CN105794584A

CN105794584A - Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting

Info

Publication number: CN105794584A
Application number: CN201610413472.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘玉峰
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2016-06-14
Filing date: 2016-06-14
Publication date: 2016-07-27

Abstract

In the growth process, all potted fruit trees, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum need warming and cold protection for a greenhouse; independent planting takes high investment and is low in land utilization rate and low in comprehensive economic benefit.A potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum multi-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting provided herein enables comprehensive utilization, cost sharing and expense reduction by the common use of greenhouse facilities.The three crops are adjustably complementary without mutual interference in terms of temperature and humidity management, sunlight utilization and plant picking time.The potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum multi-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting is a new mode for = planting three crops in one greenhouse with large and small assorted heights.The method enables two-crop annual income of common fruit tree greenhouse planting to be increased from about 20000 RMB to about 50000 RMB, and efficient agricultural model is truly embodied.

Description

Greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi three batches intersection interplanting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to many batches of interplanting methods of a kind of greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi, belong to field of plant growing technology.

Background technology

Because of potted landscape fruit tree, soft seed Punica granatum L., three kinds of crops of Flos Chrysanthemi, growth course is required for booth and heats with cold-proof.Individually plantation investment is big, and land utilization efficiency is relatively low, and overall economic efficiency is not high.

The greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree of the present invention, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi many batches of interplanting methods, it is possible to shared greenhouse facility plays comprehensive utilization and splits the cost reduction expense.Three kinds of plant growths in temperature and humidity management, sunlight utilize in, in plantation plucking time, all adjustable is complementary, respectively do not affect.The greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree of the present invention, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi many batches of interplanting methods be the new model that a set of high level matches with low level, a canopy can plant three batches of crops.The present invention makes two batches of annual earnings of usual fruit tree greenhouse gardening about 20000 yuan increase to about 50000 yuan, and the model of high-efficiency agriculture is arrived in real embodiment.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims to comprehensive utilization booth, reduce planting cost, improve land utilization ratio, and a kind of potted landscape fruit tree provided, soft seed Punica granatum L., 1 year three batches of interplanting method of Flos Chrysanthemi.

The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs: a kind of potted landscape fruit tree, soft seed Punica granatum L., 1 year three batches of interplanting method of Flos Chrysanthemi, comprises the following steps:

(1) seed selection

Potted landscape fruit tree selects potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi or potted landscape blue berry, and the dwarfted varieties precocious, disease-resistant, freexing tolerance is strong and yield is high selected by potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi；Soft seed Punica granatum L. selects the dwarfted varieties precocious, disease-resistant, freexing tolerance is strong and yield is high；Flos Chrysanthemi is selected and can be processed scented tea, heat-resisting, cold-resistant, drought resisting, disease-resistant good kind.

(2) interplanting crops for rotation arranged crosswise:

Fruit tree booth was built up in October, and the soft seed pomegranate tree that bears fruit is planted in booth in November, manages and pass the winter in booth.Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi stunted tree of bearing fruit was planted in ventilative strong native basin in 11 the middle ten days, and moved in the space being placed between soft seed pomegranate tree strain and strain 2 meters, and Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is plucked the first tenday period of a month in May and terminated, and potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is removed booth.Between the line-spacing vacateed on vacant lot, late May plants Flos Chrysanthemi normal management, and Flos Chrysanthemi was buddingged at the beginning of 10 months, and 10 ends started to pluck processing, terminated to late November.

Wherein potted landscape fruit tree, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi Cultivate administration method be respectively as follows:

(1) potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi implantation methods

The plantation of potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is for forest interplanting, and include seed selection, soil application, upper potted plant plant, in canopy shifting put, temperature and humidity management, rich water quality management, pollination management, flower and fruit thinning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the aspect such as Training system.

(1), seed selection

Potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is selected to downgrade early-maturing variety, potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi was plucked in mid-May, strict potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi height overall of pruning controls between 1m-1.5m, and Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi habit humiture is substantially the same with soft seed Punica granatum L. humiture in booth, and Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is during greenhouse gardening, between March-May, soft seed Pomegranate Growth has not been entered into animated period, soft seed Punica granatum L. is tree-like short and small, and pomegranate leaf is narrower, uncommon to be dredged, and sunshade is not strong, do not affect the sunlight that Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi growth is required, thus not affecting Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi growth.

(2), soil application

Downgrade cherry potting and be suitable for sandy loam fertile for pH value 6-7.5, due to potted plant limited volume, therefore should creating loose well-drained soil environment nutritious, fertile, the main well-rotted farmyard manure adopting 1/4 of preparation of basin soil and the garden loam of 1/2 and the shale of 1/4 mix equal gained as far as possible.

(3), upper potted plant plant

Lifting after dwarfing Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi early November in the fall fallen leaves, goes up basin immediately after lifting, planting pot selects the mud earthen basin of diameter 500mm, high 500mm, nursery stock main root and disability root is cut off one section, with growth-promoting fibrous root before planting；Water seepage hole tile at the bottom of basin is built, to prevent basin soil from being washed out by water, but stifled too tight, ooze out in order to avoid affecting unnecessary water.

(4), in canopy, shifting is put

In late November by potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi good for field planting, in the ranks, every basin Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is taken up an area digs diameter 600mm, degree of depth 30mm circular pit to leave soft seed pomegranate tree in canopy in by one meter of line-spacing of spacing in the rows three meters, potted landscape leaves in the inside and reduces height, and 220 strains are put in every mu of shifting.

(5), temperature and humidity management

Temperature index from rudiment to each phenological period of gathering is: potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi moves on in booth to before germinateing, and on daytime 12～18 DEG C late Febuary, night 5～6 DEG C, intensification slowly to carry out；3 the first tenday period of a month germinateed to florescence, daytime 18～21 DEG C, night 8～12 DEG C；Early April fruit expanding period, daytime 22～25 DEG C, night 10～20 DEG C；Late April fruit color is to collection period, and daytime, night 12～15 DEG C, day and night temperature kept about 10 DEG C not higher than 30 DEG C；Temperature is too high leaks informaton in time, when meeting sleety weather, adding a cover one layer of heat preservation quilt night, entering canopy to budding period relative air humidity is 70%～80%, and florescence is 50%～60%, it is maintained at about 60% to the fruit harvesting phase after spending, in fruit development process, humidity amplitude of variation should be avoided as far as possible excessive, otherwise easily cause dehiscent fruit, when chamber humidity is excessive, by ventilation, control to water to regulate；When humidity is too small, carries out ground and tree body is sprayed water or watered and increases humidity.

(6), rich water quality management

In the season of growth, basin soil planted agent keeps water content about 70%, within every 10 days, water a water, the simplest method that determines whether to water is to push table soil aside to take soil hands 3 centimetres deep and hold, agglomerating expression soil moisture is passable, otherwise expression hydropenia, should water at once, notice that florescence and young fruit period to water less, loosen the soil after watering in good time, keep basin soil loosening, winter dormancy phase basin soil water content is maintained at about 60%, on the basis using sufficient base manure, the every strain of flowering fruit bearing stage imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1.5kg, water after fertilising, mid-March, blade face imposed 0.3% urea liquid, impose 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate the last ten-days period, impose 0.4% carbamide and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor mid-April.

In order to promote bud differentiation, irrigation amount is not easily too much, especially in the best fruiting period, waters less and can control increment, make the cherry tree raw branch of excessive growth less, reduce developmental branch, increase bouquet branch and fruit spur, in order to improve the yield and quality, to ensure to water in time in fruit expanding period, sufficient moisture is conducive to expanding of fruit, but the water yield can not be too much, in order to avoid causing dehiscent fruit.

(7), pollination management

Apis or wall honeybee must be discharged in booth, Apis can put 1 group, every 667 square metres of wall honeybee throws in about 100, in order to prevent Apis or wall honeybee from escaping, blocking window with screen window, artificial pollination number of times should increase as one sees fit, utilizes the pollen gathering open country Prunus avium the morning, it is housed under the cold drying environment of-20 DEG C, it is provided that use to potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi artificial pollination.

(8), flower and fruit thinning

In order to improve the regularity of fruit and increase fruit mass, flower and fruit thinning should be carried out, fruit thinning after first flower thinning, before and after rudiment can flower thinning bud, alabastrum, generally have the bouquet shape Fruit branch of 7～8 buds, be thinning out modest bud and the alabastrum of about 3, retain 4～5, full bud, after physiological fallen fruit, it is thinning out fruitlet, malformed fruit, painted bad fruit, fruit mass can be made to significantly improve.

(9), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The kind of pest and disease damage is the same with land for growing field crops, but owing to protecting field air humidity is big, it is easy to infect various disease, so to rely mainly on prevention in preventing and treating.

Before rudiment mid-February 15-20 days, add 3000 times of liquid of the 10% clean wettable powder of aphid louse with 30% machine oil 800 times of liquid of stone sulfur microemulsion and spray clear gardens.

Early March budding period full garden 1 time 3-5 degree lime sulfur of spray or 100 times of liquid machine oil emulsions, prevent and treat the survive the winter insect pest such as aphid, scale insect and the leaf diseases such as shothole disease, leaf spot.

Late March prevents and treats red neck Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, gold edge buprestid beetle florescence, and timely excavated by manual work is got rid of insects and sick leaf, sprays 0.3% borax solution and improves fruit-setting rate.

The first tenday period of a month in early April to May fruit expanding period and the leaf diseases such as period of maturation attention control shothole disease, leaf spot, with big raw M45 to 800 times of liquid of water and 600 times of liquid alternating spray of 50% carbendazol wettable powder.

50% carbendazim sterilization of 1 600 times of liquid is sprayed after late May fruit picking.

June, early and middle ten days was prosperous for a long time to flower_bud formation phase early August and young sprout, sprayed 2 Bordeaux mixture of 1: 1: 240 times, in case leaf portion, trunk disease；Meet the insects such as boat-shaped caterpillar, Limacodidae when causing harm, carry out 1800 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of good fortune spirit with 20%.

Late August to 9 the end of month the slow trophophase of young sprout, 2-3 antibacterial can be sprayed in protection blade face, selection carbendazim, Mancozeb, agricultural streptomycin etc..

The vegetative storage phase in October, the most important thing is to protect blade, note preventing early leaf fall during this, timely and appropriate discovery waters, anti-arid, clears up orchard, does orchard health well.

(10), Training system

Be shaped as bent globular model by tree-like for potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, by manually drawing branch, make central bend be made into bending globular model, after branch grows, select a branch grown up, pull into arch to other direction, make trunk S-shaped, bending brachycephalic.

(2) implantation methods of soft seed pomegranate tree

The implantation methods of soft seed pomegranate tree include nursery stock choose with plant, clay fertilizer water management, pruning, flower and fruit management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, temperature and humidity management, cold-proof management seven broad aspect.

Wherein, temperature and humidity management aspect, greenhouse gardening soft seed Punica granatum L. has to pass through certain low temperature time, could intensification breaking dormancy；Make soft seed Punica granatum L. low docile be practiced by a series of, after completing physiological change, could normally sprout, grow, bloom, result.

Soft seed Punica granatum L. booth is steel construction sun light green house, is equipped with thin film, insulation quilt outside steel construction from inside to outside successively.

Early March is by after soft seed pomegranate tree field planting, it is too fast too high that day temperature starts to rise, and booth external film is not rolled, daytime turned up portion insulation quilt, and vent is suitably opened according to external weather conditions, adjust aeration-cooling day temperature and mention 13 DEG C-15 DEG C, put down insulation quilt temperature night and be maintained at 6 DEG C-8 DEG C, so maintain 3-5 days, then heat up gradually about 3-5 days, daytime, canopy temperature mentioned 16 DEG C-20 DEG C, night 7 DEG C-10 DEG C, continued 3-5 days.

Daytime in April all rolls insulation quilt, and thin film is not rolled, and suitably opens vent according to external weather conditions, adjusts aeration-cooling day temperature and mentions 20 DEG C-28 DEG C, puts down insulation quilt night, and temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C-12 DEG C.

3, April, in booth, relative air humidity keeps 60%-70%, is so conducive to rudiment, and humidity is excessive, reduces humidity by ventilation, and humidity is too small, and by spraying, sprinkling water or watering increases humidity.

The temperature adjusting in florescence is extremely important, as too high impact is beared fruit, if late April artificial pollination day temperature controls at 23 DEG C-28 DEG C, if honeybee pollination day temperature controls at 25 DEG C-30 DEG C, night all lower than 15 DEG C, can not heat with evening according to weather condition is aeration-cooling in florescence.

Late April at florescence to mid-June, booth top film is rolled in mid-May and is no longer put down, and night puts down insulation quilt and heats, and reaches the temperature required evening, reduces the temperature spread in evening on daytime and is conducive to improving percentage of fertile fruit to adapt to pollination daytime for canopy outer temperature.

From the early June outdoor Cultivate administration of soft seed Punica granatum L., greenhouse facility carries out reinforcing prevents big wind bad.

Booth humidity to control at 50%-60% at the soft seed Punica granatum L. florescence, is falling blossom-control technics below 60%, and the method controlling humidity is the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and after watering, tries not florescence to water before the florescence, also to put down insulation quilt rain cover in case of rained, it is to avoid impact pollination.

Soft seed Punica granatum L. progresses into the period of maturation in early September, in order to improve fruit quality, should avoid waters and rain prevents dehiscent fruit, according to fruit maturation phase and the market demand, determine harvest time, it is to avoid gather under rainy day and burning sun, gather in batches, should get on, get off when gathering, first outside and then inside be sequentially carried out, avoid damaging, stabbing and traumatic injury fruit as far as possible.

After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, being put down by greenhouse film in mid-October and all put up, during Second Year March, day temperature can not exceed 18 DEG C, and lower than subzero 8 DEG C, can not adjust ventilation dewetting according to weather between at this moment and heat work in the evening.

(3) Flos Chrysanthemi implantation methods

Flos Chrysanthemi adopts Taihang emperor chrysanthemum, and its concrete implantation methods is:

(1), plantation management

Whole about late May, mu executes the corral excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 1000-1500 kilogram of compost, 80 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, about cake fertilizer double centner, plough deeply cultivated, smooth bedding, furrow height 20-25 centimetre, furrow width 70-80 centimetre, during transplanting, cloudy day transplanting survival rate is high after the rain in general choosing, Transplanting Density, distance between rows and hills is 50 cm x 50 centimetres, every cave field planting 2 strain, about every mu of field planting 4500 strain, at weather short of rain, when soil is moistening not, transplanting must be watered and be determined root water, middle weeding, root lodging-prevention is stopped up in ridging, general intertillage is hoed up weeds 4 times, namely at the beginning of 6 months, at the beginning of 7 months, with at the beginning of 9 months each 1 time at the beginning of 8 months, for keeping away damage root system, later stage each weeding will be earthed up heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots root, to protect root system and lodging-prevention.

(2), pinch in time beta pruning

Interim at Dendranthema Growth, to pinch 3-4 time, within the 1st time 20-25 days after transplanting, carry out；Selecting fine day, base portion stays 15 cm, and above section is all wiped out, and plans branch 4-7 branch；Carrying out in late July for 2nd time, new long branch 10 cm of sending out plucks each branch terminal bud, plans branch 50；Work of pinching must terminate by the end of July, and the paclobutrazol simultaneously spraying 1 50 millimeter/kilogram controls height of seedling, promotes root growth, tiller, increasing rough segmentation branch；Should stopping before August 10 using paclobutrazol, the interval time every time spraying paclobutrazol must reach 1 month；Can carry out the 8-10 month the 3-4 time pruning on branch at branch, ensure that every strain has the branch of about 50 always；

(3), alabastrum is pruned

In order to ensure the quality of Flos Chrysanthemi, open about 50 of every strain plan；To prune the unnecessary alabastrum on branch in late September to 10 the first tenday period of a month in time, only stay the poppyhead on every branch.

(4), rich water quality management is strengthened

Fertilising carries out general with middle weeding；6-7 month imposes light liquid dung 3-5 time, short Seedling tiller；By the end of August to early September should suitable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, mu executes about the 500 kilograms dung polluted waters become thoroughly decomposed, and promotes bud differentiation；October, Flos Chrysanthemi fertilizer requirement was big, suitable lift-augmented mechanism, executes 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer and dung polluted water adds a small amount of carbamide pouring root, and progestogenic flower bud blooms；After alabastrum is formed, carry out foliage top dressing, to reach the purpose that flower is big, petal is plump, improve quality；For lodging-prevention, carrying out ridging, stop up root, on the basis of the work such as pinch, after alabastrum is formed, support must be made with bamboo stem etc. and support bolting tree bar；Staking should carry out when slightly wilting by leaf in the afternoon, in case the spray that fractures；If the arid of chance, to water in time, want ditch cleaning dewatering rainy season, it is prevented that Flos Chrysanthemi is by rotten of flood.

(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The coloured modification of type of Taihang emperor's chrysanthemum disease, spotted type, deformity type and necrotic type, the above disease of every discovery all can use biofungicide ridomil metalaxyl, Tuzet etc..Thoroughly removing in time and to control the diseased plant do not healed, dead strain, in order to avoid jeopardizing the plant of surrounding, mainly having aphid mycoses that medicine can not be adopted to administer in florescence in October, booth closing sootiness 8-10 hour just can be administered.

(6), temperature treatment

Because Flos Chrysanthemi is bloomed after the Frost's Descent, the flower opened at any time is likely to by freeze injury, the thin film on booth must be transferred in 10 the first tenday period of a month and put up the pre-frost protection of booth, and in canopy, daytime is at 10-25 degree, and humidity, at 60-70%, was ventilated in time and leaked informaton at 5-15 degree evening.

(7), collecting period and management after adopting

Just substantially started October 20 to pluck, during harvesting, property goes by the open 6mm degree of every flower to pluck as requested in batches, and late November Flos Chrysanthemi is after plucking, and overground part branch body stays 5-10 centimetre to deduct from root, bury about 10 centimeters with soil, water a water of passing the winter.

Further, the potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi of potted landscape fruit tree is replaced with potted landscape blue berry.

Detailed description of the invention

In order to conveniently it is understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only the illustration to this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not making in embodiment to illustrate is all prior art, is not described in detail at this.

Embodiment one

A kind of potted landscape fruit tree, soft seed Punica granatum L., 1 year three batches of interplanting method of Flos Chrysanthemi, comprise the following steps:

(1) seed selection

(2) interplanting crops for rotation arranged crosswise

Fruit tree booth was built up in October, and the soft seed pomegranate tree that bears fruit is planted in booth in November, manages and pass the winter in booth；Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi stunted tree of bearing fruit was planted in ventilative strong native basin in 11 the middle ten days, and shifting is placed in booth and manages passes the winter.Potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi moves and leaves between soft seed pomegranate tree strain and strain 2 meters in space, jointly manages with soft seed pomegranate tree, and plucks the first tenday period of a month in May and terminate.Between the line-spacing vacateed on vacant lot, late May plants Flos Chrysanthemi normal management, and Flos Chrysanthemi was buddingged at the beginning of 10 months, and 10 ends started harvesting processing and terminate to late November.

(1) potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi implantation methods

(1), seed selection

Selecting potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi to downgrade early-maturing variety, pluck in mid-May, strict height overall of pruning controls between 1m-1.5m.Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi habit humiture is substantially the same with soft seed Punica granatum L. humiture in booth.Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is during greenhouse gardening, and between March-May, soft seed Pomegranate Growth has not been entered into animated period, and soft seed Punica granatum L. is tree-like short and small, and pomegranate leaf is narrower uncommon thin, blocks strong to the sunlight of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi growth needs, does not affect Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi growth.

(2), soil application

Downgrade cherry potting and be suitable for sandy loam fertile for pH value 6-7.5, due to potted plant limited volume, therefore should create loose well-drained soil environment nutritious, fertile as far as possible.The main well-rotted farmyard manure adopting 1/4 of preparation of basin soil and the garden loam of 1/2 and the shale of 1/4 are mixed all.

(3), upper potted plant plant

Lifting after dwarfing Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi early November in the fall fallen leaves, goes up basin immediately after lifting.Planting pot selects the mud earthen basin of diameter 500mm, high 500mm, nursery stock main root and disability root is cut off one section, with growth-promoting fibrous root before planting；Water seepage hole tile at the bottom of basin is built, to prevent basin soil from being washed out by water, but stifled too tight, ooze out in order to avoid affecting unnecessary water.

(4), in canopy, shifting is put

In late November by potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi good for field planting, leave in canopy soft seed pomegranate tree in the ranks by one meter of line-spacing of spacing in the rows three meters.Every basin Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is taken up an area digs diameter 600mm, degree of depth 30mm circular pit.Potted landscape leaving in the inside and reduces height, 220 strains are put in every mu of shifting.

(5), temperature and humidity management

Temperature index from rudiment to each phenological period of gathering is: potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi moves on in booth to before germinateing, and on daytime 12～18 DEG C late Febuary, night 5～6 DEG C, intensification slowly to carry out；3 the first tenday period of a month germinateed to florescence, daytime 18～21 DEG C, night 8～12 DEG C；Early April fruit expanding period, daytime 22～25 DEG C, night 10～20 DEG C；Late April fruit color is to collection period, and daytime, night 12～15 DEG C, day and night temperature kept about 10 DEG C not higher than 30 DEG C.Temperature is too high leaks informaton in time.When meeting sleety weather, add a cover one layer of heat preservation quilt night.Button canopy to budding period relative air humidity is 70%～80%, and florescence is 50%～60%, is maintained at about 60% to the fruit harvesting phase after spending.In fruit development process, humidity amplitude of variation should be avoided as far as possible excessive, otherwise easily cause dehiscent fruit.When chamber humidity is excessive, can water regulate by ventilation, control；When humidity is too small, ground can be carried out and tree body is sprayed water or watered and increases humidity.

(6), rich water quality management

Keep water content about 70% season of growth basin soil planted agent, within every 10 days, water a water.The simplest method that determines whether to water is to push table soil aside to take soil 3 centimetres deep with holding, and agglomerating expression soil moisture is passable, otherwise represents hydropenia, should water at once.Notice that florescence and young fruit period to water less, loosen the soil after watering in good time, keep basin soil loosening.Winter dormancy phase basin soil water content is maintained at about 60%, and on the basis using sufficient base manure, the every strain of flowering fruit bearing stage is watered after imposing compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1.5kg fertilising.Mid-March, blade face imposed 0.3% urea liquid, imposed 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate the last ten-days period.Impose 0.4% carbamide and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor mid-April.

In order to promote bud differentiation, irrigation amount is not easily too much, especially in the best fruiting period, waters less and can control increment, makes the cherry tree raw branch of excessive growth less, reduces developmental branch, increase bouquet branch and fruit spur.In order to improve the yield and quality, to ensure to water in time in fruit expanding period.Sufficient moisture is conducive to expanding of fruit, but the water yield can not be too much, in order to avoid causing dehiscent fruit.

(7), pollination management

Apis or wall honeybee must be discharged in booth and greenhouse.Apis can put 1 group, and every 667 square metres of wall honeybee can throw in about 100.In order to prevent honeybee escape, available screen window blocks window.Artificial pollination number of times should increase as one sees fit, it is also possible to utilizes the pollen gathering open country Prunus avium the morning, is housed under the cold drying environment of-20 DEG C, it is provided that uses to protecting field Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi artificial pollination.

(8), flower and fruit thinning

In order to improve the regularity of fruit and increase fruit mass, flower and fruit thinning, fruit thinning after first flower thinning should be carried out.Before and after rudiment can flower thinning bud, alabastrum, generally have the bouquet shape Fruit branch of 7～8 buds, modest bud and the alabastrum of about 3 can be thinning out, retain 4～5, full bud.After physiological fallen fruit, it is thinning out fruitlet, malformed fruit, painted bad fruit, fruit mass can be made to significantly improve.

(9), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Late March prevents and treats red neck Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, gold edge buprestid beetle florescence, and timely excavated by manual work removes, and sprays 0.3% borax solution and improves fruit-setting rate.

June, early and middle ten days was prosperous for a long time to flower_bud formation phase early August and young sprout, sprayed 2 Bordeaux mixture of 1: 1: 240 times, in case leaf portion, trunk disease.Meet the insects such as boat-shaped caterpillar, Limacodidae when causing harm, 1800 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of good fortune spirit can be carried out with 20%.

Late August to 9 the end of month the slow trophophase of young sprout: 2-3 antibacterial can be sprayed in protection blade face, selection carbendazim, Mancozeb, agricultural streptomycin etc..

The vegetative storage phase in October: this phase the most important thing is to protect blade, noting preventing early leaf fall, timely and appropriate discovery waters, anti-arid, clears up orchard, does orchard health well.

(10), Training system

Bent globular model: mainly by manually drawing branch, make central bend be made into bending globular model, after branch grows, select a branch grown up, pull into arch to other direction, make trunk S-shaped, bending brachycephalic.

(2) soft seed Punica granatum L. implantation methods

(1), rational close planting

Soft seed Punica dungarunga, tree body is less, it is possible to be suitable to high-density planting in booth, is generally adopted 2mx3m seeding row spacing and plants on producing, every mu of 111 strains of planting.Generally, about the 2nd annual bearing 3kg after cultivation.Within 4 to 5 years, entering high yield period, about 20kg is produced in average strain.Tree height about 2.5 meters after 5th year, hat width is about 2m, though there being part branch to join between strain, but in the ranks there is no branch handing-over.Therefore carrying out planting culture is the key that soft seed Punica granatum L. obtains early high-yield.

(2), plant

Pollinated variety configures: can " super large seed " Punica granatum L. or land race as pollinated variety, by 6～8 red soft seed Punica granatum L.s of crystal: 1 super large seed or the collocation of this Fructus Fici tikouae.

Nursery stock variety and quality: select 1～2 year raw strong sprout meeting plant quarantine requirement.More than height of seedling 80cm, footpath, ground 0.6cm～0.8cm, well developed root system.

Planting density and method: according to edaphic condition in the booth of field, before being planted in Sprout period spring, March completed to early April, and seeding row spacing should rest in 2m～3m.Fertile, deep loam rational close planted.

When planting, 1 year Seedling digs the planting pit of each 50cm of length and width, deep 50cm in this way, and the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is mixed into backfill after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil, average farm manure 10kg/ strain.Biennial seedling digs the planting pit of each 60cm of length and width, deep 50cm in this way, and the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is mixed into backfill after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil, average farm manure 15kg/ strain.3 years Seedlings dig the planting pit of each 80cm of length and width, deep 50cm in this way, and the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed is mixed into backfill after appropriate phosphorus potash fertilizer mixes with table soil, average farm manure 30kg/ strain.The depth of planting is flat with collar and earth's surface or is advisable slightly below earth's surface.Make root system unfold, soil of first filling in a form, after fill out subsoil, layering having peace of mind.Water foot after cultivation and determine root water.Thin film 1 meter wide is respectively laid in soft seed pomegranate tree both sides, carries out soil and heats.

(3), clay fertilizer water management

Soft seed pomegranate tree, based on base manure, carries out topdressing and foliage application depending on soil fertility situation.

The soft seed pomegranate tree born fruit topdresses the 1st time before spending, about early April, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the 2nd time in fruit expanding period late June to mid-August, based on phosphorus potash fertilizer, N P and K mixing uses, and all the other times topdress as the case may be.Dose is determined with local edaphic condition and fertilising feature.Fertilizing method is to open annular groove, bar ditch, radial furrow fertilising, ditch depth, wide each 15cm～25cm, it is possible to multiple spot is spreaded manuer in holes under tree crown, under the premise of loosing soil, can spread fertilizer over the fields or water and execute, should pour water in time after topdressing.

Foliage application is mainly based on the tree that bears fruit, and annual 4～5 times, general growth early stage early April 1 time, early stage of blooming late April 1 time, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, fruit expanding period late June to late August in later stage according to circumstances 2～3 times, based on phosphorus, potash fertilizer.Some trace element are sprayed also dependent on tree body situation.Spray in combinations with laxative.Conventional fertilizer type with working concentration is: carbamide 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%～0.3%, Borax 0.1%～0.3%.

Treelet phase spring and autumn applies every strain farm manure 20-25kg, the every strain 30～40kg of fruiting period.Employing ditch is excuted a law, Wa Tiaogou, radial furrow or annular groove, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 30cm～40cm.Avoid too much hindering root.Inserting after being mixed with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed by the table dug out soil, subsoil is placed on upper strata, then fills foot moisture, makes root system and soil close contact.

Irrigation water should meet the regulation of NY/T391.Depend on the circumstances, irrigation period is typically in budding period early March, bloom before early October after early April, fruit expanding period June to late August and fruit picking.The irrigation of tree dish, furrow irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, infiltrating irrigation can be taked.Fruit is before maturation, and soil moisture is moderate, does not generally need to water.If chance Continuous Drought, apply little water and carefully water, avoid broad irrigation.

Pomegranate Garden should arrange drainage system in time desilting, should draining in time when rainy season or orchard hydrops, it is prevented that generation damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.

(4), pruning

" winter is cut to master, and the summer is cut to auxiliary ".By bud picking, turn round slightly, the method such as pinching suppresses new slightly prosperous length, relax tree vigo(u)r, promote result.

Tree crown is trained natural open centre shape, then carried out spring pruning before the budding period, surely do during height of seedling 50cm, cultivates 3～4 major branches being evenly distributed, and sprouts and should smear (dredging) as early as possible and remove below major branch.When major branch grows to 50cm～60cm, pinching inspires lateral bud, and more than major branch mitogenetic branch retains as far as possible, to indivedual strong prosperous branches in hat, draws the method transformation of branch with the florescence as far as possible and utilizes, can not remove easily.Tree crown is trained natural open centre shape, controls height of tree 2m～3m.

Tree crown is trained cylinder, then carried out spring pruning before the shape budding period, and height of seedling 50cm does surely, and more than 50cm only stays centered by 1 healthy and strong young sprout cultivation dry, and following branch is all cut.Staying 3～4 leaf pinching during the healthy and strong sublateral shoot 15cm sprouted, during healthy and strong sublateral shoot about the 30cm again sent, pinching again, with cultivation results branch group.Tree crown is trained cylinder, and at center, dry higher slice or not stratified helical form are every verticillate 15～20 the larger result branch groups of 10cm～15cm, and branch group length, less than 80cm, is 70 °～80 ° with trunk angle, lower big little, under close rare.Control height of tree 2m～3m.Be suitable to dense planting.

Winter pruning is to prune off, and cutting back retraction is auxiliary.Remove intersection branch, overlapping branch, Mi Shengzhi, sick branch, deadwood, the branch of excessive growth；Vigorous branches stays 20cm～30cm cutting back, cultivates elongated shoot and branch group；Short cut for perennial branch, degree how many depending on age of tree tree vigo(u)r and branch, be mainly used in weak branch and the renewal of branch group；It is not added with 1 or two years branches pruning, long puts, relax apical dominance, increase brachyplast, leafage branch quantity, carry out according to branch gesture, tree vigo(u)r power, the plant that growing way is excessively prosperous is wanted Herb delay and puts.

Summer pruning is mainly bud picking, pinching, the torsion tip and draws branch etc..Remove sick branch, Mi Shengzhi, descending branch in time；Should take the circumstances into consideration to remove according to tree crown space size to the branch of excessive growth, cutting back, draw branch or turn round branch.Erase unnecessary tender shoots and disease pest bud early, during as needed in young sprout 30cm-60cm pinching promote branch, turning round the tip, girdling, band girdle, draw the pruning methods such as (support, pendant) branch to adjust shoot growth, promote in brachyplast and flower_bud formation, raising fruit-setting rate.

The pruning of treelet, the 1st year after field planting, treelet is carried out shaping.Trophophase can take bud picking, pinching to suppress the growth of summer shoot and autumn growth, promotes the diameter increment of branch and the formation of terminal bud, lateral bud；Drawing branch winter, length is put.

Fruiting period tree-pruning, at the result initial stage, adopts " in going to force to stay on, going directly to stay tiltedly " and " convergent-divergent combines for many sparse branchings, few cutting back " method cultivation results branch group, result Sheng phase, it is prevented that interior thorax is airtight, notices that fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates；Winter, retraction weak branch, descending branch, wiped out sick branch, sick mummy.

The pruning of old and feeble tree, wipes out old and feeble branch, stays shoot more.Take " retraction updates, goes weak staying by force " method, recover tree vigo(u)r.Tree vigo(u)r is difficult to the plant recovered, the available upright prosperous branch near trunk sprout tillers, update tree crown.

(5), flower and fruit management

Florescence puts honeybee；Adopt pollen liquid to add Borax spraying pollination or artificial point is awarded；Initial bloom stage sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the Borax of 0.3% and the carbamide of 0.3% or 0.3%, sprays 1 time again every 7～10 days.

Determining according to the age of tree and tree vigo(u)r and stay fruit amount, every 667m yield controls at 1500kg～2000kg.Dredge as early as possible and remove mitriform flower, stubble of letting the hair grow flower more, remove the flower in evening that the later stage opens in time.Thank and after spending, in 3～4 weeks, remove malformed fruit, disease pest fruit, twin fruit is dredged as single fruit.Let the hair grow more stubble fruit, 2 batches of fruits of selecting and remain, remove 3 batches of fruits, if 1,2 batches of fruits are little, suitably stay a part 3 batches of fruits.Stay middle brachyplast fruit more, do not stay or stay less long shoot fruit.

Select special fruit bag to carry out bagging in time after fruit thinning, before bagging, spray 1 insecticide and antibacterial mixed liquor.Within 10～20 days before fruit picking, release fruit bag the blade removal that will cover on fruit face, take to draw branch, other branch, or lay the measures such as reflective agricultural film on tree dish soil, improve illumination condition, in order to fruit color.

(6), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Soft seed Punica granatum L. plantation Major Diseases includes early defoliation disease (melasma, brown spot), dry rot, canker etc..Soft seed Punica granatum L. plantation primary pest includes Punica granatum L. small heart-eating peach worm, dichocrocis punctiferalis, aphid, green plant bug, coccid etc..Put prevention first, integrated control.Based on cultural control, in conjunction with physics, chemical prevention, advocate Biological control.Pesticide use should observe the regulation of NY/T393.

Cultural control should strictly be quarantined, and strengthens rich water quality management, reasonable pruning, controls load capacity, it is ensured that tree body ventilation and penetrating light, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, improves resistant to diseases and insects.Clear garden, strikes off and withered sticks up skin, wipe out sick branch fruit, plough deeply tree dish, reduce disease pest generation radix.

Can also adopt physics, chemical prevention, use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, sweet-and-sour liquid, synthetic sex attractant, trunk twine grass etc. the multiple Punica granatum L. insects such as trapping Limacodidae, dichocrocis punctiferalis, chafer, Io moth.Yellow colored steel trapping aphid.Chemical prevention performs in strict accordance with NY/T393, strengthens disease pest monitoring, grasps pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule.Advocate and use biogenic pesticide.Rotation uses the pesticide of the different mechanism of action, and every kind of pesticide can only be used once at same growth cycle, strict implement safety interval of pesticide pollution.

The preventing and treating of early defoliation disease: winter early December clear garden, early March germination Qian Quan garden spray each sprinkling 2-3 Baume degrees lime sulfur.Fruit, shoot and leaf growth phase, when beginning to see morbidity, following chemical control can be adopted: spray 800～1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder；1:1:160 times of Bordeaux mixture.

The preventing and treating of dry rot: the clear garden of winter-spring season, trunk whitewashing.The season of growth extracts disease fruit in time.Spray 2～3 Baume degrees lime sulfurs or 20～30 times of liquid of 45% crystal lime polysulfies before germinateing.When branch occurs serious, weight rossing can be carried out in the season of growth, and be coated with medicament disinfection protection.Note tree body protection, it is prevented that injured.Fruit bagging.Young fruit expanding stage, can adopt following chemical control: spray 1:1:160 Bordeaux mixture or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 40% carbendazol wettable powder or d ichlorbenzuron 3000 times of liquid of No. 3 colloidal suspending agents.

The preventing and treating of canker: adopt rear Fusarium Wilt of Sweet fruit, storage after dry.Their early stage, can adopt following chemical control: 1000 times of liquid of spraying 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or 1000～1500 times of liquid of 40% carbendazim.

The preventing and treating of small heart-eating peach worm: early spring, excavated by manual work was except the cocoon of surviving the winter around trunk collar.The season of growth extracts wormed fruit at any time, takes orchard out of and burns.Ground chemical control, in the unearthed phase dispenser under tree crown of Overwintering Larvae, available 300 times of liquid of 25% Phoxim microcapsule are sprayed on ground, during then hoe buries.Availability lure observes and predicts the adult emergence period, chemical control on tree: spraying medicament uses 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25% d ichlorbenzuron, 1000～1500 times of liquid of No. 3 suspending agents, and safety interval is 20～30 days.

The preventing and treating of dichocrocis punctiferalis: winter clear garden, eliminate vector, scrape off trunk and always stick up skin, eliminate Overwintering Larvae.Keep and utilize natural enemy to prevent and treat, manual removal wormed fruit.Sweet-and-sour liquid trapping adult.Fruit bagging protects.Chemical control: availability lure observes and predicts.When adult generating capacity is big, available 2500 times of liquid of pyrethrin pesticide Emulsion spray, 20～30 days, interval.

The preventing and treating of aphid: the protection natural enemy of aphid such as ladybug, wasp fly.Place Yellow sticky trap.Wipe out killed branch top.Chemical control: before flowering or before leaf roll, it has been found that fragmentary aphid can not spray medicine, can with 400～500 times of liquid of 2.5% rotenone emulsifiable solution Emulsion time as bigger in insect density.Fruit growth period 1000～2000 times of liquid of 3% acetamiprid wettable powder or 2000～3000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 15～30 days, interval.

The preventing and treating of green plant bug: winter or early spring clear garden, kill hibernating egg.Hibernating egg incubation period, nymph are contained the phase of sending out and thank and spend rear 2500 times of liquid of spraying 20% killing logvalue Emulsion.

The preventing and treating of coccid: the female worm that survives the winter of manually erasing.Germination Qian Quan garden spray 3～5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs.Chemical control: 1～2 generation nymph hatching Sheng phase (before nymph split-up secretion waxiness) 1000～1500 times of liquid of spraying 25% Buprofezin.

(7), temperature and humidity management

Greenhouse gardening soft seed Punica granatum L. has to pass through certain low temperature time, and just can heat up breaking dormancy；Make soft seed Punica granatum L. low docile be practiced by a series of, after completing physiological change, just can cause normal sprouting, grow, bloom, result.

Early March is by after soft seed pomegranate tree field planting, and it is too fast too high that day temperature starts to rise.

Early March turned up portion on daytime insulation quilt, thin film is not rolled, and vent is suitably opened according to external weather conditions, adjust aeration-cooling day temperature and mention 13 DEG C-15 DEG C, put down insulation quilt temperature night and be maintained at 6 DEG C-8 DEG C, so maintain 3-5 days, then heat up gradually about 3-5 days, daytime, canopy temperature mentioned 16 DEG C-20 DEG C, night 7 DEG C-10 DEG C, continued 3-5 days.

Daytime in April all rolls insulation quilt, and thin film is not rolled, and suitably opens vent according to external weather conditions, adjusts aeration-cooling day temperature and mentions 20 DEG C-28 DEG C, puts down insulation quilt temperature night and is maintained at 10 DEG C-12 DEG C.

During this period, in moisture management, in booth, relative air humidity keeps 60%--70%, is so conducive to rudiment.Humidity excessive by ventilation by humidity, humidity too small sprayable, sprinkling water or watering increases humidity.

The temperature adjusting in florescence is extremely important, as too high impact is beared fruit.The temperature that florescence late April is open to be adapted to is: artificial pollination on daytime controls at 23 DEG C-28 DEG C, and honeybee pollination controls at 25 DEG C-30 DEG C, night can not low with 15 DEG C.Heat with evening according to weather condition is aeration-cooling in florescence.

Late April at florescence to mid-June, booth top film is rolled in mid-May and is no longer put down, and canopy outer temperature daytime is to adapt to pollination.Night puts down insulation quilt and heats, and reaches the temperature required evening.Reduce the temperature spread in evening on daytime to be conducive to improving percentage of fertile fruit.

From early June soft seed Punica granatum L. just can outdoor Cultivate administration, greenhouse facility carry out reinforce prevent big wind bad.

Booth humidity to control at 50%-60% at the florescence, falls blossom-control technics below 60%, and the method controlling humidity is the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and after watering, tries not florescence to water before the florescence.Insulation quilt rain cover is also put down in case of rained.Avoid impact pollination.

Soft seed Punica granatum L. progresses into the period of maturation in early September, and in order to improve fruit quality, should avoid waters and rain prevents dehiscent fruit.According to fruit maturation phase and the market demand, it is determined that harvest time.Avoid gathering under rainy day and burning sun.Gather in batches, should get on, get off when gathering, first outside and then inside be sequentially carried out, avoid damaging, stabbing and traumatic injury fruit as far as possible.

After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, being put down by greenhouse film in mid-October and all put up, during Second Year March, day temperature can not exceed 18 DEG C, and evening can not be low remaining subzero 8 DEG C, adjusts ventilation dewetting according to weather and heat work between at this moment.

(8), cold-proof management

After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, greenhouse film is transferred in mid-October and is put in order, starts to do the cold-proof program of soft seed pomegranate tree in winter.Spray 1-2 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate October continuously, or 25-30 times of calcium superphosphate mixes leaching clear liquor with plant ash, within every 7-10 days, sprays 1 time, can increase trunk infusion further, improve branch circularity, and can improve the cold tolerance of branch and bud.

At late November Later growth, should carry out topdressing late autumn in soft seed pomegranate tree root both sides, after water pass the winter water and add a cover thin film increase ground temperature.To execute phosphorus potash fertilizer, Shaoshi or not nitrogen fertilizer application.

Late May to early June and mid or late August respectively spray 1 40% paclobutrazol wettable powder 400 times, make the spring tip and summer shoot stop long, promote branch development to enrich, strengthen self tolerance to cold.

1-2 individual month spraying mark 150 times of liquid of allusion quotation chemical industry 2103 Plant antifreezer 2-3 time, every minor tick 10 days before entering the winter.Cell sap concentration can be improved after using, and form protecting film in tree surface, strengthen the freezing tolerance of plant.

By the end of October to spraying 0.1% ethephon or 0.1% ethephon+200 times of carbamide+0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor at the beginning of 11 months, force fallen leaves, promote the soft seed Punica granatum L. in Tunisia to enter dormancy ahead of time.

(3) Flos Chrysanthemi implantation methods

(1), Dendranthema morifolium Varieties is selected

Flos Chrysanthemi selection Taihang emperor chrysanthemum, Taihang emperor Chrysanthemum Compositae, short-day perennial plant, light absorptive is not strong.Dry chrysanthemum scented tea and there is the effects such as evacuation heat clearing away, suppressing the hyperactive liver improving eyesight, allaying tiredness, be Chinese crude drug, drink can be steeped again, enjoy the good reputation of " hat in chrysanthemum ", have won fame both at home and abroad, deep liking by consumers in general.(2), plantation management

Whole about late May, mu executes the corral excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 1000-1500 kilogram of compost, 80 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, about cake fertilizer double centner, ploughs deeply cultivated, smooth bedding, furrow height 20-25 centimetre, furrow width 70-80 centimetre.During transplanting, cloudy day transplanting survival rate is high after the rain in general choosing.Transplanting Density, distance between rows and hills is 50 cm x 50 centimetres, every cave field planting 2 strain, about every mu of field planting 4500 strain.At weather short of rain, when soil is moistening not, transplanting must be watered and be determined root water.Middle weeding, root lodging-prevention is stopped up in ridging.Namely at the beginning of 6 months, at the beginning of 7 months, at the beginning of 8 months and at the beginning of 9 months each 1 time general intertillage is hoed up weeds 4-5 time,.For keeping away damage root system, later stage each weeding will be earthed up heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots root, to protect root system and lodging-prevention.

(3), pinch in time beta pruning.Interim at Dendranthema Growth, to pinch 3-4 time, within the 1st time 20-25 days after transplanting, carry out.Selecting fine day, base portion stays 15 cm, and above section is all wiped out, and plans branch 4-7 branch；Carrying out in late July for 2nd time, new long branch 10 cm of sending out plucks each branch terminal bud, plans branch 50；Work of pinching must terminate by the end of July, and the paclobutrazol simultaneously spraying 1 50 millimeter/kilogram controls height of seedling, promotes root growth, tiller, increasing rough segmentation branch；Should stopping before August 10 using paclobutrazol, the interval time every time spraying paclobutrazol must reach 1 month.Can carry out the later 8-10 month the 3-4 time pruning on branch at branch, ensure that every strain has the branch of about 50 always；

(4), alabastrum is pruned

In order to ensure the quality of Flos Chrysanthemi, open about 50 of every strain plan；Late September to 10 the first tenday period of a month to prune in time on branch more than alabastrum, only stay the poppyhead on every branch.(5), rich water quality management is strengthened

Fertilising carries out general with middle weeding.6-7 month imposes light liquid dung 3-5 time, short Seedling tiller；By the end of August to early September should suitable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, mu executes about the 500 kilograms dung polluted waters become thoroughly decomposed, and promotes bud differentiation；October, Flos Chrysanthemi fertilizer requirement was big, suitable lift-augmented mechanism, can execute 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer and dung polluted water adds a small amount of carbamide pouring root, and progestogenic flower bud blooms.After alabastrum is formed, also can carry out foliage top dressing, to reach the purpose that flower is big, petal is plump, improve quality.For lodging-prevention, carrying out ridging, stop up root, on the basis of the work such as pinch, after alabastrum is formed, support must be made with bamboo stem etc. and support bolting tree bar.Staking should carry out when slightly wilting by leaf in the afternoon, in case the spray that fractures.If the arid of chance, to water in time, want ditch cleaning dewatering rainy season, it is prevented that Flos Chrysanthemi is by rotten of flood.

(6), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The coloured modification of type of Taihang emperor's chrysanthemum disease, spotted type, deformity type and necrotic type.The above disease of every discovery all can use biofungicide such as ridomil metalaxyl, Tuzet etc..Thoroughly to remove in time and to control the diseased plant do not healed, dead strain, in order to avoid jeopardizing the plant of surrounding.Mainly there is aphid mycoses that medicine can not be adopted to administer in florescence in October, booth closing sootiness 8-10 hour just can be administered.

(7), temperature treatment

Because Flos Chrysanthemi is bloomed after the Frost's Descent, the flower opened at any time is likely to by freeze injury, the thin film on booth must be transferred in 10 the first tenday period of a month and put up the pre-frost protection of booth.In canopy, daytime is at 10-25 degree, and humidity, at 60-70%, was ventilated in time and leaked informaton at 5-15 degree evening.

(8), collecting period and management after adopting

Just substantially starting October 20 to pluck, during harvesting, property goes by the open 6mm degree of every flower to pluck as requested in batches.Late November Flos Chrysanthemi is after plucking, and overground part branch body stays 5-10 centimetre to deduct from root.Bury about 10 centimeters with soil, water a water of passing the winter.

Claims

1. a greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi three batches intersection interplanting method, it is characterised in that: potted landscape fruit tree selects potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, and the dwarfted varieties precocious, disease-resistant, freexing tolerance is strong and yield is high selected by potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi；Soft seed Punica granatum L. selects the dwarfted varieties precocious, disease-resistant, freexing tolerance is strong and yield is high；Flos Chrysanthemi is selected and can be processed scented tea, heat-resisting, cold-resistant, drought resisting, disease-resistant good kind；Fruit tree booth was built up in October, and the soft seed pomegranate tree that bears fruit is planted in booth in November, manages and pass the winter in booth；Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi stunted tree of bearing fruit was planted in ventilative strong native basin in 11 the middle ten days, and moved in the space being placed between soft seed pomegranate tree strain and strain 2 meters, and Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is plucked the first tenday period of a month in May and terminated, and potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is removed booth；Between the line-spacing vacateed on vacant lot, late May plants Flos Chrysanthemi normal management, and Flos Chrysanthemi was buddingged at the beginning of 10 months, and 10 ends started to pluck processing, terminated to late November；During this period, the Cultivate administration method of potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is:

The plantation of potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is for forest interplanting, and include seed selection, soil application, upper potted plant plant, in canopy shifting put, temperature and humidity management, rich water quality management, pollination management, flower and fruit thinning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the aspect such as Training system；

(1), seed selection

Potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is selected to downgrade early-maturing variety, potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi was plucked in mid-May, strict potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi height overall of pruning controls between 1m-1.5m, and Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi habit humiture is substantially the same with soft seed Punica granatum L. humiture in booth, and Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is during greenhouse gardening, between March-May, soft seed Pomegranate Growth has not been entered into animated period, soft seed Punica granatum L. is tree-like short and small, and pomegranate leaf is narrower, uncommon to be dredged, and sunshade is not strong, do not affect the sunlight that Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi growth is required, thus not affecting Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi growth；

(2), soil application

Downgrade cherry potting and be suitable for sandy loam fertile for pH value 6-7.5, due to potted plant limited volume, therefore should creating loose well-drained soil environment nutritious, fertile, the main well-rotted farmyard manure adopting 1/4 of preparation of basin soil and the garden loam of 1/2 and the shale of 1/4 mix equal gained as far as possible；

(3), upper potted plant plant

Lifting after dwarfing Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi early November in the fall fallen leaves, goes up basin immediately after lifting, planting pot selects the mud earthen basin of diameter 500mm, high 500mm, nursery stock main root and disability root is cut off one section, with growth-promoting fibrous root before planting；Water seepage hole tile at the bottom of basin is built, to prevent basin soil from being washed out by water, but stifled too tight, ooze out in order to avoid affecting unnecessary water；

(4), in canopy, shifting is put

In late November by potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi good for field planting, in the ranks, every basin Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is taken up an area digs diameter 600mm, degree of depth 30mm circular pit to leave soft seed pomegranate tree in canopy in by one meter of line-spacing of spacing in the rows three meters, potted landscape leaves in the inside and reduces height, and 220 strains are put in every mu of shifting；

(5), temperature and humidity management

Temperature index from rudiment to each phenological period of gathering is: potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi moves on in booth to before germinateing, and on daytime 12～18 DEG C late Febuary, night 5～6 DEG C, intensification slowly to carry out；3 the first tenday period of a month germinateed to florescence, daytime 18～21 DEG C, night 8～12 DEG C；Early April fruit expanding period, daytime 22～25 DEG C, night 10～20 DEG C；Late April fruit color is to collection period, and daytime, night 12～15 DEG C, day and night temperature kept about 10 DEG C not higher than 30 DEG C；Temperature is too high leaks informaton in time, when meeting sleety weather, adding a cover one layer of heat preservation quilt night, entering canopy to budding period relative air humidity is 70%～80%, and florescence is 50%～60%, it is maintained at about 60% to the fruit harvesting phase after spending, in fruit development process, humidity amplitude of variation should be avoided as far as possible excessive, otherwise easily cause dehiscent fruit, when chamber humidity is excessive, by ventilation, control to water to regulate；When humidity is too small, carries out ground and tree body is sprayed water or watered and increases humidity；

(6), rich water quality management

In the season of growth, basin soil planted agent keeps water content about 70%, within every 10 days, water a water, the simplest method that determines whether to water is to push table soil aside to take soil hands 3 centimetres deep and hold, agglomerating expression soil moisture is passable, otherwise expression hydropenia, should water at once, notice that florescence and young fruit period to water less, loosen the soil after watering in good time, keep basin soil loosening, winter dormancy phase basin soil water content is maintained at about 60%, on the basis using sufficient base manure, the every strain of flowering fruit bearing stage imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1.5kg, water after fertilising, mid-March, blade face imposed 0.3% urea liquid, impose 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate the last ten-days period, impose 0.4% carbamide and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor mid-April；In order to promote bud differentiation, irrigation amount is not easily too much, especially in the best fruiting period, waters less and can control increment, make the cherry tree raw branch of excessive growth less, reduce developmental branch, increase bouquet branch and fruit spur, in order to improve the yield and quality, to ensure to water in time in fruit expanding period, sufficient moisture is conducive to expanding of fruit, but the water yield can not be too much, in order to avoid causing dehiscent fruit；

(7), pollination management

Apis or wall honeybee must be discharged in booth, Apis can put 1 group, every 667 square metres of wall honeybee throws in about 100, in order to prevent Apis or wall honeybee from escaping, blocking window with screen window, artificial pollination number of times should increase as one sees fit, utilizes the pollen gathering open country Prunus avium the morning, it is housed under the cold drying environment of-20 DEG C, it is provided that use to potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi artificial pollination；

(8), flower and fruit thinning

In order to improve the regularity of fruit and increase fruit mass, flower and fruit thinning should be carried out, fruit thinning after first flower thinning, before and after rudiment can flower thinning bud, alabastrum, generally have the bouquet shape Fruit branch of 7～8 buds, be thinning out modest bud and the alabastrum of about 3, retain 4～5, full bud, after physiological fallen fruit, it is thinning out fruitlet, malformed fruit, painted bad fruit, fruit mass can be made to significantly improve；

(9), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The kind of pest and disease damage is the same with land for growing field crops, but owing to protecting field air humidity is big, it is easy to infect various disease, so to rely mainly on prevention in preventing and treating；Before rudiment mid-February 15-20 days, add 3000 times of liquid of the 10% clean wettable powder of aphid louse with 30% machine oil 800 times of liquid of stone sulfur microemulsion and spray clear gardens；Early March budding period full garden 1 time 3-5 degree lime sulfur of spray or 100 times of liquid machine oil emulsions, prevent and treat the survive the winter insect pest such as aphid, scale insect and the leaf diseases such as shothole disease, leaf spot；Late March prevents and treats red neck Anoplophorae seu Aprionae, gold edge buprestid beetle florescence, and timely excavated by manual work is got rid of insects and sick leaf, sprays 0.3% borax solution and improves fruit-setting rate；The first tenday period of a month in early April to May fruit expanding period and the leaf diseases such as period of maturation attention control shothole disease, leaf spot, with big raw M45 to 800 times of liquid of water and 600 times of liquid alternating spray of 50% carbendazol wettable powder；50% carbendazim sterilization of 1 600 times of liquid is sprayed after late May fruit picking；June, early and middle ten days was prosperous for a long time to flower_bud formation phase early August and young sprout, sprayed 2 Bordeaux mixture of 1: 1: 240 times, in case leaf portion, trunk disease；Meet the insects such as boat-shaped caterpillar, Limacodidae when causing harm, carry out 1800 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of good fortune spirit with 20%；Late August to 9 the end of month the slow trophophase of young sprout, 2-3 antibacterial can be sprayed in protection blade face, selection carbendazim, Mancozeb, agricultural streptomycin etc.；The vegetative storage phase in October, the most important thing is to protect blade, note preventing early leaf fall during this, timely and appropriate discovery waters, anti-arid, clears up orchard, does orchard health well；

(10), Training system

2. a kind of greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree according to claim 1, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi three batches intersect interplanting method, it is characterised in that: the implantation methods of soft seed pomegranate tree include nursery stock choose with plant, clay fertilizer water management, pruning, flower and fruit management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, temperature and humidity management, cold-proof management seven broad aspect；

Wherein, temperature and humidity management aspect, greenhouse gardening soft seed Punica granatum L. has to pass through certain low temperature time, could intensification breaking dormancy；Make soft seed Punica granatum L. low docile be practiced by a series of, after completing physiological change, could normally sprout, grow, bloom, result；Soft seed Punica granatum L. booth is steel construction sun light green house, is equipped with thin film, insulation quilt outside steel construction from inside to outside successively；Early March is by after soft seed pomegranate tree field planting, it is too fast too high that day temperature starts to rise, and booth external film is not rolled, daytime turned up portion insulation quilt, and vent is suitably opened according to external weather conditions, adjust aeration-cooling day temperature and mention 13 DEG C-15 DEG C, put down insulation quilt temperature night and be maintained at 6 DEG C-8 DEG C, so maintain 3-5 days, then heat up gradually about 3-5 days, daytime, canopy temperature mentioned 16 DEG C-20 DEG C, night 7 DEG C-10 DEG C, continued 3-5 days；Daytime in April all rolls insulation quilt, and thin film is not rolled, and suitably opens vent according to external weather conditions, adjusts aeration-cooling day temperature and mentions 20 DEG C-28 DEG C, puts down insulation quilt night, and temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C-12 DEG C；3, April, in booth, relative air humidity keeps 60%-70%, is so conducive to rudiment, and humidity is excessive, reduces humidity by ventilation, and humidity is too small, and by spraying, sprinkling water or watering increases humidity；The temperature adjusting in florescence is extremely important, as too high impact is beared fruit, if late April artificial pollination day temperature controls at 23 DEG C-28 DEG C, if honeybee pollination day temperature controls at 25 DEG C-30 DEG C, night all lower than 15 DEG C, can not heat with evening according to weather condition is aeration-cooling in florescence；Late April at florescence to mid-June, booth top film is rolled in mid-May and is no longer put down, and night puts down insulation quilt and heats, and reaches the temperature required evening, reduces the temperature spread in evening on daytime and is conducive to improving percentage of fertile fruit to adapt to pollination daytime for canopy outer temperature；From the early June outdoor Cultivate administration of soft seed Punica granatum L., greenhouse facility carries out reinforcing prevents big wind bad；Booth humidity to control at 50%-60% at the soft seed Punica granatum L. florescence, is falling blossom-control technics below 60%, and the method controlling humidity is the dehumidifying that leaks informaton, and after watering, tries not florescence to water before the florescence, also to put down insulation quilt rain cover in case of rained, it is to avoid impact pollination；Soft seed Punica granatum L. progresses into the period of maturation in early September, in order to improve fruit quality, should avoid waters and rain prevents dehiscent fruit, according to fruit maturation phase and the market demand, determine harvest time, it is to avoid gather under rainy day and burning sun, gather in batches, should get on, get off when gathering, first outside and then inside be sequentially carried out, avoid damaging, stabbing and traumatic injury fruit as far as possible；After soft seed Punica granatum L. is plucked, being put down by greenhouse film in mid-October and all put up, during Second Year March, day temperature can not exceed 18 DEG C, and lower than subzero 8 DEG C, can not adjust ventilation dewetting according to weather between at this moment and heat work in the evening.

3. a kind of greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree according to claim 1, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi three batches intersect interplanting method, it is characterised in that: Flos Chrysanthemi adopts Taihang emperor chrysanthemum, and its concrete implantation methods is:

(1), plantation management

Whole about late May, mu executes the corral excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 1000-1500 kilogram of compost, 80 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, about cake fertilizer double centner, plough deeply cultivated, smooth bedding, furrow height 20-25 centimetre, furrow width 70-80 centimetre, during transplanting, cloudy day transplanting survival rate is high after the rain in general choosing, Transplanting Density, distance between rows and hills is 50 cm x 50 centimetres, every cave field planting 2 strain, about every mu of field planting 4500 strain, at weather short of rain, when soil is moistening not, transplanting must be watered and be determined root water, middle weeding, root lodging-prevention is stopped up in ridging, general intertillage is hoed up weeds 4 times, namely at the beginning of 6 months, at the beginning of 7 months, with at the beginning of 9 months each 1 time at the beginning of 8 months, for keeping away damage root system, later stage each weeding will be earthed up heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots root, to protect root system and lodging-prevention；

(2), pinch in time beta pruning

(3), alabastrum is pruned

In order to ensure the quality of Flos Chrysanthemi, open about 50 of every strain plan；To prune the unnecessary alabastrum on branch in late September to 10 the first tenday period of a month in time, only stay the poppyhead on every branch；

(4), rich water quality management

Fertilising carries out general with middle weeding；6-7 month imposes light liquid dung 3-5 time, short Seedling tiller；By the end of August to early September should suitable increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, mu executes about the 500 kilograms dung polluted waters become thoroughly decomposed, and promotes bud differentiation；October, Flos Chrysanthemi fertilizer requirement was big, suitable lift-augmented mechanism, executes 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer and dung polluted water adds a small amount of carbamide pouring root, and progestogenic flower bud blooms；After alabastrum is formed, carry out foliage top dressing, to reach the purpose that flower is big, petal is plump, improve quality；For lodging-prevention, carrying out ridging, stop up root, on the basis of the work such as pinch, after alabastrum is formed, support must be made with bamboo stem etc. and support bolting tree bar；Staking should carry out when slightly wilting by leaf in the afternoon, in case the spray that fractures；If the arid of chance, to water in time, want ditch cleaning dewatering rainy season, it is prevented that Flos Chrysanthemi is by rotten of flood；

(5), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The coloured modification of type of Taihang emperor's chrysanthemum disease, spotted type, deformity type and necrotic type, the above disease of every discovery all uses biofungicide ridomil metalaxyl, Tuzet etc.；Thoroughly removing in time and to control the diseased plant do not healed, dead strain, in order to avoid jeopardizing the plant of surrounding, mainly having aphid mycoses that medicine can not be adopted to administer in florescence in October, booth closing sootiness 8-10 hour just can be administered；

(6), temperature treatment

Because Flos Chrysanthemi is bloomed after the Frost's Descent, the flower opened at any time is likely to by freeze injury, the thin film on booth must be transferred in 10 the first tenday period of a month and put up the pre-frost protection of booth, and in canopy, daytime is at 10-25 degree, and humidity, at 60-70%, was ventilated in time and leaked informaton at 5-15 degree evening；

(7), collecting period and management after adopting

4. a kind of greenhouse gardening potted landscape fruit tree according to claim 1, soft seed Punica granatum L., Flos Chrysanthemi three batches intersect interplanting method, it is characterised in that: potted landscape Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is replaced with potted landscape blue berry.