CN107211713B - Greenhouse unlimited growth type tomato lifting rope cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating unlimited growth type tomatoes by lifting ropes in a greenhouse, which aims at the defects that the mutual shading surfaces of the unlimited growth type tomatoes in the greenhouse are large, the normal development of plants is influenced by the traditional lifting rope method, and the like, and the method achieves the aim of cultivating the tomatoes with high yield and high quality by using the lifting ropes to pull, using cluster hooks and stem clamps, combining branch trimming, leaf thinning and biogas liquid fertilizer application according to the biological characteristics of the tomatoes and the growth characteristics of four periods of a field planting growth period, a flower-beginning fruit setting period, a fruit expanding period and a fruit mature period. The method has the advantages of prolonging the growth period of tomato, increasing the number of flowers and stalks of tomato, increasing the number of fruits and increasing the weight of single tomato fruit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to vegetable cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating unlimited growth type tomatoes in a greenhouse by using a lifting rope.
Back-shadow technique
The tomato fruit is rich in vitamin A, C, B1, B2, carotene, trace elements and other nutrients, and has special flavor. Can be eaten raw or boiled, and processed into tomato sauce, juice or whole fruit can. Tomatoes are one of the most popular and favorite fruits and vegetables to be cultivated worldwide. China is a main production country, is generally planted in various regions, and is cultivated in large-area greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and other protected areas. Tomatoes are herbaceous plants of the solanaceae family, including limited-growth type, semi-limited-growth type and unlimited-growth type. Can grow for many years under proper conditions. The stem is semi-erect or semi-sprawl and is easy to fall down. The tomatoes cultivated in agricultural production are all sprawly, the stems and tendrils are soft and have no climbing property, and the tomatoes are required to droop to a certain extent when growing, so that the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the tomato field are improved through artificial lifting rope cultivation, the field management operation is facilitated, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented, the top end advantages of the tomatoes are maintained through reasonable lifting rope cultivation, the occurrence of side branches is slowed down, the yield and the commodity quality of the tomatoes are improved, and the normal growth of plants is influenced due to the poor ventilation and light transmission conditions in a tomato shed room caused by the traditional lifting rope method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems related to poor ventilation and light transmission conditions of a tomato shed room caused by easy lodging of tomatoes cultivated in agricultural production, the invention provides a plant vine binding adjustment technology for infinite growth type tomato lifting rope cultivation, which is not only beneficial to management operation in the shed room and prevention of plant diseases and insect pests, but also capable of keeping the top advantages of tomatoes, slowing down the occurrence of side branches and also beneficial to improvement of the yield and commodity quality of the tomatoes.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for culturing the growing tomato by hanging ropes features that the hooks and stem clamps of fruit cluster and the technique of pruning, thinning leaves and applying marsh liquid fertilizer are used to grow the tomato in high yield and high quality.
The lifting rope cultivation management technology is different according to different nutritional requirements of each growth period, and the content is as follows:
(1) and (3) a field planting growth period: after the tomatoes are transplanted to survive with a fixed value, the tomato planting line enters a growing period, a steel wire is pulled at the upper end of greenhouse stand columns at two ends of the tomato planting line, which is 200-250 cm away from the ground, a self-made rope nail is used for fixing a nylon rope at the position, which is parallel to the right upper side of the ridge surface, of the two ends of the planting line, then a nylon rope is pulled for each tomato plant to be used as a vine hanger, the upper end of the rope hanger is fixed on the steel wire of the rope hanger during vine hanging, the lower end of the rope hanger is fixed on the parallel nylon rope at the bottom, the vine hanger is used for each tomato infinite growth type, and then the tomato stem vine is.
(2) Beginning flower and fruit setting period: winding the stem nodes of the first panicle and the third panicle by using a plastic rope when the first panicle begins to bear fruits; applying biogas liquid fertilizer when the third panicle blossoms; pruning with a single trunk, namely, thinning out lateral branches of the first ear flower to the third ear flower, and thinning out old leaves and diseased leaves; when the fruits are formed, the fruits with good appearance and growth vigor are kept, the malformed fruits and the fruits with poor growth vigor are removed, and the specific lifting rope cultivation condition is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 hanging rope cultivation method in first flower and fruit setting period
(3) Fruit expansion period: the fruit of the first ear of flowers begins to swell, and the stalk node of the fifth ear of flowers is wound by a plastic rope; applying biogas liquid fertilizer when the fifth spike blooms; removing lateral branches of the four panicles and the five panicles, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; when the fruits of the fourth and fifth panicles are formed, the fruits with better appearance and growth vigor are kept, and the deformed fruits and the fruits with poor growth vigor of the fourth and fifth panicles are removed; hanging fruit ear hooks on the first to fourth ears, wherein the fruit ear hooks are 12cm long, 3 hanging rope hooks are arranged on the fruit ear hooks on the upper surface, the fruit ear hooks on the lower hook are arranged, and then the hooks for hanging the hanging ropes on the fruit ear clamps are selected according to the actual distance between the hanging ropes and the fruit ears; the first ear and the second ear are clamped by a stem clamp, a bending arc with 10-15 degrees is selected, and 5 clamps are arranged below the first ear and the second ear to clamp the stem clamp of the ear. The specific cultivation of the lifting rope is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 lifting rope cultivation method in fruit expansion period
(4) Fruit mature period: winding the stem node of the seventh panicle by a plastic rope after the first panicle is green and ripe (the fruit does not grow any more and the fruit top is changed from green to white); applying biogas liquid fertilizer when the seventh panicle blossoms; removing lateral branches of the seven spike and the eight spike, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; pinching when the eighth spike blossoms; when the fruits with the seven and eight panicles are shaped, the fruits with better appearance and growth vigor are kept, and deformed fruits and fruits with poor growth vigor are thinned; hanging fruit ear hooks from the fourth to the eighth ears, wherein the fruit ear hooks are 12cm long, 3 hanging rope hooks are arranged on the fruit ear hooks, the fruit ear hooks of the lower hook are arranged, and then the hooks for hanging the hanging ropes on the fruit ear clamps are selected according to the actual distance between the hanging ropes and the fruit ears; and (3) clamping fruit stem clamps on the third to fifth ears, hanging and clamping the fruit stem clamps when fruits of the sixth to eighth ears begin to expand, selecting a bending arc with 10-15 degrees, and clamping the fruit stem clamps of the ears by 5 clamps below. When the seventh ear blossoms, the fruit of the first ear can be harvested, then the following fruits are harvested in time, and the old leaves under the ears are correspondingly thinned after harvesting.
The specific cultivation of the lifting rope is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 lifting rope cultivation method in fruit mature period
Furthermore, the self-made rope nail in the planting growth period is 28cm long, the upper end of the self-made rope nail is a small steel ring, the lower end of the self-made rope nail is a sharp nail and can be nailed into the soil, and the diameter of the nylon rope is 0.1-0.3 cm.
The ear hooks for the first flowering and fruit setting period, the fruit expanding period and the fruit ripening period are 12cm long, 3 hanging rope hooks are arranged on the ear hooks, 1 hook is arranged on the ear hooks, and the hanging rope hooks with proper distances are selected according to the distances between the ears and the hanging ropes; the stems are clamped with a bending arc of 10-15 degrees, and 5 pliers are arranged below the stems and can clamp the ears.
Furthermore, when the seventh ear of grain blooms at the mature period of the fruit, the fruit of the first ear of grain can be harvested, then the following fruits are harvested in time, and the old leaves under the fruit cluster are correspondingly thinned after harvesting.
The lifting rope is an anti-aging high-density polyethylene rope with the diameter of 0.1-0.3 cm.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method for cultivating unlimited growth type tomatoes by lifting ropes in a greenhouse, which aims at the defects that the shading surface of the unlimited growth type tomatoes in the greenhouse is large in the building cultivation of the greenhouse, the normal development of plants is influenced by the traditional lifting rope method and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example (b): the cultivation of Qian Yuan No. 15 tomato with a rope is used as an example for explanation.
The Qian Yuan No. 15 tomato plant is vining, is of unlimited growth type, has bright red fruit color, large fruit, early-medium maturity, good quality, moderate sour and sweet taste, uncooked and cooked food, high yield and strong disease and stress resistance. The lifting rope cultivation management technology is different according to different nutritional requirements of each growth period, and the content is as follows:
(1) after the tomato plant No. 15 in the Qian garden survives after being planted, a steel wire is pulled at the upper end of a greenhouse upright column at two ends of a tomato planting row 200-250 cm away from the ground, a self-made rope nail (28 cm long, a small steel ring at the upper end and a sharp nail at the lower end which can be nailed into the soil) is used for fixing a nylon rope at the position of the two ends of the planting row parallel to the upper side of a ridge surface, then a lifting rope is pulled for each tomato plant to be used as a vine, the upper end of the lifting rope is fixed on the lifting rope steel wire during vine lifting, the lower end of the lifting rope is fixed on the parallel nylon rope at the bottom, each infinitely growing tomato plant is lifted by a lifting rope (an anti-aging high-density polyethylene rope is adopted), and then the tomato vine is directly coiled on the.
(2) Beginning flower and fruit setting period: winding the stem nodes of the first panicle and the third panicle by using a plastic rope when the first panicle begins to bear fruits; applying biogas liquid fertilizer (the biogas liquid fertilizer is biogas liquid obtained by hermetically fermenting sheep manure and sheep urine for two years, and the biogas liquid is clear water = 1: 1.5) when the third panicle blossoms; pruning with a single trunk, namely, thinning out lateral branches of the first ear flower to the third ear flower, and thinning out old leaves and diseased leaves; when the fruits are formed, the fruits with good appearance and growth vigor are kept, the malformed fruits and the fruits with poor growth vigor are removed, and the specific lifting rope cultivation condition is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 hanging rope cultivation method in first flower and fruit setting period
(3) Fruit expansion period: the fruit of the first ear of flowers begins to swell, and the stalk node of the fifth ear of flowers is wound by a plastic rope; and applying biogas liquid fertilizer (biogas liquid: clear water = 1: 2) when the fifth panicle blossoms; removing lateral branches of the four panicles and the five panicles, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; when the fruits of the fourth and fifth panicles are formed, the fruits with better appearance and growth vigor are kept, and the deformed fruits and the fruits with poor growth vigor of the fourth and fifth panicles are removed; hanging fruit ear hooks on the first to fourth ears, wherein the fruit ear hooks are 12cm long, 3 hanging rope hooks are arranged on the fruit ear hooks, the fruit ear hooks of the lower hook are arranged, and then the hanging rope hooks for hanging the hanging ropes on the fruit ear clamps are selected according to the actual distance between the hanging ropes and the fruit ears; the first ear and the second ear are clamped by a stem clamp, a bending arc with 10-15 degrees is selected, and 5 clamps are arranged below the first ear and the second ear to clamp the stem clamp of the ear. The specific lifting rope cultivation conditions are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 lifting rope cultivation method in fruit expansion period
(4) Fruit mature period: winding the stem node of the seventh panicle by a plastic rope after the first panicle is green and ripe (the fruit does not grow any more and the fruit top is changed from green to white); and applying biogas liquid fertilizer (biogas liquid: clear water = 1: 1.5) when the seventh panicle blossoms; removing lateral branches of the seven spike and the eight spike, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; pinching when the eighth spike blossoms; when the fruits with the seven and eight panicles are shaped, the fruits with better appearance and growth vigor are kept, and deformed fruits and fruits with poor growth vigor are thinned; hanging fruit ear hooks from the fourth to the eighth ears, wherein the fruit ear hooks are 12cm long, 3 hanging rope hooks are arranged on the fruit ear hooks, the fruit ear hooks of the lower hook are arranged, and then the hooks for hanging the hanging ropes on the fruit ear clamps are selected according to the actual distance between the hanging ropes and the fruit ears; and (3) clamping fruit stem clamps on the third to fifth ears, hanging and clamping the fruit stem clamps when fruits of the sixth to eighth ears begin to expand, selecting a bending arc with 10-15 degrees, and clamping the fruit stem clamps of the ears by 5 clamps below. When the seventh ear blossoms, the fruit of the first ear can be harvested, then the following fruits are harvested in time, and the old leaves under the ears are correspondingly thinned after harvesting.
The specific lifting rope cultivation conditions are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 lifting rope cultivation method in fruit mature period
The dosages of the biogas slurry fertilizers in the tables are the dosages of the biogas slurry fertilizers diluted according to corresponding requirements.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating unlimited growth type tomatoes by lifting ropes in a greenhouse is characterized in that the method adopts the lifting ropes for traction, and uses ear hooks and fruit stem clamps according to the biological characteristics of tomatoes and the growth characteristics of four periods of a fixed planting growth period, a flower-beginning fruit setting period, a fruit expansion period and a fruit mature period, and combines the technologies of pruning, leaf thinning and biogas manure application to achieve the purpose of high-yield and high-quality cultivation of the tomatoes, and the lifting rope cultivation management technology is different according to the nutritional requirements of each growth period, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) a field planting growth period: after the tomatoes are transplanted to survive with a fixed value, the tomato planting line enters a growing period, a steel wire is pulled at the upper end of greenhouse stand columns at two ends of the tomato planting line, which is 200-250 cm away from the ground, a self-made rope nail is used for fixing a nylon rope at the position, which is parallel to the right upper side of the ridge surface, of the two ends of the planting line, then a lifting rope is pulled for each tomato plant to be used as a vine, the upper end of the lifting rope is fixed on the steel wire of the lifting rope during vine lifting, the lower end of the lifting rope is fixed on the parallel nylon rope at the bottom, the vine is lifted by one lifting rope for each infinitely growing tomato plant, and then the tomato stem;
(2) beginning flower and fruit setting period: winding the stem nodes of the first ear flower and the third ear flower by using a hanging rope when the first ear flower begins to bear fruits; applying biogas liquid fertilizer when the third panicle blossoms; pruning with a single trunk, namely, thinning out lateral branches of the first ear flower to the third ear flower, and thinning out old leaves and diseased leaves; when the fruits are formed, the fruits with good appearance and growth vigor are kept, deformed fruits and fruits with poor growth vigor are thinned, and the specific lifting rope cultivation conditions are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 hanging rope cultivation method in first flower and fruit setting period
(3) Fruit expansion period: the fruits of the first panicle flower begin to swell, and a hanging rope is wound on the stem node of the fifth panicle flower; applying biogas liquid fertilizer when the fifth spike blooms; removing lateral branches of the four panicles and the five panicles, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; when the fruits of the fourth and fifth panicles are formed, the fruits with better appearance and growth vigor are kept, the deformed fruits and the fruits with poor growth vigor of the fourth and fifth panicles are removed, and the specific lifting rope cultivation condition is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 lifting rope cultivation method in fruit expansion period
(4) Fruit mature period: when the first ear flower is green and ripe, namely the fruit does not grow any more and the fruit top is changed from green to white, the stem node of the seventh ear flower is wound by a hanging rope; applying biogas liquid fertilizer when the seventh panicle blossoms; removing lateral branches of the seven spike and the eight spike, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; pinching when the eighth spike blossoms; when the fruits with the seven and eight panicles are shaped, the fruits with better appearance and growth vigor are kept, and deformed fruits and fruits with poor growth vigor are thinned; harvesting in time when the first panicle flower fruit is ripe; the specific lifting rope cultivation conditions are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 lifting rope cultivation method in fruit mature period
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self-made rope nail in the planting growth period is 28cm long, the upper end is a small steel ring, the lower end is a sharp nail, and the rope nail can be nailed into the soil, and the diameter of the nylon rope is 0.1-0.3 cm.
3. The method for cultivating unlimited growth type tomatoes with lifting ropes in a greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ear hooks for the first flowering and fruit setting period, the fruit expansion period and the fruit maturation period are 12cm long, 3 lifting rope hooks are arranged on the ear hooks, 1 hook is arranged on the lower ear hooks, and the lifting rope hooks with proper distance are selected according to the distance between the ears and the lifting ropes; the stems are clamped with a bending arc of 10-15 degrees, and 5 pliers are arranged below the stems and can clamp the ears.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting of the first ear of flower is started when the seventh ear of flower blooms at the mature period of the fruit, and then the following fruits are harvested in time, and the old leaves under the ears are removed.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lifting rope is made of high density polyethylene rope with anti-aging property and diameter of 0.1-0.3 cm.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103931374A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-07-23 | 大连绿晨果蔬专业合作社 | Protected cultivation method for XinGuang tomatoes |
| CN104429498A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Planting method of tomatoes |
| CN105519420A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-27 | 福建农林大学 | Cherry tomato soilless cultivation method |
| CN106386439A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-02-15 | 贵州大学 | Method for producing tomatoes by a mist spraying method |
| CN106688588A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-24 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Greenhouse cherry and tomato double-end cultivation method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103931374A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-07-23 | 大连绿晨果蔬专业合作社 | Protected cultivation method for XinGuang tomatoes |
| CN104429498A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-25 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Planting method of tomatoes |
| CN105519420A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-27 | 福建农林大学 | Cherry tomato soilless cultivation method |
| CN106386439A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-02-15 | 贵州大学 | Method for producing tomatoes by a mist spraying method |
| CN106688588A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-05-24 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Greenhouse cherry and tomato double-end cultivation method |
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