CN109566255B - Facility grape cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping - Google Patents
Facility grape cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a facility grape cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping, which comprises variety selection, planting, shaping and trimming; and the shaping and pruning comprises the step of culturing the annual mother vine with a prepared vine, wherein the current annual mother vine of the grape obtains autumn delay fruits, and the annual mother vine of the grape obtains cross-year promotion fruits. The invention solves the problem that the late-maturing grapes are mostly used for late-maturing grapes in autumn; the problem that the grapes which are ripe twice within the year need to bear fruits on the same mother vine is solved, the effect that the annual mother vine promotes the fruits within the year and the current mother vine spreads the fruits later for two times is achieved, and the plunder type technique that the original annual common vine is pinched to force the current bud to sprout and bear the fruits twice within the year is avoided. The annual mother vines of the invention promote the fruiting to be completed before 6 months, and the fruiting is carried out in off season, thus having remarkable economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping of protected grapes, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation.
Background
In the prior art, the late-maturing grape variety is generally selected to be formed in the autumn delayed grape cultivation mode; annual double cropping is also that the first grape grows on the vine and the second grape is formed by simultaneous pinching to realize two grapes, the pinching of the same vine in the same year forces the buds to sprout and produce two fruits in the same year as a plunder type method, and the two fruits on the same vine in the same year affect the yield and quality of the grapes.
CN105724166A discloses a greenhouse grape single-mother-vine fruiting two-cropping cultivation method, which needs a basin-covering and growth regulator principle application mode with higher cost and has certain defects.
In the two-cropping fruit mode in the prior art, if the first cropping grape reaches about 3500 kg, the second cropping grape is about 1500 kg, and the yield is low;
meanwhile, in the prior art, most of branches and leaves used for forming the yield of the second crop in a two-crop fruit mode (the first crop and the first crop have the period of hanging trees simultaneously) are old branches and leaves for manufacturing nutrition. The second crop does not grow in a natural law in a whole year, and the problems of nutrition production by using the amount of common branches and leaves or nutrition production by using the amount of old branches and leaves exist, so that the nutrition condition is poor, and the quality of the second crop of grapes is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping of facility grapes, which aims to realize the following purposes:
(1) realizing the autumn delay result of the middle-early-maturing grape variety;
(2) the annual mother vines in the same year promote fruiting, the annual mother vines in the same year obtain autumn delayed fruits, and the fruiting of different vines in one year is realized twice, and the fruiting is carried out in a slack season;
(3) the total yield of two fruiting in one year is improved;
(4) the quality of the second-crop grapes is improved.
(5) No potting technique or plant growth agent is required.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping of facility grape comprises selecting variety, planting, shaping and trimming; and the shaping and pruning comprises the step of culturing the annual mother vine with a prepared vine, wherein the current annual mother vine of the grape obtains autumn delay fruits, and the annual mother vine of the grape obtains cross-year promotion fruits.
The variety is a middle-early-maturing grape variety.
The planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 30-45 cm, the row spacing is 120 cm, and 1230-1850 plants are planted per mu.
The annual grape mother vine is cultured with a prepared vine, after grape field planting, each grape leaves a vine to grow vertically to form the annual mother vine, the annual mother vine is used for obtaining autumn delayed grapes, 1-1.2 meters of the grapes are left for trimming when the grapes are cut in winter after leaf harvesting and leaf falling, and the annual grape mother vine is formed after cross-year cultivation; after the grape is planted, each grape is cultured with a new vine of the same year and a prepared vine of the base part, and the grape is in a leaf-bearing and growing state.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining autumn delayed fruits from the current-year mother vine of grapes, and obtaining the autumn delayed fruits after 1-2 times of leaf picking and 2-times of core picking at the position above 14 leaves on the current-year mother vine on the premise of ensuring that the preserved height of winter pruning is 1-1.2 meters and flower buds are full.
The annual grape mother vines are subjected to cross-year promoting results again, the annual grape mother vines are subjected to temperature rise treatment to promote cultivation, meanwhile, the prepared vines near the bases of the annual grape mother vines occupy another trellis to start cultivation to form new annual grape mother vines, and meanwhile, a new prepared vine is cultivated on the bases and is in a leaf-carrying and growing state.
And (3) culturing the new annual grape mother vine, wherein each grape leaves a vine to grow vertically to form the current annual mother vine, the current annual mother vine is used for obtaining autumn delayed grapes, 1-1.2 meters are left for pruning when the grapes are cut in winter after leaf falling, and the new annual grape mother vine is formed after the vine is crossed.
The cultivation method adopts double trellis cultivation of new and old vines, the trellis spacing is 40 cm, the planting year is the same, and the new and old vines occupy one trellis; from the second year after planting, annual grape mother vines of the same single plant occupy a trellis, and annual mother vines of the same plant, which are ready for new growth of vines, occupy a trellis.
The early-maturing grape variety is black baladuo, Victoria, summer black, 8611, Yongyou No. I or green grape.
The grapes are used for obtaining autumn delayed fruits from the current-year-old mother vines, branches and vines of the current-year-old mother vines are independently placed on a trellis after the current-year-old mother vines germinate, the germinated fruiting vines are arranged on the surfaces of the south and north iron wire frames at intervals of 15cm, 2 fruiting vines are reserved for each current-year-old mother vine, and one bunch of grapes is reserved for each fruiting vine.
The annual grape mother vines obtain cross-year promoting results, the annual grape mother vines are subjected to grape promoting management, the fruiting vines are grown on the surfaces of the south and north iron wire frames at intervals of 15cm, 2-3 fruiting vines are reserved on each mother vine, and one bunch of grapes is reserved on each fruiting vine to obtain the promoting results.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) solves the problem that the late-maturing grape variety is mostly used for the autumn delayed grapes;
(2) the problem that the grapes which are ripe twice within the year need to bear fruits on the same mother vine is solved, the effect that the annual mother vine promotes the fruits within the year and the current mother vine spreads the fruits later for two times is achieved, and the plunder type technique that the original annual common vine is pinched to force the current bud to sprout and bear the fruits twice within the year is avoided. The annual mother vines of the invention promote the fruiting to be completed before 6 months, and the fruiting is carried out in off season, thus having remarkable economic benefit.
(3) The yield of grapes per mu delayed in autumn is about 2500 kg, the yield of grapes per mu is about 3500 kg, and if the yield of grapes per mu in the first two-cropping fruit mode reaches about 3500 kg, the yield of grapes per mu in the second cropping fruit mode is about 1500 kg.
(4) Solves the problems of complicated pot covering technology and high cost of a greenhouse grape single-mother-vine bearing two-cropping cultivation method.
(5) The key of the facility grapes for delaying the two crops and promoting the two crops in successive years is that the grapes grow in the same vine in different years and the grapes grow in different seasons, each ripe grape in the year is equivalent to a single and complete annual growth, and the two batches of manufactured nutritional branches and leaves are new and large in quantity and have good nutritional conditions;
in the traditional mode, the second-crop fruits (with a certain period of time and tree hanging time) are not grown in a whole year under a natural rule, and the problem that the nutrition is produced by the quantity of common branches and leaves or the nutrition is produced by the quantity of old branches and leaves exists, so that the nutrition condition is poor. The double-ripe grapes of the invention have more uniform fruit grains, full juice and bright color, and particularly the sugar content of the autumn delayed grapes of the same variety is 1.2 percent higher than that of the contrast (original two-cropping grapes).
The sugar content of the green grape matured in batches delayed in autumn in one year reaches 17 percent; the sugar content of the second green grape in the prior art is only 14 percent.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1 cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping of greenhouse grapes
The method comprises the following steps:
1. variety selection
The protected grape cultivation variety mainly comprises medium-early maturing varieties, the successive-year double-maturing cultivation of grapes with uniform annual mother vines in the year and late mother propagation in the year is realized, and the defect that only late maturing varieties can be selected in old-style delayed cultivation in the prior art is overcome. Selecting varieties of black baladuo, Victoria, summer black, 8611, Yongyou No. I, green grape and the like, and all the varieties are suitable for facility grape cultivation required locally.
2. Planting conditions
(1) Planting time: because facility grape planting is adopted, the spring cultivation time is utilized according to different types of cutting seedlings, grafting seedlings, nutrition cup leafy green seedlings and the like and specific conditions in facilities.
(2) Plant row spacing: the plant spacing is 30-45 cm, the row spacing is 120 cm, and 1230-E1850 plants are planted per mu. The new and old vines are cultivated in double trellis frames, the trellis frame distance is 40 cm, annual mother vines growing from the same single plant in the conventional year occupy one trellis frame, and the annual mother vines growing from the same single plant in the conventional year occupy one trellis frame.
(3) The planting method comprises the following steps:
soil preparation: applying 3-6 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer and 100 kg of calcium superphosphate per mu, fully and uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer with surface soil and middle soil, backfilling, watering and settling, and paying attention to not break the original soil level during backfilling;
planting: during planting, the nursery stock is soaked in clear water for a day and night, the root system, particularly a main root, is cut properly, the cut root is cut into uniform, the nursery stock is placed in a small hole, the root system is fully extended towards the periphery in the hole, fine soil is backfilled, when half of the root system is filled, the root soil is tightly connected, the soil is filled until the ground is flat, the depth is based on the fact that the trace of the original soil print of the nursery stock is flush with the ground, planting water is poured after the nursery stock is compacted by feet, 3-4 full buds are left for drying after planting, and the tree form adopts a new and old vine double-fence wall type.
3. Pruning and pruning
(1) Culturing annual grape mother vine with prepared vines: after grape field planting, through daily fertilizer and water management, each grape leaves a vine to grow vertically to form the current-year mother vine, 10 leaves are plucked for the first time, then 2 leaves are continuously plucked for the upward vertical growth of new shoots, one leaf is left for the new shoots of other side buds to pluck the heart after the dead (namely, the buds at the leaf stalks are plucked together), finally, 1-1.2 meters of pruning is left for winter pruning after autumn delayed grape harvesting and leaf dropping, the annual grape mother vine is formed after the year crossing, and one row is occupied in a double trellis. In addition to the above, after the grape is planted, each grape is cultured with a mother vine of the current year and a prepared vine of a base part, about 3 leaves are generally left, the first (or the next half year from the beginning) growing season is in a leaf-carrying growth waiting state, and the new 'annual grape mother vine' is cultured for the second year to occupy another row.
(2) Firstly, two crops of delay fruits are poured from the current-year-old mother vines of grapes: the management goal after grape cultivation or after the preliminary tendrils in spring grow for one year is to form annual mother tendrils, the current year of growth is the current mother tendrils, as facility grapes have long growth period and sufficient nutrition, a batch of grape fruits are obtained on the premise of basically finishing the culture of the annual mother tendrils, the method is to manage in place fertilizer water and the like, and on the premise of ensuring that the reserved height of winter shears is 1-1.2 meters and flower buds are full, leaf picking is carried out for 1 time and 2 times of pinching is carried out on the positions above 14 leaves on the current year mother tendrils, and autumn delay fruits are obtained. The innovation point is that autumn delayed grapes are obtained from the current-year mother vines, so that the grapes are about Yuan Dan to appear on the market, the current-year mother vines are in the growth stage in the prior art, generally, the grapes do not bear fruits, and the possibility of adjusting the time of appearing on the market by taking the autumn delay as a master is easier to operate if the annual purpose is to use the autumn delay as the master.
The fruiting tendrils germinated on the current-year mother tendrils are arranged on the iron wires on the row surfaces by about 15cm, namely, the branches and tendrils after the grapes are germinated are arranged on a separate trellis in time, the cultivation row direction is matched with the trellis surface, the fruiting tendrils emitted by the current-year mother tendrils of the grapes are preferably arranged on the south and north iron wire trellis surfaces by about 15cm in principle, generally, 2 fruiting tendrils are reserved on the current-year mother tendrils, and one grape is reserved on each fruiting tendrils. The mother vine for finishing the fruit bearing of the two crops of the grapes is the current-year-old mother vine, and the prepared vine (re-promoting the technologies such as available branchings and the like which are not formed originally) near the base of the current-year mother vine is cultivated and reserved in the first year (or the next half year) in a growing season with leaves and in a waiting-for-growing state.
(3) The annual mother vine of the grape is regained and contributes to the fruit year by year: after the current-year mother vines of the grapes in the previous year are cultured, although two crops of fruits are harvested in the current year, the remained annual mother vines are complete, the normal grape forcing culture is carried out on the annual mother vines after the grapes are crossed, the fruiting vines emitted by the annual mother vines of the grapes are suitable for every 15cm of the vine on the surfaces of north and south iron wire frames in principle, generally, 2-3 fruiting vines are remained on each mother vine, and one grape is remained on each fruiting vine; while the annual mother vine is heated to start the promotion management, the prepared vine near the base of the annual mother vine (the technology of available dendrites and the like which are not formed originally is promoted) occupies another row, and the new 'annual mother vine' is cultured independently without inhibiting the growth of the new 'annual mother vine'. Cutting off the whole annual mother vine part of the original grape which has already finished promoting the fruit in about 6 months, continuously culturing a new annual mother vine in the other row of prepared vines, and simultaneously continuously managing the autumn delay of two crops poured from the annual mother vine. Different from the conventional technology, the female vines for promoting the fruiting in the current year are annual female vines which are crossed, the female vines for finishing the two crops of delayed fruits are annual female vines in the current year, and the two vines are managed on two trellis frames respectively in a distinguishing way, and the rest is done in sequence year after year. The reserved vines are still in a leaf-bearing and growing state.
(4) The current-year mother vine and the annual mother vine are updated: after the grapes are planted in a fixed mode, through daily management, after the grapes sprout, each grape is cultured with a mother vine growing in the current year and a prepared vine of a base part, about 3 leaves are generally reserved, and the grapes are in a leaf-bearing growth waiting state in the first year (or the next half year). While sprouting of the next year with the annual mother vine cultivated in the previous year contributes to fruiting, this prepared vine (or cultivating the prepared vine while fruiting the annual mother vine in the spring) is grown normally at the same time and the next current year's mother vine is cultivated again or simultaneously with another new prepared vine. After the mature of grapes on each annual mother vine, the annual mother vine which has already fruited and fruiting vine is completely removed, and the renewal task of the new annual mother vine newly cultured by the original reserve vine is completed (the reserve vine is additionally arranged on the base). And the condition in the facility can be fully utilized to realize the autumn delay management of the current-year mother vine for pouring two grapes, the current-year mother vine which finishes pouring two grapes becomes the next-year old-year mother vine after winter pruning, and the cultivation of the next-year mother vine is also finished. After harvest and pruning of autumn delayed grapes, under the condition that dormancy accumulation at 0-7.2 ℃ is created by an adjustable technology, grape dormancy is repeatedly promoted for another year after the grape dormancy is completed, and then the grape enters a sprouting fruiting stage of the next year.
4. Greenhouse regulation and control of grape double cropping
The grape double cropping greenhouse cultivation is managed by adopting conventional technologies such as temperature and humidity regulation, dormancy breaking promotion technology, heat preservation delay technology, grape fruit setting improvement technology and the like.
The grape cultivated by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the facility grapes are delayed from two crops and are promoted to be ripe for two years, the characteristics of long growth period and many sprouts of the facility grapes are fully utilized, the second crops are directly reserved on the current-year mother vines to form delayed grape fruits, and the annual mother vines are promoted to form grape ripe for grape yield in a cross-year mode, so that the yield quality is guaranteed; the original autumn delayed cultivation mode is that two grapes are formed by utilizing the late maturing grape variety formation, the annual double maturing is also the first grape growing in the year, and the second grape is formed on the vine in the current year through simultaneous pinching to realize two fruits, and the two fruits of the greenhouse grape single-mother vine bearing two maturing cultivation method in the successive year need a basin set with higher cost and a growth regulator, and have certain defects;
the invention mainly avoids the plunder type technique of forcing buds to sprout in the same year to produce two fruits in the same year by pinching the same vine in the same year in the original same year according to the characteristics of the facility grapes such as long growth period, more branches in the growth period, easy formation of two crops by pinching and the like. Generally, the yield per mu of the grapes delayed in autumn is about 2500 kg, the yield per mu of the grapes is about 3500 kg, and if the yield per mu of the first grape in the original two-cropping fruit mode is about 3500 kg, the yield per mu of the second grape is about 1500 kg. The main difference is that the two-time yield formation of the invention uses two batches of different-age mother vines and two times of new non-overlapping acre branches and leaves for nutrition production, while the two-time fruit mode second-time yield formation of the original two-time mode (the period of simultaneous hanging of trees with the first-time) uses most of branches and leaves for nutrition production of old branches and leaves.
(2) The method realizes the maximization of the application and operation range of the autumn-delayed parent vine cultivar of the early-maturing cultivar in the facility grapes in the current year, changes the situation that most of the autumn-delayed grapes are late-maturing cultivars, can realize the manual operability of the autumn-delayed maturation stage of the early-maturing cultivar corresponding to the middle-maturing cultivar, enlarges the operation range of the northern facility grape industry, and improves the scientific and technological capability of the countryside happy industry.
(3) The quality of the grape fruits in the second crop is ensured, because the grapes do not bear twice with the mother vine in the year, the first crop of the grapes is not actually left by the mother vine in the year, and the two crops of the grape fruits are two crops in the sense of technical measures of directly leaving by technology, so the embodiment of the quality of the grape fruits in the year is ensured in the sense of nutrition and the like, the due nature of the selected grape variety can be embodied, and the era requirement of new and old kinetic energy conversion is followed.
(4) The harvest of new and old vines of facility grapes is guaranteed, the grapes are cultured with annual mother vines simultaneously, the annual mother vines are jointed one time and the current mother vines are jointed one time in the year to form a benign format which can be analogized from year to year, the new annual mother vines and the current vine are cultured in successive years to be ripe for two times in successive years, and the new and old vines and the next prepared vine are cultured for successive years.
(5) Whether the double ripening is mainly promoting the early ripening or delaying the late ripening depends on the choice of the grape variety and the thought factors. The second grape with double ripeness mainly promoting early ripening is not necessary to ripen too late, and the first grape with double ripeness mainly delaying ripening is not necessary to ripen too early, so that greenhouse control promoting measures can be reasonably utilized.
The key of the facility grapes for delaying and promoting two crops in successive years is that the grapes grow in the same vine in different seasons, the technical measures are simplified, the cost is low, each ripe grape in the year is equivalent to a single and complete annual growth, the two batches of manufactured nutritional branches and leaves are new and large, and the nutritional conditions are good; in the traditional mode, the second-crop fruits (with a certain period of time and tree hanging time) are not grown in a whole year under a natural rule, and the problem that the nutrition is produced by the quantity of common branches and leaves or the nutrition is produced by the quantity of old branches and leaves exists, so that the nutrition condition is poor. Generally, the grapes of the two-cropping grape have uniform fruit grains, full juice and bright color compared with the grapes of the two-cropping grape in the traditional mode, and particularly the sugar content of the grapes of the same variety in the autumn delay period is 1.2 percent higher than that of the grapes of the two-cropping grape in the contrast (the two-cropping grape).
The sugar content of the green grape matured in batches delayed in autumn in one year reaches 17 percent; the sugar content of the second green grape in the prior art is only 14 percent.
The differences between the present invention and the prior art are briefly summarized as follows:
1. the current situation that the original autumn delayed grapes can only be selected from late-maturing grape varieties is changed, and the market range of the early-maturing grape varieties capable of operating autumn delay is enriched;
2. bearing fruit in the first year after grape cultivation, and preparing vine with leaves to be grown in the current year after the current year of late bearing fruit propagation;
3. the conventional annual mother vines promote fruiting, the annual mother propagation is late in fruiting, the conventional annual mother vines occupy two trellis frames and the current mother propagation is late in fruiting, and the current mother vines are fruited in two off-seasons as far as possible;
4. the conventional annual mother vines and the annual mother vines grow simultaneously in two trellis in early spring to promote stubble, so that two fruiting cultivations with different purposes are realized;
5. culturing current-year-old mother vines with prepared vines in the conventional year, and making the current-year-old mother vines with the prepared vines into annual mother vines with the prepared vines after leaf drop trimming;
6. the growth habit of the grapes is scientifically utilized in the conventional year, and energy-consuming growth cost such as similar potting equipment and growth regulators does not need to be increased;
finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A facility grape cultivation method for delaying and promoting double cropping, which is characterized in that: comprises the steps of variety selection, planting, shaping and pruning; the shaping and pruning comprises the steps of culturing annual mother vines with prepared vines, obtaining autumn delay fruits from the current-year mother vines of the grapes, and obtaining cross-year promoting fruits from the annual mother vines;
the variety is a middle-early-maturing grape variety;
the annual grape mother vine is cultured with a prepared vine, after grape field planting, each grape leaves a vine to grow vertically to form the annual mother vine, the annual mother vine is used for obtaining autumn delayed grapes, 1-1.2 meters of the grapes are left for trimming when the grapes are cut in winter after leaf harvesting and leaf falling, and the annual grape mother vine is formed after cross-year cultivation; after field planting, each grape is cultured with a current-year-old mother vine and a prepared vine of a base part, and is in a leaf-carrying and growing state;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) obtaining autumn delayed fruits from a current-year mother vine of grapes, and carrying out 1-time leaf picking and 2-time pinching on positions with more than 14 leaves on the current-year mother vine to obtain the autumn delayed fruits;
the annual grape mother vines are subjected to cross-year promotion, the annual grape mother vines are subjected to temperature rise treatment to promote cultivation, meanwhile, the prepared vines near the bases of the annual grape mother vines occupy another trellis to start to be cultivated into new annual grape mother vines, and meanwhile, a new prepared vine is cultivated at the base and is in a leaf-carrying and growing state;
the cultivation method adopts double trellis cultivation of new and old vines, the trellis spacing is 40 cm, the planting year is the same, and the new and old vines occupy one trellis; from the second year after planting, annual grape mother vines of the same single plant occupy a trellis, and annual mother vines of the same plant, which are ready for new growth of vines, occupy a trellis.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the steps of: the planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 30-45 cm, the row spacing is 120 cm, and 1230-1850 plants are planted per mu.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the steps of: the early-maturing grape variety is black baladuo, Victoria, summer black, 8611, Yongyou No. I or green grape.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the steps of:
the grapes are used for obtaining autumn delayed fruits from the current-year-old mother vines, branches and vines of the current-year-old mother vines are independently placed on a trellis after the current-year-old mother vines germinate, the germinated fruiting vines are arranged on the surfaces of the south and north iron wire frames at intervals of 15cm, 2 fruiting vines are reserved for each current-year-old mother vine, and one bunch of grapes is reserved for each fruiting vine.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the steps of: the annual grape mother vines obtain cross-year promoting results, the annual grape mother vines are subjected to grape promoting management, the fruiting vines are grown on the surfaces of the south and north iron wire frames at intervals of 15cm, 2-3 fruiting vines are reserved on each mother vine, and one bunch of grapes is reserved on each fruiting vine to obtain the promoting results.
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| CN102293138A (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2011-12-28 | 刘冠义 | Greenhouse vegetable type culture method for grape |
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| CN109566255A (en) | 2019-04-05 |
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