CN108157054A - The multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree - Google Patents
The multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157054A CN108157054A CN201610941807.4A CN201610941807A CN108157054A CN 108157054 A CN108157054 A CN 108157054A CN 201610941807 A CN201610941807 A CN 201610941807A CN 108157054 A CN108157054 A CN 108157054A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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Abstract
The present invention relates to wine-growing technical fields, are a kind of multi-source root system greenhouse breeding methods of grape pot tree.This method includes site preparation, plant, field planting, cultivate and etc., the present invention is under identical field scale, can than conventional grape planting process cultivation scale more cultivate 32 times, 5 times to 10 times more than general planting method yield, illustrating can be by preventing rich water Loss by leaching by the method for the present invention, realize nutrient absorption diversification, replace the measures such as fertile soil, effectively promote nutrient growth and the reproductive growth of grape, to the yield of grape, the more conventional cultivation of quality is significantly increased, it can realize " movable type " cultivation of two crops in one year, increase product and supply, increase Table Grape deposits the phase, it is appreciated for sightseeing traveler's anniversary, it can also sell outward, further improve the utility value of grape, and the method for the present invention is very suitable for ground, the place of water shortage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wine-growing technical fields, are a kind of multi-source root system greenhouse breeding methods of grape pot tree.
Background technology
Grape is perennial liana, is lasted a long time, after field planting will in fixed position growth result for many years, need compared with
Big underground nutrition volume.And grape root system tender tissue is meat, growth point, which downwardly and outwardly stretches to meet obstructions, just to stop
Only advance, in order to which grape root system is made to occupy larger room in the soil, reach " well established and vigorously developing ", it will before grape is transplanted
Planting furrow is dug.Grape planting process conventional at present is garden planting, after the plant time preferably falls leaves in the fall or spring rudiment
Before, 1 year one batch of fruit of thing, not only low output, but also utility value is low.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree, overcome the above-mentioned prior art it
Deficiency can effectively solve the problems, such as that conventional grape planting process low output, utility value are low.
The technical scheme is that realized by following measures：A kind of multi-source root system greenhouse training of grape pot tree
Method is educated, is carried out as follows：The first step, site preparation are first plowed in the greenhouse chosen, and the depth plowed is 50
Centimetre to 70 centimetres, then spread successively in the ground ploughed 20 centimetres to 25 centimetres sand, 10 centimetres to 12 centimetres of nutrient
And the dregs of fat, the dregs of fat amount of laying is 1000kg/ mus to 1500kg/ mus；Second step, plant, in whole good ground direct motion plant Portugal
Grape tree, two row vines are one group of vine, and it is in 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres, every group that often the distance between row vine, which is spacing in the rows,
The distance between vine of adjacent rows be 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres, the distance between two adjacent groups vine for 0.6 meter extremely
1.5 meters, field planting water is filled with enough after having transplanted vine；Third walks, field planting, and support is placed on corresponding often capable ground viny
Frame corresponds to every vine on supporting rack and places a flowerpot, and the bottom of each flowerpot beats a diameter of 2 centimetres to 3.5 centimetres
Hole, vine hitch frame in flowerpot is set, selects the taper point traction of the grape nursery stock with 1 to 2 healthy and strong bud eye
It is located at directly through hole in flowerpot, remaining sublateral shoot removes at once, and Nutrition Soil is then filled up in flowerpot；4th step, training
Educate, control greenhouse in air themperature be 18 DEG C to 30 DEG C, air humidity is 60% to 70%, be colonized current year flowerpot in slightly in flower
Root system is formed in basin and starts to germinate, a main stem is then stayed, it is made to be grown up along vine hitch frame, when main stem is upward
Carry out pinching when growing to the top of vine hitch frame, winter, which cuts off, is left to ripe section position after main stem, each in second year main stem
After bud is sprouted, continue to draw it growing up, and be uniformly covered with hitch frame face, remaining sublateral shoot removes at once, eventually forms same Portugal
Grape tree draws the tree-like of rack-like, after grape pot maturation result, directly cuts the vine branches and tendrils of flowerpot bottom, has been tied
Fruit is for the grape pot tree of appreciation；5th step purchases new flowerpot, and the basin of next year can be carried out by repeating third step and the 4th step
It plants multi-source root system viny to cultivate, repeats to obtain grape pot tree.
Here is the further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical solution：
Farm manure that the Nutrition Soil loaded in above-mentioned flowerpot is 10% to 20%, 10% to 30% vermiculite, 10% to 15% sawdust,
The mixture of the sand of 20% to 30% perlite, 10% to 15% skin fertile soil and surplus；Or/and according to grape pot tree
Multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method carries out plantation thing two crops in one year fruit viny, and first batch of fruit is ripe in mid-February, second batch
Fruit carries out autumn fertilising when entering rest period in early August maturation, grape before and after mid-September, carries out the winter within 1 week or so after fallen leaves
Season pruning, and clean the residual branch of fallen leaves.
It is above-mentioned that first week daytime temperature is 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, night temperature is 6 DEG C to 10 DEG C since the vernalization phase viny, second
All daytime temperature are 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, night temperature is 10 DEG C to 15 DEG C, and the daytime temperature in third week is 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, night temperature is 10 DEG C to 15
DEG C, the temperature round the clock in young sprout growth period is 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, and the temperature round the clock in florescence is 18 DEG C to 28 DEG C, the young fruit development phase
Temperature is 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C round the clock, and the daytime temperature of fruit color phase is 28 DEG C to 30 DEG C, night temperature is 16 DEG C to 18 DEG C.
The above-mentioned provided underground caliduct in greenhouse sets vent window at the top of greenhouse；Or/and it is set in greenhouse
It is equipped with temperature reducing humidifier；Or/and it is equipped with sunshade net on the outer surface of greenhouse；Or/and laying drop is canned in greenhouse
It puts.
Sprayed in above-mentioned 3 days to 5 days before florescence viny and in 3 days to 10 days of florescence 1 time to 3 times it is mixed
Hefei material I, mixed fertilizer I be 0.5% to 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30% to 40% urea mixture, mixed fertilizer I
Dosage is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus, while depth of soils 5cm to 20cm applications " Thailand's board composite microbe fertilizer long in greenhouse
Material ", the dosage of " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus, 7 days to 10 before florescence viny
In it, vine sprays boracic aqueous solution 70kg to 100kg per acre, and the ratio of boron and water is 1 in boracic aqueous solution:800 to 1：
1000；Or/and in each stage in vine educating the young fruit expanding stage in fruit later stage, slow growth period and fructescence, spray
Apply 1 time to 3 times mixed fertilizer I, potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mixed fertilizer I is 0.5% to 0.6%, the mixture of 30% to 40% urea,
The dosage of mixed fertilizer I is 4kg/ mus to 8kg/ mus, while " Thailand's board is compound long for depth of soils 5cm to 20cm applications in greenhouse
Microbial manure ", the dosage of " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus；Or/and stop viny
The dormancy phase carries out autumn fertilising, and the autumn adds 2 tons to 4 tons of farm manure, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10kg to 20kg per acre when applying fertilizer；Or/and in grape
Set young sprout growth period fruitful branch pinching when, nutrition branch pinching when, main side branches and tendrils pinching when and young sprout grow to 5 leaves to 6
The diammonium hydrogen phosphate of Ye Shi, every time sprinkling 3%, the dosage of 3% diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 8 kilograms to 15 kilograms per acre.
Above-mentioned hitch frame is fixedly linked by four supporting rod upstanding upper ends and makes shelf, is highly 0.8 meter to 1 meter, traction
The lower end of frame is inserted into the soil in flowerpot；Or/and the width of supporting rack is 40 centimetres to 60 centimetres, length is viny with often going
Row length；Or/and vine selects early first Na, rose morning, Rizamat, red earth grafting kind.
The present invention under identical field scale, can than conventional grape planting process cultivation scale more cultivate 32 times,
On each grape pot can 1 kilogram or so of result, greenhouse can be 1700 kilograms with yield per acre, 5 more than general planting method yield
Again to 10 times, illustrate that fertilizer can be replaced by preventing rich water Loss by leaching, realizing nutrient absorption diversification by the method for the present invention
The measures such as fertile soil effectively promote nutrient growth and the reproductive growth of grape, and the more conventional cultivation of the yield, quality to grape is equal
It is significantly increased, can realize " movable type " cultivation of two crops in one year, increase product and supply, increase Table Grape deposits the phase,
It appreciates, can also be sold outward for sightseeing traveler's anniversary, further improve the utility value of grape, and the method for the present invention
It is very suitable for the place of ground, water shortage.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is not limited by following embodiments, can be determined according to the technique and scheme of the present invention with actual conditions specific
Embodiment.Various chemical reagent and chemical article are previously mentioned in the present invention unless otherwise specified, is known in existing technology
Common chemical reagent and chemical article；Percentage in the present invention is as being mass percent without specified otherwise；The present invention
In water as without specified otherwise, being tap water or pure water；It is that solvent is if the solution in the present invention is without specified otherwise
The aqueous solution of water, for example, hydrochloric acid solution is aqueous hydrochloric acid solution；Room temperature in the present invention refers generally to 15 DEG C to 25 DEG C of temperature,
It is commonly defined as 25 DEG C.
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described：
Embodiment 1, the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of the grape pot tree carry out as follows：The first step, site preparation first exist
It plows in the greenhouse chosen, the depth plowed is 50 centimetres to 70 centimetres, then spreads 20 successively in the ground ploughed
Sand, 10 centimetres to 12 centimetres of nutrient and the dregs of fat centimetre to 25 centimetres, the dregs of fat amount of laying for 1000kg/ mus extremely
1500kg/ mus；Second step, plant, in whole good ground direct motion plant vine, two row vines are one group of vine, are often gone
The distance between vine is that spacing in the rows is that the distance between vine of adjacent rows is 20 lis in 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres, every group
For rice to 30 centimetres, the distance between two adjacent groups vine is 0.6 meter to 1.5 meters, and field planting water is filled with enough after having transplanted vine；The
Three steps, field planting place supporting rack on corresponding often capable ground viny, every vine are corresponded on supporting rack and places one
A diameter of 2 centimetres to 3.5 centimetres of hole is beaten in a flowerpot, the bottom of each flowerpot, and vine hitch frame is set in flowerpot, is selected
The taper point traction of grape nursery stock with 1 to 2 healthy and strong bud eye its be located in flowerpot directly through hole, remaining sublateral shoot
At once it removes, Nutrition Soil is then filled up in flowerpot；4th step, cultivate, control greenhouse in air themperature for 18 DEG C to 30 DEG C,
Air humidity is 60% to 70%, is colonized root system is formed slightly in flowerpot and starts to germinate in current year flowerpot, then stays a master
It is climing, it is made to be grown up along vine hitch frame, pinching is carried out when main stem is grown up to the top of vine hitch frame,
Winter cuts off and ripe section position is left to after main stem, after each bud is sprouted in second year main stem, continues to draw it growing up, and uniform cloth
Full hitch frame face, remaining sublateral shoot remove at once, eventually form the tree-like of same vine traction rack-like, treat grape pot maturation result
Afterwards, the vine branches and tendrils of flowerpot bottom are directly cut, result is obtained and supplies the grape pot tree appreciated；5th step is purchased new
Flowerpot, the multi-source root system of grape pot tree that next year can be carried out by repeating third step and the 4th step are cultivated, repeat to obtain potting
Vine.The grape planting process carried out using the method for the present embodiment, multiple european grape roots are cultivated on same grape nursery stock
System, Dual-layer are cultivated, and root system is developed by multi-source, realize many-sided planting type for absorbing nutrient growth and reproductive growth,
More stones are sandy, under the Gobi deserf ecological condition of the few water of few soil, illumination abundance, implement multi-source root system cultivation technique, be to collect
Into on the basis of the cultivation techniques such as water-saving, section fertilizer, soil moved in improve the original, nuisanceless, with modern means of science and technology cultivate soil root system, potting root
System, two-way offer root system nutrition and moisture adjust the growth of grape and as a result, and then relatively precisely supply root water uptake, inhale
A kind of novel cultivation technique of fertilizer, the present invention can cultivate 32 more under identical field scale than conventional grape planting process
Times, on each grape pot can 1 kilogram or so of result, greenhouse can be 1700 kilograms with yield per acre, than 5 times of general planting fado
To 10 times, and the method for the present invention is very suitable for the place of planting site shortage.
Embodiment 2, with embodiment 1 the difference lies in, in the first step, the depth plowed is 50 centimetres or 70 centimetres,
Then 20 centimetres or 25 centimetres of sand, the nutrient and the dregs of fat of 10 centimetres or 12 centimetres are spread successively in the ground ploughed, laying
Dregs of fat amount is 1000kg/ mus or 1500kg/ mus；In second step, it is 20 centimetres or 30 that often the distance between row vine, which is spacing in the rows,
Centimetre, the distance between vine of adjacent rows is 20 centimetres or 30 centimetres in every group, between two adjacent groups vine away from
From being 0.6 meter or 1.5 meters；In third step, the hole of a diameter of 2 centimetres or 3.5 centimetres is beaten in the bottom of each flowerpot, and selecting has
The grape nursery stock of 1 or 2 healthy and strong bud eye；In 4th step, it is 18 DEG C or 30 DEG C, air humidity to control the air themperature in greenhouse
It is 60% or 70%.
Embodiment 3, as the optimization of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, it is 10% to 20% to be the Nutrition Soil loaded in flowerpot
Farm manure, 10% to 30% vermiculite, 10% to 15% sawdust, 20% to 30% perlite, 10% to 15% skin fertile soil and surplus
Sand mixture.The Nutrition Soil of use in the present embodiment, the growth of grape pot preferably.
Embodiment 4 as the optimization of above-described embodiment, is carried out according to the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree
It is viny plantation thing two crops in one year fruit, first batch of fruit mid-February maturation, second batch of fruit early August maturation, grape into
Autumn fertilising is carried out when entering rest period before and after mid-September, carries out winter pruning, and it is residual to clean fallen leaves within 1 week or so after fallen leaves
Branch.Appropriate top dressing can also be further ensured that the advantageous growth of grape.
Embodiment 5, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, since the vernalization phase viny, first week daytime temperature for 15 DEG C extremely
20 DEG C, night temperature be 6 DEG C to 10 DEG C, second week daytime temperature is 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, night temperature is 10 DEG C to 15 DEG C, and the daytime temperature in third week is
15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, night temperature be 10 DEG C to 15 DEG C, the temperature round the clock in young sprout growth period is 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, the Wen Jun round the clock in florescence
It it is 18 DEG C to 28 DEG C, the temperature round the clock of young fruit development phase is 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, and the daytime temperature of fruit color phase is 28 DEG C to 30 DEG C, night
Temperature is 16 DEG C to 18 DEG C.The temperature needed for the growth of each period grape is rationally controlled, is that the growth of grape creates one well
Advantageous temperature environment shortens the rest period of grape nursery stock, can be that grape nursery stock is realized in spring and fall respectively as a result, being
The two crops in one year fruit of grape provides a strong guarantee.
Embodiment 6 as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the provided underground caliduct of greenhouse, is set at the top of greenhouse
Put vent window；Or/and temperature reducing humidifier is provided in greenhouse；Or/and it is equipped with sunshade net on the outer surface of greenhouse；
Or/and drop tank arrangement is laid in greenhouse.In the provided underground caliduct of greenhouse, the temperature adjusted in greenhouse can be facilitated,
The rest period of grape is rationally adjusted, condition is provided for two crops in one year fruit, in torridity summer, vent window is set, can effectively be reduced
Canopy temperature provides suitable temperature environment for grape growth, sets temperature reducing humidifier, also can be the grape in greenhouse
A humidity and the ideal environment of temperature are created in growth, and sunshade net also can effectively reduce warm in greenhouse in torridity summer
Degree, is laid with drop tank arrangement, the present invention for being can effectively save water resource, especially in water-deficient area, effect is more obvious.
Embodiment 7, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in 3 days to 5 days before florescence viny and florescence
Spray 1 time to 3 times mixed fertilizer I in 3 days to 10 days, potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mixed fertilizer I is 0.5% to 0.6%, 30% to 40%
The mixture of urea, the dosage of mixed fertilizer I is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus, while depth of soils 5cm to 20cm is applied in greenhouse
With " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long ", the dosage of " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus, in grape
In 7 days to 10 days before the florescence of tree, vine sprinkling boracic aqueous solution 70kg to 100kg per acre, boron in boracic aqueous solution
Ratio with water is 1:800 to 1：1000；Or/and educate young fruit expanding stage, slow growth period and the fruit in fruit later stage in vine
In each stage in maturity period, 1 time to 3 times mixed fertilizer I is sprayed, potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mixed fertilizer I is 0.5% to 0.6%,
The mixture of 30% to 40% urea, the dosage of mixed fertilizer I is 4kg/ mus to 8kg/ mus, while the depth of soils in greenhouse
5cm to 20cm applications " long Thailand board composite microbiological fertilizer ", the dosage of " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " for 4kg/ mus extremely
20kg/ mus；Or/and autumn fertilising is carried out in rest period viny, the autumn adds 2 tons to 4 tons of farm manure, phosphoric acid hydrogen per acre when applying fertilizer
Diammonium 10kg to 20kg；Or/and when in the fruitful branch pinching in vine young sprout growth period, nutrition branch pinching, main side branches and tendrils pluck
When the heart and young sprout grow to 5 leaves to 6 leaves, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate of sprinkling 3%, the dosage of 3% diammonium hydrogen phosphate are every time
8 kilograms to 15 kilograms per acre.
" Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " is to microelement-supplementing（Refer to the members such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum
Element）, preferably before florescence within 3-5 days, inflorescence is upheld in the phase, is spent for mixed fertilizer I and " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long "
Apply in the sequence separation phase, in the flower separation phase, in pollination period of blooming, in actual production, can also use and " Thailand's board is compound micro- long
There is bio-feritlizer " identical function and the fertilizer of effect to replace " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long ", rest period：It is harvested in grape
Afterwards, after 5 days to 10 days, also add 2 tons to 4 tons of farm manure, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10kg per acre extremely in verdure growth period
20kg, fertilising is primary, then after 10 days to 15 days, then applies fertilizer in the same fashion, after fertilising, should sprinkle profoundly water, but water should not be too large,
It is excessive, rich water is caused to be lost in, even to pour water twice, intermediate general interval 5 days to 7 days, after looseness of soil, ploughing and weeding one time is sharp
In antifreeze.
Embodiment 8, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, hitch frame is fixedly linked by four supporting rod upstanding upper ends and makes frame
Son is highly 0.8 meter to 1 meter, and the lower end of hitch frame is inserted into the soil in flowerpot；Or/and the width of supporting rack for 40 centimetres extremely
60 centimetres, it is long long with row viny is often gone；Or/and early first Na, rose morning, Rizamat, red earth etc. are transferred for vine selection
Seedlings picking kind.The hitch frame in the present embodiment is selected, the grape pot that shape is preferable, ornamental value is higher, this reality can be obtained
Apply the supporting rack in example preferably can provide support for flowerpot.
The grape pot tree tree performance obtained according to the method for the present invention is graceful, and the mature period, fruit growing in close clusters, overworks end of the branch, a piece of
The sparkling and crystal-clear of the dark green and grape cluster of branches and leaves sets each other off to form gorgeous color, glorious charming scenery together, and appreciation effect is favourable, is machine
Close garden, factory, school, the good seeds method that tourist district etc. is required for, people's it can be served its fruit, but ornamental it
Graceful tree performance, adjust room air, be three it is complete its U.S.s.
The present invention is the method using physics or ecology, and by vine root system on same nursery stock, Dual-layer is cultivated,
Root system is developed by multi-source, realizes many-sided planting type for absorbing nutrient growth and reproductive growth.It is sandy, few native few in more stones
Water, illumination abundance Gobi deserf ecological condition under, implement multi-source root system cultivation technique, be be integrated with it is water-saving, section fertilizer, visitor
On the basis of the cultivation techniques such as native, nuisanceless, with modern means of science and technology cultivate soil root system, potting root system, two-way offer root system battalion
Support and moisture come adjust grape growth and as a result, and then relatively precisely supply root water uptake, inhale fertilizer a kind of novel cultivation
Technology.2008 to 2016, Toksun County gram heat wood bar bar fruits and vegetables planted farmer specialized cooperative society in Toksun County Guo Le cloth
According to the light salt-soda soil of township's greenhouse and low nutrition arable land under the conditions of, carried out the present invention technical research, achieve significantly into
Effect.
The grape hibernation time
Grape hibernaculum generally initially enters suspend mode in August part, and the suspend mode of late September to late October is most deep.Grape enters nature and stops
After dormancy, need to pass through a certain number of low temperature could pass through sleep.When natural sleep is incomplete, plant shows bright bud delay or not whole
Together or even florescence also postpones therewith.General complete breaking dormancy then needs 1200-1500 hours in hybridization product.
Greenhouse air themperature：
Temperature in greenhouse has the characteristics that quick heating cooling is also fast, and temperature changes repeatedly in one day.Therefore, it is necessary to according to institute's product
The different requirements of kind, the temperature in artificial control and adjusting canopy.It is fast that morning, the temperature rises, and low temperature rises slow, easily appearance
Aerial and the contradiction of underground growth.To solve this contradiction, can bedding mulch heated.
Greenhouse ground temperature：
Grape is very strong to the adaptability of soil, and the low temperature in greenhouse is with seasonal variations.The level of the heliogreenhouse soil moisture point
Cloth shows as highest in the middle part of 5 cm layer of soil, successively decreases from south to north, higher than foreland band less than middle part under rear roofing；April is extremely
The gap of low temperature is gradually reduced inside and outside May greenhouse, and low temperature is less than open country in June to September part canopy.This is greenhouse cultivation grape
Yield is high, one of original of supply phase length.
The greenhouse temperature that grape growth needs：
Temperature is to influence the important climatic factor of grape growth development.Grape generally spring round the clock temperature on average up to 10 degree or so
Start to sprout, and nutrient growth stops when autumn air temperature is reduced to 10 degree or so.The grape different phenological period will to temperature
Ask different；20 degree to 30 degree are most suitable for young sprout growth, bloom and bud differentiation, are then unfavorable less than 15 degree, 40 degree limit for height.
Control time：
The grape fallen leaves time is more early, and the time for releasing sleep is also more early, can be more early with the time of overlay film, thing two crops in one year fruit, the
One batch of fruit is carrying out in early August maturation, grape in maturation mid-February, second batch of fruit when entering rest period around mid-September
Autumn applies fertilizer, and winter pruning is carried out within 1 week or so after fallen leaves, and clean the residual branch of fallen leaves, to reduce disease pest source；Also it pours water,
It is once loosened the soil again later.
Canopy temperature controls：
Temperature in greenhouse is higher than open country always, after sunrise with the sun increase temperature rise, daily 8 when 10 rise it is most fast.
Under confined conditions, rise 5 degree to 8 degree per hour, sometimes even over 10 degree.
Each growth cycle of grape：
Grape shows that spring rudiment life branch, summer is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, autumn, fruit growing in close clusters, winter every year with four seasons climate change
When temperature is low the phenomenon that hibernation, such physiological change rule, the referred to as Annual growth cycle of grape.People are grape annual
Cyclic activity is divided into 6 stages, becomes the phenological period, and scientific management is carried out by the phenological period.
Sap flow periods：When ground temperature rises to certain temperature, the root system of grape starts to absorb moisture from soil and support
Divide, the process of aerial part, referred to as sap flow periods are transported to by root system.It at this moment, can be from wound stream if any new clip or wound
Go out colourless sap, referred to as " bleeding ".After Germination to Frondescent, plant evaporation capacity increase, bleeding stops.The left side of general 20 days bleeding time
The right side, according to grape type, kind, Temperature and water content in soil and difference.Grape root system starts to absorb moisture at 4.5 DEG C to 6.5 DEG C；This
When, to impose first time available nitrogen.
Rudiment and young sprout growth period：When temperature on average is up to 10 DEG C or so, grape begins to rudiment, until florescence is only 40
It or so is rudiment and young sprout growth period.Since sap nutriment enters growing point in bud, cell is promoted to divide rapidly, bud
Eye, which gradually expands, makes scale crack, and exposes fine and soft ball and the tender tissue of green or aubergine occurs at top, as tender tip is stretched out.
After rudiment 2 weeks, young sprout growth is gradually accelerated, and growth daily is up to 3 centimetres to 5 centimetres, up to 7 centimetres to 8 lis during moisture abundance
Rice.Generally new-tip length is up to 60 centimetres to 80 centimetres before flowering, and 60% or so for annual growth total amount.
（1）Budding period（The vernalization phase）：It it is the original continuation idiophase of overwintering inflorescence, with rudiment and the growth of young sprout, flower
Sequence and bud are further developed, and inflorescence forms branched shafts at different levels, each floral organ in bud（Column cap, ovary, filigree, anther,
Pollen）It is grown into enriching and tends to ripe, be ready to bloom.
（2）Young sprout growth period：It is rudiment to florescence, is 35 days to 55 days, optimum temperature is 25 DEG C or so, is being opened
There is first time peak in the growth of florescence young sprout.Due to, to the contention of nutriment, starting to delay into Post flowering young sprout between organ
Slow growth.Bloom, bear fruit it is front and rear there is sublateral shoot, the increase of branches and leaves amount using pinching, except sublateral shoot controls nutrient growth, promotes berry
Growth, until the young sprout speed of growth is slack-off before berry coloring.Young sprout grows into second of peak, Yi Housui after fruit harvesting
Mercury dropped, shoot growth is gradually slow, and until stopping growing, rest period is entered after fallen leaves.The young sprout speed of growth and growing way
Power is related with plant nutrition substance accumulation upper one year and the management of spring rich water.As trunk infusion accumulates more, early spring fertilizer
Water supply is sufficient, then plant germination rate is high and neat, and young sprout growth is sturdy, and Inflorescence Differentiation is good.Young sprout growth period will impose
Secondary composite fertilizer.
The young fruit development phase：It grows and stops since bud opens into young fruit, be the young fruit development phase.General 6~10 days florescences, because
Kind is different and different with temperature, and in the fine day that temperature is 20 DEG C~25 DEG C, Pollination Fertilization of blooming is best.As florescence chance is overcast and rainy, low
Warm weather can influence Pollination Fertilization, should take artificial supplementary pollination, improve fruit-setting rate and reduce big granule phenomenon.Same inflorescence
The first to the second branch bud is first opened, and whens morning 9~12 of fine day, which blooms, most contains.Because needing a large amount of nutrition when blooming, produce
On must take flower thinning sequence, Tipping, control sublateral shoot and impose biphosphate give as security quick-acting fertilizer the methods of adjust nutrition, with improve
Fruit-setting rate.
Educate the fruit later stage：Claim to educate the fruit later stage since expanding ovary until before berry coloring, be called fruit expanding period, should spray
1 time is penetrated to 2 hypophosphorous acid potassium dihydrogens.This period growth number of days is longer, generally 40 days to 80 days.3 weeks to 4 weeks after bearing fruit, son
Room expands rapidly, and first time peak occurs in Berry Growth；When seed germinates, Berry Growth is slow, when seed gradually enriches
After stone, berry starts to mushroom out again, and this time mainly cell volume significantly increases, until it is high to occur the second secondary growth before coloring
Peak, fruit grow into normal size.
The berry maturity period（Fruit color phase）：Until coloring is when berry full maturity since berry, claim berry ripe
Phase, also known as fruit color phase.The phase Berry volume increases unobvious, the accumulation and conversion of nutriment mainly in fruit, containing sugar
Amount increases sharply, and acid content is rapidly reduced, fruit hardness gradually soften and it is flexible, yellow green kind starts chlorisis, there is chromaticity
Kind gradually coloring progressivelyes reach the intrinsic color and luster, fragrance, quality of the kind.Seed is fully grown-up to, and kind skin browning is hardened, and has
Germination, growth ability.
Young sprout maturation and leaf fall period：Stop when after fruit harvesting to fallen leaves, claim young sprout maturation and leaf fall period.This period fruit
It to apply fertilizer after real harvesting, blade is promoted to continue photosynthesis, the nutrient concentration of manufacture is used on branch and season bud, is promoted
Into maturation, resistance is improved, extra nutrition is transferred to root storage, is ready for lower secondary growth, result.Therefore, originally
Stage pays attention to protecting blade, strengthens diseases prevention, in favor of the accumulation of trunk infusion.
Variety selection
The present invention can select the early first graftings such as Na, rose morning, Rizamat, red earth, these kind growth periods are short, generally
It is only needed from rudiment to fruit maturation 110 days to 140 days, new fresh grape is supplied before can realizing the Spring Festival according to the method for the present invention, and
And the supply of normal grape maturity season grape is not influenced, thing two crops in one year fruit.
The planting effect of grape is carried out compared with the planting effect of conventional method progress grape carries out using the method for the present invention
Compared with average value, as shown in table 1, as can be seen from Table 1, relative to routine techniques, under the cultivation condition of the present invention, young sprout is long
Degree averagely increases nearly 1.5 times；Plant percent averagely improves 33 percentage points；Winter survival rate averagely improves 36.5 hundred
Branch；Average fringe galassing increases 413 grams（58.5%）, Single seed weight averagely increases 4.9 grams（53.2%）, soluble solid
Content averagely improves 5% percentage point, and strain production improves 59%, and the present invention, can be than conventional grape under identical field scale
The cultivation scale of implantation methods cultivates 32 times more, on each grape pot can 1 kilogram or so of result, greenhouse can be with yield per acre
1700 kilograms, 5 times to 10 times more than general planting method yield, illustrating can be by preventing rich water leakage flow by the method for the present invention
It loses, realize nutrient absorption diversification, replace the measures such as fertile soil, effectively promote nutrient growth and the reproductive growth of grape,
The more conventional cultivation of yield, quality to grape is significantly increased.At the end of a batch production, by the grape of another batch of completion suspend mode
（Under basin after tree shears）Other greenhouses, house are moved into, " movable type " cultivation of two crops in one year is realized, increases product and supply,
Increase Table Grape deposits the phase, appreciates, can also be sold outward for sightseeing traveler's anniversary, further improves the utilization of grape
Value, and the method for the present invention is very suitable for the place of ground, water shortage.
More than technical characteristic constitutes the embodiment of the present invention, can basis with stronger adaptability and implementation result
Actual needs increases and decreases non-essential technical characteristic, to meet the needs of different situations.
Table 1
| Planting type | Germination period | Plant percent % | Winter survival rate % | Average fringe weight（Gram） | Substance grain（Gram） | Soluble solid content % |
| The present invention | 11.15 | 100 | 100 | 1149 | 14.1 | 18.1 |
| It is conventional | 6.2 | 67 | 63.5 | 736 | 9.2 | 13.1 |
Claims (10)
1. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of a kind of grape pot tree, it is characterised in that carry out as follows：The first step, it is whole
Ground, first plow in the greenhouse chosen, the depth plowed be 50 centimetres to 70 centimetres, then the ground ploughed according to
Sand, 10 centimetres to 12 centimetres of the nutrient and the dregs of fat of secondary 20 centimetres to 25 centimetres of paving, the dregs of fat amount of laying for 1000kg/ mus extremely
1500kg/ mus；Second step, plant, in whole good ground direct motion plant vine, two row vines are one group of vine, are often gone
The distance between vine is that spacing in the rows is that the distance between vine of adjacent rows is 20 lis in 20 centimetres to 30 centimetres, every group
For rice to 30 centimetres, the distance between two adjacent groups vine is 0.6 meter to 1.5 meters, and field planting water is filled with enough after having transplanted vine；The
Three steps, field planting place supporting rack on corresponding often capable ground viny, every vine are corresponded on supporting rack and places one
A diameter of 2 centimetres to 3.5 centimetres of hole is beaten in a flowerpot, the bottom of each flowerpot, and vine hitch frame is set in flowerpot, is selected
The taper point traction of grape nursery stock with 1 to 2 healthy and strong bud eye its be located in flowerpot directly through hole, remaining sublateral shoot
At once it removes, Nutrition Soil is then filled up in flowerpot；4th step, cultivate, control greenhouse in air themperature for 18 DEG C to 30 DEG C,
Air humidity is 60% to 70%, is colonized root system is formed slightly in flowerpot and starts to germinate in current year flowerpot, then stays a master
It is climing, it is made to be grown up along vine hitch frame, pinching is carried out when main stem is grown up to the top of vine hitch frame,
Winter cuts off and ripe section position is left to after main stem, after each bud is sprouted in second year main stem, continues to draw it growing up, and uniform cloth
Full hitch frame face, remaining sublateral shoot remove at once, eventually form the tree-like of same vine traction rack-like, treat grape pot maturation result
Afterwards, the vine branches and tendrils of flowerpot bottom are directly cut, result is obtained and supplies the grape pot tree appreciated；5th step is purchased new
Flowerpot, the multi-source root system of grape pot tree that next year can be carried out by repeating third step and the 4th step are cultivated, repeat to obtain potting
Vine.
2. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that flowerpot is built-in
The Nutrition Soil filled out be 10% to 20% farm manure, 10% to 30% vermiculite, 10% to 15% sawdust, 20% to 30% perlite,
The mixture of 10% to 15% skin fertile soil and the sand of surplus；Or/and the multi-source root system greenhouse cultivation side according to grape pot tree
Method carries out plantation thing two crops in one year fruit viny, and first batch of fruit is ripe in mid-February, and second batch of fruit is in early August maturation, Portugal
Grape carry out autumn fertilising when entering rest period before and after mid-September, carry out winter pruning, and clean within 1 week or so after fallen leaves
It falls leaves residual branch.
3. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that from grape
The vernalization phase of tree, first week daytime temperature is 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, night temperature is 6 DEG C to 10 DEG C, and second week daytime temperature is 15 DEG C to 20
DEG C, night temperature be 10 DEG C to 15 DEG C, the daytime temperature in third week is 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C, night temperature is 10 DEG C to 15 DEG C, the daytime in young sprout growth period
Night temperature is 25 DEG C to 28 DEG C, and the temperature round the clock in florescence is 18 DEG C to 28 DEG C, the temperature round the clock of young fruit development phase be 25 DEG C extremely
28 DEG C, the daytime temperature of fruit color phase is 28 DEG C to 30 DEG C, night temperature is 16 DEG C to 18 DEG C.
4. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in greenhouse
Provided underground caliduct, the top of greenhouse set vent window；Or/and temperature reducing humidifier is provided in greenhouse；
Or/and it is equipped with sunshade net on the outer surface of greenhouse；Or/and drop tank arrangement is laid in greenhouse.
5. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in greenhouse
Provided underground caliduct sets vent window at the top of greenhouse；Or/and temperature reducing humidifier is provided in greenhouse；Or/
Be equipped with sunshade net on the outer surface of greenhouse；Or/and drop tank arrangement is laid in greenhouse.
6. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in grape
1 time to 3 times mixed fertilizer I, mixed fertilizer I are sprayed in 3 days to 5 days before the florescence of tree and in 3 days to 10 days of florescence
The mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30% to 40% urea for 0.5% to 0.6%, the dosage of mixed fertilizer I for 4kg/ mus extremely
20kg/ mus, while depth of soils 5cm to 20cm applications " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " in greenhouse, " Thailand's board is compound micro- long
The dosage of bio-feritlizer " is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus, and in 7 days to 10 days before florescence viny, vine is sprayed per acre
Boracic aqueous solution 70kg to 100kg is spilt, the ratio of boron and water is 1 in boracic aqueous solution:800 to 1：1000；Or/and in grape
In each stage for setting the young fruit expanding stage for educating the fruit later stage, slow growth period and fructescence, 1 time to 3 times mixed fertilizer is sprayed
Material I, mixed fertilizer I be 0.5% to 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30% to 40% urea mixture, the dosage of mixed fertilizer I
It it is 4kg/ mus to 8kg/ mus, while depth of soils 5cm to 20cm applications " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " in greenhouse, " long
The dosage of safe board composite microbiological fertilizer " is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus；Or/and autumn fertilising is carried out in rest period viny,
Autumn adds 2 tons to 4 tons of farm manure, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10kg to 20kg per acre when applying fertilizer；Or/and in vine young sprout growth period
During fruitful branch pinching, nutrition branch pinching when, main side branches and tendrils pinching and young sprout be when growing to 5 leaves to 6 leaves, spray 3% every time
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the dosage of 3% diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 8 kilograms to 15 kilograms per acre.
7. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in vine
Florescence before 3 days to 5 days in and 3 days to 10 days of florescence in spray 1 time to 3 times mixed fertilizer I, mixed fertilizer I is
The mixture of 0.5% to 0.6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30% to 40% urea, the dosage of mixed fertilizer I is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/
Mu, while depth of soils 5cm to 20cm applications " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " in greenhouse, " Thailand's board complex microorganism long
The dosage of fertilizer " is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus, and in 7 days to 10 days before florescence viny, vine sprinkling per acre contains
Boron aqueous solution 70kg to 100kg, the ratio of boron and water is 1 in boracic aqueous solution:800 to 1：1000；Or/and it is educated in vine
In each stage of the young fruit expanding stage in fruit later stage, slow growth period and fructescence, 1 time to 3 times mixed fertilizer I is sprayed,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mixed fertilizer I is 0.5% to 0.6%, the mixture of 30% to 40% urea, the dosage of mixed fertilizer I is
4kg/ mus to 8kg/ mus, while depth of soils 5cm to 20cm applications " Thailand's board composite microbiological fertilizer long " in greenhouse, it is " safe long
The dosage of board composite microbiological fertilizer " is 4kg/ mus to 20kg/ mus；Or/and carry out autumn fertilising, autumn in rest period viny
Add 2 tons to 4 tons of farm manure, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 10kg to 20kg during fertilising per acre；Or/and the knot in vine young sprout growth period
During fruit branch pinching, nutrition branch pinching when, main side branches and tendrils pinching and young sprout be when growing to 5 leaves to 6 leaves, sprinkling 3% every time
Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the dosage of 3% diammonium hydrogen phosphate is 8 kilograms to 15 kilograms per acre.
8. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that hitch frame
It is fixedly linked by four supporting rod upstanding upper ends and makes shelf, be highly 0.8 meter to 1 meter, the lower end of hitch frame is inserted into flowerpot
Soil in；Or/and the width of supporting rack is 40 centimetres to 60 centimetres, long same often capable row viny is long；Or/and vine choosing
With early first Na, rose morning, Rizamat, red earth grafting kind.
9. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 5, it is characterised in that hitch frame by
Four supporting rod upstanding upper ends, which are fixedly linked, makes shelf, is highly 0.8 meter to 1 meter, and the lower end of hitch frame is inserted into flowerpot
In soil；Or/and the width of supporting rack is 40 centimetres to 60 centimetres, long same often capable row viny is long；Or/and vine is selected
Early first Na, rose morning, Rizamat, red earth grafting kind.
10. the multi-source root system greenhouse breeding method of grape pot tree according to claim 7, it is characterised in that hitch frame by
Four supporting rod upstanding upper ends, which are fixedly linked, makes shelf, is highly 0.8 meter to 1 meter, and the lower end of hitch frame is inserted into flowerpot
In soil；Or/and the width of supporting rack is 40 centimetres to 60 centimetres, long same often capable row viny is long；Or/and vine is selected
Early first Na, rose morning, Rizamat, red earth grafting kind.
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Cited By (1)
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