growth regulator, the cuttings that obtains that treated；
Step 4: cuttage
The uniform eyelet work on the seedbed of step 1, step 3 is obtained that treated, and cuttings insertion hole is intraocular, and makes cuttings
Blade and axillary bud expose native face, and the soil being compacted around cuttings root, root water of drenching immediately after cuttage is complete is slightly dry to blade,
Spray 600 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75%；
Step 5: nursery bed management；
Step 6: nursery stock transplanting and the field planting that is out of the garden
It after cuttage plant survives and takes out young sprout to 30cm, is transplanted in nutrition cup, to be generated to grow up to seedlings after 7-8 months, it is fixed to be out of the garden
It plants.
2. the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, institute
The width for stating gutter is 40cm, depth 60cm-80cm；The width of the shallow ridges is 30cm, depth 30cm-40cm；Institute
The width for stating seedbed is 1.0m, length 8.0m, and there are the pavements of wide 40cm-50cm between adjacent seedbed.
3. the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3, institute
The length for stating cuttings is 7cm-10cm；The distance that notch top distance perfects leaf is 0.2cm-0.4cm；The plant growth
Regulator is the mixture of 20mL root element, 500mL water and 500g yellow soil；It is described be immersed in plant growth regulator when
Between be 10s-15s.
4. the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 4, insert
Enter the intraocular cuttings of adjacent holes spacing in the rows be 6cm, line-spacing 10cm；The quantity of each intraocular cuttage in hole is 14-18 plants；It is described to insert
It is 2.5cm-3.5cm that fringe, which is inserted into the intraocular depth in hole,.
5. the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 5, institute
State nursery bed management method particularly includes:
Step 5.1: building sunshade
While establishing nursery lot, sunshade is built, and cover sunshade net；
Step 5.2: arched shed
After cuttage, arched shed is built on seedbed, covers film and is compacted tight envelope arched shed surrounding；
50d-60d after cuttage, the cuttings to 85% or more quantity survive long root, and have the cuttings of 30% or more quantity to take out young sprout
Afterwards, arched shed film is removed, reinforces water drenching, prevents arid；
Step 5.3: weeding is fostered
When soil hardening, loosen the soil；When there are weeds, pull out immediately；
Step 5.4: water and fertilizer management
It after cuttage 20d, is sprayed foliar fertilizer 1 time at interval of 15d-20d, even spray 2-3 times；After cuttage 90d, drenched at interval of 15d-20d
Aqueous solution 1 time for applying the compound potassium sulfate fertilizer that mass percent is 0.8%, company applies 4-5 times；After cuttage 90d, at interval of 28d-
32d spreads fertilizer over the fields granular potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 1 time, and company applies 3-4 times；
Step 5.5: water drenching moisturizing
After cuttage, when drought, reinforces water drenching, promote seedling growth；
Step 5.6: water drainage
It when rainy day nursery lot internal water accumulation, excludes immediately, cleaning dredging gutter；
Step 5.7: pest management
Primary, timely processing of finding the problem periodically is checked after cuttage comprehensively with going deep into garden weekly；It is sprayed after cuttage at interval of 18d-22d
Spill 800 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder that mass percent is 50% or the Bravo wettable powder that mass percent is 75%
800 times of agent liquid 1 time, two kinds of medicaments are used interchangeably, and spray 3-4 times altogether；
Mole cricket: being converted to mix 50kg and fry to the fragrant wheat bran of paste with the dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate that 500g mass percent is 40% poison bait be made, in mole cricket
Poison bait is launched at mqb activity, nursery lot uses poison bait 1.5kg-2.5kg per acre；
Yellow wing termite: installation black light lamps；Or dig pit at yellow wing termite activity, horsehit and the fresh grass with water are put into hole
Interior trapping.
6. the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the potassium sulfate
In compound fertilizer, N, P2O5And K2The mass percentage of O is 15%.
7. the biological control method of Camellia nitidissima hardwood cutting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 6, institute
The height for stating seedlings is 65cm-80cm, diameter is slightly 0.6cm-0.7cm.
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