CN105660282B - A kind of method that buta-buta is quickly afforested - Google Patents
A kind of method that buta-buta is quickly afforested Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660282B CN105660282B CN201610016327.7A CN201610016327A CN105660282B CN 105660282 B CN105660282 B CN 105660282B CN 201610016327 A CN201610016327 A CN 201610016327A CN 105660282 B CN105660282 B CN 105660282B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that buta-buta is quickly afforested.It is studied in terms of buta-buta nutritional bag, the cultivation of sack seedling, cultivation and final-period management 3, has found out the nursery of buta-buta seedling, the cultivation of sack seedling and later stage cultivation management technology of complete set.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the growing and cultivation technical fields of buta-buta, and in particular to a kind of method that buta-buta is quickly afforested.
Background technology
Buta-buta Aquilaria sinensis also known as suspension culture of Aquilaria sinensis, Nv Erxiang, Yuan perfume.Belong to evergreen Qiao for Thymelaeceae agalloch eaglewood
Wood.It is a kind of distinctive tropical tree species in China.It is mainly distributed on the provinces such as Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi.For national II grade of weight
Point protection wild plant.It can generate a kind of rare Chinese medicine agalloch eaglewood, and economic value is high, and market price is in 5000 yuan/more than kg.
Hainan is China agalloch eaglewood major production areas, and at present, buta-buta cultivated area ten thousand plants about more than 300, has spread all over sea up to more than 30,000 mus
Each cities and counties of Nan Sheng, it is more to be distributed in the ground such as Tunchang, Chengmai Bao Ting.
At present, Hainan Province is carrying out the action of greening treasured island, proposes precious indigenous tree come Hainan of dressing up.Buta-buta is because of it
Higher economy and the ecological value, the whole province are generally planted.But due to lacking science method for culturing seedlings and plantation at present
Cultivation technique causes the current buta-buta surrival rate of afforestation extremely low, less than 60%.On the one hand, the long-term high temperature in Hainan, if after afforestation not
Watering, nursery stock lead to death due to water shortage and excessively high surface temperature quickly in time.On the other hand, it is miscellaneous since Hainan is sunny
Careless vitality is vigorous, and nursery stock " is eaten up " after planting since the speed of growth is excessively slow by weeds.Therefore cultivate can drought resisting and
The buta-buta sack seedling quickly to grow into forest is particularly important.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is on the basis of buta-buta seedling nursery, study the cultivation of sack seedling and cultivation management skill
Art summarizes a set of method that can be greatly improved the surrival rate of afforestation, quickly build buta-buta artificial forest.
A kind of method that buta-buta is quickly afforested, includes the following steps：
1) it collects seed：10 years or more ripe agalloch eaglewood seeds are acquired, seed natural cracking is treated in ventilation, drying, and clear water impregnates, disappears
Poison is rinsed well, is dried and is waited to sow；
2) seedbed arranges：It hoes up weeds, plough, be exposed to the sun, sprinkle water, soil is whole broken, and leveling forms seedbed, and soil agent of spreading pesticides is killed
Worm, after medicament volatilization is clean, toward seedbed above put sandy soil and red soil, it is such as temporary i.e. for sowing after potassium permanganate spray disinfectant
It then needs to be sealed with film without sowing, with rainwater-proof and air pollution；
3) it sows：Treated that seed is uniformly sown in earthing on the ready seedbed of step 2) for step 1)；
4) shading net is taken：Arched shed is first taken on seedbed for shading, Sometimes When It Rains then needs to cover film, prevents rainwater
Wash away；Depending on weather condition morning, late water drenching, seedbed moistening is kept；
5) seedling is transplanted seedlings：When seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, start to transplant seedlings, be punched among container bag, prevented not
Nest root；
6) seedling cultivation by setting seedlings matrix：It selects Chengmai soil moved in improve the original, coconut palm chaff, burn four kinds of soil, phosphate fertilizer Light medias as raw material,
Mass ratio is 40:30:10-30:1-3；
7) seedling fertilization strategy：A foliar fertilizer is sprayed per two weeks；
8) seedling seedling management：In case of low temperature then adds arch, lid film in seedling raising process, temperature rise throws off film；Such as
Cloudy weather for several days running day is encountered, builds film, keeps both sides ventilation, rain stops throwing off film；If temperature is high in seedling raising process, put up in time
Shading net keeps matrix moistening；After fertilising, blade face is rinsed with water spray immediately, prevents burn seedlings；Pest and disease damage is carried out with reference to medicament
Control stategy；Seedling length starts to be transplanted to sack to 30-50cm high；
9) the sack specification that sack seedling is cultivated：According to the size of nursery stock, the speed for wearing root, the survival rate of nursery stock and market
Needs, determine the selection of sack seedling sack specification；If the sack seedling specification of semi-annual is cultivated in (15~25) cm* (15
~25) non-woven bag of cm；If cultivate non-woven fabrics of 1 year raw sack seedling specification in (25~35) cm* (25~35) cm
Bag；If cultivate non-woven bag of the raw sack seedling specifications of 1-2 in (35~45) cm* (35~45) cm；
10) sack seedling is transplanted seedlings：Matrix compacting will be first filled in sack, make a call on sack one it is identical with seedling container bag diameter
Hole；The buta-buta seedling of removal seedling container bag is transplanted to what is accomplished fluently in advance together together with the culture substrate in seedling container bag
In hole, soil has been covered, has kept nursery stock upright, has been sprinkled profoundly water (standard irrigated is that sack bottom has water exudation i.e. only)；
11) sack seedling cultivating substrate：It selects Chengmai soil moved in improve the original, burn soil, sand, phosphate fertilizer as base starting material, quality proportioning
It is 40:40:10-30:1-3；
12) sack seedling shades：The sunshade rate for selecting shading net is 50-70%；
13) sack seedling applies fertilizer：Transplanting starts after one month, applies disposable fertilizer every month；
14) sack seedling management：It is noted that keeping moisture sufficient in cultivating process, temperature height needs pour sack seedling daily
Water makes matrix keep moisture state；The later stage of seedling growth will control liquid manure, prevent undue growth from causing to wear root, spread on the ground
One layer of ground cloth (being layered below non-woven bag), running check wear root situation, move buta-buta sack seedling in time；Sack in order to prevent
Mutually shade between seedling, only cannot not grow tall longly thick, sack buta-buta seedling controls distance between rows and hills when putting, and carrying out pest and disease damage with reference to medicament prevents
It controls；
15) cultivation of sack seedling and management：It cultivates the sack seedling after half a year to be out of the garden, should pay attention to during being out of the garden：It carries
Before can not water, seedling is not directly carried in handling process, prevents from causing due to external force nursery stock soil ball to loosen, causes to hinder root, is influenced
Survival rate；Cave should have first been dug during kind, then has been scratched around non-woven fabrics and bottom, without sack of tearing, i.e. seedling, has been returned
Soil slightly covered non-woven bag, needed to irrigate root water (standard irrigated is that sack bottom has water exudation i.e. only) for the first time, greatly
Bag seed needs continuous 15 days or more to water to it after planting well.
The detailed process that step 1) is collected seed：Acquisition ripe jaundice in 10 years or more, the agalloch eaglewood seed whitened, together with fruit branch item
It adopts back together, is placed in shady and cool, ventilation, dry place；The seed natural cracking after 2-4 days, clear water impregnate 1-2 hour, then
It is sterilized with the potassium permanganate of 0.2-0.4%, then is rinsed well with clear water, dried and wait to sow.
The detailed process of step 2) preparing seedbed：It hoes up weeds, plough more than 20cm, is exposed to the sun 2-3 days, watering, by the soil of bulk
Earth is whole broken, and two parallel sidelines are hung in leveling, and the soil of seedbed both sides toward intermediate or both sides is turned over, seedbed height is made to reach 5-
10cm treads the soil around seedbed；0.2%-0.3% phoxim solution is spread into wet seedbed 0.5cm depths, film capping is tight
2-3 days, raise film drying more than 4h, make medicament volatilization clean, toward seedbed above put the mixture that depth is sandy soil and red soil
2-5cm, sandy soil and Red soil quality ratio are 5-7:The sieve that 5-3, sandy soil and loam cross aperture 0.5cm stirs evenly；0.2%-
0.3% liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling wetland 0.5cm is deep, is sowed after 1 day, needs to be sealed with film if without sowing, to prevent
Rainwater and air pollution.
The detailed process of step 3) sowing：Treated that seed is uniformly sown in the ready wet seedling of step 2) for step 1)
On bed, seed is closely coupled when broadcasting sowing, but is not overlapped, earthing, makes seed just capped.
The detailed process that step 4) takes shading net is：Bamboo arch is first costed on seedbed, then takes last layer shading net, it is rainy
When then need to cover film, prevent rainwash；Depending on weather condition morning, late water drenching, the moistening for keeping seedbed appropriate is (general
Matrix is caught with hand and then is firmly squeezed, water droplet can not squeezed with hand but palm moistening is criterion).
The detailed process that step 5) seedling is transplanted seedlings：When seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, start to transplant seedlings, pay attention to when transplanting seedlings
Bag is upright, seedling will insert straight, the native aperture that be compacted, a 3-6cm is made a call among container bag.
The detailed process of step 7) seedling fertilization strategy：Using composite fertilizer of 0.2-0.4% Norway solution per two weeks blade face
Sprinkling is primary.
The detailed process of step 8) seedling seedling management：In case of low temperature is less than 15 DEG C then plus arch, lid are thin in seedling raising process
Film is kept for 20-30 DEG C, and temperature rise throws off film higher than 30 DEG C, is such as encountered above wet weather for three days on end, also to be built film, protect
Both sides ventilation is held, rain stops throwing off film；If temperature is higher than 28 DEG C in seedling raising process, shading net, shading rate 50- should be put up in time
70%, while matrix is kept to moisten；After fertilising, should blade face be rinsed with water spray immediately, prevent burn seedlings；For the pipe of pest and disease damage
Reason, insect pest cypermethrin, disease are prevented with carbendazim.
A 8-12cm depth, and the hole identical with seedling container bag diameter are made a call to when step 10) sack seedling is transplanted seedlings on sack；Choosing
The a height of 30-50cm of optional seedlings, no disease and pests harm buta-buta seedling be transplanted in sack；It it is noted that should not be by seedling during transplanting
The soil of container bag is done to dissipate, and first both hands hold container bag with a firm grip, make the native balling-up in seedling container bag, then scratch seedling container bag,
And tear it down, soil ball is put into the hole accomplished fluently in advance, has covered soil, keep nursery stock upright, sprinkling profoundly water can (standard irrigated be
There is water exudation in sack bottom i.e. only).
The detailed process of step 13) sack seedling fertilising：Fertilizer is done using Wo Fute composite fertilizers, after transplanting one month, often
Disposable fertilizer is applied within a month, each dosage is 70-90g.
The detailed process of step 14) sack seedling management：Sack seedling is in cultivating process it is noted that keeping moisture sufficient, if positive
Light is larger, temperature needs watering daily higher than 28 DEG C, and matrix is made to keep moisture state, and the later stage of seedling growth will control liquid manure,
It prevents undue growth from causing to wear root, spreads one layer of ground cloth on the ground, running check to wear root situation, moves buta-buta sack in time
Seedling, distance between rows and hills when sack buta-buta seedling is put should be in more than 50cm*50cm；Cypermethrin is used for the prevention of insect pest,
The prevention of disease uses carbendazim or thiophanate methyl.
Step 15) sack seedling is cultivated and management detailed process：The sack seedling after half a year is cultivated to be out of the garden, it should during being out of the garden
It can not water before being somebody's turn to do note that carrying, seedling is not directly carried in handling process, the place of the handle on non-woven bag should be caught to carry out
Seedling is removed, prevents that nursery stock soil ball is caused to loosen due to external force, causes to hinder root, influence survival rate；Cave should have first been dug during kind,
It is scratched around non-woven fabrics with pocket knife again and bottom, without sack of tearing, you can seedling returns soil and slightly covered non-woven bag；The
Primary to need to irrigate root water (standard irrigated is that sack bottom has water exudation i.e. only), sack seed needs continuous 15 after planting well
It waters more than it to it, the time is before 9 points of every morning or after at 4 points in afternoon, not be directed at butt watering, standard
For every plant of 7.5-10Kg water.
The method that the present invention has developed a set of quick construction buta-buta artificial forest can reach survival rate height, when growing into forest
Between shorten 2-3, Edgeworthia chrysantha in advance greatly shortens the purpose of acquisition income time.
Description of the drawings
Comparison between Fig. 1 sack seedling difference sunshade rates.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is intended to further illustrate below in conjunction with specific embodiment, is not intended to limit the present invention.
1 materials and methods
1.1 material
Plant and reagent：Buta-buta seed, phoxim, potassium permanganate, carbendazim (active ingredient 50%), methyl support
Cloth Tianjin (active ingredient 70%, Qingdao Audis Bio ＆ Tech Co., Ltd.), hundred safe (active ingredient 60%, German BASF
Co., Ltd), effective cypermethrin (source pesticide Co., Ltd is contained in active ingredient 96%, Henan) etc..
Matrix and nutrient bag：Chengmai soil moved in improve the original (i.e. laterite), burns soil, sand, phosphate fertilizer (available phosphorus (P at coconut palm chaff2O5)≥
18%), plastic matrix bag, various models non-woven bag etc..
Tool and instrument：Shading net, tagout, marking pen, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground ruler, vernier caliper etc..
1.2 method
1.2.1 nutritional bag (seedling) Cultivating techniques
1.2.1.1 seed collecting and seed treatment
Acquire respectively 2 years, 6 years, 10 years, 14 years, the ripe jaundice of 18 years, the agalloch eaglewood seed whitened it is each several, together with
Fruit branch item is adopted back together, is placed in shady and cool, ventilation, dry place.The seed natural cracking after 2-4 days.It is each selection after cracking
300 seeds carry out Seed germination, are repeated 3 times.Seed clear water is impregnated into 1-2 hour, then disappeared with 0.2% potassium permanganate
Poison, then rinsed well with clear water, drying can sow.Number is AS-S1, AS-S2, AS-S3, AS-S4, AS-S5 respectively.
1.2.1.2 seedbed is done
It hoes up weeds, plough more than 20cm, is exposed to the sun 2-3 days, watering, and the soil of seedbed bulk is whole broken, leveling, and extension two is parallel
Sideline, the soil of seedbed both sides toward intermediate or both sides is turned over, seedbed height is made to step on the soil around seedbed up to 5-10cm
It is real.0.2%-0.3% phoxims are spread into wet seedbed 0.5cm or so with Water spray bucket, film covers tight 2-3 days, raises film and dry in the air
Shine about more than 4h, make medicament volatilization clean, toward seedbed above put sandy soil and red soil (5-7:5-3) 2-5cm, sandy soil and loam mistake
The sieve of aperture 0.5cm stirs evenly.Potassium permanganate 0.2%-0.3% sprinkling wetlands 0.5cm or so, can sow after 1 day, if not
It is sowed, needs to seal film, with rainwater-proof and air pollution.
1.2.1.3 sowing
Treated, and seed is uniformly sown on ready wet seedbed, and that broadcasts sowing is closely coupled with seed, but does not weigh
It is stacked as preferably, earthing, makes seed just capped.The seed of five groups of experiments is sowed respectively on 5 ridge seedbeds, every group of seed repeats
3 times, every group 300.It is marked with waddy and tagout.
1.2.1.4 shading net is taken
Bamboo arch is first costed on seedbed, then takes last layer shading net, Sometimes When It Rains then needs to cover film, prevents rainwater
Wash away.Depending on weather condition morning, late water drenching, the moistening for keeping seedbed appropriate.Every group of processing is all identical.
1.2.1.5 it transplants seedlings
When seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, start to transplant seedlings, notice that bag " will stand erectly ", seedling will be inserted and straight, native be pressed when transplanting seedlings
It is real.The aperture of a 3-6cm is made a call among container bag with chopsticks, is advisable with not nest root.
1.2.1.6 matrix
The influence that different matrix grows buta-buta is different.It selects Chengmai soil moved in improve the original (A), coconut palm chaff (B), burn native (C), phosphorus
Fertile (D) four kinds of different Light medias are as raw material, according to L9(34) orthogonal experiment meter principle, 4 factor of design, 3 horizontal experiment.If
Meter such as following table 1.1.
1.1 different substrates of table experiment proportioning orthogonal experiment factor level
Totally 9 groups of experiments, every group of experiment are repeated 10 times, and need 90 plants of agalloch eaglewood seedlings altogether.It waters, is irrigated immediately after seedling separation,
Twice daily once in the morning and once at night, a water can be poured daily after continuously pouring 7 days, 7 days.0.2%-0.5% is applied after two weeks to urinate
Element is sprayed using leaf seedling.A urea is applied every two weeks later, its height of seedling, ground diameter are measured after 3 months to judge various bases
The influence of confrontation buta-buta growth.
1.2.1.7 fertilization strategy
It is tested using urea, composite fertilizer of Norway, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, a fertilizer is applied per two weeks, it is a concentration of
0.3%.Investigate the influence that different fertilizer grows buta-buta seedling.
1.2.1.8 seedling management
In case of low temperature is less than 15 DEG C then plus arch, lid film, 20-30 DEG C of holding, temperature rise are higher than 30 in seedling raising process
DEG C film is thrown off, such as encounter above overcast and rainy for three days on end, also built film, keep both sides ventilation, rain stops throwing off film；If
Temperature is higher than 28 DEG C in seedling raising process, and since non-woven bag seedling is breathed freely, permeable, matrix is loose, water evaporation quantity is big, along with white
Its sunlight is bigger, should put up shading net, shading rate 50-70% in time, while matrix is kept to moisten.Once nursery stock withers
Symptom be then difficult to restore or directly result in death.After fertilising, should blade face be rinsed with water spray immediately, prevent burn seedlings.For
The management of pest and disease damage, insect pest usable highly effective cypermethrin, disease can be prevented with carbendazim etc..
1.2.2 the cultivation of sack seedling
1.2.2.1 the selection of sack specification
According to the size of nursery stock, the speed for wearing root, the survival rate of nursery stock and the needs in market, to determine sack seedling sack
The selection of specification.
1.2.2.2 it transplants seedlings
First matrix will be filled in bulk container bag, under then gently weighing two in the hand, matrix is made slightly to sink, fill compacting, keep big
Bag is upright.The hole of an about 8-12cm depth is made a call on bulk container bag with the waddy identical with seedling container bag diameter.Selection
Height of seedling is about 40cm or so, the buta-buta seedling of no disease and pests harm is transplanted in sack.It it is noted that should not will be small during transplanting
The soil of container bag is done to dissipate.First both hands hold container bag with a firm grip, make the native balling-up in small container bag, then scratch plastic containers with pocket knife
Bag, and tear it down.Soil ball is put into the hole accomplished fluently in advance, has covered soil, kept nursery stock upright, sprinkle profoundly water.
1.2.2.3 matrix
In view of sack seedling is permeable, permeability and its cost problem, selects Chengmai soil moved in improve the original, burn soil, sand, phosphate fertilizer work
For base starting material.According to L9(34) orthogonal experiment meter principle, 4 factor of design, 3 horizontal experiment.Design such as following table 1.2.
1.2 different substrates of table experiment proportioning orthogonal experiment factor level
Totally 9 groups of experiments, every group of experiment are repeated 10 times, and need 90 plants of buta-buta seedlings altogether.Select height of seedling about 40cm or so, nothing
The buta-buta seedling of pest and disease damage carries out sack seedling cultural aim, and the specification of non-woven bag is 18*20.A potassium sulfate is applied every month to answer
Hefei.A water is poured daily, matrix is made to keep moisture state.The height of seedling and ground diameter of nursery stock are measured after half a year, determines optimum substrate
Proportioning.
1.2.2.4 shading
The excessively high jaundice or even death that can all lead to buta-buta sack seedling of sunlight foot or temperature excessively.Cultivate sack seedling
Process needs to carry out shading treatment to buta-buta, and the influence that the size of sunshade rate grows buta-buta is bigger.Select different screenings
The shading net of positive rate studies its relationship grown with buta-buta, respectively takes the buta-buta sack seedling that 100 plants of growing ways are substantially similar, respectively
Using do not shade, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% shading treatment, survival rate, the seedling of nursery stock are measured after 3 months
High, ground diameter is as evaluation index.Determine best sunshade rate.
1.2.2.5 sack seedling applies fertilizer
For quickly breeding buta-buta sack seedling, tested using Wo Fute composite fertilizers, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, urea,
After transplanting one month, disposable fertilizer is applied every month, each dosage is 80g.Investigate what different fertilizer grew buta-buta sack seedling
It influences.
1.2.2.6 sack seedling management
Sack seedling is in cultivating process it is noted that keeping moisture sufficient, if sunlight is larger, the watering daily of the higher needs of temperature.
Matrix is made to keep moisture state.The later stage of seedling growth will control liquid manure, prevent undue growth from causing to wear root.One layer is spread on the ground
Ground cloth, running check to wear root situation, moves buta-buta sack seedling in time.The growth of sack buta-buta seedling is very fast, to prevent sack
Mutually shade between seedling, only cannot not grow tall longly thick, distance between rows and hills when putting should be advisable in more than 50cm*50cm.For insect pest
Effective cypermethrin may be used in prevention, and carbendazim, thiophanate methyl etc. may be used in the prevention of disease.
1.2.3 the cultivation of sack seedling and management
Cultivating the sack seedling after half a year can be out of the garden, it should be noted that can not water before carrying during being out of the garden, handling process
In not directly carry seedling, the place of the handle on non-woven bag should be caught to carry out removing seedling, prevent from leading to nursery stock soil ball due to external force
It loosens, causes to hinder root, influence survival rate.Cave should have first been dug during kind, then has been scratched around non-woven fabrics with pocket knife and bottom
Portion, without sack of tearing, you can seedling, return soil is advisable with slightly covering non-woven bag.It needs to irrigate root water for the first time.Sack
Seed needs continuously to water to it after planting well, and time and the sack shoot survival percent of watering have very big relationship.
2 results and analysis
2.1 bag containing soilless substrate seedlings are cultivated
2.1.1 bud ratio
By the way that the seed at the different age of stands is selected to study its germination percentage, as a result such as following table 2.1：
The bud ratio of the different age of stand agalloch eaglewood seeds of table 2.1 compares
| Number | The age of stand | Average bud ratio |
| AS-S1 | 2 | 78.19% ± 3.16% |
| AS-S2 | 6 | 82.43% ± 2.47% |
| AS-S3 | 10 | 91.67% ± 2.21% |
| AS-S4 | 14 | 92.09% ± 3.82% |
| AS-S5 | 18 | 91.25% ± 3.48% |
The age of stand can reach more than 90% in the bud ratio of the seed of 10 years or more it can be seen from table 2.1, so we
The ripe seed that the age of stand is adopted in the buta-buta knot of 10 years or more carries out nursery.
2.1.2 the proportioning of matrix
Using Chengmai soil moved in improve the original (A), coconut palm chaff (B), native (C), phosphate fertilizer (D) progress nursery orthogonal experiment are burnt, according to L9(34) just
Hand over experiment meter principle, 4 factor of design, 3 horizontal experiment.As a result such as following table 2.2.
The experimental program and result of 2.2 buta-buta seedling seedling medium difference factor level of table
Very poor maximum (R=1.90, the r=0.07) of factor B, illustrates life of the coconut palm chaff to suspension culture of Aquilaria sinensis it can be seen from table 2.2
Length is affected, and is most important factor, is secondly factor A Chengmais soil moved in improve the original (R=0.98, r=0.04).Factor C's and D is very poor
Less.By table it can be seen that its optimal level combines A1B3C1D1, the proportioning of suitable Light media is Chengmai soil moved in improve the original：Coconut palm chaff：It burns
Soil：Phosphate fertilizer=40:30:10-30:1-3.
2.1.3 the selection of fertilizer
By selecting different fertilizer, its influence result such as following table 2.3 grown to buta-buta seedling is studied.
The influence that 2.3 different fertilizer of table grows buta-buta seedling
152.80% and 123.08% are increased respectively using height of seedling after Norway and ground diameter it can be seen from table 2.3, are all compared
The effect of other two kinds of fertilizer is well very much.
2.2 sack seedling nursery
2.2.1 the selection of sack specification
In order to preferably utilize nursery soil, seedling cost is more saved, investigates the suitable container bag specification of different seedling ages, is tied
Fruit such as following table 2.4.
The specification of the suitable non-woven bag of the different seedling ages of table 2.4
If by table 2.4 it is found that cultivating nothing of the sack seedling available sizes in (15~25) cm* (15~25) cm of semi-annual
Woven fabric bag；If cultivate non-woven bag of 1 year raw sack seedling available sizes in (25~35) cm* (25~35) cm；If training
Educate non-woven bag of the raw sack seedling available sizes of 1-2 in (35~45) cm* (35~45) cm.Can save in this way sack into
This, can also ensure survival rate well.
2.2.2 the proportioning of matrix
Using Chengmai soil moved in improve the original, soil, sand, phosphate fertilizer progress nursery orthogonal experiment are burnt, according to L9(34) orthogonal experiment meter original
Reason, 4 factor of design, 3 horizontal experiment.As a result such as following table 2.5.
The experimental program and result of 2.5 buta-buta sack seedling seedling medium difference factor level of table
Very poor maximum (R=8.51, the r=0.23) of factor B it can be seen from table 2.5, illustrates to burn soil to suspension culture of Aquilaria sinensis
Growth effect is larger, is most important factor, is secondly factor A Chengmais soil moved in improve the original (R=3.23, r=0.06).The pole of factor C and D
It is poor little.By table it can be seen that its optimal level combines A1B3C3D3, the proportioning of suitable Light media is Chengmai soil moved in improve the original：Burn soil：
Sand：Phosphate fertilizer=40:40:10-30:1-3.
2.2.3 the selection of shading net
The growth of buta-buta early period, which carries out appropriate shading, can improve the speed of growth of nursery stock, investigate in different shading rates
Under conditions of, the variation of buta-buta height of seedling and ground diameter before and after shading, concrete outcome such as following table 2.6.
The influence that the different sunshade rates of table 2.6 grow buta-buta
As the raising of sunshade rate, survival rate constantly increase it can be seen from table 2.6, there are one first for height of seedling and ground diameter
The trend reduced after rising, comprehensive the two consider such as Fig. 1 is made.
When not taking shading measure it can be seen from table 2.6, Fig. 1, the height of seedling of buta-buta, ground diameter, survival rate are all significantly low
In other shading treatment groups.Wherein sunshade rate effect at 60.00% is best, and height of seedling, ground diameter, survival rate, which have all reached, compares reason
It is thinking as a result, respectively 76.33cm, 1.15cm, 95.19%.Suitable sunshade rate is between 50-70%.Height of seedling increases ratio all
More than 75%.
2.2.4 the selection of fertilizer
In order to promote the fast-growth of sack seedling, using different fertilizer, effect differs greatly.This experiment using urea,
Wo Fute, compound potassium sulfate fertilizer are compared, as a result such as following table 2.7.
The influence that 2.7 different fertilizer of table grows buta-buta seedling
It is all the largest, respectively reaches using the raising to height of seedling and ground diameter of Wo Fute it can be seen from table 2.7
170.23%th, 149.23%, it is significantly higher than other each groups.
2.3 sack seedlings are cultivated and management
Hainan tropical, daily evaporation amount are especially big.Continuous watering is needed for the buta-buta sack seedling just planted, is poured
The time length of water has very big relationship with the survival rate of sack seedling.Investigate influence of the time continuously watered to survival rate, knot
Fruit such as following table 2.8.
Influence of the time that table 2.8 continuously waters to buta-buta shoot survival percent
| 7 days | 10 days | 15 days | 20 days | 30 days | |
| Survival rate | 85.15% | 88.32% | 96.86% | 98.22% | 98.18% |
The continuous watering 15 days or more it can be seen from table 2.8, the survival rate of buta-buta sack seedling can reach 95% with
On.
3 conclusions are with discussing
It collects seed：Acquisition ripe jaundice in 10 years or more, the agalloch eaglewood seed whitened, together with fruit branch item adopt back, are placed in the moon together
Cool, ventilation, dry place.The seed natural cracking after 2-4 days.Clear water impregnates 1-2 hour, then the height with 0.2-0.4%
Potassium manganate sterilizes, then is rinsed well with clear water, and drying can sow.
Seedbed：It hoes up weeds, plough more than 20cm, is exposed to the sun 2-3 days, watering, and the soil of seedbed bulk is whole broken, and leveling hangs two
The soil of seedbed both sides toward intermediate or both sides is turned over, makes seedbed height up to 5-10cm, by the soil around seedbed by the parallel sideline of item
Earth is treaded.0.2%-0.3% phoxims are spread into wet seedbed 0.5cm or so with Water spray bucket, film is covered tight 2-3 days, raised thin
Film dries about more than 4h, makes medicament volatilization clean, toward seedbed above put sandy soil and red soil (5-7:5-3) 2-5cm, sandy soil and earth
The sieve that soil crosses aperture 0.5cm stirs evenly.Potassium permanganate 0.2%-0.4% sprinkling wetlands 0.5cm or so, can sow after 1 day,
It needs to seal film if without sowing, with rainwater-proof and air pollution.
Sowing：Treated, and seed is uniformly sown on ready wet seedbed, and that broadcasts sowing is closely coupled with seed, but
Not being overlapped is advisable, earthing, makes seed just capped.
Take shading net：Bamboo arch is first costed on seedbed, then takes last layer shading net, Sometimes When It Rains then needs to cover thin
Film prevents rainwash.Depending on weather condition morning, late water drenching, the moistening for keeping seedbed appropriate.It transplants seedlings：It is true that 2-3 pieces are grown in seedling
When leaf, start to transplant seedlings, notice that bag " will stand erectly ", seedling will be inserted and straight, native is compacted when transplanting seedlings.It is beaten among container bag with chopsticks
The aperture of one 3-6cm is advisable with not nest root.
Matrix：It selects Chengmai soil moved in improve the original (A), coconut palm chaff (B), burn four kinds of native (C), phosphate fertilizer (D) different Light medias as original
Material, ratio 40:30:10-30:1-3.
Fertilization strategy：Fertilizer, foliage spray are applied per two weeks using 0.2-0.4% Norway.
Seedling management：In seedling raising process such as low temperature less than 15 DEG C then plus arch, lid film, is kept for 20-30 DEG C, in temperature
It increases and throws off film in 30 DEG C, such as encounter above wet weather for three days on end, also to build film, keep both sides ventilation, rain stops throwing off thin
Film；If temperature is higher than 28 DEG C in seedling raising process, since non-woven bag seedling is breathed freely, permeable, matrix is loose, water evaporation quantity is big,
Along with sunlight on daytime is bigger, shading net should be put up in time, while matrix is kept to moisten.Once there is withered symptom in nursery stock
It is then difficult to restore or directly result in death.After fertilising, should blade face be rinsed with water spray immediately, prevent burn seedlings.For pest and disease damage
Management, insect pest usable highly effective cypermethrin, disease can be prevented with carbendazim etc..
Sack specification：According to the size of nursery stock, the speed for wearing root, the survival rate of nursery stock and the needs in market, determine big
The selection of bag seedling sack specification.If cultivate nothing of the sack seedling available sizes in (15~25) cm* (15~25) cm of semi-annual
Woven fabric bag；If cultivate non-woven bag of 1 year raw sack seedling available sizes in (25~35) cm* (25~35) cm；If training
Educate non-woven bag of the raw sack seedling available sizes of 1-2 in (35~45) cm* (35~45) cm.Can save in this way sack into
This, can also ensure survival rate well.
It transplants seedlings：First matrix will be filled in bulk container bag, under then gently weighing two in the hand, matrix is made slightly to sink, fill compacting, protected
It is upright to hold sack.The hole of an about 8-12cm depth is made a call on bulk container bag with the waddy identical with small container bag diameter.Choosing
The a height of 30-50cm of optional seedlings, no disease and pests harm buta-buta seedling be transplanted in sack.It it is noted that should not be by little Rong during transplanting
The soil of device bag is done to dissipate.First both hands hold container bag with a firm grip, make the native balling-up in small container bag, then scratch plastic containers with pocket knife
Bag, and tear it down.Soil ball is put into the hole accomplished fluently in advance, has covered soil, kept nursery stock upright, sprinkle profoundly water.
Matrix：In view of sack seedling is permeable, permeability and its cost problem, select Chengmai soil moved in improve the original, burn soil, sand,
Phosphate fertilizer is as base starting material.Optimum proportioning is 40:40:10-30:1-3.
Shading：The excessively high jaundice or even death that can all lead to buta-buta sack seedling of sunlight foot or temperature excessively.Cultivate sack
The process of seedling needs to carry out shading treatment to buta-buta, and the influence that the size of sunshade rate grows buta-buta is bigger.Selection hides
The sunshade rate of screened negative is 50-70%.
Sack seedling applies fertilizer：For quickly breeding buta-buta sack seedling, fertilizer is done using Wo Fute, after transplanting one month,
Apply disposable fertilizer every month, each dosage is 70-90g.
Sack seedling management：Sack seedling is in cultivating process it is noted that keeping moisture sufficient, if sunlight is larger, the higher need of temperature
It to water daily.Matrix is made to keep moisture state.The later stage of seedling growth will control liquid manure, prevent undue growth from causing to wear bag.
One layer of ground cloth is spread on the ground, and running check to wear a bag situation, moves buta-buta sack seedling in time.Sack buta-buta seedling growth compared with
Soon, it to prevent from mutually shading between sack seedling, only cannot not grow tall longly thick, distance between rows and hills when putting should be in more than 50cm*50cm
Preferably.Effective cypermethrin may be used for the prevention of insect pest, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl etc. may be used in the prevention of disease.
Sack seedling is cultivated and management：Cultivating the sack seedling after half a year can be out of the garden, during being out of the garden it should be noted that before carrying
It can not water, seedling is not directly carried in handling process, the place of the handle on non-woven bag should be caught to carry out removing seedling, prevent because outer
Power and cause nursery stock soil ball loosen, cause to hinder root, influence survival rate.Cave should be first dug, then scratched with pocket knife during kind
Around non-woven fabrics and bottom, without sack of tearing, you can seedling, return soil is advisable with slightly covering non-woven bag.It needs for the first time
Root water (standard irrigated is that sack bottom has water exudation i.e. only) is irrigated, sack seed needs continuous 15 days or more after planting well
It waters to it, the time is every plant before 9 points of every morning or after at 4 points in afternoon, not to be directed at butt watering, standard
7.5-10Kg water becomes slowly being advisable to pour to water penetration speed.More than 98% survival rate can be reached.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that buta-buta is quickly afforested, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) it collects seed：10 years or more ripe agalloch eaglewood seeds are acquired, seed natural cracking is treated in ventilation, drying, and clear water impregnates, disinfection,
It rinses well, dries and wait to sow；
2) seedbed arranges：It hoes up weeds, plough, be exposed to the sun, sprinkle water, soil is whole broken, and leveling forms seedbed, and soil spreads pesticides agent desinsection, medicine
After agent volatilization is clean, toward seedbed above put sandy soil and red soil, i.e. for sowing after potassium permanganate spray disinfectant, as temporarily without
Sowing then needs to be sealed with film, with rainwater-proof and air pollution；
3) it sows：Treated that seed is uniformly sown in earthing on the ready seedbed of step 2) for step 1)；
4) shading net is taken：Arched shed is first taken on seedbed for shading, Sometimes When It Rains then needs to cover film, prevents rushing for rainwater
Brush；Depending on weather condition morning, late water drenching, seedbed moistening is kept；
5) seedling is transplanted seedlings：When seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, start to transplant seedlings, be punched among container bag, prevent not nest
Root；
6) seedling cultivation by setting seedlings matrix：It selects Chengmai soil moved in improve the original, coconut palm chaff, burn four kinds of soil, phosphate fertilizer Light medias as raw material, quality
Ratio is 40:30:10-30:1-3；
7) seedling fertilization strategy：A foliar fertilizer is sprayed per two weeks；
8) seedling seedling management：In case of low temperature then adds arch, lid film in seedling raising process, temperature rise throws off film；Such as encounter
Film is built in cloudy weather for several days running day, keeps both sides ventilation, and rain stops throwing off film；If temperature is high in seedling raising process, shading is put up in time
Net keeps matrix moistening；After fertilising, blade face is rinsed with water spray immediately, prevents burn seedlings；The prevention of pest and disease damage is carried out with reference to medicament
Management；Seedling length starts to be transplanted to sack to 30-50cm high；
9) the sack specification that sack seedling is cultivated：According to the size of nursery stock, the speed for wearing root, the survival rate of nursery stock and the need in market
Will, determine the selection of sack seedling sack specification；If the sack seedling specification of semi-annual is cultivated in (15~25) cm* (15~25)
The non-woven bag of cm；If cultivate non-woven bag of 1 year raw sack seedling specification in (25~35) cm* (25~35) cm；Such as
Fruit cultivates non-woven bag of the raw sack seedling specifications of 1-2 in (35~45) cm* (35~45) cm；
10) sack seedling is transplanted seedlings：Matrix compacting will be first filled in sack, make a call on sack one it is identical with seedling container bag diameter
Hole；The buta-buta seedling of removal seedling container bag is transplanted to the hole accomplished fluently in advance together with the culture substrate in seedling container bag together
In, soil has been covered, has kept nursery stock upright, sprinkles profoundly water；
11) sack seedling cultivating substrate：It selects Chengmai soil moved in improve the original, burn soil, sand, phosphate fertilizer as base starting material, quality proportioning 40:
40:10-30:1-3；
12) sack seedling shades：The sunshade rate for selecting shading net is 50%-70%；
13) sack seedling applies fertilizer：Transplanting starts after one month, applies disposable fertilizer every month；
14) sack seedling management：For sack seedling it is noted that keeping moisture sufficient in cultivating process, temperature height needs watering daily, makes
Matrix keeps moisture state；The later stage of seedling growth will control liquid manure, prevent undue growth from causing to wear root, spread one layer of ground on the ground
Root situation is worn in cloth, running check, moves buta-buta sack seedling in time；Mutually shade between sack seedling in order to prevent, only grow tall not
Long thick, sack buta-buta seedling controls distance between rows and hills when putting, and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is carried out with reference to medicament；
15) cultivation of sack seedling and management：It cultivates the sack seedling after half a year to be out of the garden, should pay attention to during being out of the garden：Before carrying not
It can water, seedling is not directly carried in handling process, prevent that nursery stock soil ball is caused to loosen due to external force, cause to hinder root, influence to survive
Rate；Cave should have first been dug during kind, then has been scratched around non-woven fabrics and bottom, without sack of tearing, i.e. seedling, has returned soil slightly
It is micro- to cover non-woven bag, it needs to irrigate root water for the first time, sack seed needs continuous 15 days or more to pour it after planting well
Water.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The detailed process that step 1) is collected seed：Acquisition ripe jaundice in 10 years or more, the agalloch eaglewood seed whitened, together with fruit branch item together
It adopts back, is placed in shady and cool, ventilation, dry place；The seed natural cracking after 2-4 days, clear water impregnates 1-2 hour, then uses
The potassium permanganate disinfection of 0.2-0.4%, then rinsed well with clear water, it dries and waits to sow；
The detailed process of step 2) preparing seedbed：It hoes up weeds, plough more than 20cm, is exposed to the sun 2-3 days, watering, and the soil of bulk is whole
Broken, two parallel sidelines are hung in leveling, and the soil of seedbed both sides is turned over toward intermediate or both sides, make seedbed height up to 5-10cm, will
Soil around seedbed is treaded；0.2%-0.3% phoxim solution is spread into wet seedbed 0.5cm depths, film covers tight 2-3 days,
Raise film drying more than 4h, make medicament volatilization clean, toward seedbed above put the mixture 2-5cm that depth is sandy soil and red soil,
Sandy soil and Red soil quality ratio are 5-7:The sieve that 5-3, sandy soil and loam cross aperture 0.5cm stirs evenly；0.2%-0.3% Gao Meng
Sour potassium solution sprinkling wetland 0.5cm is deep, is sowed after 1 day, needs to be sealed with film if without sowing, with rainwater-proof and air
Pollution；
The detailed process of step 3) sowing：Treated that seed is uniformly sown in the ready wet seedbed of step 2) for step 1)
On, seed is closely coupled when broadcasting sowing, but is not overlapped, earthing, makes seed just capped.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The detailed process that step 4) takes shading net is：Bamboo arch is first costed on seedbed, then takes last layer shading net, Sometimes When It Rains
It then needs to cover film, prevents rainwash；Depending on weather condition morning, late water drenching, seedbed moistening is kept.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The detailed process that step 5) seedling is transplanted seedlings：When seedling grows 2-3 piece true leaves, start to transplant seedlings, notice that bag will when transplanting seedlings
Uprightly, seedling will insert straight, the native aperture that be compacted, a 3-6cm is made a call among container bag.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The detailed process of step 7) seedling fertilization strategy：Using composite fertilizer of 0.2-0.4% Norway solution per two weeks foliage spray
Once.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The detailed process of step 8) seedling seedling management：In case of low temperature then adds arch, lid film, guarantor less than 15 DEG C in seedling raising process
20-30 DEG C is held, temperature rise throws off film higher than 30 DEG C, such as encounters above wet weather for three days on end, also to build film, keep two
Side is divulged information, and rain stops throwing off film；If temperature is higher than 28 DEG C in seedling raising process, shading net, shading rate 50%- should be put up in time
70%, while matrix is kept to moisten；After fertilising, should blade face be rinsed with water spray immediately, prevent burn seedlings；For the pipe of pest and disease damage
Reason, insect pest cypermethrin, disease are prevented with carbendazim.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
A 8-12cm depth, and the hole identical with seedling container bag diameter are made a call to when step 10) sack seedling is transplanted seedlings on sack；Select seedling
A height of 30-50cm, no disease and pests harm buta-buta seedling be transplanted in sack；It it is noted that should not be by seedling container during transplanting
The soil of bag is done to dissipate, and first both hands hold container bag with a firm grip, make the native balling-up in seedling container bag, then scratch seedling container bag, and tear
Get off, soil ball is put into the hole accomplished fluently in advance, covered soil, keep nursery stock upright, sprinkle profoundly water.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The detailed process of step 13) sack seedling fertilising：Fertilizer is done using Wo Fute composite fertilizers, after transplanting one month, every month
Disposable fertilizer is applied, each dosage is 70-90g.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
The detailed process of step 14) sack seedling management：Sack seedling in cultivating process it is noted that keep moisture sufficient, if sunlight compared with
Greatly, temperature needs watering daily higher than 28 DEG C, and matrix is made to keep moisture state, and the later stage of seedling growth will control liquid manure, prevent
Undue growth causes to wear root, spreads one layer of ground cloth on the ground, running check to wear root situation, moves buta-buta sack seedling in time, greatly
Distance between rows and hills when bag buta-buta seedling is put should be in more than 50cm*50cm；Cypermethrin is used for the prevention of insect pest, disease
Prevention is using carbendazim or thiophanate methyl.
10. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that,
Step 15) sack seedling is cultivated and management detailed process：It cultivates the sack seedling after half a year to be out of the garden, should be noted during being out of the garden
Meaning, can not water before carrying, seedling is not directly carried in handling process, the place of the handle on non-woven bag should be caught to be removed
Seedling prevents that nursery stock soil ball is caused to loosen due to external force, causes to hinder root, influence survival rate；Cave should have first been dug during kind, then
It is scratched around non-woven fabrics with pocket knife and bottom, without sack of tearing, you can seedling returns soil and slightly covered non-woven bag；First
Secondary to need to irrigate root water, sack seed needs continuous 15 days or more to water to it after planting well, and the time is 9 points of every morning
After preceding or at 4 points in afternoon, butt watering is not directed at, standard is every plant of 7.5-10Kg water.
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| CN104996155A (en) * | 2015-08-08 | 2015-10-28 | 龚卫新 | Method for cultivating seedlings of agalloch eaglewood |
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| CN101627691A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2010-01-20 | 盈江县和鑫进出口贸易有限责任公司 | Method for seedling nursing and cultivation of blinding trees |
| CN104996155A (en) * | 2015-08-08 | 2015-10-28 | 龚卫新 | Method for cultivating seedlings of agalloch eaglewood |
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