CN109197314B

CN109197314B - Method for constructing and maintaining scion orchard of dalbergia odorifera

Info

Publication number: CN109197314B
Application number: CN201810862994.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴培衍; 张金文; 王维辉; 吴艺东; 张荣标; 卢敏勇; 何木林; 王添山; 张木清
Original assignee: Zhangzhou Forestry Science And Technology Promotion Station; Zhangzhou Pinghe Lyucheng Flowers Nursery Stock Base; Fujian Longhai Linxia State-Owned Forest Farm
Current assignee: Zhangzhou Forestry Science And Technology Promotion Station; Zhangzhou Pinghe Lyucheng Flowers Nursery Stock Base; Fujian Longhai Linxia State-Owned Forest Farm
Priority date: 2018-08-01
Filing date: 2018-08-01
Publication date: 2020-08-28
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-01
Also published as: CN109197314A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing and protecting a scion garden of dalbergia odorifera, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: (1) seed collection; (2) sowing; (3) managing a seedbed; (4) cultivating bagged seedlings; (5) preparing soil and making a bed; (6) selecting seedlings and planting; (7) managing in the first year; (8) management in the second year and later; (9) the ear stock plants were subjected to rejuvenation treatment in the second and subsequent management described above. The construction and young keeping method is simple and easy to implement, can realize the construction of the yellow wingceltis herb cutting orchard, can effectively keep young for the ear-picking stock plant, and provides a large amount of high-quality ear strips for the propagation of cutting seedlings.

Description

Method for constructing and maintaining scion orchard of dalbergia odorifera

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for constructing and maintaining a scion garden of dalbergia odorifera.

Background

Dalbergia odorifera, Latin school name: dalbergia cochinchinensis is a plant of Dalbergia of Leguminosae, has rare and precious wood, is used for manufacturing high-grade furniture and the like, and has the advantages of complete import of wood required by China and gradually increased market demand. The origin place is south-east Asia countries such as Thailand, China has no natural distributed species, the seeds for raising seedlings in China at present all depend on import, on one hand, the santalum album is a tree species controlled by appendix II in the International trade convention for endangered wild animal and plant species (CITES convention for short), the difficulty of importing the seeds is high, on the other hand, the seeds directly imported do not pass through the seed source test and are selected again, and the afforestation risk exists. In recent years, a large number of seed sources (families) of yellow sandalwood are introduced from countries such as Thailand to carry out afforestation tests by cooperation of a forest department in Zhangzhou city and a forestry scientific research institute, so that a happy result is obtained, and favorable conditions are provided for excellent clone breeding in future. Currently, the method is vigorously developed for the afforestation of the yellow sandalwood, and has important significance for national economic construction of China.

Clonal afforestation has a higher genetic gain than sexual reproduction. The excellent clone afforestation is bred, and the growth amount can be increased by more than 1 time. The practice of clone afforestation of eucalyptus, poplar and fir at home and abroad proves that the volume growth of annual volume reaches 64m, for example, the Brazilian eucalyptus clone artificial forest³/hm²(ii) a The clonal artificial afforestation of the eucalyptus in the peaceful Tianma and Yangxi nationality forest lands can reach the annual volume growth of 30m³/hm²The above. Clonal forestry is a development trend of future afforestation.

In order to accelerate the afforestation pace of the yellow sandalwood, excellent clone nursery stocks are used for afforestation in the fastest time, excellent plants are selected from the existing test forest stand of the yellow sandalwood seed source in China, the seeds are harvested and grown, super-grade seedlings are selected from the nursery stocks and planted in a cutting garden, clone nursery stocks are propagated, the afforestation and the elimination are carried out simultaneously, the selection is carried out finally, the excellent clone stocks are selected to establish the cutting garden, and a large number of excellent clone nursery stocks are propagated to be applied to the afforestation in the production. The construction technology of the yellow wingceltis cion cutting orchard is reported at the end of China and belongs to the technical blank. Therefore, the research on the construction technology of the yellow sandalwood cutting orchard has great necessity and sense of urgency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for constructing and protecting a scion orchard of dalbergia odorifera.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for constructing and maintaining a scion garden of Dalbergia odorifera comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection: selecting 10 seed-collecting mother trees, collecting seeds in 10 months at the temperature of 18-32 ℃, drying the obtained seeds in the sun, and storing the seeds at normal temperature after removing the seeds completely;

(2) sowing: firstly, drying and removing clean seeds from the step (1), washing the seeds in cold water, then soaking the seeds in warm water at the temperature of 44-46 ℃ for 24 hours, taking the seeds out of the water the next day, after naturally drying the seeds, uniformly sowing the seeds in the soil disinfected by potassium permanganate the previous day, covering fine sand and glue, then building an arch shed and covering a plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation to promote the germination of the seeds;

(3) seedbed management: keeping the surface of the bed wet after sowing, spraying 800-1100 times of a daphniphyllum fungicide after germination, and then spraying 800-1100 times of daphniphyllum fungicide or 3500-4200 times of a Aimiao fungicide every 8-12 days;

(4) bag seedling cultivation: after 3 true leaves grow out from the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into plastic bags with the specification of 7-9 x 10-12 cm for cultivation, performing weeding, fertilizing and pest control at ordinary times, cultivating the seedlings to 5 months in the next year at the air temperature of 20-33 ℃ until the average seedling height can reach more than 25cm, and obtaining seedlings, namely planting and picking up the spike garden;

(5) preparing soil and making a bed: selecting dry land or paddy field with sufficient sunlight and without water accumulation near water source as cutting nursery land, deep ploughing during soil preparation, cleaning weed roots, applying enough base fertilizer, preparing the soil into seedbeds, and forming drainage ditches around the nursery lands to prevent water accumulation in rainy days and prevent roots of nursery stocks from rotting;

(6) selecting seedlings and planting: at the beginning of 5 months, at the air temperature of 20-28 ℃, selecting super seedlings from the seedlings obtained in the step (4) according to the standard of selecting the super seedlings, planting the super seedlings of the dalbergia odorifera in a field planting mode according to the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 0.4 multiplied by 0.5m, planting 3 plants in each row, planting 2300 plants in the seedbed of the step (5) in a field in each mu of convention, selecting the seedlings with excellent phenotype through multiple selections to establish a cutting nursery, and expecting to breed the cutting seedlings with high genetic gain;

(7) managing in the first year: beginning to sprout after 20 days of field planting in the step (6), wherein the average height of new shoots capable of sprouting is more than 45cm in 48-52 days, selecting and reserving sprouting branches at the moment, selecting and reserving 2-3 sprouting branches with the same size for each stock plant, reserving 1 sprouting standby branch at the position closest to the ground rhizosphere for pruning piles in future to serve as nutrient branches, pruning the rest sprouting branches, and picking and eliminating sprouts every half month to ensure that the sprouting branches selected and reserved by concentrated nutrient supply grow; during the period, proper pest control operation is carried out;

(8) management in the second year and later: selecting 4-5 germinated branches with the same size from each scion-picking stock plant, leaving 1 germinated standby nutrient branch closest to the ground rhizosphere, cutting off the rest germinated branches, and then frequently wiping off buds to remove buds so as to promote the growth of the selected germinated branches; after cutting the cutting slips by the scion stock plant, the remaining cutting pile needs to be subjected to reduction treatment in time so as to overcome the maturation effect and be beneficial to cultivating the next generation of sprout strips to produce scion strips;

(9) and (3) performing rejuvenation treatment on the scion stock plants in the management of the second year and later: the method comprises the following steps:

A. the young keeping treatment method for the scion stock plant from the second year to the fourth year comprises the following steps: when cutting branches are cut, 1 sprout standby nutrient branch is left at the position closest to the ground rhizosphere without cutting, all other branches are cut, the ground diameter can be utilized as required by cutting slips, weak small branches are discarded, in the 5 th month later, the air temperature is 20-33 ℃, cutting piles of the cut branches are cut again and are cut to be less than 5cm, sprout standby nutrient branches are continuously reserved, soil is kept moist, weeds are removed, plant death after the cutting piles are cut to be low is prevented, sprout branches are selected and left until the height of the sprout branches is more than 50cm, and the remaining sprout standby nutrient branches are cut off.

B. The young keeping treatment method for the scion stock plant in the fifth year comprises the following steps: although the scion orchard of the pteroceltis rhabdarioides can keep the young state of the scion stock plant by reducing the cutting pile, the scion stock plant is easy to have poor sprouting capability and dead plant phenomena after years of pruning. Therefore, the young plant is maintained by updating the stock plant of the scion from the planting of the scion to the fifth year. Comprises the following steps:

a. promoting germination of root systems and planting: in a cutting garden, cutting branches of a cutting stock plant to be updated, digging soil to expose roots, cutting the roots at the root of a cutting pile, cutting a plurality of roots of the cutting pile, removing the cutting pile to expose the roots left in the soil to the soil surface for about 2cm (1.5-2.5 cm), watering thoroughly, keeping the soil moist at ordinary times, and removing weeds. After the root system is cut off in spring for 1 month, the root system sprouts, and 1 stump cuts off a plurality of plants which can sprout by a plurality of root systems, but not all root systems can sprout. When the height of the root system sprout strips is about 40cm (35-45 cm), selecting and reserving plant for the cluster sprout strips, wherein each cutting pile can reserve 2 root system sprout strips, and each root system selects and reserves 1-2 sprout strips. After selecting and reserving fixed plants from the bud strips, covering soil on the root systems exposed on the ground, and performing management work such as fertilization and weeding. The root-sprouting branches grow well to the end of 2 months in the next year (the temperature is 12-22 ℃), the average ground diameter of the cuttage branches can reach 1.3cm, the height of the cuttage branches can reach more than 1.8m, and the cuttage branches are good cuttage scions.

b. Planting the nursery stock of the propagation root system: and in the middle ten days of 3 months, digging the root system of the to-be-updated scion stock plant in the scion cutting garden to breed the nursery stock at the temperature of 12-23 ℃. And cutting the dug root system into cutting slips with the length of about 5cm (4-6 cm), and performing cutting after the ABT rooting powder is used for treatment. And (4) cultivating the pteroceltis tatarinowii branches according to a cutting seedling management method after cuttage. The height of the seedlings in root cutting propagation in the spring of the next year can reach more than 60cm, and the seedlings can be outplanted and renewed to be fixedly planted and harvested in the spike cutting garden. And the cutting orchard is updated once every five years of new planting.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multiple of potassium permanganate sterilized in the step (2) is 150 times.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the step (2) is covered with fine sand with the thickness of 1-2 cm.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), a planting hole is dug during planting, and 140-160 g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied to each hole.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), oblique planting is carried out during field planting, the trunk of the nursery stock is inclined to the ground at an angle of 60 degrees, and sufficient root fixing water is poured after field planting.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), after the field planting for 1 month, 30g of compound fertilizer is applied lightly and the total fertilizer application is performed for 2-3 times.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (6), the operation of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests selects 1000 times of the bactericide of daphnella verticillata, 1000-1500 times of Baitai, 4000-5000 times of Aimiao, 1500-2000 times of the insecticide of Hainan and 800-1000 times of acetamiprid, and the insecticide and the bactericide can be mixed for use and sprayed for 3-4 times.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the construction and young keeping method is simple and easy to implement, can realize the establishment of the scion cutting garden of the yellow wingceltis amethystoides, can effectively keep young for scion cutting stock plants, and provides a large amount of high-quality scion strips for the propagation of cutting seedlings.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated and described by the following detailed description.

Example 1

1 selection of best strains

The research institute of tropical forestry of Chinese forest academy of sciences introduces seed of Pterocarpus indicus seed from Thailand for growing seedlings, and plants about 70 mu of Pterocarpus indicus test forest in Baisheng garden in Guangdong Yangdong county in spring of 2006, and the growth performance is good. 2015 investigation, 9 years old forest stand average D_1.315.1cm, H10.4 m, dominant wood D_1.324.2cm, 11.5m and 4.5m of natural branch height. After 6 years of afforestation, the seeds normally blossom and bear fruits, and the seeds mature in 10 months.

In 2015, 10 excellent plants are selected from the cross-toe yellow sandalwood stand according to a 5 excellent tree method to serve as seed collecting parent trees, the selected excellent plants have the volume of more than 50% of the average excellent trees, are straight in dry shape, have the height of more than 5m below branches, have no diseases and insect pests, and form heartwood 3-4 cm by measuring with a growth cone.

2 cultivating seedlings

2.1 seed Collection

Collecting seeds from 10 selected excellent crossbred Dalbergia odorifera stock trees in 2015 for 10 months (at the temperature of 18-32 ℃), collecting seeds one by one, bagging, and making numbering and listing marks. After the seeds are collected, the seeds are dried in the sun, and then the seeds are stored at normal temperature after being removed.

2.2 growing seedlings

2.2.1 sowing the seeds of the yellow sandalwood of the toe, drying the seeds in the sun, and sowing the seeds. The seeds are washed in cold water and then soaked in warm water of about 45 ℃ for 24 hours one day before sowing, and the seeds are fished out of the water the next day and sowed after being naturally dried. A sand bed is prepared before sowing, and a plastic film is covered after 150 times of potassium permanganate soil is used for disinfection. And (3) uniformly scattering seeds on a seedbed during sowing, covering fine sand with the thickness of 1-2 cm, watering, and then building a small arched shed to cover a plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation to promote the seeds to germinate.

2.2.2 after the management of the seedbed and sowing, keeping the bed surface wet, and starting germination of seeds in normal 7 days. Spraying 1000 times of the daphniphyllum fungicide after germination, and then spraying 1000 times of the daphniphyllum fungicide or 4000 times of the Aimiao fungicide every 10 days.

2.2.3 bags of seedlings, and transferring the seedlings into 8 x 12cm plastic bags to be cultivated after the seedlings grow 3 true leaves. At ordinary times, the work of weeding, fertilizing and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests is well done. And (5) cultivating for 5 months in the next year (the temperature is 20-33 ℃), wherein the average seedling height can reach more than 25cm, and then planting and cutting the spike garden.

3 planting ear picking garden

The scion cutting garden is a main way for providing cutting scions, and the building of the yellow wingceltis leaf cutting garden is an important method for cultivating cutting seedlings of the yellow wingceltis leaf cutting garden. The main technology for constructing the yellow wingceltis corncob picking garden comprises the following steps:

3.1 soil preparation bed

The cutting nursery is selected from dry land or paddy field with sufficient sunlight and close to water source, but water cannot be accumulated. Deep ploughing, cleaning weed roots, and applying sufficient base fertilizer such as organic fertilizer or mushroom soil. The land is prepared into a seedling bed type, the bed surface is 1m wide, 3 seedlings can be planted in each row, the bed length is determined according to the condition, the footpath is 0.35m wide and 0.25m deep, drainage ditches are arranged around a nursery garden, water can not be accumulated in rainy days, and the root rot of the seedlings is prevented.

3.2 seedling selection and field planting

And planting the seedlings in the cutting garden, selecting the Pterocarpus indicus super seedling from the seedlings cultured by excellent plant seed collection according to the standard of selecting the super seedling for field planting, selecting the seedlings with excellent phenotype for multiple times to establish the cutting garden so as to expect to breed the cutting seedlings with high genetic gain. Preparing soil in a seedbed mode, planting according to the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 0.4m multiplied by 0.5m, planting 3 plants in each row, and planting 2300 plants in each mu in a fixed mode. The initial planting in the cutting orchard in 5 months is proper, and the early planting of the cutting wood has thick cutting wood and is not favorable for cutting survival. During planting, planting holes are dug, and 150g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied to each hole. In order to promote the Pterocarpus indicus to sprout from the rhizosphere and produce more spikes, the Pterocarpus indicus is obliquely planted during planting, the main stem of the nursery stock is inclined to the ground at an angle of 60 degrees, after planting, sufficient root fixing water is poured, and then the soil is frequently watered according to the weather conditions to keep the soil moist.

3.3 first year management method

The key for constructing the yellow wingceltis cutting orchard is fine management, and the survival rate of the planting after the management is in place can reach more than 99%. The following management work is mainly done:

3.3.1 the selective-sprouting branch of the dalbergia odorifera starts sprouting after 20 days of planting, and the average height of the sprouting young shoots is more than 45cm after about 50 days. And at the moment, selecting and reserving the germinated branches, selecting and reserving 2-3 germinated cutting branches with the same size for each stock plant, reserving 1 germinated standby branch for trimming a cutting pile in future to serve as a nutrient branch at the position closest to the ground rhizosphere, cutting off the rest germinated branches, wiping the buds every half month to remove the buds, and ensuring the concentrated nutrient supply to select and reserve the germinated branches for growth. If the stock plant is not selected to sprout and bud picking in time, the phenomena of obvious natural differentiation of the sprouting branch, uneven thickness of the branch, less effective branches, low yield of cutting scions and the like can occur. In order to explore the sprouting characteristics of the Dalbergia odorifera, 5 families of the Dalbergia odorifera are selected in 2016 (air temperature of 20-33 ℃) to perform a selective sprouting branch test, and the investigation results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of the scion treated by selecting, reserving and germinating branches is increased by 31.9 percent compared with the control, and the effect is good.

TABLE 1 survey form for the growth of the sprout branch of Pterocarpus indicus

3.3.2 topdressing and weeding

After the field planting is carried out for 1 month, 30g of compound fertilizer can be applied lightly, the total fertilization can be carried out for 2-3 times, the fertilizer can not be applied again so as to avoid fertilizer damage or excessive growth, the weed removing work is done daily, the competition of weeds is reduced, and the normal growth of seedlings is ensured.

3.3.3 control of pests

The plant diseases and insect pests of the yellow wingceltis cross cutting orchard mainly comprise anthracnose, aphid and the like, and the occurrence of the diseases and the insect pests is less and the harm is light. The pesticide can be selected from 1000 times of the bactericide of daphniphyllum, 1000-1500 times of Baitai, 4000-5000 times of Ammopara aromatica, 1500-2000 times of the pesticide of Ornithogalum, 800-1000 times of acetamiprid, etc., and the pesticide and the bactericide can be mixed for use. The number of application is determined according to the circumstances, and the medicine is generally sprayed for 3-4 times.

3.4 management method from the second year

The technology for managing the yellow wingceltis cutting orchard is different from that of the first year from the second year. The topdressing, weeding and pest control are basically the same as the first year of management, and the main differences are as follows: the number of the selected and remained sprouts is different, and the technology for cutting the scion stock plant into the pile and keeping the young is added. The technical features in different aspects are set forth below.

3.4.1 selecting and reserving the number of the sprouting branches, selecting and reserving 4-5 sprouting branches with the same size for each scion stock plant, reserving 1 sprouting standby nutrient branch at the position closest to the ground rhizosphere, cutting off the rest sprouting branches, frequently wiping the sprouts afterwards to remove the sprouts, and promoting the growth of the selected and reserved sprouting branches. If the number of the selected and germinated branches of the scion stock plant is less, the cutting scion is thicker in future, the cuttage survival is not facilitated, and the yield is low; if the number of the sprouting branches selected from the ear-picking stock plant exceeds 5, the branches are easy to wither, and the yield of the ears is influenced. In order to solve the technical problem, 2 families of the dalbergia odorifera are selected in 5 months (the air temperature is 20-33 ℃) in 2017 to carry out a selective germination branch test, and the results are shown in table 2 at the end of 1 month (the air temperature is 9-22 ℃) in 2018. Test results show that 4-5 germinated branches are selected, the average ear yield is 24.9-27.9 branches per stock plant, the yield is higher than that of 3-6 germinated branches, the average base diameter of the germinated branches is 1.7-1.8 cm, and the thickness of the cutting ears is moderate.

TABLE 2 Table of numbers of sprout and branch in the leaves of Dalbergia odorifera

3.4.2 cutting pile processing technique for cutting the stock plant of the ear to cut the cutting ear, the cut pile needs to be reduced in time to overcome the maturation effect, which is beneficial to cultivating the next generation of sprout strips to produce ear strips. The stump reduction treatment is too early, the next generation of budding strips are too thick, the treatment is too late, and the next generation of budding strips are too young and weak. Accordingly, after cutting the cutting slips by the stock plant of the cutting slips in 3 months of 2017 (the air temperature is 10-21 ℃), 1 family of Dalbergia odorifera was selected to carry out the test of cutting pile reduction at different times, and the results of the investigation at the end of 1 month of 2018 (the air temperature is 9-20 ℃) are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 XUANJIE lignum Santali albi ear stock plant cutting pile different time pruning sprout growth questionnaire

As can be seen from Table 3, the cut pile pruning for 25 days in 6 months (air temperature is 26-33 ℃) results in that the preservation rate of the scion stock plant is only 92% lower, the preservation rates of the scion stock plant for the other two times are 98% higher, the main reason is that the cut pile pruning for 25 days in the last 6 months is caused by dead pile, and meanwhile, the yield of the scion is lower, which is 29.1% lower than that for the cut pile pruning for 25 days in 5 months (air temperature is 23-26 ℃). And (3) cutting the piles and pruning for 25 days in 3 months (at the air temperature of 14-18 ℃), wherein the sprouting strips grow too fast due to the early sprouting of the scion stock plants, and the scion strips are too thick when cuttage is carried out in the next spring, so that the cuttage survival rate is reduced. Cutting and pruning the pile for 5 months and 25 days (the temperature is 23-26 ℃), wherein the preservation rate of the scion stock plant is up to 98%, the size of scion cutting branches is moderate, the yield is high, and the cuttage survival rate is highest. The time for cutting the stock plant of the harvesting ear into the pile is preferably 5 late ten months (the temperature is 20-33 ℃).

4 shearing ear of grain and output

The thickness of the base diameter of the sprouting shoot in the yellow wingceltis cutting orchard is generally 1.3-2.0 cm, the height is 2.5-3.0 m, and the survival rate of the cutting shoot is high. The pruning shears with good application quality for cutting the germinated branches have smooth cut, the cut is close to the ground as much as possible, the height of the cut pile is reduced as much as possible, and the pruning shears are not used for abandoning branches which are too weak, small and too thick. Trimming all lateral branches and leaves, cutting 1/3-1/2 of the total length of the branches from the base to prepare cutting branches, discarding the rest branches, and having low cutting survival rate of the upper branches. The length of 2 bud eyes of each cutting ear is about 10cm, each branch can be cut into 6-10 cutting ears, and about 7 ten thousand cutting ears can be produced in each mu of cutting orchard.

5-harvesting ear nursery young-keeping technology

Scion cuttings are cut from a scion cutting garden to breed nursery stocks, and after multi-generation collection, the age of the scion stock plants is continuously increased, which can cause maturation effect. The older the ear-picking stock plant, the faster the staleness, the lower the yield of the ear, the more difficult the rooting of the cutting propagation, and the reduced growth of the trees after the nursery stock afforestation. Therefore, the new planting is planted every five years to update the scion garden, the juvenile state of the pteroceltis rhabdocarpus scion stock plant is kept, and the conversion from the juvenile stage to the mature stage is overcome, so that the method has great necessity.

The method can keep the young state of the scion stock plant of the dalbergia odorifera, and can utilize tissue culture seedlings, root propagation seedlings or root sprouts to form new plants for renewed planting, thereby achieving the best young-keeping effect. The breeding of the tissue culture seedlings of the pteris odorifera is not reported in experimental research, and the updating and planting of the tissue culture seedlings are impossible at present. Therefore, the method is a main approach at present for forming a new plant planting and updating the cutting orchard by using the root system germination. The roots of most tree species do not sprout to form new plants. However, experiments show that after roots of the yellow sandalwood are cut off, roots remained in soil can sprout and form new plants, and the discovery of the excellent characteristic provides a new method for protecting and updating the scion stock plants in the yellow sandalwood scion garden.

5.1 sprouting and young keeping technology for scion stock plant

In southern Fujian areas, the optimal cutting propagation time of the yellow wingceltis amethystoides is 10 days before and after the end of 2 months (the temperature is 12-22 ℃). When cutting, after scion stock plant branches are cut, the average height of remaining cutting piles is 10-15 cm, the cutting piles are higher and higher along with the multi-generation scion cutting, the mature effect of the propagated nursery stocks is more obvious, the growth of the forests after afforestation is influenced, and the defect that the growth of the forests is needed to be overcome is overcome. Through experimental research, the young of the scion stock plant from the second year to the fourth year is protected by the following method: when cutting branches are cut, 1 sprout standby nutrient branch is left at the position closest to the ground rhizosphere without cutting, other branches are all cut, the ground diameter can be utilized as long as the requirement of cutting slips is met, and weak branches are discarded. And in the late 5 th month, pruning the cutting piles of the cut branches to be less than 5cm, continuously keeping the germinated standby nutrient branches, keeping the soil moist, removing weeds, and preventing the plants from dying after the cutting piles are cut down. Selecting and reserving the sprout branches when the height of the sprout strips is more than 50cm, and shearing the reserved sprout for standby nutrition branches. Cutting piles are trimmed according to the method every year later, and the scion stock plants are kept in a young state every year.

5.2 ear stock plant updating and young keeping technology

The young keeping treatment method for the scion stock plant in the fifth year comprises the following steps: although the scion orchard of the pteroceltis rhabdarioides can keep the young state of the scion stock plant by reducing the cutting pile, the scion stock plant is easy to have poor sprouting capability and dead plant phenomena after years of pruning. Therefore, the young plant is maintained by renewing the ear stock.

5.2.1 promoting the germination of the root system and planting in the cutting orchard, after cutting the branch of cutting of the stock plant of the cutting to be renewed, opening the soil to expose the root system, cutting at the root of the cutting pile, cutting off all the root systems of a cutting pile, removing the cutting pile, exposing the root system left in the soil to the soil surface for about 2cm, watering thoroughly, keeping the soil moist at ordinary times, and removing weeds. After the root system is cut off in spring for 1 month, the root system sprouts, and 1 stump cuts off a plurality of plants which can sprout by a plurality of root systems, but not all root systems can sprout. And selecting and reserving plant for the clustered sprouting strips when the height of the root sprouting strips is about 40cm, wherein 2 root sprouting strips can be reserved for each cutting pile, and 1-2 sprouting strips are selected and reserved for each root. After selecting and reserving fixed plants from the bud strips, covering soil on the root systems exposed on the ground, and performing management work such as fertilization and weeding. The root system sprout branches grow well, and the cuttage branches can reach the average ground diameter of 1.3cm and the height of more than 1.8m by the bottom of 2 months in the next year, so that the cuttage branches are good cuttage scions.

5.2.2 the seedlings with the propagated root systems are fixedly planted in the middle ten days of 3 months, and the seedlings are cut and propagated by the root systems of the scion stock plants to be updated in the scion cutting garden. The dug root system is cut into cutting slips with the length of about 5cm, and the cutting slips are processed by ABT rooting powder and then cut. And (4) cultivating the pteroceltis tatarinowii branches according to a cutting seedling management method after cuttage. The height of the seedlings in root cutting propagation in the spring of the next year can reach more than 60cm, and the seedlings can be outplanted and renewed to be fixedly planted and harvested in the spike cutting garden.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing and maintaining a scion garden of Dalbergia odorifera is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(6) selecting seedlings and planting: at the beginning of 5 months, at the air temperature of 20-28 ℃, selecting and planting the Pterocarpus indicus super seedlings from the seedlings obtained in the step (4) according to the standard of selecting the super seedlings, planting 3 plants in each row, planting 2300 plants in the seedbed in the step (5) in each mu, selecting the seedlings with excellent phenotype through multiple selections to establish a cutting nursery, and expecting to breed the cutting seedlings with high genetic gain;

(9) the young keeping treatment of the scion stock plant in the management of the second year and later comprises the following steps:

A. the young keeping treatment method for the scion stock plant from the second year to the fourth year comprises the following steps: when cutting branches are cut, 1 sprout standby nutrient branch is left at the position closest to the ground rhizosphere without cutting, all other branches are cut, the ground diameter can be utilized as soon as the cutting requirement is met, weak small branches are discarded, in the last ten days of 5 months, the air temperature is 20-33 ℃, cutting piles of the cut branches are cut again and are lower than 5cm, the sprout standby nutrient branches are kept continuously, soil is kept moist, weeds are removed, plant death after the cutting piles are cut low is prevented, sprout branches are selected and left until the height of the sprout branches is more than 50cm, and the left sprout standby nutrient branch is cut off;

B. the young keeping treatment method for the scion stock plant in the fifth year comprises the following steps: comprises the following steps:

a. promoting germination of root systems and planting: in a cutting garden, cutting branches of cutting stock plants of the cutting to be updated, digging soil to expose roots, cutting the roots at the root of a cutting pile, cutting off a cutting pile with a plurality of roots, removing the cutting pile to ensure that the roots left in the soil have the length of 1.5-2.5 cm exposed out of the soil surface, then watering thoroughly and keeping the soil moist at ordinary times, removing weeds, and germinating from the roots 1 month after cutting off the roots in spring; when the height of the root system sprout strips is 35-45 cm, selecting and reserving a fixed plant for the cluster sprout strips, reserving 2 root system sprout strips for each cutting pile, and selecting and reserving 1-2 sprout strips for each root system; after selecting and reserving fixed plants from the bud strips, covering soil on the root systems exposed out of the ground, and well performing management work including fertilization and weeding; at the end of 2 months in the next year, the temperature is 12-22 ℃, the average ground diameter of the cuttage branches can reach 1.3cm, the height is more than 1.8m, and good cuttage scions are obtained;

b. planting the nursery stock of the propagation root system: in the middle ten days of 3 months, digging a root system of a to-be-updated cutting stock plant in a cutting orchard at the temperature of 12-23 ℃, and cutting to propagate a seedling; cutting the dug root system into cutting slips with the length of 4-6 cm, and performing cutting after the cutting slips are treated by ABT rooting powder; cultivating the pteroceltis tatarinowii branches according to a cuttage seedling management method after cuttage; the height of the seedlings in root cutting propagation in the spring of the next year can reach more than 60cm, and the seedlings can be taken out of the nursery and updated to be fixedly planted in a cutting orchard; and the cutting orchard is updated once every five years of new planting.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the multiple of the potassium permanganate disinfected in the step (2) is 150 times.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) covering fine sand with the thickness of 1-2 cm in the step (2).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), planting holes are dug during planting, and 140-160 g of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied to each hole.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (6) obliquely planting during planting, wherein the main trunk of the nursery stock is inclined to the ground at an angle of 60 degrees, and sufficiently watering for rooting after planting.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), after planting for 1 month, applying 30g of compound fertilizer lightly and applying fertilizer for 2-3 times in total.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), the bactericide of 1000 times of daphniphyllum, 1000-1500 times of Baitai, 4000-5000 times of Aimiao, 1500-2000 times of perennial insecticide and 800-1000 times of acetamiprid are selected for pest control operation and sprayed for 3-4 times.