CN104025829A - Planting and cultivating method for pinus sylvestris - Google Patents
Planting and cultivating method for pinus sylvestris Download PDFInfo
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- CN104025829A CN104025829A CN201310070336.0A CN201310070336A CN104025829A CN 104025829 A CN104025829 A CN 104025829A CN 201310070336 A CN201310070336 A CN 201310070336A CN 104025829 A CN104025829 A CN 104025829A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting and cultivating method for pinus sylvestris. The seed germination acceleration thereof lies that the prepared seeds are cleaned, then disinfected for 2 hours by 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, after being cleaned, the seeds are soaked for 30-48 hours, after that, the seeds are uniformly paved on a mat (fine sieve), with a thickness of 10 cm, the germination acceleration is carried out in a room, the humidity of the seeds needs to be kept, the seeds with a high germination power start to crack after 48 hours, and sowing can be carried out after 1/3 seeds crack; during sowing, the seeds are divided into equal parts according to the quantity of beds, one part of the seeds is sowed in each bed, the divided seeds are uniformly sowed on the surfaces of the beds, and then suppressed and coated with sand (with a thickness of 0.5cm), then 25% nitrofen emulsion with a concentration of 20 times solution is sprayed, and 180m<2> of a seedbed can be sprayed by 15kg medicine solution, after seedling culture is finished, water is irrigated twice (by spray irrigation, or by a watering can), and uniform seedlings can occur in 7-10 days. According to the planting and cultivating method for pinus sylvestris disclosed by the invention, the planting and cultivating efficiency for pinus sylvestris is increased from the technical links of nursery land selection, bed production, sowing, field management, cold protection and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field, be specially a kind of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation breeding method.
Background technology
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is the geographical variety of Lapland pine, in China's natural distribution, in Western Inner Mongolia and height above sea level 300-900 meter district, the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Heilongjiang sand ground, has pinus sylvestris var. mongolica woods, and journey island distributes, and also there is distribution in the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains.This seeds strong adaptability, happiness light, cold-resistant, drought resisting, the not resistance to shade of seedling.Deep-rootedness, not tight to soil requirement, but at marshland, chaor undergrowth.Happiness acid ground.Pinus Silvestris Var. Mongolica Plantation all has distribution in " three Norths " area, and especially Sha grows fine in district.The present invention mainly from selecting ground, garden, make bed, sowing, field management, the sport technique segment such as cold-proof start with pinus sylvestris var. mongolica grown seedlings, implantation methods is tested, phasic results have been obtained, through 5 years introduce a fine variety, afforestation and seedling growth test, in Chuan Yuan irrigated area, subhumid and arid and semi-arid district establish altogether and introduce a fine variety, afforestation, seedling growth test, builds pilot forest.From relation, the soil liquid manure of morphological feature, phenophase, adaptability, amount of growth, year growth rhythm, Root Distribution and overground part amount of growth, started with in the aspects such as impact of amount of growth, analyzed adaptability and the growth performance of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Different climate type district.Different Altitude, the high amount of growth of Different climate type district pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, the observational study of breast diameter growth amount and the research of Underground biomass, amount of growth, basal area and aerial growth magnitude relation have been carried out.Carried out that greenhouse tree seedling is transplanted in greenhouse and the test of field-transplanting storage rate.Observe and having drawn the pinus sylvestris var. mongolica top tip summit of growth phase, First Observation is under irrigation condition at home, and twice summit of growth appears in the growth of the top tip.Through studies confirm that pinus sylvestris var. mongolica have cold-resistant, drought resisting, growth rapidly, the growth characteristic such as disease and insect resistance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to through the observational study of Different Altitude, the high amount of growth of Different climate type district pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, breast diameter growth amount and Underground biomass, growing state observation, from relation, the impact research of soil liquid manure on amount of growth of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica morphological feature, phenophase, adaptability, amount of growth, year growth rhythm, Root Distribution and overground part amount of growth, solution pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation survival rate is low, growth rate slow and the problem of the cold-proof feelings of surviving the winter.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is specific as follows:
1, presprouting of seeds
Ready seed is cleaned, then use 0.5% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 2 hours.After cleaning up, soak seed 30-48 hour.After soaking well, seed is evenly spread to, thickness 10cm upper at mat (dusting cover), in indoor vernalization, and note keeping seed humidity.The seed that germination force is high started to split mouth after 48 hours, had treated that 1/3 seed splits mouth and can sow.Cultivate the pinus sylvestris var. mongolica transplant amount of sowing at 14-16kg mu (300,000 plants/acre of output of seedling), within 5 days, carry out prior to seeding seed treatment.
2, seedling-cultivating method
Quantity by bed is divided into equal portions by seed, every portion, then the seed having divided is evenly broadcast on bed surface, broadcast rear suppression, cover sand (thickness 0.5cm), note sand uniformity, make to emerge neat.Then, spray 25% nitrofen emulsion, concentration is 20 times of liquid, and 15kg liquid can spray seedbed 180m2.Straw (moisturizing, windproof) is overlying on to bed equably upper, nails in bed timber, ready straw rope is tied up to and on timber, pushes down straw.Finally, with wooden hook, catch on straw rope and be inserted on bed surface, after growing seedlings, water twice water (with sprinkling irrigation, watering can all can), within 7-10 days, get final product tidy seedlings output.
3, survive the winter cold-proof
Because northern area easily causes physiological drought early spring, so must carry out cold-proof work, the time is before the earth at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month is freeze-up.First will fill with the water of surviving the winter, fetch earth in the middle of the pavement ditch nursery stock with on earth mulch, thickness is in 10cm left and right, and four limits make real, and nursery stock can not be outside exposed.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is in Different Altitude, Different climate type district, grasped observational study and Underground biomass, amount of growth, basal area and the aerial growth magnitude relation of the high amount of growth of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, breast diameter growth amount.Greenhouse tree seedling being transplanted in greenhouse and the test of field-transplanting storage rate, drawn the pinus sylvestris var. mongolica top tip summit of growth phase, observe under irrigation condition, there is twice summit of growth in the growth of the top tip.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further in conjunction with forest farm, Gansu.
Example 1, a kind of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation breeding method.
1. garden ground is selected and is done a garden and should be selected in well-ventilated, and physical features is smooth, be easy to excretion, loosing soil, fertile neutral soil, and front stubble is legume preferably, and the regional surrounding that dust storm is large should have wind break.After selecting to garden, every mu applies barnyard manure 3000kg, the peat composed of rotten mosses 15m3 becoming thoroughly decomposed, and then ploughs deeply, harrows thin, leveling.Treat, about April 25, to make wide 1m long 20m, the north and south bed of high 10cm (it is less that north and south bed is injured by solar radiation after surviving the winter).
2. the preparation before sowing
2.1 presprouting of seeds
Cultivate the pinus sylvestris var. mongolica transplant amount of sowing in 14-16kg mu (300,000 plants/acre of output of seedling), prior to seeding 5 days march seed treatment.First, ready seed is cleaned, then use 0.5% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 2 hours.After cleaning up, soak seed 30-48 hour.After soaking well, seed is evenly spread to, thickness 10cm upper at mat (dusting cover), in indoor vernalization, now note keeping seed humidity.The general high seed of germination force started to split mouth after 48 hours, had treated that 1/3 seed splits mouth and can sow.
2.2 other preparations
2.2.1 straw 3 bundle/20m2(bundle stem 30-40cm shade)
2.2.2 25% nitrofen 4-5g/m2
2.2.3 cover kind of fine sand 0.The also available sawdust replacement of area that 1m/20m2(dust storm is little)
2.2.4 4/20m2 of straw rope 42m/20m22.2.5 timber is used for fixedly straw rope, generally long 30cm, thick 4cm.
2.2.6 wooden hook 6-8/20m2, for catch on straw rope on bed surface, the general linden doubling that is cut into 25cm after soaking with raw thinner then poplar cutting, wood hook
3. sowing
Sowing generally, at the beginning of 5 months, should be avoided wind and rain day, so that production operation.First, by the quantity of bed, seed is divided into equal portions, every portion, then the seed having divided is evenly broadcast on bed surface, broadcast rear suppression, cover sand (thickness 0.5cm), must note sand uniformity, make to emerge neat.Then, spray 25% nitrofen emulsion, concentration is 20 times of liquid, and 15kg liquid can spray seedbed 180m2.Straw (moisturizing, windproof) is overlying on to bed equably upper, nails in bed timber, ready straw rope is tied up to and on timber, pushes down straw.Finally, with wooden hook, catch on straw rope and be inserted on bed surface, sow complete.After broadcasting, water twice water (with sprinkling irrigation, watering can all can), generally within 7-10 days, get final product tidy seedlings output.
4. field management
4.1 disease control
The pinus sylvestris var. mongolica common disease of growing seedlings is mainly one year seedling damping off, and period of disease is mainly in 6-8 month.Diseases prevention principle is that anti-overweighting controlled.Can start removing careless second day, within the 7th day, spray a 45% fenaminosulf wettable powder, continuous 3 times, concentration is 30 times of liquid, and formulation rate is 15kg/360m2.After, depending on weather conditions every 7-10 days, spray methine mop Tianjin pulvis, concentration is 60 times of liquid, dose is the same, until at the beginning of 9 months, can effectively control disease and occur.
4.2 weeding
Principle is that chemical weed control and artificial weeding combine, and has accomplished that grass just removes.Specific practice is: remove after grass, spray immediately nitrofen emulsion, dose is 5g/m2, waters immediately washing seedling after dispenser, can guarantee that seedbed 40 days is without weeds.Seedling when growing up can be from work weeding.
4.3 fertilising
About mid-June, seedling has grown one-level lateral root, at this moment Lu that needs to apply fertilizer plants as sulfuric acid amine (can reduce matrix ph) value), fertilizing amount is 2500g/108m2, concrete grammar is: sulfuric acid amine water-soluble (1:6) is sprayed with sprayer, irrigate immediately washing seedling after spray, depending on weather condition 7-10 days once, to early August, stop topdressing, annual 4-5 time.Make sure to keep in mind: can not water the previous day of 1, topdressing, keep bed surface dry.2, water immediately after topdressing permeablely, otherwise cause " burning seedling ".3, after August, stop topdressing, otherwise cause seedling excessive growth, degree of lignification is low, cannot survive the winter.
4.4 water
After planting before mid-June, guarantee that seedbed is moistening, twice of every day; At the beginning of mid-June-9 month, to water permeable, once a day; Since watering once 3-5 day in September, be intended to promote seedling lignification.Total principle is: in advance on a small quantity repeatedly, and later stage volume few time.
5. survive the winter cold-proof
Because northern area easily causes physiological drought early spring, so must carry out cold-proof work, the time is before the earth at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month is freeze-up.First will fill with the water of surviving the winter, fetch earth in the middle of the pavement ditch nursery stock with on earth mulch, thickness is in 10cm left and right, and four limits make real, and nursery stock can not be outside exposed.
6. meticulous planting
The whole ground of 6.1 standards
Due to the impact of stream of people's trample and vehicle spreading, the general permeability of the regional soil of planting is poor, lacks humus and nutriment in soil layer.Based on this, must carry out working before planting wholely, for seedling growth is created more satisfactory soil condition, otherwise both just survived after planting seedlings, also undergrowth often.For this reason, should carry out following work: strictly by land preparation mode and the specification of technical regulation regulation, carry out operation; Immature soil mellow soil is stacked respectively, and chooses the foreign material such as stone to the greatest extent wherein, rubble, grass roots; When soil property is bad, must take to mix sand or all ameliorative measures of soil removal and replacement.
6.2 protection nursery stocks
Be planted in nursery stock carrying in good time, collecting and distributing, entering the links such as cave must be conscientious careful, in order to avoid native ball is loose, and should prevent from bundling the dry top of side shoot jackknifing and center damaged.Meanwhile, should take multinomial measure (shady and cool dispose put, the use of shade net is, the application of transpiration inhibitor etc.), reduce moisture loss in nursery stock body.Finally, also should adhere to the principle of in good time field planting.If plant at non-favorable season, should strengthen native bulb diameter, conscientiously protect nursery stock, increase and plant rear irrigation times.
6.3 conscientiously plant
Strengthen management in the process of planting, should guarantee that nursery stock is uprightly stable, filled soil, carries out tree dish simultaneously, timely enough watering, and large nursery stocks also should found pillar.Afterwards, also should water again twice water.If the time of planting seedlings is autumn, should after having watered freeze-up water, at nursery stock butt, pile 30 centimetres of high mounds, be beneficial to windproof, soil moisture conservation and protection root system.Finally, should adopt same specification nursery stock, carry out in time after-culture work.
7. maintenance management
7.1 weeding
For improving soil aeration situation, reduce the consumption of moisture and nutrient, reduce disease worm source, guarantee that greenery patches is clean attractive in appearance, should weed with a hoe twice or thrice every year.To the grass under the woods, should suit measures to local conditions, what have can remove.In summer, intertillage can be carried out in conjunction with weeding.
7.2 the rational application of fertilizer
For strengthening tree vigo(u)r, improve its resistance and sight, must be every year in vegetative period, topdress one twice.Topdress and can carry out in conjunction with precipitation, otherwise should after topdressing, pour water in time, improve fertilizer efficiency.
7.3 moisture are controlled
In the season of growth, mainly take drought Irrigation as main; Meanwhile, because pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is not water-fast wet, therefore after intensity rainfall or lasting rainfall, should note the timely processing of hypsography low-lying place ponding.
7.4 pruning
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is unsuitable trimming and finishing class, therefore, adopt natural style pruning more, according to its self-sow characteristic, only the shape of tree crown is done to complementary adjustment and promotion, overstocked branch in hat, descending branch, injured branch, withered rotten branch, weak branch are pruned, thereby guaranteed tree body ventilation and penetrating light in order.
7.5 diseases and pests controlling
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is resistance class seeds, generally seldom has disease and insect feelings to occur, but should strengthen Soil and fertilizer management, and be aided with reasonably pruning, to strengthen tree vigo(u)r, improves resistance.
7.6 other aspects
Prevent people, animal, machinery, the damage of vehicle to tree body, vehicle is hit to oblique nursery stock and should support in time righting; Water spray dedusting; Timely righting crushing by snow branch after heavy snow, accumulated snow or adopt other effective measures to prevent snow injury shakes; After strong wind and heavy rain, to the timely righting of crooked nursery stock, and earth up in right amount in seedling butt portion, to windbreak branch, should prune in time.
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation breeding method of the present invention, when practical operation, due to the difference of weather, soil and other conditions, breeding method can be different, needs concrete condition specifically to treat.In a word, it is individual compared with elaboration that pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation is cultivated, and needs special messenger to be responsible for.The method is applicable to Chinese pine, Japanese red pine, jack pine, black pine.
Claims (4)
1. a pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: its presprouting of seeds is that ready seed is cleaned, use again 0.5% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 2 hours, after cleaning up, soak seed 30-48 hour, after soaking well, seed is evenly spread on mat or dusting cover, thickness 10cm, in indoor vernalization, and attention keeps seed humidity, the seed that germination force is high started to split mouth after 48 hours, treated that 1/3 seed splits mouth and can sow, cultivate the pinus sylvestris var. mongolica transplant amount of sowing at 14-16kg mu, 300,000 plants/acre of output of seedling, within 5 days, carry out prior to seeding seed treatment.
2. a kind of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica as claimed in claim 1 is planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: its seedling-cultivating method: the quantity by bed is divided into equal portions by seed, every portion, again the seed having divided is evenly broadcast on bed surface, broadcast rear suppression, cover husky thickness 0.5cm, note sand uniformity, make to emerge neat, then, spray 25% nitrofen emulsion, concentration is 20 times of liquid, 15kg liquid can spray seedbed 180m2, by straw moisturizing, windproofly be overlying on equably on bed, nail in bed timber, ready straw rope is tied up to and on timber, pushes down straw, finally, with wooden hook, catching on straw rope is inserted on bed surface, after growing seedlings, water twice sprinkling irrigation for water, watering can all can, within 7-10 days, get final product tidy seedlings output.
3. a kind of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is planted breeding method, it is characterized in that: northern area easily causes physiological drought early spring, so must carry out cold-proof work, time is before the earth at the beginning of 10 the end of month to 11 month is freeze-up, fill with the water of surviving the winter, fetch earth in the middle of the pavement ditch nursery stock with on earth mulch, thickness is in 10cm left and right, four limits make real, and nursery stock can not be outside exposed.
4. a kind of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation breeding method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that being also applicable to Chinese pine, Japanese red pine, jack pine, black pine.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104365324A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-25 | 周琪 | Lodgepole pine seedling growing method |
| CN107950114A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-24 | 安徽金阳光农业服务有限公司 | A kind of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seeds Stratification technique |
-
2013
- 2013-03-05 CN CN201310070336.0A patent/CN104025829A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104365324A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-25 | 周琪 | Lodgepole pine seedling growing method |
| CN107950114A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-24 | 安徽金阳光农业服务有限公司 | A kind of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seeds Stratification technique |
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Application publication date: 20140910 |