CN111406597A - Citrus orchard flower growing cultivation method - Google Patents

Citrus orchard flower growing cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111406597A
CN111406597A CN202010457475.9A CN202010457475A CN111406597A CN 111406597 A CN111406597 A CN 111406597A CN 202010457475 A CN202010457475 A CN 202010457475A CN 111406597 A CN111406597 A CN 111406597A
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flowering
plants
citrus
orchard
short
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Inventor
熊章栋
樊治容
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Jiang'an Kangyuan Agricultural Development Co ltd
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Jiang'an Kangyuan Agricultural Development Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/60Flowers; Ornamental plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

Abstract

A method for planting citrus in an orchard by growing flowers relates to the technical field of modern agricultural cultivation, and a mode of selecting herbaceous flower plants of specific varieties to be interplanted with citrus trees is an upgrading mode of growing grass. It can achieve the following effects: water and fertilizer are preserved, and the ecology of the orchard is improved; the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the soil structure is improved; the orchard flower growing can fully play the continuous control function of natural enemies on pests, and reduce the pesticide consumption; the fruit quality is improved, the effective contents of phosphorus, calcium and the like in soil can be increased by the flower growing in the orchard, the soluble solid content and the fruit hardness in the fruit are increased, the disease resistance and the storage resistance of the fruit are improved, the fruit coloring is promoted, and the physiological diseases are reduced; in addition, the ground covered by the raw flowers can reduce the fruit drop before picking and the damage of the fruits during picking; the surface water accumulation of the orchard is less after rain, and the emission of rainwater can be accelerated by the massive transpiration of the grass quilt, so that the damage of rain and waterlogging is reduced; the greater effect is the beautifying effect of the herbaceous flowers.

Description

Citrus orchard flower growing cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of modern agricultural cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating flowers in a citrus orchard.
Background
The soil is a carrier of the orchard, the quality condition of the soil determines the growth condition of fruit trees and the ecological condition of the orchard to a great extent, and the yield and the quality of fruits are influenced. The orchard carries out grass growing cultivation, can reduce the volume weight of soil, increase the water permeability and water holding capacity of the soil, effectively improve the activity of soil enzymes, activate the activities of soil microorganisms, increase the mobility of nutrients such as soil N, P, K and the like, slow down the evaporation of soil moisture, promote the formation of granular structures and improve the effective pores and the water holding capacity of the soil. The conventional general method for growing grass in an orchard only provides ecological functions and cannot completely meet the user requirements of the times of sightseeing agriculture, leisure agriculture, experience agriculture and health-care agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a reasonable citrus orchard flower growing cultivation method, which replaces conventional herbaceous plants with seasonal herbaceous flowers and can add beautifying and sightseeing functions on the basis of not reducing the grass growing cultivation effect.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a method for flowering cultivation in citrus orchard comprises the following steps:
dividing a seeding area between citrus trees in the citrus orchard, wherein the distance between the edge of the seeding area and each citrus tree is not less than 0.6 m; the seeds of the herbaceous flower plants are selected according to the flowering phase of the plants to be sown in the sowing area, and the height of the adult plants of the herbaceous flower plants is lower than 30 cm.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a flowering cultivation method for a citrus orchard, which selects a mode of interplanting herbaceous flower plants of specific varieties with citrus trees. It can achieve the following effects: 1. water and fertilizer retention, and can improve the ecology of the orchard particularly for sandy soil of the texture; 2. the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the soil structure is good; 3. the raw grass can fully play the continuous control role of natural enemies to pests, reduce the pesticide consumption and is an effective way for biologically controlling the pests; 4. the fruit quality is improved, the effective contents of phosphorus, calcium and the like in soil can be increased by growing grass in an orchard, the soluble solid content and the fruit hardness in the fruit are increased, the disease resistance and the storage stability of the fruit are improved, the fruit coloring is promoted, and the physiological diseases are reduced, so that the commodity value of the fruit is improved; in addition, the ground covered by the grass can reduce the fruit drop before picking and the damage of the fruit when picking; 5. the surface water accumulation of the grass orchard is less after rain, the emission of rainwater can be accelerated by the massive transpiration of the grass quilt, and compared with a clear ploughing garden, the damage of the grass orchard caused by rain and waterlogging is less; 6. the greater effect is the beautifying effect of the herbaceous flowers.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The method for cultivating the flowering plants in the citrus orchard according to the embodiment of the invention is specifically described below.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for culturing flowers in a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps:
dividing a seeding area between citrus trees in the citrus orchard, wherein the distance between the edge of the seeding area and each citrus tree is not less than 0.6 m; the seeds of the herbaceous flower plants are selected according to the flowering phase of the plants to be sown in the sowing area, and the height of the adult plants of the herbaceous flower plants is lower than 50 cm.
The selection of the variety of the herbaceous flower plants needs to comprehensively consider various environmental factors of the orchard, such as climate, soil, moisture and the like. In summary, the herbaceous flower plants which have the height of less than 30cm and shallow main roots and can naturally change seasons and regenerate are selected as much as possible; for some plants, the width can be widened to 50 cm, but the water and fertilizer competition of the citrus trees is controlled to avoid influencing the yield of the citrus trees. Meanwhile, according to the requirements of the orchard florescence, the flowering characteristics of different herbaceous flower plant varieties are combined, the variety optimization collocation can be performed according to the change of seasons, and the effects of season change green supplement, alternate flowering periods and brocade breeding are ensured.
Further, according to the above variety requirements, the herbaceous flower plant specifically comprises at least one of white clover, red clover, dandelion, ageratum thistle, arrow-tongue pea, catharanthus roseus, vetch, february, butterfly orchid, zinnia, boswellia and tulip.
The herbaceous flower plants are divided into two main types of long-flowering plants and short-flowering plants according to the length of a flowering period, the flowering period of the long-flowering plants is 1-12 months, namely the long-flowering plants can bloom in every month, such as ageratum and catharanthus roseus, but the demand of the plants on nutrition is high, and the nutrition competition of the plants on citrus trees needs to be controlled. The short-flowering plant refers to a herbaceous flower plant with a few months of flowering period each year, and specifically, the short-flowering plant is divided into three subclasses, namely an early-flowering plant, a middle-flowering plant and a late-flowering plant according to the flowering period distribution in the embodiment of the invention. Wherein the early flowering plant refers to herbaceous flower plants with flowering period of 3-6 months, such as trifolium repens (3-6 months), dandelion (4-9 months), cymbidium february (4-5 months), tulip (3-5 months), boswellia rosea (5-6 months, 9-11 months) and butterfly orchid (3-5 months); the plants in the middle flowering period refer to herbaceous flower plants with the flowering period of 6-9 months, such as red clover (7-8 months), dandelion (4-9 months), vetch (6-8 months), arrow pea (6-7 months), zinnia (6-10 months) and the like; the late flowering plant refers to a herbaceous flower plant with a flowering period of 9-11 months, and comprises a zinnia (6-10 months), a boswellia (5-6 months, 9-11 months) and the like. Part of the herbaceous flower plants with long florescence span can be simultaneously divided into two subclasses, for example, the florescence of the zinnia is 6-10 months, and the zinnia is used as a middle florescence plant and a late florescence plant; as another example, the flowering time of Calliopsis is 5-6 months and 9-11 months, which is used as both early and late flowering plants; for example, the dandelion has a flowering stage of 4-9 months, and is used as both early flowering plants and mid-flowering plants.
Further, one way to select herbaceous flower plants based on their flowering time is: at least one of the plants in the short-flowering period is selected to be planted in combination with at least one of the plants in the long-flowering period. Before the plants in the short flowering period are opened or withered, the plants in the long flowering period are used as supplements, and the beautifying effect on the citrus orchard is kept. It should be noted that the long-flowering plant has strong competition for water and fertilizer, and when the method is adopted, the short-flowering plant is taken as the main part, the long-flowering plant is taken as the auxiliary part, and the sowing ratio of the long-flowering plant to the short-flowering plant is 1: 2 to 5. Meanwhile, the demarcating range of the seeding area can be reduced to the extent that the distance between the edge of the seeding area and each citrus tree is not less than 0.8m, so that the water and fertilizer supply of the citrus trees is ensured.
Further, another way to select herbaceous flower plants according to their flowering time is: and selecting a plurality of short-flowering plants for matched planting, wherein at least two varieties of the short-flowering plants belong to different categories of early-flowering plants, middle-flowering plants and late-flowering plants. When the seeds are selected, the flowering phases of various short-flowering plants are staggered as much as possible, so that the various short-flowering plants can bloom in turn, and the flowering period of a citrus orchard is prolonged. For example, when dandelion is selected, the later-flowering plant of zinnia elegans or boswellia japonica can be selected for matching due to the fact that the flowering period of the dandelion is distributed in 4-9 months. When the boswellia rosea is selected, the blooming period is 5-6 months and 9-11 months, and the blank time between 6-9 months can supplement the three leaves or the vetch in the middle blooming period, so that the optimal blooming effect is achieved. In addition, because the short-flowering plants have no obvious water and fertilizer competition difference, the sowing proportion of the early-flowering plants, the middle-flowering plants and the late-flowering plants in various short-flowering plants is basically kept consistent when the plants are interplanted, so that the flower expanding effect in different periods is ensured.
Besides, besides the collocation of the flowering phase, the short flowering phases of the red three leaves, the white three leaves and the like can be utilized, but the plants which are not withered in winter can be used, and the grass leaves of the plants are used for continuously increasing the green meaning of the citrus orchard after other plants blossom and wither.
The seeding amount of the seeds of the herbaceous flower plants is 1-3 kg/mu, and the seeding depth is 1-2 cm. Under the general condition, the seeding rate is 1-2 kg/mu, but for some large-particle seeds, the seeding rate can reach 2-3 kg/mu. Within the range, the planting density of the herbaceous flower plants is proper, and the required flower spreading effect is achieved while the growth of the citrus fruit trees is ensured.
Before sowing, seeds of herbaceous flower plants are soaked in warm water at 20-30 ℃ for 10-15 hours, and then are mixed with fine sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-1.5, and sowing after uniformly stirring to promote the emergence of seedlings. After sowing, if the soil has insufficient water, irrigation is needed for supplement after sowing. And (3) covering a sunshade net or wetting straws in drought weather after sowing, removing weeds for multiple times in the seedling stage and the later stage, fertilizing and irrigating after 15-30 days of seedling emergence, and performing normal fertilizer water management and protection without applying pesticides.
Furthermore, before sowing, soil preparation and fertilization need to be carried out on the citrus orchard, the used fertilizers comprise 40-80 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate fertilizer and 2000-3000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer, and the growth requirements of citrus fruit trees and herbaceous flower plants are guaranteed.
After the flowering period, the herbaceous flower plants seed, after the seeds are mature and naturally disperse, the green pressing and cutting treatment can be carried out on the plants which can not be naturally killed, and the plants which can be naturally killed can play a continuing role through seed germination or rhizome regeneration. In addition, the mature seeds can be harvested and sowed in other land parcels, so that the cost for purchasing the seeds outside is saved.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for growing flowers in a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps:
s1, land preparation and fertilization:
before seeding, weeds in a citrus orchard are removed, base fertilizer is applied, a seeding area is defined, the distance between the edge of the seeding area and citrus trees is 0.8-1 m, and soil in the seeding area is subjected to scarification and tidying.
S2, sowing:
the ageratum and zinnia seeds to be used were then mixed at a ratio of 1: 3, soaking in warm water for 14 hours, and then adding fine sand according to the proportion of 1: 1.5, and stirring. In last 3 months, selecting cloudy days, sowing at the temperature of about 10 ℃ in the citrus orchard soil when the soil is good or after rain, wherein the sowing amount is 1.0-2.0 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm.
S3, seedling management:
and (3) covering a sunshade net or wetting straws in drought weather after sowing, removing weeds for multiple times in the seedling stage and the later stage, fertilizing and irrigating after 15-30 days of seedling emergence, and performing normal fertilizer water management and protection without applying pesticides.
S4. flowering phase display:
the flowering habit of ageratum thistle is exerted, the ageratum thistle can bloom in 1-12 months, and the method is suitable for early, medium and late-maturing varieties such as girl-like 38 orchards, spring orchards and citrus orchards, and contributes to beautiful scenery for tourists and visitors. Considering that the ageratum thistle plants are higher, the planting row distance from the fruit trees is a little longer, the water and fertilizer competitiveness is weakened, and the short-flowering plant zinnia elegans is matched for interplanting.
S5, green pressing:
after the flowers are ripe, seeds are set, and after the seeds are ripe and naturally loose, the seeds which cannot be naturally killed can be pressed green and cut green, and the seeds which can be naturally killed can be germinated or regenerated by roots and stems to play a continuous role.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a method for growing flowers in a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps:
s1, land preparation and fertilization:
before seeding, weeds in a citrus orchard are removed, base fertilizer is applied, a seeding area is defined, the distance between the edge of the seeding area and an citrus fruit tree is 0.6-0.8 m, and soil in the seeding area is turned up and sorted.
S2, sowing:
the phalaenopsis seed and the boswellia seed to be used were then mixed at a rate of 1: 1, soaking in warm water for 10 hours, and then adding fine sand according to the proportion of 1: 1, and stirring uniformly. In last 3 months, selecting cloudy days, sowing at the temperature of about 10 ℃ in the citrus orchard soil when the soil is good or after rain, wherein the sowing amount is 1.0-2.0 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm.
S3, seedling management:
and (3) covering a sunshade net or wetting straws in drought weather after sowing, removing weeds for multiple times in the seedling stage and the later stage, fertilizing and irrigating after 15-30 days of seedling emergence, and performing normal fertilizer water management and protection without applying pesticides.
S4. flowering phase display:
the flowering habit of the butterfly orchid in the flowering period of 4-6 months is well exerted, and the butterfly orchid is suitable for middle and late-maturing varieties such as orchards with unknown fire and orchards with summer orange, and contributes to beautiful scenery for tourists and guests. In view of the short flowering period of the phalaenopsis in one year, the phalaenopsis can be matched with the boswellia for composite planting, and the flowering period is prolonged.
S5, green pressing:
after the flowers are ripe, seeds are set, and after the seeds are ripe and naturally loose, the seeds which cannot be naturally killed can be pressed green and cut green, and the seeds which can be naturally killed can be germinated or regenerated by roots and stems to play a continuous role.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a method for growing flowers in a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps:
s1, land preparation and fertilization:
before seeding, weeds in a citrus orchard are removed, base fertilizer is applied, a seeding area is defined, the distance between the edge of the seeding area and an citrus fruit tree is 0.6-0.8 m, and soil in the seeding area is turned up and sorted.
S2, sowing:
the orychophragmus violaceus seeds and the zinnia pertussis seeds to be used were then mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, soaking in warm water for 10 hours, and then adding fine sand according to the proportion of 1: 1, and stirring uniformly. In last 3 months, selecting cloudy days, sowing at the temperature of about 10 ℃ in the citrus orchard soil when the soil is good or after rain, wherein the sowing amount is 1.0-2.0 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm.
S3, seedling management:
and (3) covering a sunshade net or wetting straws in drought weather after sowing, removing weeds for multiple times in the seedling stage and the later stage, fertilizing and irrigating after 15-30 days of seedling emergence, and performing normal fertilizer water management and protection without applying pesticides.
S4. flowering phase display:
the flowering habit of February in the 4-5 months of the flowering period is well exerted, the method is suitable for middle-and late-maturing varieties such as orchards with unknown fire and orchards with summer orange, and contributes to beautiful scenery for tourists and guests. Due to the fact that the florescence of February is short in one year, the February can be planted in combination with the zinnia elegans, and the florescence is prolonged.
S5, green pressing:
after the flowers are ripe, seeds are set, and after the seeds are ripe and naturally loose, the seeds which cannot be naturally killed can be pressed green and cut green, and the seeds which can be naturally killed can be germinated or regenerated by roots and stems to play a continuous role.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for growing flowers in a citrus orchard, which comprises the following steps:
s1, land preparation and fertilization:
before seeding, weeds in a citrus orchard are removed, base fertilizer is applied, a seeding area is defined, the distance between the edge of the seeding area and an citrus fruit tree is 0.6-0.8 m, and soil in the seeding area is turned up and sorted.
S2, sowing:
the dandelion seeds and red clover seeds to be used were then mixed at a ratio of 1: 1, soaking in warm water for 12 hours, and then adding fine sand according to the proportion of 1: 1, and stirring uniformly. In last 3 months, selecting cloudy days, sowing at the temperature of about 10 ℃ in the citrus orchard soil when the soil is good or after rain, wherein the sowing amount is 1.0-2.0 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 1-2 cm.
S3, seedling management:
and (3) covering a sunshade net or wetting straws in drought weather after sowing, removing weeds for multiple times in the seedling stage and the later stage, fertilizing and irrigating after 15-30 days of seedling emergence, and performing normal fertilizer water management and protection without applying pesticides.
S4. flowering phase display:
the flowering habit of the dandelion is well exerted, the flowering period is 4-9 months, and the dandelion is suitable for late-maturing varieties such as citrus aurantium orchard and contributes to beauty for tourists and guests. However, dandelion gradually withers after the late autumn, and basically cannot be seen in winter, after the dandelion is planted with the red three leaves in a matching way, although the flowering period of the red three leaves is not in winter and spring, the red three leaves cannot completely wither after the late autumn, and grass leaves of the dandelion can also green a citrus orchard in winter and spring.
S5, green pressing:
after the flowers are ripe, seeds are set, and after the seeds are ripe and naturally loose, the seeds which cannot be naturally killed can be pressed green and cut green, and the seeds which can be naturally killed can be germinated or regenerated by roots and stems to play a continuous role.
In conclusion, the embodiment of the invention provides a citrus orchard flower growing cultivation method, relates to the technical field of modern agricultural cultivation, and is an upgrading form of grass growing cultivation by selecting a mode of interplanting herbaceous flowering plants of specific varieties and citrus fruit trees. It can achieve the following effects: 1. water and fertilizer are preserved, and the ecology of the orchard is improved; 2. the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the soil structure is improved; 3. orchard grass (flowers) can give full play to the continuous control action of natural enemies on pests, and the pesticide consumption is reduced; 4. the fruit quality is improved, the grass (flowers) growing in the orchard can improve the effective content of phosphorus, calcium and the like in soil, increase the content of soluble solid matters in the fruits and the hardness of the fruits, improve the disease resistance and the storage resistance of the fruits, promote the coloring of the fruits and reduce physiological diseases; in addition, the ground covered by the raw grass (flowers) can reduce the fruit drop before picking and the damage of the fruit when picking; 5. the surface water accumulation of the orchard with the grass (flowers) is less after rain, and the emission of rainwater can be accelerated by the massive transpiration of the grass quilt, so that the damage of rain and water logging is reduced; 6. the greater effect is the beautifying effect of the herbaceous flowers.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for culturing flowers in a citrus orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
demarcating a seeding area between citrus fruit trees in the citrus orchard, wherein the distance between the edge of the seeding area and each citrus fruit tree is not less than 0.6 m; and selecting seeds of herbaceous flower plants according to the flowering phase of the plants to be sown in the sowing area, wherein the height of the adult plants of the herbaceous flower plants is lower than 50 cm.
2. The citrus orchard flowering plant of claim 1, wherein the herbaceous flower plants comprise at least one of white clover, red clover, dandelion, ageratum thistle, arrow-headed pea, catharanthus roseus, vetch, february, butterfly orchid, zinnia, boswellia, and tulip.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the herbaceous flower plants are divided into long-flowering plants and short-flowering plants according to the length of flowering, and the short-flowering plants are divided into early-flowering plants, middle-flowering plants and late-flowering plants according to the distribution of flowering; wherein said plants in the flowering stage comprise ageratum and vinca; the early flowering plants comprise white clover, dandelion, february, tulip, cosmos and phalaenopsis, the middle flowering plants comprise red clover, dandelion, vetch, arrow pea and whooping chrysanthemum, and the late flowering plants comprise white chrysanthemum and cosmos.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the herbaceous flower plants are selected according to their flowering time by:
and selecting at least one of the short-flowering plants, and planting the short-flowering plants in a matched manner with at least one of the long-flowering plants.
5. The citrus orchard flowering method according to claim 4, wherein the sowing ratio of the long-flowering plants to the short-flowering plants is 1: 2 to 5.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the herbaceous flower plants are selected according to their flowering time by:
selecting a plurality of the plants in the short-flowering stage for matched planting, wherein at least two varieties of the plants in the short-flowering stage belong to different categories of the plants in the early-flowering stage, the plants in the mid-flowering stage and the plants in the late-flowering stage.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the early-, mid-and late-flowering plants of the plurality of short-flowering plants are sown at substantially the same rate.
8. The citrus orchard flower growing cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of seeds of herbaceous flower plants is 1-3 kg/mu, and the seeding depth is 1-2 cm.
9. The method for flowering in citrus orchards according to claim 8, wherein the seeds of the herbaceous flower plants are soaked in warm water at 20-30 ℃ for 10-15 hours before being sown, and then are mixed with fine sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 1-1.5, uniformly stirring and then sowing.
10. The method for flowering in citrus orchards according to claim 9, wherein before seeding, soil preparation and fertilization are performed on the citrus orchards, and the fertilizers used comprise 40-80 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate fertilizer and 2000-3000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer.
CN202010457475.9A 2020-05-26 2020-05-26 Citrus orchard flower growing cultivation method Pending CN111406597A (en)

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