CN108834896A - A kind of fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 - Google Patents
A kind of fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to forest raising technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8, which is characterized in that include the following steps：Seedling breeding, seedling selection, field planting cultivation, tree body management, tree body pruning, water-fertilizer conditioning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, seedling breeding mainly includes tissue-culturing rapid propagation and epicormic branch cutting.The physical structure of field planting hole local soil is improved, the component for improveing material each section is 0.02 side of organic fertilizer/hole, forest or crop limb comminuting matter 0.029 side/hole, the hole calcium superphosphate 0.45kg/, the hole potassium sulfate 0.09kg/, is uniformly mixed before application.The peaceful Qi planted of the present invention 6 and No. 8 fructus lycii high survival rates of peaceful Qi, quality is good, yield is high, is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forest raising technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fructus lycii plantation based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8
Method.
Background technique
Eating fructus lycii new varieties " peaceful Qi 6 " raw is the new product selected from lycium barbarum natural hybrization seedling offspring
Kind, have and grow vigorous, hair principal stresses is strong, and yield is high, and pulp is thick, and amount containing seed is few, taste sweetness free from extraneous odour, be suitable for eat raw etc. it is excellent
Point.Fresh fruit fruit transverse diameter 9.29mm, vertical diameter 22.73mm, pulp thickness 2.03mm, number containing seed 20.96；Polysaccharides content
12.6mg·kg-1, total amino acid content 89.1mgkg-1, carrotene 1.5mgkg-1.And it has passed through Ningxia high quality tree species and examines
Fixed and National Botanical New variety protection identification, is confirmed as first, Ningxia fresh food fructus lycii new varieties.
Big fruit fructus lycii new varieties " peaceful Qi 8 " are the new varieties by selecting excellent method to select naturally, big with fruit,
Nutritive value characteristic abundant, is maximum one of fruit head in current fructus lycii kind, and fresh fruit mass of 1000 kernel is averaged 1211.5g,
Increasing by 32.2% than " peaceful Qi 6 ", increases by 67.4% or more than " peaceful Qi 1 ", single fruit maximum indulges diameter and reaches 4.3cm, grain weight 3.2g,
Superfine fruit rate is up to 80% or more." peaceful Qi 8 " fresh fruit indulges diameter and increases by 47.5% than main breed " peaceful Qi 1 ", and transverse diameter increases
11.4%.The contents such as polysaccharides, amino acid, glycine betaine, carrotene and trace element zinc, selenium equal size are most than " peaceful Qi 6
Number ", " peaceful Qi 1 " it is all high, wherein polysaccharides improve 14.7%, total amino acid content improve 6.8%, carrotene improve
16.7%, beet alkali content improves 40%.The kind passes through State Administration of Forestry's Plant new variety protection in December, 2012
Assert.
At present for the plantation of the two tailored version fructus lyciis lack it is a kind of efficiently, suitable for the implantation methods of popularization.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to for peaceful Qi 6 and No. 8 fructus lyciis of peaceful Qi, provide it is a kind of it is efficient, suitable for the base of popularization
In the implantation methods of peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful No. 8 fructus lyciis of Qi.
In order to achieve the above object, this invention takes following technical schemes：
A kind of fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8, include the following steps：Seedling breeding, seedling choosing
It selects, be colonized cultivation, tree body management, tree body pruning, water-fertilizer conditioning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, seedling breeding mainly includes that tissue culture is fast
Numerous and epicormic branch cutting；Wherein,
Tissue-culturing rapid propagation step includes：
1. explant inoculation medium：MS+6-BA0.5㎎/L+IAA0.8㎎/L；
2. subculture medium：MS+6-BA0.3㎎/L+IAA0.8㎎/L；
3. root media：MS1/2+IBA0.4㎎/L；
4. condition of culture：In 25 DEG C ± 3 DEG C of temperature, 1000~1600Lx of intensity of illumination, lighting delay number 14h/d；
5. test tube seedling acclimatization and transplants：Explant starts to take root after being inoculated with 7 days, carries out after 3~4 days after 80% kind of seedling rooting
Hardening is transplanted, matrix is turf：Vermiculite：Perlite=1：1：1；When new root is covered with matrix, transplanting seedling stabilization carries out after surviving
Big seedling cultivation；
Epicormic branch cutting step includes：
1. cuttings prepares：Select robust growth, no disease and pests harm, semi-lignified current-year branch, be cut into 6~8cm's long
Cuttings；
2. hole tray, matrix prepare：Matrix formulations are turf：Vermiculite：Perlite=2：1：1, to hole tray and matrix before cuttage
All disinfections；
3. root-growing agent is handled：Using quickly dipped cuttage, root-growing agent uses 800~1000PPm of IBA；
4. cuttings cuttage：Cuttings root-growing agent is with dipping in slotting 1.5~2 ㎝ of cuttage depth；
5. seed and seedling management：When transplanting seedling rooting, and new root be covered with matrix after carry out big seedling cultivation；
Pest control procedures include：
1. fructus lycii sprouts and sprays 1000 times of liquid of 5% Bordeaux mixture lime sulfur or 48% chlopyrifos before lamina, prevention and treatment
Overwintering adult, larva, ovum and simultaneous control the germs such as root rot；
2. the dead net 2000 times of liquid of 25% imidacloprid, 1500 times of liquid mid-May or 20% mite, it is anti-eliminate aphis, wood louse, Ji
Horse, goitre mite and rust mite；
3. 6~August regards field pest and disease damage situation and carries out specific aim prevention and treatment：
Aphid uses the red 2000 times of liquid of ear mite of 3% Acetamiprid, 2500 times of liquid+20% 600 times of liquid of+1.5% benziothiazolinone；Goitre mite
Using the 1500 times of liquid prevention and treatments of+70% thiophanate methyl of 20% pyridaben, 1500 times of liquid of+10% imidacloprid of 1500 times of liquid；
Wood louse is using beneficial 2000 times of+34% pyridaben of the 3000 times of liquid of pear sucker of 4.5% 1500 times of liquid of high Permethrin+1.8%
Liquid is prevented and treated.
Preferably, in field planting cultivation step, construction criteriaization is colonized garden, including：Seeding row spacing is 1m × 2m or 1m × 3m, fixed
Plant hole be length and width, it is deep be respectively 45~55cm, 45~55cm, 55~65cm, by be added in field planting is cheated include organic fertilizer,
Forest or crop limb comminuting matter, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate improvement material, to the physical structure of field planting hole local soil into
Row improvement.
Preferably, the component of described improvement material each section is 0.02 side of organic fertilizer/hole, forest or crop limb crushed material
Expect 0.029 side/hole, the hole calcium superphosphate 0.45kg/, the hole potassium sulfate 0.09kg/, is uniformly mixed before application；Improvement was implemented
Journey includes the following steps：
The first step：Plant branch bar crushed material is spread fertilizer over the fields on the soil dug out when digging and formulating and plant hole；
Second step：The farmyard manure that cow dung, sheep dung mix is spread fertilizer over the fields on plant branch bar crushed material；
Third step：Ready fertilizer mixtures are spread fertilizer over the fields on the farmyard manure applied toward each having spread for pit edge of field planting again
0.54kg, wherein calcium superphosphate 0.45kg, potassium sulfate 0.09kg；
4th step：The fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields, farmyard manure, stalk and the soil dug out are applied while mixing in hole, directly
To filling out apart near coal-mine 20cm.
Preferably, water-fertilizer conditioning step uses water-fertilizer integral management, and the ratio of N P and K in aqueous solution is first adjusted to N:
P2O5:K2O=1:0.48:0.52, then by the aqueous solution in irrigated area trickle irrigation.
Preferably, including preparing before being colonized, be colonized preceding preparation includes field planting cultivation step：
1. seedling is planted：Leeward, drier place is selected to deep-cut 50~60cm temporary planting ditch before field planting in field planting garden, bottom of trench is flat
It is smooth, then downwards and ground is at 30 °~45° angle degree by the bare-root seeding root system pulled back, recline on the inside of temporary planting ditch, seedling is put
5~10cm of thickness will be planted ditch cover with wet soil after setting and tread, root system is buried completely；The seedling being planted is nestled up, separately
A line is played, then puts a row, until the temporary planting of all seedlings is finished, then is covered at the top of fructus lycii seedling with straw screen or mat object, wait be colonized；
2. seedling is trimmed：Before planting seedlings, seedling is once trimmed, too long, injured, withered root segment is wiped out, cuts
Go the rudiment bar of root or more and the branch of excessive growth that seedling bizet is, the root segment clip by rugosity in 0.1cm or more is smooth, and seedling is whole
Length is left 18~25cm；
3. chemicals treatment
The seedling root system clear water sheared is impregnated for 24 hours, is then watered 20kg with 1gABT3 root-inducing powder, is added a small amount of
Soil is made into mud and is stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.
Preferably, field planting cultivation step further includes planting seedlings, and planting seedlings include：
1. transplanting
The mound of about 5cm or so first is piled up in the center in field planting hole with topsoil, then seedling root system is sitting in the top of mound
Portion stretches seedling root system around, is filled with topsoil, gently steps on seedling surrounding soil when filling out half and cheating, and then mentions seedling and relaxes
Root system is opened up, then fills up soil, it is positive steady and sure plant for second, last until banket to seedling rootstock, i.e., " one, which mentions two, steps on three and fill out
Soil "；It poured water in time in the same day after planting seedlings, fills to field planting hole and reach saturation shape apart near coal-mine 30cm depth soil moisture content
State；
2. putting a lodged plant upright
After the completion of planting seedlings, when field planting underground water point seeps dry, set up support frame beside seedling in time and fix, it is complete after simultaneously
Bury exposed root system and smooth field planting hole；
It is planted 3. seedling is mended
In late May, the seedling not survived mend in time with temporary planting seedling and is planted, it is ensured that current year is not short of seedling, and mends after planting
It pours water in time.
Preferably, tree body management process includes：
1. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control before rudiment
All seedlings in field planting garden, planting seedlings carry out whole strain with lime sulfur after the completion and spray once；Seedling is sprouted
Bud initial stage carries out whole strain and sprays goitre rust mite spraying only once again, carries out to rust mite in the fructus lycii field planting garden Yuan Quan and goitre rust mite is net has
Effect prevention and treatment；
2. fixed pole
It after plant, germinates, stablizes after surviving, the cutting back fixed pole culture first layer at 55~65cm of ground to fructus lycii seedling
Tree body；
3. bud picking
After seedling germination is normal, the healthy and strong rudiment or young sprout that 3~4 are stretched around are selected and remain at the top of plant, culture the
One layer of hat width mobile jib branch is erased the dry branch not germinateed in time and is had from ground to from tree trunk base portion and newly sprout and root turion seedling,
So as to inspire it is new slightly, strong sprout；
4. pinching
New slightly length to be retained reaches 28~32cm or so and starts pinching, inspires side shoot；If stem 20cm above section
It is withered, to grown at the top of lower part or rootstock it is new slightly, and when length reaches 10~15cm, selects and remain 1 upright, robust growth
It is new slightly cut off other newly slightly, new pinching when slightly length reaches 28~32cm to be retained inspires side shoot, cultivates second layer hat width；
The backward all upright or branch that grows obliquely in other situations in addition to all smearing other than short covering or fixed pole retain
It removes；But the branch then not pinching progress fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture that end of the branch is flattened or downward, allow it to grow, as a result, end of the branch is near the ground
Shi Jinhang cutting back or pinching.(peaceful Qi 8 needs to carry out 2~3 pinching).
Preferably, tree body pruning includes spring trimming, summer pruning and winter pruning；
Spring trimming：It is carried out 4~May, using nature semicircle tree-shaped, at age tree-pruning：Wipe out plant rhizome
Sprout branch and mobile jib, crown the raw useless branch of excessive growth (upright branch), control crown advantage；Remove thorax in branch and
Branch is crossed in canopy；The too low branch of tree crown lower layer is removed, branch keeps the height of 20~30cm from the ground；It wipes out in canopy
Disease, worm, thin and delicate branch overstocked on residual branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Staggeredly in cutting back tree crown, the transitory branch and strong knot of top distribution
Fruit branch；Branch can be also covered or replaced in time according to tree body growing way；
Summer pruning：It is carried out in 5~September part, after fixed pole, mobile jib sprouting branch is selected and remain into direction difference, and press from both sides with mobile jib
Side shoot of the angle between 30 °~40 ° 3~4 are used as first layer skeleton branch, and side shoot cutting back at away from 15~20cm of mobile jib inspires
Secondary side shoot (fruitful branch)；The secondary side shoot issued after cutting back is handled in two kinds of situation：
(1) all retain in principle to the flattened branch in two sides, overstocked removes；
(2) upright branch all removes in addition to for caving and short covering；
The entire season of growth will erase the branch in innovation and root turion seedling and tree thorax on mobile jib in time, reinforce in tree crown
Ventilation and penetrating light ability, convenient for the prevention and control of drug；
Winter pruning：In November to second year March carry out, to rudiment, the branch of excessive growth, close branch, disease pest branch, thin and delicate branch,
It crosses branch and makees primary careful trimming；Remove the branch under trimming on residual blade and ground on tree crown.
Beneficial effect：The peaceful Qi 6 and No. 8 fructus lycii high survival rates of peaceful Qi, yield that the present invention plants are high, are suitable for promoting.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Eating fructus lycii new varieties " peaceful Qi 6 " raw is the new product selected from lycium barbarum natural hybrization seedling offspring
Kind, have and grow vigorous, hair principal stresses is strong, and yield is high, and pulp is thick, and amount containing seed is few, taste sweetness free from extraneous odour, be suitable for eat raw etc. it is excellent
Point.Fresh fruit fruit transverse diameter 9.29mm, vertical diameter 22.73mm, pulp thickness 2.03mm, number containing seed 20.96；Polysaccharides content
12.6mgkg~1, total amino acid content 89.1mgkg~1, carrotene 1.5mgkg~1.And have passed through Ningxia forest
The identification of breeding authorization and National Botanical New variety protection, is confirmed as first, Ningxia fresh food fructus lycii new varieties.Big fruit fructus lycii
New varieties " peaceful Qi 8 " are the new varieties by selecting excellent method to select naturally, big, the nutritive value spy abundant with fruit
Property, it is that fresh fruit mass of 1000 kernel is averaged 1211.5g fruit head maximum one in current fructus lycii kind, increases than " peaceful Qi 6 "
32.2%, increase by 67.4% or more than " peaceful Qi 1 ", single fruit maximum indulges diameter and reaches 4.3cm, and grain weight 3.2g, superfine fruit rate is up to 80%
More than." peaceful Qi 8 " fresh fruit indulges diameter and increases by 47.5% than main breed " peaceful Qi 1 ", and transverse diameter increases by 11.4%.Polysaccharides,
The contents such as amino acid, glycine betaine, carrotene and trace element zinc, selenium equal size are most all than " peaceful Qi 6 ", " peaceful Qi 1 "
Height, wherein polysaccharides improves 14.7%, and total amino acid content improves 6.8%, and carrotene improves 16.7%, and beet alkali content mentions
It is high by 40%.The kind has passed through the identification of State Administration of Forestry's Plant new variety protection in December, 2012.In December, 2015 passes through
The authorization of autonomous region's high quality tree species.Design parameter is as shown in table 1.
The different fructus lycii kind nutritional ingredients of table 1 and mass of 1000 kernel comparison
For peaceful Qi 6 and No. 8 fructus lyciis of peaceful Qi, the present invention provide it is a kind of it is efficient, suitable for popularization based on peaceful Qi 6 and
The implantation methods of No. 8 fructus lyciis of peaceful Qi：
Include the following steps：Seedling breeding, seedling selection, field planting cultivation, tree body management, tree body pruning, liquid manure tune
Control, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, seedling breeding mainly include tissue-culturing rapid propagation and epicormic branch cutting, wherein：
(1) tissue-culturing rapid propagation includes following below scheme：Explant inoculation → explant growth is proliferated with differentiation → Plantlet subculture
Culture → test tube seedling rejuvenation → rooting of vitro seedling → hardening → test tube transplantation of seedlings.
It is specific as follows：
1. explant inoculation medium：MS+6-BA0.5㎎/L+IAA0.8㎎/L；
2. subculture medium：MS+6-BA0.3㎎/L+IAA0.8㎎/L；
3. root media：MS1/2+IBA0.4㎎/L；
4. condition of culture：In 25 DEG C ± 3 DEG C of temperature, 1000~1600Lx of intensity of illumination, lighting delay number 14h/d；
5. test tube seedling acclimatization and transplants：Explant starts to take root after being inoculated with 7 days, carries out after 3~4 days after 80% kind of seedling rooting
Hardening is transplanted, matrix is turf：Vermiculite：Perlite=1：1：1；When new root is covered with matrix, transplanting seedling stabilization carries out after surviving
Big seedling cultivation；
By the peaceful Qi 6 of tissue-culturing rapid propagation and No. 8 fructus lycii seedling of peaceful Qi, subculture value-added coefficient reaches 3~5, and rooting rate reaches
To 95%, transplanting survival rate reaches 90% or more.
(2) epicormic branch cutting includes following below scheme：Breed facility disinfection → auxiliary facility maintenance → hole tray prepare with it is clear
Wash → matrix packing trains with disinfection → cuttings selects and the preparation of production → root-growing agent and processing → cuttage root-taking and seedling early growth
Educate (light control and irrigation) → kind of the transplantation of seedlings of (temperature, humidity, light control, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control) → hardening or Gui Pu.
1. cuttings prepares：Select robust growth, no disease and pests harm, semi-lignified current-year branch, be cut into 6~8cm's long
Cuttings；Pay attention to removing tender, excessively old diameter section, blade whole removal below is spare in the middle part of cuttings；
2. hole tray, matrix prepare：Using 60 or 128 hole trays, matrix formulations are turf：Vermiculite：Perlite=2：1：1, skewer
Hole tray and matrix are all sterilized before inserting；
3. root-growing agent is handled：Using quickly dipped cuttage, root-growing agent uses 800~1000PPm of IBA；
4. cuttings cuttage：Cuttings root-growing agent with dip in insert, 1.5~2 ㎝ of cuttage depth；
5. seed and seedling management：It is put into full-automatic nursery workshop by spraying after cuttage and enters normal management；When transplanting seedling rooting, and newly
Root moves into hardening workshop after being covered with matrix, finally moves into crop field and carries out big seedling cultivation.
Peaceful Qi 6 and No. 8 fructus lycii seedling of peaceful Qi using epicormic branch cutting, cuttage survival rate up to 90% or more, at
90% or more seedling rate.
Seedling selection：Seedling should be the big specification seedling of vegetative propagation, and main side root is flourishing, and root system is complete, ground diameter 0.5cm with
On.Selection I and II seedling is provided by 676~2010 fructus lycii seedling quality standard of DB64/T.
Field planting cultivation step includes preparation, planting seedlings before construction criteriaization field planting garden, field planting, wherein：
Construction criteriaization is colonized garden：Construction criteriaization is colonized garden, including：Seeding row spacing is 1m × 2m or 1m × 3m, digs field planting
Hole carries out getting label ready in the planting pit that local improving is crossed, excavates field planting hole, field planting according to the seeding row spacing unwrapping wire in field planting planning
Hole be length and width, it is deep may respectively be 45~55cm, 45~55cm, 55~65cm, length and width in the present embodiment, it is deep be respectively 50cm,
50cm,60cm；It include organic fertilizer, forest or crop limb comminuting matter, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate by being added in field planting is cheated
Improvement material, to field planting hole local soil physical structure improve.Pollinizers configuration：According to peaceful Qi No. 6 ︰ peaceful Qi 8
It is planted between the ratio strain that ratio for 1 ︰ 2 in the ranks plants or peaceful Qi No. 6 ︰ peaceful Qi 8 is 1 ︰ 3.
Improve material each section component be 0.029 side of 0.02 side of organic fertilizer/hole, forest or crop limb comminuting matter/
Hole, the hole calcium superphosphate 0.45kg/, the hole potassium sulfate 0.09kg/, are uniformly mixed before application；It includes following for improveing implementation process
Step：
The first step：Plant branch bar crushed material is spread fertilizer over the fields on the soil dug out when digging and formulating and plant hole；
Second step：The farmyard manure that cow dung, sheep dung mix is spread fertilizer over the fields on plant branch bar crushed material；
Third step：Ready fertilizer mixtures are spread fertilizer over the fields on the farmyard manure applied toward each having spread for pit edge of field planting again
0.54kg, wherein calcium superphosphate 0.45kg, potassium sulfate 0.09kg；
4th step：The fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields, farmyard manure, stalk and the soil dug out are applied while mixing in hole, directly
To filling out apart near coal-mine 20cm.
Being colonized preceding preparation includes：
1. seedling is planted：Leeward, drier place is selected to deep-cut 50~60cm temporary planting ditch before field planting in field planting garden, bottom of trench is flat
It is smooth, then downwards and ground is at 30 °~45° angle degree by the bare-root seeding root system pulled back, recline on the inside of temporary planting ditch, seedling is put
5~10cm of thickness will be planted ditch cover with wet soil after setting and tread, root system is buried completely；The seedling being planted is nestled up, separately
A line is played, then puts a row, 5~10cm of thickness is put, after seedling finishes, is further filled with wet soil and buries root system completely；With such
It pushes away, until the temporary planting of all seedlings is finished, then is covered at the top of fructus lycii seedling with straw screen or mat object, wait be colonized；
2. seedling is trimmed：Before planting seedlings, seedling is once trimmed, too long, injured, withered root segment is wiped out, cuts
Go the rudiment bar of root or more and the branch of excessive growth that seedling bizet is, the root segment clip by rugosity in 0.1cm or more is smooth, and seedling is whole
Length is left 18~25cm.
3. chemicals treatment：The seedling root system clear water sheared is impregnated for 24 hours, is then watered with 1gABT3 root-inducing powder
20kg is added a small amount of soil, is made into mud and is stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.
Resident time is according to the local afforestation season, and best resident time is in March 20 to April 10, and temperature gets warm again after a cold spell at this time
Comparatively fast, 13 to 15 degrees Celsius of temperature on average on daytime or more, 5 to 6 degrees Celsius of night temperature on average or more, ground temperature is up to 2 to 3 degrees Celsius
Above, it is transplanted as early as possible when soil thaws completely, ground vapour is connected substantially, ruins moisture in the soil is stablized, sprout not yet sprouts.
Planting seedlings include following below scheme：
1. transplanting
The mound of about 5cm or so first is piled up in the center in field planting hole with topsoil, then seedling root system is sitting in the top of mound
Portion stretches seedling root system around, is filled with topsoil, gently steps on seedling surrounding soil when filling out half and cheating, and then mentions seedling and relaxes
Root system is opened up, then fills up soil, it is positive steady and sure plant for second, last until banket to seedling rootstock, i.e., " one, which mentions two, steps on three and fill out
Soil "；It poured water in time in the same day after planting seedlings, fills to field planting hole and reach saturation shape apart near coal-mine 30cm depth soil moisture content
State；
2. putting a lodged plant upright
After the completion of planting seedlings, when field planting underground water point seeps dry, set up support frame beside seedling in time and fix, it is complete after simultaneously
Bury exposed root system and smooth field planting hole；
It is planted 3. seedling is mended
In late May, the seedling not survived mend in time with temporary planting seedling and is planted, it is ensured that current year is not short of seedling, and mends after planting
It pours water in time.
Tree body management includes following below scheme:
1. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control before rudiment：After the completion of planting seedlings, full garden carries out whole strain with lime sulfur and sprays once；Seedling
Rudiment initial stage, full garden carry out whole strain and spray goitre rust mite spraying only once, carry out to the full garden rust mite of fructus lycii and goitre rust mite only effective
Prevention and treatment；
2. fixed pole：It after plant, germinates, stablizes after surviving to fructus lycii seedling, the cutting back fixed pole culture the at the 60cm of ground
One layer of tree body (annual or nutrient bag seedling)；
3. bud picking：After seedling germination is normal, the healthy and strong rudiment or young sprout that 3~4 are stretched around are selected and remain at the top of plant,
First layer hat width mobile jib branch is cultivated, erase the dry branch not germinateed in time and has new sprout and root to from tree trunk base portion from ground
Tiller seedling, so as to inspire it is new slightly, strong sprout；
4. pinching：New slightly length to be retained reaches 30cm or so and starts pinching, inspires side shoot；If stem 20cm is with top
It is point withered, to grown at the top of lower part or rootstock it is new slightly, and when length reaches 10~15cm, selects and remain that 1 upright, growth is strong
It is strong it is new slightly cut off other newly slightly, new pinching when slightly length reaches 40cm or so to be retained inspires side shoot, culture second layer hat
Width.The later all upright or branch that grows obliquely is outer in addition to retaining in short covering or fixed pole, in other situations entirely
Portion erases, but the branch then not pinching progress fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture that end of the branch is flattened or downward, and (peaceful Qi 8 needs to carry out 2~3
Secondary pinching), allow it to grow, as a result, carrying out cutting back or pinching when end of the branch is near the ground.
Tree body pruning includes spring trimming, summer pruning and winter pruning, specific as follows：
Spring trimming：It is carried out 4~May, using nature semicircle tree-shaped, at age tree-pruning：Wipe out plant rhizome
Sprout branch and mobile jib, crown the raw useless branch of excessive growth (upright branch), control crown advantage；Remove thorax in branch and
Branch is crossed in canopy；The too low branch of tree crown lower layer is removed, branch keeps the height of 20~30cm from the ground；It wipes out in canopy
Disease, worm, thin and delicate branch overstocked on residual branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Staggeredly in cutting back tree crown, the transitory branch and strong knot of top distribution
Fruit branch；Branch can be also covered or replaced in time according to tree body growing way；
Summer pruning：It is carried out in 5~September part, after fixed pole, mobile jib sprouting branch is selected and remain into direction difference, and press from both sides with mobile jib
Side shoot of the angle between 30 °~40 ° 3~4 are used as first layer skeleton branch, and side shoot cutting back at away from 15~20cm of mobile jib inspires
Secondary side shoot (fruitful branch)；The secondary side shoot issued after cutting back is handled in two kinds of situation：
(1) all retain in principle to the flattened branch in two sides, overstocked removes；
(2) upright branch all removes in addition to for caving and short covering；
The entire season of growth will erase the branch in innovation and root turion seedling and tree thorax on mobile jib in time, reinforce in tree crown
Ventilation and penetrating light ability, convenient for the prevention and control of drug；
Winter pruning：In November to second year March carry out, to rudiment, the branch of excessive growth, close branch, disease pest branch, thin and delicate branch,
It crosses branch and makees primary careful trimming；Remove the branch under trimming on residual blade and ground on tree crown.
Water-fertilizer conditioning：Using water-fertilizer integral management, the ratio of N P and K in aqueous solution is first adjusted to N:P2O5:K2O=
1:0.48:0.52, then by the aqueous solution in irrigated area trickle irrigation.It is described according to " high-frequency, short cycle, low wash water " principle
Irrigated area is the region to be concentrated of fructus lycii tree root owner, i.e., centered on root, the circular scope that diameter is 40~60cm, works as irrigated area
When soil moisture content is lower than the 80% of field capacity, trickle irrigation is carried out；Setting concentration of aqueous solution be pure N, P, K be respectively 60,20,
40ppm, real-time monitoring can be carried out in implementation process according to soil concentration of aqueous solution, and the present embodiment specific implementation is as shown in table 2：
2 water-fertilizer integral Managed Solution of table
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：The normal growth phase mainly prevents eliminating aphis, wood louse, thrips, goitre mite and rust mite.
Field planting garden with unite it is anti-based on, intersect medication, main diseases and insect pests are simultaneous controls other secondary disease pests for prevention and treatment.Normal way
It is：If pest and disease damage occurs, need to be spaced that spray within 10 days or so drug primary, continuous prevention and treatment is three times.Followed by carry out drug
Selection and timely prevent and treat, it is specific as follows：
1. fructus lycii sprouts and sprays 5% Bordeaux mixture lime sulfur either 48% chlopyrifos before lamina if any 1000 times of liquid
Twice, it can kill in tree body there are overwintering adult, larva, ovum and simultaneous control the germs such as root rot；
2. the dead net 2000 times of liquid of 25% imidacloprid, 1500 times of liquid mid-May or 20% mite is anti-to eliminate aphis, wood louse, Ji
Horse, goitre mite and rust mite；
3. 6~August regards field Pests situation and carries out specific aim prevention and treatment.Aphid using 3% Acetamiprid, 2500 times of liquid+
20% red ear mite, 2000 times of liquid, 600 times of liquid of+1.5% benziothiazolinone；Goitre mite uses 20% pyridaben, 1500 times of+10% imidacloprids of liquid
1500 times of+70% thiophanate methyls of liquid, 1500 times of liquid prevention and treatments；Wood louse is using the beneficial pear wood of 4.5% 1500 times of liquid of high Permethrin+1.8%
Lice 3000 times of liquid, 2000 times of liquid of+34% pyridaben are prevented and treated；
4. the pests methods such as 8~September part is anti-to be eliminated aphis, wood louse, goitre mite are same as above.
In conclusion the peaceful Qi planted of the present invention 6 and No. 8 fructus lycii high survival rates of peaceful Qi, quality is good, yield is high, it is suitable for
It promotes and applies.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8, which is characterized in that include the following steps：Seedling is numerous
It educates, seedling selection, field planting cultivation, tree body management, tree body pruning, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, seedling breeding mainly includes that tissue culture is fast
Numerous and epicormic branch cutting；Wherein,
Tissue-culturing rapid propagation step includes：
(1) explant inoculation medium：MS+6-BA0.5㎎/L+IAA0.8㎎/L；
(2) subculture medium：MS+6-BA0.3㎎/L+IAA0.8㎎/L；
(3) root media：MS1/2+IBA0.4㎎/L；
(4) condition of culture：In 25 DEG C ± 3 DEG C of temperature, 1000~1600Lx of intensity of illumination, lighting delay number 14h/d；
(5) test tube seedling acclimatization and transplants：Explant starts to take root after being inoculated with 7 days, is moved after 3~4 days after 80% kind of seedling rooting
Hardening is planted, matrix is turf：Vermiculite：Perlite=1：1：1；When new root is covered with matrix, transplanting seedling stabilization carries out big after surviving
Seedling is cultivated；
Epicormic branch cutting step includes：
(1) cuttings prepares：Select robust growth, no disease and pests harm, semi-lignified current-year branch, be cut into the slotting of 6~8cm long
Fringe；
(2) hole tray, matrix prepare：Matrix formulations are turf：Vermiculite：Perlite=2：1：1, it is whole to hole tray and matrix before cuttage
Disinfection；
(3) root-growing agent is handled：Using quickly dipped cuttage, root-growing agent uses 800~1000PPm of IBA；
(4) cuttings cuttage：Cuttings root-growing agent with dip in insert；
(5) seed and seedling management：When transplanting seedling rooting, and new root be covered with matrix after carry out big seedling cultivation；
Pest control procedures include：
(1) fructus lycii sprouts and sprays 1000 times of liquid of 5% Bordeaux mixture lime sulfur or 48% chlopyrifos before lamina, prevents and treats overwintering
Adult, larva, ovum and simultaneous control the germs such as root rot；
(2) the dead net 2000 times of liquid of 25% imidacloprid, 1500 times of liquid mid-May or 20% mite, it is anti-eliminate aphis, wood louse, thrips,
Goitre mite and rust mite；
(3) 6~Augusts regard field pest and disease damage situation and carry out specific aim prevention and treatment：
1. aphid uses the red 2000 times of liquid of ear mite of 3% Acetamiprid, 2500 times of liquid+20% 600 times of liquid of+1.5% benziothiazolinone；
2. goitre mite is anti-using 1500 times of liquid of+10% imidacloprid of 20% pyridaben, 1500 times of liquid, 1500 times of liquid of+70% thiophanate methyl
It controls；
3. wood louse is using beneficial pear sucker 3000 times of liquid, the 2000 times of liquid of+34% pyridaben of 4.5% 1500 times of liquid of high Permethrin+1.8%
It is prevented and treated.
2. the fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that field planting cultivation
In step, construction criteriaization is colonized garden, including：Seeding row spacing is 1m × 2m or 1m × 3m, and field planting hole is length and width, is deeply respectively 45
~55cm, 45~55cm, 55~65cm, by field planting cheat in be added include organic fertilizer, forest or crop limb comminuting matter,
The improvement material of calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate improves the physical structure of field planting hole local soil.
3. the fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the improvement
The component of material each section is 0.029 side of 0.02 side of organic fertilizer/hole, forest or crop limb comminuting matter/hole, calcium superphosphate
The hole 0.45kg/, the hole potassium sulfate 0.09kg/, are uniformly mixed before application；Improvement implementation process includes the following steps：
The first step：Plant branch bar crushed material is spread fertilizer over the fields on the soil dug out when digging and formulating and plant hole；
Second step：The farmyard manure that cow dung, sheep dung mix is spread fertilizer over the fields on plant branch bar crushed material；
Third step：Ready fertilizer mixtures 0.54kg is spread fertilizer over the fields on the farmyard manure applied toward each having spread for pit edge of field planting again,
Wherein calcium superphosphate 0.45kg, potassium sulfate 0.09kg；
4th step：The fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields, farmyard manure, stalk and the soil dug out are applied while mixing in hole, until filling out
To apart near coal-mine 20cm.
4. the fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that field planting cultivation
Including preparing before being colonized, be colonized preceding preparation includes step：
1. seedling is planted：Leeward, drier place is selected to deep-cut 50~60cm temporary planting ditch before field planting in field planting garden, bottom of trench is flat,
Then downwards and ground is at 30 °~45° angle degree by the bare-root seeding root system pulled back, recline on the inside of temporary planting ditch, seedling puts thickness
5~10cm is spent, ditch cover will be planted with wet soil after setting and treaded, root system is buried completely；The seedling being planted is nestled up, is set up another
A line, then a row is put, until the temporary planting of all seedlings is finished, then covered at the top of fructus lycii seedling with straw screen or mat object, wait be colonized；
2. seedling is trimmed：Before planting seedlings, seedling is once trimmed, too long, injured, withered root segment is wiped out, cuts off root
The branch of excessive growth that more than portion rudiment bar and seedling bizet are, the root segment clip by rugosity in 0.1cm or more is smooth, seedling entire length
It is left 18~25cm；
3. chemicals treatment：The seedling root system clear water sheared is impregnated for 24 hours, then 20kg is watered with 1gABT3 root-inducing powder, adds
Enter a small amount of soil, be made into mud and be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.
5. the fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that field planting cultivation
Step further includes planting seedlings, and planting seedlings include：
1. transplanting：The mound of about 5cm or so first is piled up in the center in field planting hole with topsoil, then seedling root system is sitting in mound
Top is stretched seedling root system around, is filled with topsoil, gently steps on seedling surrounding soil when filling out half and cheating, then mentions seedling
Unfold root system, then fill up soil, carries out second and plant positive steady and sure, last until banket to seedling rootstock, i.e., " one, which mentions two, steps on three and fill out
Soil "；
2. putting a lodged plant upright：After the completion of planting seedlings, when field planting underground water point seeps dry, support frame is set up beside seedling in time and is fixed, Gu
After setting and bury exposed root system and smooth field planting hole；
It is planted 3. seedling is mended：In late May, the seedling not survived mend in time with temporary planting seedling and is planted.
6. the fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that tree body management
Step includes：
1. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control before rudiment：All seedlings in field planting garden, planting seedlings carry out whole strain with lime sulfur after the completion
It sprays primary；Seedling rudiment initial stage carries out whole strain and sprays goitre rust mite spraying only once again, carries out and becomes rusty in the fructus lycii field planting garden Yuan Quan
Mite and goitre rust mite are net to be effectively prevented；
2. fixed pole：It after plant, germinates, stablizes after surviving to fructus lycii seedling, the cutting back fixed pole culture the at 55~65cm of ground
One layer of tree body；
3. bud picking：After seedling germination is normal, the healthy and strong rudiment or young sprout that 3~4 are stretched around are selected and remain at the top of plant, are cultivated
First layer hat width mobile jib branch, and erase the dry branch not germinateed in time and have from ground to from tree trunk base portion and newly sprout and root turion
Seedling, so as to inspire it is new slightly, strong sprout；
4. pinching：New slightly length to be retained reaches 28~32cm and starts pinching, inspires side shoot, cultivates second layer hat width；Backward
The all upright or branch that grows obliquely is all erased in addition to other situations other than short covering or fixed pole retain.
7. the fructus lycii implantation methods based on peaceful Qi 6 and peaceful Qi 8 as described in any in claim 1 to 6, feature exist
In tree body pruning includes spring trimming, summer pruning and winter pruning；Wherein：
1. spring trims：It is carried out 4~May, wipes out plant rhizome at age tree-pruning using nature semicircle tree-shaped and sprout
The useless branch of excessive growth that hair branch and mobile jib, crown are born controls crown advantage；It removes in thorax and crosses branch in branch and canopy；It goes
Except the too low branch of tree crown lower layer, branch keeps the height of 20~30cm from the ground；Wipe out disease, worm, residual branch and the knot in canopy
Overstocked thin and delicate branch in fruit branch group；
2. summer pruning：Carried out in 5~September part, after fixed pole, mobile jib sprouting branch selected and remain into direction difference, and with mobile jib angle
Side shoot 3~4 between 30 °~40 ° are used as first layer skeleton branch, and side shoot cutting back at away from 15~20cm of mobile jib inspires two
Secondary side shoot；The secondary side shoot issued after cutting back is handled in two kinds of situation：
(1) all retain in principle to the flattened branch in two sides, overstocked removes；
(2) upright branch all removes in addition to for caving and short covering；
3. winter pruning：It is carried out November to second year March, to rudiment, the branch of excessive growth, close branch, disease pest branch, thin and delicate branch, cross
It wears branch and makees primary careful trimming；Remove the branch under trimming on residual blade and ground on tree crown.
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