CN110050633B

CN110050633B - Method for alternately and circularly fruiting a plurality of grapevines

Info

Publication number: CN110050633B
Application number: CN201910453258.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾新华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-05-28
Filing date: 2019-05-28
Publication date: 2021-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-28
Also published as: CN110050633A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for alternately and circularly fruiting a plurality of grapevines, which comprises the steps of building a multi-span grapevine greenhouse, adopting parallel frame surfaces, adopting a 1.4-meter thick planting row or 2.8-meter big tree type cultivation mode, planting, and planting grape seedlings from 2 late ten days to 3 late ten days. The method adopts the mutual switching of the fruiting trees and the branch cultivation trees, each tree only bears one season of fruits, so that the burden of the trees is greatly reduced, the space and the sunlight are fully utilized, the neutral period of the next half year in the grape cultivation is effectively utilized, the method is suitable for middle and early maturing grape varieties which have good flower bud differentiation and are suitable for a summer germination accelerating cultivation mode, if the regional environment is good and frost-free period is long, the maturing time of late maturing varieties can be met, even the late maturing varieties can also bear fruits by a one-year two-season circulation fruiting mode, the principle of the method is simple and easy to use, the peak season of grape production is staggered, high yield of two-season high-quality grapes in one year can be realized, and the economic benefit of a grower is greatly increased.

Description

Method for alternately and circularly fruiting a plurality of grapevines

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field related to grape planting technology, in particular to a method for alternately and circularly fruiting a plurality of grapevines.

Background

The grapevine is a woody vine. The grape vine is a photic plant, the requirement on light is high, and the growth, the yield and the quality of the grape are greatly influenced by the duration of illumination. When the illumination is insufficient, the young shoots grow thin and weak, the leaves are thin, the leaf color is light, the fruit clusters are small, the flowers and fruits fall more, the yield is low, the quality is poor, and the differentiation of the winter buds is poor. Therefore, when building a garden, the place with good illumination is required to be selected, the wind and light conditions of the frame surface are improved, and meanwhile, the row direction and the row spacing are correctly designed and a reasonable shaping and trimming technology is adopted.

The modern grape planting mode is that grape saplings are planted, a small amount of grapes are produced in the second year, later grapes are produced in one season every year, a small number of grapes are frostless and long in period, the sunshine time is long, fruit trees in the same garden are matched through technologies such as pruning and dormancy breaking, grapes in two seasons can be produced, but high yield of each season cannot be achieved, the corresponding yield of each season can be reduced in the production of grapes in two seasons such as Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong, the quality of the grapes in the second season can be reduced, the burden of the tree is increased, tree vigor in the next year is influenced, flower buds are differentiated, and sustainable development of many years is impossible.

Therefore, a method for alternately cycling and fruiting a plurality of grapevines is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention aims at providing a method for alternately and circularly fruiting a plurality of grapevines, so as to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for alternately cycling results of a plurality of grapevines, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

s1: building a multi-span grape greenhouse, adopting a parallel frame surface, and adopting a 1.4-meter close planting mode or a 2.8-meter big tree type cultivation or root limiting cultivation mode;

s2: planting, namely planting grape seedlings in the last ten days of 2 months to the last ten days of 3 months, inserting a support beside the planted grape seedlings, and supporting the grape seedlings to grow upwards;

s3: managing in a seedling stage, namely adopting a 6-leaf pinching mode, keeping flower flocs, strengthening flower buds, supplying water at intervals by using a dropper, spraying to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, controlling the growth of secondary tips, and applying a foliar fertilizer;

s4: selecting a fruiting tree, and using the grape trees in odd rows to carry out fruiting in the first half year and the grape trees in even rows to culture fruiting branches and then using the fruiting branches as fruiting trees in the next half year;

s5: the fruit trees in the first half year are soaked, water and fertilizer are managed by a dropper, diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated by spraying, and the point of emphasis is different from that of the fruit trees in the next half year;

s6: the fruits of different varieties are ripe in 6-8 months in the first half year, the fruit trees in the next half year are subjected to leaf picking and germination acceleration in the semi-lignification stage of the branches after harvesting, water and fertilizer are supplemented in the whole garden area, the fruit trees in the first half year are pruned and the branches are updated, and the space for fruit branch leaf spreading is vacated;

s7: after the fruit bearing trees in the first half year are harvested, pruning branches, selecting bearing branches, longitudinally arranging, starting to germinate the branches of the fruit bearing trees in the next half year, transversely arranging the branches, controlling the branches to grow rapidly by adopting a 6+3+3 pinching method in 7-9 months because of high temperature, pinching 6 leaves by adopting the 6+3+3 pinching method, circularly pinching 3 leaves at the top end, and completing identity conversion of the fruit bearing trees and the branch cultivation trees in 7-9 months through pinching, germination acceleration and branch binding;

s8: carrying out normal drip irrigation and water fertilization on fruit trees in the next half year, carrying out spray control on plant diseases and insect pests, carrying out pinching control and the like to ensure normal ripening of fruits, and carrying out harvesting when the fruits are ripe in the last 11 months;

s9: and (4) applying winter fertilizer, pruning branches and cleaning a garden.

Preferably, the alternating fruiting mode is performed once a year on fruiting trees in odd rows and on nutrition trees in even rows.

Preferably, the 2.8-meter large tree cultivation mode adopts the technical scheme of alternately and circularly obtaining results by using a large tree in a shape like the Chinese character 'wang'.

Preferably, the pesticide management scheme of the one-year two-season cyclic fruiting technology is as follows:

spraying lime sulfur to disinfect in 2 months;

3 months, paving a mulching film in the whole garden, and paving an insect-proof net in the greenhouse for preventing insects;

spraying boron fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate and iprodione once before blooming in 4 months;

after 5 months of flowering, soaking flowers and preserving fruits by gibberellin and forchlorfenuron;

after 5 months, the imazalil is beaten once before the fruits are expanded and bagged;

after 7 months, coating cyanamide on the fruiting number of the next half year for accelerating germination;

spraying boron fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate and iprodione once according to the florescence of the variety in 8 months;

after 9 months of flowering, soaking flowers and preserving fruits by gibberellin and forchlorfenuron;

after 9 months, the imazalil is beaten once before the fruits are expanded and bagged;

spraying Bordeaux mixture after fruits are picked for 11-12 months, cleaning garden, and controlling pesticide to fully meet AA grade green agricultural product standard.

Preferably, the first half year water and fertilizer management scheme of the first half year fruit tree in S5 includes:

for the first time, 20 kg of compound fertilizer is applied after germination accelerating fertilizer and film covering for 7-10 days, and water is added after soil mixing;

secondly, sprouting fertilizer is used, 20-20-20 water soluble fertilizer is added for sprouting of the branches, and 1 kg of potassium fulvate is added for sprouting of the branches, wherein 2 kg of the water soluble fertilizer is added for sprouting of the branches;

thirdly, catalyzing a branch fertilizer, adding 20-20-20 water-soluble fertilizers into 3 kg of 4-6 leaves of branches, and adding 2 kg of potassium fulvate;

fourthly, fertilizing before the flowers and adding 3 kg of 12-40-10 water soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium fulvate when the flower flocs are not unfolded;

fifthly, preserving the fruit fertilizer, and adding 2 kg of 20-20-20 water-soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of 12-40-10 water-soluble fertilizer after fruit soaking;

sixthly, expanding the fruit fertilizer, and adding 3 kilograms of calcium nitrate after 7 days of preserving the fruit fertilizer;

seventhly, expanding the fruit fertilizer, and after 15 days of the fruit fertilizer, adding 3 kg of 15-5-40 water-soluble fertilizer, 2 kg of 20-20-20 water-soluble fertilizer, 2 kg of fulvic acid potassium and 2 kg of amino acid;

eighthly, expanding the fruit fertilizer, and after 10 days, 15-5-40 kg of water-soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of amino acid and potassium fulvate respectively;

ninthly, expanding the fruit fertilizer, and after 10 days, 15-5-40 kg of water-soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of amino acid and potassium fulvate respectively;

and in the tenth time, after the fertilizer is ripened and separated by 10 days, 4 kg of 15-5-40 water soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of amino acid and potassium fulvate are respectively added, and then the water and fertilizer supply is stopped.

Preferably, the first half year water and fertilizer management scheme of the next half year fruit trees comprises:

thirdly, catalyzing a branch fertilizer, adding 2 kg of fulvic acid potassium into 2 kg of 20-20-20 water soluble fertilizer for 4-6 leaves of branches;

fourth, the branches are ripened and fertilized, and after the first 6-leaf pinching of the branches, 2 kg of 12-40-10 water soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium fulvate are applied;

fifthly, 2 kilograms of calcium nitrate;

sixthly, accelerating maturity and fertilizing of the branches, and after the first 6-leaf pinching of the branches, adding 2 kg of 12-40-10 water soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium fulvate;

seventhly, accelerating the ripening of the branches by using 3 kg of water-soluble fertilizer 15-5-40 days at intervals of 10 days, and respectively using 2 kg of amino acid and potassium fulvate;

eighthly, accelerating the ripening of the branches, applying water soluble fertilizer 3 kg and potassium fulvate 2 kg respectively at an interval of 10 days and 15-5-40, stopping the supply of the water and fertilizer, and controlling water.

Preferably, the next half year water and fertilizer management scheme of the next half year fruit bearing tree comprises the following steps:

for the first time, accelerating germination and fertilizing, wherein 2 kg of 20-20-20 water soluble fertilizer is added with 1 kg of fulvic acid potassium after germination;

thirdly, catalyzing a branch fertilizer, adding 2 kg of fulvic acid potassium into 2 kg of 12-40-10 water soluble fertilizer for 4-6 leaves of branches;

fourthly, fertilizing before the flowers and adding 2 kg of 12-40-10 water soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of potassium fulvate when the flower flocs are not unfolded;

fifthly, preserving the fruit fertilizer, and adding 20-20-20 kg of water-soluble fertilizer and 12-40-10 kg of water-soluble fertilizer after fruit soaking;

and in the ninth time, after the fertilizer is ripened and separated by 10 days, 4 kg of 15-5-40 water soluble fertilizer and 2 kg of amino acid and potassium fulvate are respectively added.

Preferably, after the fruit trees in the next half year are picked, ditching and applying the winter fertilizer to the fruit trees in the first half year and the fruit trees in the next half year, wherein the application scheme of the winter fertilizer is as follows: 2 tons of organic fertilizer (mixture of rapeseed cakes and mushroom leftovers), 40 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of trace element fertilizer, 2 kg of zinc fertilizer and 3 kg of boron fertilizer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method adopts the mutual switching of the fruiting trees and the branch cultivation trees, each tree only bears one season of fruits, so that the burden of the trees is greatly reduced, the space and the sunlight are fully utilized, the neutral period of the next half year in the grape cultivation is effectively utilized, the method is suitable for middle and early maturing grape varieties which have good flower bud differentiation and are suitable for a summer germination accelerating cultivation mode, if the regional environment is good and frost-free period is long, the maturing time of late maturing varieties can be met, even the late maturing varieties can also bear fruits by a one-year two-season circulation fruiting mode, the principle of the method is simple and easy to use, the peak season of grape production is staggered, high yield of two-season high-quality grapes in one year can be realized, and the economic benefit of a grower is greatly increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the branches with a row spacing of 2.8 m in the method for the alternate circulation of a plurality of grapevines;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the I-shaped branches with a row spacing of 2.8 m in the method for the alternate circulation of plural grapevines according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a technical scheme of a cultivation mode of a 2.8 m row spacing H-shaped and Wang-shaped mixed alternate circulation result in the method for complex grapevine alternate circulation result provided by the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of fruit branches in a common vineyard;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dual-tree alternate cycle fruiting frame distribution method in the method for complex grapevine alternate cycle fruiting according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the 3-5 month growth status of the 1.4 row spacing close planting cycle results in the method for alternating cycle results of a plurality of grapevines according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the growth state of the grapevine in the period of 6 months to 7 months from the 1.4 row spacing close planting cycle in the method for alternating cycle results of the multiple grapevines according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the growth state of the grapevine in the period of 7-8 months after the 1.4 row spacing close planting cycle in the method for alternating cycle results of the multiple grapevines according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the growth state of the grapevine in the period of 8 months to 9 months in the case of the 1.4 row spacing close planting cycle in the method for alternating cycle results of the plurality of grapevines according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the growth state of 10-12 months from the 1.4 row spacing close planting cycle result in the method for the alternate cycle result of the plurality of grapevines according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, a method for alternating and cycling results of a plurality of grapevines, the method comprising the steps of:

s9: and (4) applying winter fertilizer, pruning branches and cleaning a garden.

Wherein, the technical scheme of the 1.4 line spacing close planting circulation result is as follows: in the first half year, the fruiting trees are the trees 2 and 4, the branches of the trees 2 and the branches of the trees 4 grow transversely, the branches of the trees 1, the branches of the trees 3 and the branches of the trees 5 grow longitudinally, the branches of the trees 1, the branches of the trees 3 and the branches of the trees 5 only serve as nutrition branches, in the next half year, the fruiting trees are the trees 1, the trees 3 and the trees 5, the branches of the trees 1, the branches of the trees 3 and the branches of the trees 5 grow transversely, and the branches of the trees 2 and the branches of the trees 4 are controlled to grow.

The 2.8-meter large tree type cultivation mode adopts a technical scheme of alternately and circularly fruiting large trees in a shape of I and a shape of Wang, when the I-shaped cultivation technical scheme and the I-shaped cultivation technical scheme are directly combined together for planting, branches can be staggered mutually, so that when two types of frames are combined together, one frame tree expands branches to bear fruits, and the other frame tree only cultivates vegetative branches without occupying a fruit frame surface.

Wherein, alternate fruiting mode is carried out once every year on fruiting trees in odd rows and nutrition trees in even rows.

Wherein, the first half year water and fertilizer management scheme of the first half year fruiting tree in S5 comprises:

Wherein, the first half year liquid manure management scheme of the fruit bearing tree in the next half year comprises:

fifthly, 2 kilograms of calcium nitrate;

Wherein, the next half year water and fertilizer management scheme of the next half year fruiting tree comprises:

After the fruit trees in the next half year are picked, ditching and applying the winter fertilizer to the fruit trees in the first half year and the fruit trees in the next half year, wherein the application scheme of the winter fertilizer is as follows: 2000 kg of organic fertilizer (mixture of rapeseed cake and mushroom leftovers), 40 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of trace element fertilizer, 2 kg of zinc fertilizer and 3 kg of boron fertilizer.

The pesticide management scheme of the one-year two-season cyclic fruiting technology comprises the following steps:

spraying lime sulfur to disinfect in 2 months;

Referring to fig. 6-10, the complex cycle outcome method is illustrated with 1.4 meter row spacing, with 4 rows of the grapevine:

3-5 months, taking 1 row and 3 rows as fruit trees of the next half year, growing longitudinally, taking 2 rows and 4 rows as fruit trees of the first half year, and growing transversely;

cultivating branches in 1 line and 3 lines in 6-7 months, and fruiting in 2 lines and 4 lines;

picking leaves and accelerating germination in 1 line and 3 lines in 7-8 months, picking fruits in 2 lines and 4 lines, fertilizing, trimming, and reserving bearing branches in the next year;

in 8-9 months, taking 1 row and 3 rows as fruit trees of the next half year, beginning to develop branch buds, and repairing and bearing branches in 2 rows and 4 rows;

month 10-12, a cycle of one round is completed, second year, first half year results in rows 1 and 3, and second half year results in rows 2 and 4.

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples, which are provided solely for the purpose of better understanding the present invention.

Example one

Experiment site in 2017: changde city, Henan province 8 groups of Yongfeng county Fuxing villages;

subject: summer black;

the experimental park occupies 200 square, the variety selected in consideration of the relation between sunlight and maturation time is early summer black, the fruit trees are planted in 16 years, the maturation time of the first batch of fruits in 18 years is 6 months, the nutritive trees are subjected to leaf picking, germination accelerating and semi-lignification of branches at the beginning of 7 months, and the maturity of the branches meets the conditions very well. The fruits in season 2 have matured in the same year, and the feasibility of the method is verified at that time, but the yield is not counted.

In 2017, 2-tree alternate result experiments of the sun rose grapes are carried out, the first half of the years are normally subjected to rain sheltering cultivation, the mature time is longer than 8 months, harvesting is completed, the pruning and germination accelerating time is delayed to 9 months and 15 days, the 9-11 months are good in growth condition, only young fruits cannot mature in the second season due to temperature reduction, the feasibility of the scheme is fully verified through 17-year experiments, a lot of reference data are provided for 18-year experiments, and the experimental data of experimental materials are not very detailed mainly based on field experiments. All are based on practical results of field cultivation.

Example two

Experiment site in 2018: a base of agricultural green ecological agriculture institute in Yangtze city of Changde, Hunan province;

the experimental variety is as follows: kyoho and summer black;

the number of experiments: 18 summer black plants, 20 Kyoho plants;

line spacing: 2.5 m;

plant spacing: 1.3 meters;

mode of results: alternating the results;

the average yield per mu of 9 spikes is obtained by one tree in the first half of dark in summer, the total yield of 95 spikes is obtained by 9 trees, the total yield is 78 kg, the average yield per mu is 3466 kg, the average yield per mu of 85 spikes is obtained by 9 trees in the second half of dark in summer, the total yield per mu is 71 kg, and the average yield per mu is 3155 kg.

10 trees in the first half of Kyoho bear fruits of 105 ears, the total amount is 83 kg, the average yield per mu can reach 3320 kg, and 10 trees in the next half of Kyoho bear fruits of 110 ears, the total amount is 82 kg, the yield per mu is 3280 kg, and the quality is excellent.

EXAMPLE III

the experimental variety is as follows: sun rose;

the experiment shows that 16 fruit trees are grown,

the cultivation scheme is as follows: adopting single-film early-maturing cultivation;

in the Hunan climate, the growth time is prolonged, the sunshine roses in the experimental garden begin to mature in No. 7-month-5, local sunshine roses planted in the rain shelter hardly mature at that time, tree vigor pruning and germination accelerating are carried out after the harvest is completed in the early 8-month period, branches grow quickly in the greenhouse with the temperature being very high in 8-month period for 18 years, so that the internode is longer, the flowering phase is No. 9-month-2, the single yield is controlled for shortening the maturation phase, and the fruit maturation time is 11-month-5 days.

Example four

Experiment site in 2019: kyowa Jingmen City, Hubei province, Jingshan county, autumn county, orchard grape planting cooperative;

the cultivation scheme is as follows: root limiting planting in a greenhouse;

at present, the growth state of branches well meets the experimental requirements, the branches in the multi-span greenhouse are controlled to be 8 leaves, the fruit bearing trees within the range of 1.1 m reach 400 plants, and the estimated yield per mu is about 4000 jin.

Because the experimental materials are not sufficient, the experimental data are mainly field experiments, the records of the experimental data machine are not detailed, but are recorded according to the practical results of field cultivation, the complete experimental data can be recorded in 2018, the scheme is far away from simplicity and easiness in use, the peak seasons of grape production are staggered, the yield is high in two seasons of one year, the quality of the produced grapes is good, the economic benefits of farmers are greatly increased, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for alternating and cyclic fruiting of a plurality of grapevines, comprising the steps of:

s1: building a multi-span grape greenhouse, adopting a parallel frame surface, and adopting a 1.4-meter close planting mode or a 2.8-meter big tree type cultivation;

s8: normally dropping water and fertilizer into the fruit tree in the next half year, spraying to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests, performing pinching control operation to ensure normal ripening of fruits, and performing harvesting process after fruits are ripe in the last 11 th month;

s9: and (4) applying winter fertilizer, pruning branches and cleaning a garden.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the odd-numbered bearing trees alternate with the even-numbered bearing trees in an alternate bearing pattern once a year.

3. The method for alternately cycling the results of a plurality of grapevines according to claim 1, wherein the 2.8 m big tree type cultivation mode adopts a technical scheme of alternately cycling the results of a worker + a king character big tree type.

4. The method for alternate cycling of vitis vinifera according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide management protocol for alternate cycling of vitis vinifera is:

spraying lime sulfur to disinfect in 2 months;

5. The method for alternate and cyclic fruiting of grape vines according to claim 1, wherein the first half year water and fertilizer management scheme of the first half year fruit tree in S5 comprises:

6. The method for alternate and cyclic fruiting of grape vines according to claim 1, wherein the next half year fruit tree water and fertilizer management scheme comprises: