JP2013252086A - Method for manufacturing potted grape - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a potted grape, which can shorten the period of time before shipping and also achieve bearing the fruit of a grape.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing a potted grape includes an inducing step of inducing the distal end of a bough of a grape sapling planted in a flowerpot downward in the middle of the bough so that the height from the distal end to the highest part of the bough is 5 cm or more, wherein the grape sapling is a sapling grown from a scion, and in the guiding step, the bough has seven or more buds on the ground.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing potted grapes.

  There is a demand for potted fruit trees that can be easily grown even if you are not a farmer. Usually, grapes are cultivated by using a grape shelf in a local planting (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Recently, potted grapes are sold reflecting the demand for such potted fruit trees. .

JP 2009-11296 A JP 2008-173053 A

  Conventional potted grapes have been manufactured by making a tree from vines that have grown to some extent and growing the tree by potting. Take-tree is a breeding method in which a new rooted strain is obtained by rooting from the middle of the stem and cutting the stem at the rooted portion. Since it takes several years to grow to a vine that can be made of trees, it takes many years to grow from growing grapes for making trees to being shipped as potted grapes It becomes.

  On the other hand, there is a breeding method called cuttings in addition to taking trees. Cutting is a breeding method in which a part of the stem of the mother stock is cut and used as an ear, and the ear is inserted into a floor, and a new strain is obtained by forming buds and self-roots from the ear. In cuttings, stems from the second year can be used as cuttings as early as planting the mother stock, so from the cultivation of the mother stock grapes for cuttings to the growth of the potted grapes of the child stock, as much as the cuttings Does not take a long time. However, the potted grapes grown from the cuttings had the problem that the fruits of the grapes did not bear fruit even after 2 years had passed since the cuttings were cut. In other words, a longer period than two years from cuttings of cuttings was necessary to make a potted plant that would produce grapes so that consumers would be satisfied.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the manufacturing method of the potted grape in which the period until it can be shipped is short and the fruit of a grape bears fruit in the 2nd year from cuttings.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a main branch of a main branch of a grape sapling planted in a flower pot so that the height from the tip to the highest part of the main branch is 5 cm or more. A method of producing potted grapes, wherein the grape seedlings are seedlings grown from cuttings, and the main branches have seven or more shoots on the ground during the attraction step.

  In the production method of the present invention, by including the above-mentioned attracting step, grape fruits are born in the second year from the cuttings of cuttings, unlike potted grapes manufactured from conventional cuttings. Furthermore, in the present invention, since seedlings for producing potted grapes are grown from the cuttings, it does not take many years to create seedlings like cutting trees. That is, it is possible to shorten the period until the potted plants can be shipped, and it is possible to produce potted grapes that bear fruit in the second year after cutting.

  In the production method of the present invention, the main branch preferably has 7 to 9 shoots on the ground during the attraction step. By attracting at such a size, the growth of the seedling can be maintained well. Moreover, when the main branch has 10 or more buds before the attraction step, the cuttings for the next year can be created from the pruned tip by pruning leaving 7-9 shoots.

  The production method of the present invention preferably has an cutting step for inserting cuttings having three shoots into the soil so that two buds enter the ground and one bud comes out on the ground. The cuttings are rooted from the shoots in the ground, so that two shoots enter the ground and one shoot comes out to the ground. Furthermore, nutrients necessary for the growth of plant bodies on the ground can be taken in sufficiently, and the balance between the size of the above-ground part and the underground part at the time of germination and rooting and the balance of nutrition supply and demand are good.

  In the production method of the present invention, the flower pot is preferably a No. 6 pot or a No. 7 pot. This is because the plant body is less likely to grow below the No. 5 pot and is too heavy for the No. 8 pot and above to be suitable for selling potted grapes.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the time until it can ship a potted plant can be shortened, and the manufacturing method of the potted grape which a fruit of a grape bears fruit in the 2nd year from cutting can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the attracting step of the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the appearance of potted grapes (a) cultivated by the method of the present invention and potted grapes (b) and (c) cultivated by the conventional method.

  In the method for producing potted grapes of the present invention, grape fruits are born in the second year after cutting. Hereinafter, a suitable embodiment of the manufacturing method of the potted grape of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

<First year>
[Cutting step]
In this embodiment, the seedling of the grape cultivated as a pot plant is inserted and grown from the ear.
1. Make a cutting floor Create a cutting floor for cutting. Put the soil in the box for the floor and plow it. A flat pot, a seedling box, etc. can be used as the box for cuttings, regardless of the material. The size of the box is not particularly limited, but a box having a height of 15 to 20 cm can be used. As the soil, for example, field soil, Kanuma soil, Akadama soil, vermiculite, sand and the like can be used. Further, a rock wool block or the like may be inserted as a floor and cut into the floor.

2. Making cuttings Take branches for cuttings from the branches of grape seedlings (mother stock) grown for one year, and wrap them in wet newspaper until the cuttings are made. The branch to be collected is preferably a solid branch having a diameter of 5 to 10 mm (a branch extending shortly between buds (nodes) and buds (nodes) and extending zigzag). The time of collection is from mid-January to late. Before cuttings, the branches are cut so as to have 3 buds (nodes), and cuttings are made.

3. Cuttings Cut trees in mid-February. In cuttings, cuttings having three shoots are inserted into the soil so that two shoots enter the ground and one bud comes out on the ground. The cuttings in which two buds enter the ground and one bud emerges on the ground support the plant on the ground with the roots rooted from the two underground shoots, and provide nutrients necessary for the growth of the plant on the ground. It can be taken in sufficiently, and the balance of size and nutritional balance between the above-ground part and the underground part at the time of germination and rooting is good. The cuttings are about 15-20 cm between the stocks, and a single line is inserted. After cutting, it is preferable to sufficiently water and spread the soil to prevent the soil from drying.

[Plant growth and care]
4). Germination and germination Around the beginning of April, the cuttings germinate and germinate into seedlings.

5. Elongation of new treetops In order to secure the ears that bear fruit in the second year, the growth of seedlings is promoted from June to July. In order to encourage growth, appropriate amount of watering and fertilization is performed. The irrigation may be performed every day or collectively every several days. However, be careful not to dry the seedlings.

6). Control of pests In particular, pests such as butterflies and moths are controlled so that the leaves are not damaged. For pest control, the pest can be directly removed from the plant body or an agrochemical such as an insecticide can be used.

7). Tipping At the time when the number of leaves of the seedlings reached 12 to 13 (around the end of August), the main branches are tipped. By performing pinching, it becomes easy to spread the nutrients throughout the seedlings, and good growth can be achieved.

8). Eliminating tendrils Eliminate tendrils from seedling branches as they grow. Diseases can be prevented by removing tendrils.

9. Attracting the main branch As the plant grows, the main branch of the seedling is pulled upward in the vertical direction along the pillars. It is preferable to fix the main branch to the column using a binding means such as a string.

10. Fallen leaves Around November, the leaves of the seedlings turn yellow and fall.

<Second year>
[Fixed planting]
11. Fixed planting In the first week of December to February, potted plants (fixed planting) are carried out in which seedlings are inserted and planted from the floor to plant pots. At the time of planting, the seedlings have grown to the extent that the main branch has 10 or more shoots. The seedling is preferably grown to such an extent that the main branch has 12 or more shoots. This is because, at the time of pruning the main branch, which will be described later, the tip of the pruned main branch can be used as a branch for cutting the next year.
As a flower pot for planting seedlings, a pot No. 6 or a pot No. 7 is preferable. This is because the plant body is difficult to grow below the No. 5 pot, and even if the fruit is fruited, it may be small or tasteless and unfit for consumption, and the No. 8 pot or more is heavy and not suitable for selling potted grapes. .
As the potting soil, for example, mixed soil having a 3: 1 ratio of field soil to humus can be used.

12 Pruning At the same time as planting, the main branch is pruned so that the main branch has 7-9 shoots on the ground. The pruned branches can be used as branches for making cuttings for the next year. Preferably, the main branch is pruned so that it has 8-9 buds on the ground. Moreover, after pruning, it is good to prune so that the full length of the main branch which has come out on the ground will be about 50-60 cm.

[Attraction step]
13. Attraction of the main branch The method for producing a potted grape of the present invention includes an attraction step for attracting the main branch downward. The attraction step will be described with reference to FIG. In the attraction step, the tip 1a of the main branch 1 of the vine seedling is attracted downward from the middle of the main branch 1 so that the height from the tip 1a to the highest portion 1b of the main branch 1 is 5 cm or more. To do. If the height from the tip 1a of the main branch 1 to the highest portion 1b of the main branch 1 is 5 cm or more, a part of the main branch 1 may be attracted in a substantially horizontal direction. In attracting the main branch 1, a plurality of, preferably 3 to 6 columns 3 are arranged along the edge of the flower pot 4, and the height from the tip 1 a to the highest portion 1 b is 5 cm or more. In this way, the main branch 1 with the tip portion 1a attracted downward is fixed to the column 3 using a binding means 6 such as a string. By attracting the main branch 1 downward in this way, even if it is a potted plant grown from the cuttings, grape fruits will bear fruit in the second year from the cuttings. The reason for the rapid fruiting of the grape fruit is not clear, but is presumed as follows. By attracting the tip 1a of the main branch 1 downward, the tip 1a is not the highest part of the seedling, and the nutrients that normally concentrate on the tip 1a of the main branch 1 due to the top bud dominance It becomes easy throughout. Due to the nutrition, the sprout 2 sprouted from the main branch 1 germinates and grows easily. That is, a vine becomes easy to extend. The grown sprouts 2 become branches as a result, and spikes are produced and the fruit of the grapes is fruited.

  On the other hand, when the height from the front end 1a of the main branch 1 to the highest portion 1b of the main branch 1 is less than 5 cm, among the sprouts sprouted from the main branch 1, the number of sprouts with good growth and extension of the vine is The number of shoots that are vine but not growing due to poor growth increases. A sprout that does not grow a vine cannot become a branch as a result of attaching a flower spike. Therefore, when the height from the tip portion 1a of the main branch 1 to the highest portion 1b of the main branch 1 is smaller than 5 cm, the number of shoots on which the vine extends is smaller than the case where the height is 5 cm or more. The probability that a potted grape has a sprout that becomes a branch as a result of attaching a flower spike, that is, the probability that a grape fruit is cut into the potted grape and fruited in the second year from the tree is lowered.

The height from the front-end | tip part 1a of the main branch 1 to the highest part 1b should just be 5 cm or more.
The height of the highest portion 1b of the main branch 1 from the ground is preferably about 10 to 12 cm, and the height of the tip 1a of the main branch 1 from the ground is about 5 to 6 cm. preferable.
Moreover, it is preferable that the height from the front-end | tip part 1a of the main branch 1 to the highest part 1b is set to about 1/5 of the height from the ground of the highest part 1b. In this way, by adjusting the degree of attracting downward, it is possible to secure shoots that are more likely to produce fruit.

  In addition, the highest part 1b is a part which grows most easily among seedlings. Moreover, it is possible to change the position of the part 1b in the middle of cultivation of a seedling, and it is possible to adjust the growth of a seedling by this. For example, if there is a sprout with a flower spike but a weak growth, the growth of the sprout is promoted by setting the sprout at the position of the highest portion 1b so that a better grape fruit will be fruited. Can be adjusted.

  In the attraction step, it is preferable that the main branch 1 is made to make one turn above the flower pot 4 using a plurality of support columns 3. When the flower pot 4 is a No. 6 pot, the circumference is about 55 cm.

[Plant growth and care]
14 Watering Daily watering with a small amount of water from March to make the germination from the main branch uniform.

15. Germination and germination In early April, new buds germinate and then germinate. According to the method of the present invention, the number of sprout that grows and the vine extends can be 5 or more. When there are five or more shoots that grow and the vine grows, there is almost certainly one or more shoots that form branches as a result of the formation of flower spikes, and grape fruit can be set in the second year after cutting.

16. Sprout When 5 to 6 true leaves are left, 2-3 buds with flower spikes with good growth are left and thinned. Thinning is performed by pruning the shoots from the main branches (sprouting). About the remaining 2 to 3 buds, the buds extend to become sub-main branches. The sub-main branch is attracted substantially vertically upward along the pillars and the like.

17. Tufting Since the main branches have flower spikes and bloom around mid-May, the tufting is done just before flowering. The number of fruit berries can be adjusted by pruning excess ovaries and leaving only some of them. How much ovary is left can be determined appropriately depending on the grape varieties. When the grape cultivar to be cultivated is Pione, just before flowering, the tip of the bunches and the bunches at the base of the spikes are pruned so that the length of the bunches with the ovary is 7-8 cm.

18. Pollination and fertilization Grapes are self-pollinating plants, but they may fall as they are without pollination and fertilization. In order to promote pollination and fertilization, it is preferable to cultivate in a place where the temperature is as high as possible without being exposed to rain, and to make it fully bloom. During full bloom, it is preferable to cultivate at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C.

19. Fertilization As soon as the flowering is over, about 100 g of organic compound fertilizer containing the same amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium is applied per potted plant.

20. Grape harvesting When the grape variety to be cultivated is Pione, when the fruit size grows to about 1 cm, it is granulated well in about 30 grains. During this period, the fruit suddenly grows, so the flower pot should be sufficiently watered. Be careful not to let water hit the fruit when irrigating.
In addition, since it is a time when gray mold disease is likely to occur from the time of tufting to the end of grain collection, be careful not to let rainwater or brackish water get on flower spikes and fruits.

21. Control of pests Fruits are enlarged further from the middle of June. Since pests (Srips) are generated, it is preferable to control by pesticides or by spraying water with a spray.

22. Ripeness The fruit ripens around mid-August. When the grape cultivar to be cultivated is Pione, the size of the fruit is preferably about 30 grams and about 500 g. In order to make this size, it is necessary that there are about 12 to 15 leaves on the branch with tufts at the time when the graining is finished. When the number of leaves is 12 or more per new tree, two bunches may be allowed to settle per potted plant. In addition, if the flower pot is enlarged, it can be cultivated after the next year after planting.

  The potted grapes cultivated according to the present invention can produce grape fruits in the second year from cuttings as described above. In the method of the present invention, it may be shipped at any time after the attraction of the main branch, for example, it may be shipped at the stage before making the bunches, or it may be shipped when the fruit grows to some extent. Good.

  The appearance of the potted grapes produced by the method of the present invention is different from that of the potted grapes produced by a conventional harvesting tree. A diagram of potted grapes produced by the method of the present invention is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), in the potted grapes produced by the method of the present invention, grape fruits 22 are not formed on the attracted main branch 1, but the sub-main branches extending vertically upward from the main branch 1. Grapefruit 22 is formed from 21. On the other hand, the figure of the potted grape manufactured from the taking tree is shown to FIG.2 (b) and (c). As shown in FIGS. 2 (b) and 2 (c), in a potted grape manufactured from a conventional take-off tree, a grape fruit 22 is formed from the attracted main branch 1. Therefore, when potted grapes are fruiting, it can be determined from their appearance whether they are cultivated by the method of the present invention.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made.

  For example, the method of the present invention may include an attraction step for attracting the main branch in a specific direction, and other steps are not necessarily required. For example, in the method of the present invention, the cutting step is not essential, and the cuttings may be commercially available cuttings that have been previously inserted on the floor.

  In this embodiment, the main branch is pruned so that the plant body has 7 to 9 buds on the ground at the time of planting, but pruning is not always necessary, and even if the main branch is attracted as it is without pruning. Good.

In addition, the timing of each step varies depending on the climate of the region where grapes are grown, and can be adjusted as appropriate. In addition, this embodiment is an example at the time of growing in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture.
In the method of the present invention, potted grapes can be produced throughout the year without being limited to seasons at plant factories and the like. In this case, it is preferable to use a germinating agent.

Example 1
Potted grapes were produced by the following method.
A seedling of grape (variety: Pione) was grown from the cuttings on the cutting floor. A branch is collected from a mother plant that has been cultivated for one year, and cuttings with a size of about 3 pencils are made. Then, 2 shoots in the basement and 1 shoot on the ground are inserted on the floor, and cuttings are made. It was. After budding and germination, watering and fertilization were performed as appropriate while paying attention to drying, and pests were controlled. When the main branch had about 12 to 13 leaves, pinching was performed. The tendril was removed and the main branch was attracted vertically upward. After the plant body had fallen yellow leaves and leaves, it was planted in No. 6 pot. When planted, the plant had 12 shoots on the ground, so it was pruned leaving 8 shoots. After fixed planting, the main branch was attracted downward from the middle so that the height difference between the highest part of the main branch and the tip of the main branch was 5 cm while being fixed to the pillars standing along the flower pot. . When the cultivation was continued after the invitation, 6 shoots sprouted from the attracted main branch. Six shoots sprouted and grew and extended the vine. Two buds with good growth that could form flower spikes were left, and four buds with poor growth were thinned out. The remaining two buds grew on their branches, and in the second year after cutting, two grape fruits were fruited. The fruited fruits were sweet and edible.

(Comparative Example 1)
The plant was cultivated by the same method as in Example 1 until the main branch was attracted after planting. The main branch was attracted in the horizontal direction from the middle while the tip of the main branch was the highest. That is, the difference in height between the highest part of the main branch and the tip of the main branch is 0 cm. When the cultivation was continued after the invitation, 6 shoots sprouted from the attracted main branch. Six shoots sprouted, but the growth was significantly worse. One bud grew and stretched the vine, but the remaining 5 buds did not stretch the vine. No flower spike was formed on one bud with the vine extended. As a result, grapefruit did not bear fruit in the second year after cutting.

(Comparative Example 2)
The plant was cultivated by the same method as in Example 1 until the main branch was attracted after planting. After planting, the main branch is attracted downward from the middle so that the difference in height between the highest part of the main branch and the tip of the main branch is 3 cm while being fixed to a pillar that has been set up along the pot. And continued cultivation. As a result, 6 shoots sprouted from the attracted main branch. Six sprouts sprouted, but the growth was worse than Example 1. Three shoots grew and extended the vine, but the remaining three buds did not extend the vine. No flower spikes were formed on the 3 buds that extended the vine. As a result, grapefruit did not bear fruit in the second year after cutting.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main branch, 1a ... The tip part of the main branch, 1b ... The highest part of the main branch, 2 ... Sprout, 3 ... Post, 4 ... Flower pot, 5 ... Ground, 6 ... Binding means, 21 ... Sub-main branch, 22 ... Fruit.

Claims (4)

Including an attraction step for attracting the tip of the main branch of the grape sapling planted in the flowerpot downward from the middle of the main branch so that the height from the tip to the highest part of the main branch is 5 cm or more. ,
The grape seedlings are seedlings grown from cuttings,
In the attraction step, the main branch has seven or more shoots on the ground,
A method for producing potted grapes.   The method for producing potted grapes according to claim 1, wherein the main branch has 7 to 9 shoots on the ground during the attraction step.   The method for producing potted grapes according to claim 1, further comprising an cutting step for inserting the cuttings having three shoots into the soil so that two buds enter the ground and one bud comes out to the ground.   The said plant pot is a manufacturing method of the potted grape as described in any one of Claims 1-3 which is a No. 6 pot or a No. 7 pot.

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