CN113383670A

CN113383670A - Greenhouse grape double-cropping and double-harvesting planting method

Info

Publication number: CN113383670A
Application number: CN202110676735.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周云飞
Original assignee: Wuhai Yunfei Agricultural Planting And Breeding Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhai Yunfei Agricultural Planting And Breeding Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-17
Filing date: 2021-06-17
Publication date: 2021-09-14

Abstract

The present application discloses a planting method for double-cropping and one-year double harvesting of greenhouse grapes. The planting method includes the following steps: soil preparation; greenhouse installation; cultivation frame erection; irrigation; fertilization and damage control. The present application adopts the method of planting grapes in a greenhouse, which solves the problem of low harvesting benefits of grapes. By selecting early-maturing varieties, the planting effect of double-ripening and double-harvesting of greenhouse grapes can be realized. At the same time, it can realize the fixation of grape seedlings, control the temperature in the greenhouse, improve the grape planting environment, and achieve the planting effect of double ripening and double harvesting of greenhouse grapes, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of grape harvesting, increasing the economic recovery rate, and at the same time, it is convenient for grapes. Seedling management can realize the centralized management of irrigation, fertilization and insect pests, reduce the operation intensity in the planting process, facilitate the planting of grapes, and help improve the growth efficiency of grapes.

Description

Greenhouse grape double-cropping and double-harvesting planting method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of grape planting application, in particular to a greenhouse grape double cropping and double harvesting planting method.

Background

The grapes belong to Vitaceae, the grapes are one of the oldest fruit tree species in the world, the grapes are native to the west of Asia and are cultivated all over the world, about 95 percent of the grapes are centrally distributed in the northern hemisphere and can be used as raw food, raisins or wine, the wine lees after wine brewing can be used for extracting wine food acid, the root and vine of the grape vine can prevent vomit and miscarriage, the fruit can be used for preventing thrombosis, the grape vine is generally in a small branch cylindrical shape, has longitudinal ribs, is hairless or sparse and soft, has oval leaves, has dense or sparse conical inflorescences, has developed base branches, is spherical or elliptical, has a flowering period of 4-5 months and a fruit period of 8-9 months, requires the lowest temperature of about 12-15 ℃ during grape growth, has the lowest ground temperature of about 10-13 ℃, has the optimal temperature of about 20 ℃ during the flowering period, has the optimal temperature of 20-30 ℃ during the fruit expansion period, has large temperature difference between day and night, and has good coloring and sugar degree. After the grape sprouts in spring. If the temperature rises quickly, branches grow excessively, the branches are prone to being fruitful, the branches are prone to being poor in flowering period, if spring cold occurs, phosphate fertilizer and high-carbon organic matters are applied, nitrogen fertilizer is reduced as much as possible, grapes are high in moisture requirement, strict control of moisture in soil is a premise for planting grapes, water demand of the grapes is high in the early growth period or the vegetative growth period, the roots are weak and water is low in the later growth period or the fruiting period, and the roots are prevented from being damaged to avoid influencing quality.

Generally, grapes are ripe once a year due to climate, so that the harvesting efficiency of the grapes is influenced, the planting yield is reduced, the grape management is not easy to perform in the planting process, the planting cost is increased, and the labor force is increased. Therefore, a double cropping and double harvesting planting method for greenhouse grapes is provided for solving the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment provides a planting method for double cropping of greenhouse grapes every year and double harvesting every year, which is used for solving the problem of low efficiency and low benefit of grape harvesting in the prior art.

According to one aspect of the application, a planting method for greenhouse grapes capable of double cropping every year and double harvesting every year is provided, and the planting method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing soil, selecting a soil fertile area, turning soil, finishing, and applying base fertilizer;

(2) installing the greenhouse, namely installing the greenhouse in a land preparation area, and installing a temperature control device to adjust the temperature in the greenhouse;

(3) erecting a culture frame, installing the culture frame in a greenhouse, fixing the culture frame according to the planting density, planting seedlings and fixing the seedlings on the culture frame;

(4) irrigation, namely installing an irrigation pipeline on the culture rack, and watering the soil in a drip irrigation mode;

(5) fertilizing, namely adding nutrient solution into an irrigation pipeline during irrigation, fertilizing, and fertilizing solid fertilizer after irrigation is finished;

(6) and (3) pest control, namely spraying pesticides after grape seedlings grow, and spraying pesticides to grape leaves and branches.

Further, soil is finished by using a soil turning machine in the step (1), soil is loosened, base fertilizer is applied to seeds, base fertilizer is laid on the bottom layer of the loosened soil, and weeds are removed;

further, in the step (2), greenhouse frameworks are installed in a land preparation area, films are laid on the greenhouse frameworks, openings are reserved in two sides of the greenhouse, and the greenhouse is installed in a sunny and windproof area.

Further, a temperature monitoring instrument and a regulating device are arranged inside the greenhouse in the step (2), the temperature inside the greenhouse is monitored through the temperature monitoring instrument, and the temperature is regulated through the temperature regulating device, so that the growth temperature of the grapes is appropriate.

Further, in the step (3), the erection of the culture frame is carried out at present, the erection distance is adjusted according to the grape seedling spacing, the culture frame is fixed by adopting the support columns for foundation piles, and then the cross rods are arranged on the foundation piles, and the positions of the cross rods correspond to the seedling planting positions.

Further, when grape seedling planting is carried out in the step (3), seedling planting is carried out at the position of a pillar installed on a culture rack, a seedling trunk is fixed on the pillar, and seedling leaves are placed on a cross rod.

Further, in the step (4), an irrigation pipeline arranged on the culture frame is fixed on the support columns of the culture frame, the irrigation pipeline is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation nozzles, and each drip irrigation nozzle corresponds to a seedling planting part.

Furthermore, when fertilizing is carried out in the step (5), the nutrient solution is supplemented into an irrigation pipeline, and is fully mixed with an irrigation water source, and then the nutrient solution is supplemented during irrigation.

Further, in the step (5), after the fertilization is finished, the solid fertilizer is paved on the seedling planting part, and the roots and stems of the seedlings are raised after the fertilizer is piled up.

Further, pesticide spraying is carried out around grape seedlings in the step (6), and trace amount of brilliant spraying is carried out on branches and leaves of the seedlings.

Through the embodiment of the application, the greenhouse grape planting method is adopted, the problem of low grape harvesting benefit is solved, greenhouse planting of grapes is carried out through the greenhouse, fixing of grape seedlings is achieved during planting, temperature control is carried out in the greenhouse, grape planting environment is improved, the planting effect of double-cropping and double-harvesting of greenhouse grapes in one year is achieved, the grape harvesting benefit is favorably improved, economic recovery rate is increased, meanwhile, management of grape seedlings is facilitated, irrigation, fertilization and insect damage centralized management can be achieved, operation intensity in the planting process is reduced, planting of the grapes is convenient to carry out, and improvement of grape growth efficiency is facilitated.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a planting method according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

The planting method in the present embodiment can be applied to various planting methods, and for example, the following planting method is provided in the present embodiment, and the planting method in the present embodiment can be used as follows.

The method comprises the following steps: firstly, variety selection: the sunlight greenhouse with a common heat preservation effect can select early-maturing grape varieties such as red grapes and green grapes which have strong stress resistance, less fruit drop, easy coloring and transportation resistance; the sunlight greenhouse with good heat preservation effect can widely select early-maturing varieties from blooming to maturing for about 60 days; secondly, the current year of planting management: 1) the bearing branch cultivation needs to realize the winter high yield of the current year of planting, seedlings are planted in April, rows are formed in the south and north, the row spacing is 1.6-1.8 meters, the plant spacing is 0.7 meter, each seedling is provided with two bearing mother branches, each branch on the mother branch is provided with a leaf, the leaf is pinched, the beard is pinched and the root is tied up, the fast upward growth of the mother branch is promoted, the core is pinched when the main vine grows to 1.5 meters, a growth regulating agent is sprayed, the formation of flower buds is promoted, the top new bud is reduced, the new bud grows from the top of the mother branch for 8-10 days, the core is pinched once, the outbreak of the flower bud of the mother branch is prevented, the method is also suitable for a single-stand close planting mode with the row spacing of 1.2 meters and the plant spacing of 0.3 meters, and the bearing mother branch cultivation management mode in the current year is the same as the bearing mother branch cultivation management mode; 2) the method comprises the following steps of trimming fallen leaves and secondary sprouting, wherein the fallen leaves are mature before Yuan Dan and come into the market, all branches and leaves on fruit mother branches can be cut off in the northern area of Shandong in 15-8-25 days after 8-8 months, the branches and leaves are tied on two north-south steel wires which are 50 cm away from the ground in a creeping manner respectively, cultivation management is carried out by using a double-vertical-frame mode, after trimming is finished, a dormancy breaking agent is sprayed immediately to stimulate winter buds to germinate rapidly, when the sprouts are neat and can see flower flocs, tips are reserved on each steel wire according to the interval of 20 cm, redundant non-flowering branches, weak branches and branches growing downwards and towards two sides are removed in time, generally 3-4 tips are reserved on each main vine, namely 6-7 grapes are reserved in each mu, about 2500 branches are reserved on each branch of the fruit mother branches, a core is picked and lifted, the first core picking is carried out when the earliest flower ears are seen in a greenhouse before blooming for three days, so that nutrition is supplied to fruit ears, pinching when the mother branch grows to 13 main leaves, and pinching once again after 8-10 days of new buds growing at the top end; a single-vertical-frame close planting mode with the row spacing of 1.2 meters and the plant spacing of 0.3 meter is adopted, 50-60 centimeters of mother branches are reserved for leaf drop pruning, all the others are pruned, two fruiting tips of each mother branch are reserved for upright and upward growth, and the number of the fruiting tips is about 3000 per mu; other management modes are the same as the above; 3) controlling the temperature to lower seedlings in thirty-four months, timely putting down the cotton quilt to keep the temperature in the shed when the temperature in the greenhouse is lower than 25 ℃ in the afternoon, and pulling up the cotton quilt for lighting and heating the cotton quilt at the beginning of the sun the next day; after ten days in April, the cotton quilt can be not used, and the temperature can be adjusted only by using the air outlet; the cotton quilt is timely put down after the afternoon temperature is lower than 25 ℃, indoor heat dissipation is reduced, the illumination time period in winter is more than haze days, and when the illumination is insufficient, a general light lamp is adopted to increase the illumination to promote fruit ripening.

Of course, the present embodiment can also be used for planting methods of other structures. Here, description is not repeated, and the planting method according to the embodiment of the present application is described below.

Referring to fig. 1, a planting method for greenhouse grapes with double ripeness and double harvest every year includes the following steps:

Soil preparation is carried out by using a soil turning machine in the step (1), base fertilizer application is carried out after soil is loosened, base fertilizer is laid on the bottom layer of the loosened soil, and weeds are removed;

and (3) in the step (2), installing a greenhouse framework in a land preparation area, paving a film on the greenhouse framework, reserving openings at two sides of the greenhouse, and installing the greenhouse in the sunny and windproof areas.

And (3) installing a temperature monitoring instrument and a regulating device in the greenhouse in the step (2), monitoring the temperature in the greenhouse through the temperature monitoring instrument, and regulating the temperature through the temperature regulating device to ensure that the growth temperature of the grapes is proper.

And (4) carrying out erection of the culture rack in step (3), adjusting erection intervals according to the grape seedling spacing, fixing foundation piles by adopting pillars for the culture rack, and mounting cross rods on the foundation piles, wherein the positions of the cross rods correspond to the positions of seedling planting.

And (4) when grape seedlings are planted in the step (3), planting the seedlings at the positions of the pillars installed on the culture rack, fixing the trunks of the seedlings on the pillars, and placing the leaves of the seedlings on the cross rods.

And (4) fixing an irrigation pipeline arranged on the culture frame on a support column of the culture frame, wherein the irrigation pipeline is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation nozzles, and each drip irrigation nozzle corresponds to a seedling planting part.

And (5) when fertilizing is carried out in the step (5), supplementing the nutrient solution into an irrigation pipeline, fully mixing the nutrient solution with an irrigation water source, and then supplementing the nutrient solution during irrigation.

And (5) after the fertilization is finished, paving the solid fertilizer on the seedling planting part, and piling up the fertilizer to enable the rootstocks of the seedlings to be raised.

And (6) spraying pesticides around the grape seedlings, and carrying out slight brilliant spraying on branches and leaves of the seedlings.

The application has the advantages that:

the greenhouse grape planting method is adopted, the problem of low grape harvesting benefit is solved, early-maturing varieties are selected, the planting effect of double cropping and double harvesting of greenhouse grapes every year can be achieved, greenhouse planting of grapes is conducted through the greenhouse, fixing of grape seedlings is achieved during planting, temperature control is conducted in the greenhouse, the grape planting environment is improved, the planting effect of double cropping and double harvesting of greenhouse grapes every year is achieved, improvement of grape harvesting benefit is facilitated, economic recovery rate is increased, meanwhile, management of grape seedlings is facilitated, irrigation, fertilization and insect pest centralized management can be achieved, operation intensity in the planting process is reduced, planting of grapes is facilitated, and improvement of grape growth efficiency is facilitated.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. a double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method for greenhouse grapes, is characterized in that: described planting method comprises the steps:

(1) Land preparation, select a fertile soil area, turn the soil, and apply basic fertilizers;

(2) Greenhouse installation, the greenhouse installation is carried out in the land preparation area, and the temperature control device is installed to adjust the internal temperature of the greenhouse;

(3) the cultivation rack is erected, the cultivation rack is installed in the greenhouse, the cultivation rack is fixed according to the planting density, and the seedling is planted and fixed on the cultivation rack;

(4) Irrigation, install irrigation pipes on the culture frame, and use drip irrigation to water the soil;

(5) fertilize, add nutrient solution to the pipeline of irrigation when irrigating, carry out fertilization, carry out solid fertilizer seed application after irrigating;

(6) Pest control, spraying pesticides after the grape seedlings grow, and spraying pesticides on the leaves and branches of the grapes.

2. a kind of greenhouse grape double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: utilize soil turning machinery to carry out soil finishing in described step (1), carry out basal fertilizer after soil loosening Apply seeds, spread basal fertilizer on the loosened soil bottom layer, and remove weeds.

3. a kind of greenhouse grape double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2), carry out greenhouse skeleton installation in land preparation area, lay film on greenhouse skeleton, Openings are reserved on both sides of the greenhouse, and the greenhouse is installed in the sunny and sheltered area.

4. a kind of greenhouse grapes according to claim 1 one year double ripening one year double harvest planting method, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), temperature monitoring instrument and adjustment equipment are installed in greenhouse, by temperature monitoring instrument The temperature in the greenhouse is monitored, and the temperature is adjusted by the temperature adjustment equipment to make the grape growing temperature suitable.

5. a kind of greenhouse grape double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), now carry out cultivating rack erection, erection spacing is according to grape seedling spacing For adjustment, the culture frame is first fixed with pillars for foundation piles, and then crossbars are installed on the foundation piles, and the positions of the crossbars correspond to the seedling planting positions.

6. a kind of greenhouse grape one-year double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when carrying out grape seedling planting in described step (3), carry out seedling at the pillar place that culture rack is installed To plant, anchor the stem of the seedling to the pillars and place the leaves of the seedling on the bars.

7. a kind of greenhouse grape one-year double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described step (4), the irrigation pipeline that is installed on the culturing rack is fixed on the pillar of the culturing rack , The irrigation pipeline is provided with a plurality of drip irrigation nozzles, each of which corresponds to the planting part of the seedling.

8. a kind of greenhouse grape one year double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when fertilizing in described step (5), nutrient solution is supplemented in the pipeline of irrigation, with After the water source for irrigation is fully mixed, the nutrient solution is supplemented during irrigation.

9. a kind of greenhouse grape one-year double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (5), after fertilization is completed, solid fertilizer is laid on the seedling planting position, carries out After the fertilizer is piled up, the rhizomes of the seedlings are raised.

10. a kind of greenhouse grape one-year double-ripening one-year double-harvest planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (6), carry out pesticide spraying around grape seedling planting, and to seedling branches And the leaves are sprayed with a small amount of Bingyao.