CN101836571A - Method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of: (1) selecting a place with the altitude of 2000-2800m for field planting; (2) planning a medlar garden; (3) determining the planting specification; (4) preparing soil and applying fertilizer; (5) selecting seedlings; (6) selecting field-planting time; (7) determining a field-planting method; (8) covering the medlar garden; (9) combining rods of medlar sapling; (10) managing the medlar garden; (11) pruning medlar and preventing and treating diseases, pets and birds; and (12) picking the fruits of the medlar and drying for storage. By adopting methods of covering, preparing soil into shallow groove-shaped planting belts, applying rotten organic fertilizer heavily and controlling the degree of irrigation, the invention solves the production difficulties of increasing soil temperature and preventing salt return of soil and achieves the purpose of planting the medlar in the high-altitude saline-alkali soil.

Description

Cultivation method of Lycium barbarum in high altitude saline-alkali land

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating wolfberry, in particular to a method for cultivating wolfberry in high-altitude saline-alkali land.

Background technique

Saline-alkali land is widely distributed all over the world, covering 30 countries on six continents, with a total area of about 956 million hectares. There are 26 million hectares of various types of saline-alkali land in my country, mainly distributed in the North China Plain, Northeast Plain, northwest inland areas and coastal areas. The development and utilization of saline-alkali land is not only a research hotspot in my country, but also a worldwide research hotspot. The development and utilization of high-altitude saline-alkali land is the biggest problem, and its effective management is imminent.

Lycium barbarum is sweet in taste and flat in nature, and belongs to the liver and kidney channels. After analyzing and measuring the effective components in the extract of Lycium barbarum, it is found that it is rich in the following substances: polysaccharides, monosaccharides, betaine, fatty acids, proteins and polypeptides, vitamin B ₁ , vitamin B ₂ , vitamin C, 18 kinds of amino acids (including 8 kinds of essential amino acids), trace elements (calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron, manganese, phosphorus, etc.). In addition, according to the latest published Chinese Food Composition Table, the content of carotene in wolfberry is significantly higher than that of fruits and vegetables, and it also contains vitamin E, vitamin D, phospholipids and selenium; pharmacological studies have confirmed that wolfberry can regulate the body's immune function, It can effectively inhibit tumor growth and cell mutation, and has the functions of delaying aging, anti-fatty liver, regulating blood lipid and blood sugar, etc. Therefore, wolfberry has a certain therapeutic effect on diabetes, dyslipidemia, abnormal liver function, gastritis and so on. Goji berries are treasures all over the body. Goji berries can tonify deficiency and generate essence. They can be used as medicine or to make tea, wine, and stew. If you can drink them regularly, you can strengthen your body. The leaves, flowers and roots of wolfberry are also excellent food supplements. According to "New Materia Medica", the leaves of wolfberry are called "Tianjingcao", the flowers are called "Changshengcao", the fruit is called "Xiandiguo", and the root is called "Digupi", all of which have nourishing and strengthening effects.

With the rapid development of my country's economy and the continuous improvement of people's material living standards, the demand for health-care medicinal materials is increasing, and the contradiction between the cultivation of health-care Chinese medicinal materials and the competition for crops is becoming increasingly prominent. It can not only solve the contradiction with crops competing for land, but also realize the gradual improvement of saline-alkali land, which has great economic, ecological and social benefits; at the same time, it can solve problems such as resource utilization of saline-alkali land, maintenance of regional land security, food security and ecological security An effective way is provided.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Lycium barbarum in high-altitude saline-alkali land which is simple and easy to implement and low in cost.

In order to solve the above problems, a method for cultivating Lycium barbarum in high-altitude saline-alkali land of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Selection of colonization environment: the altitude of colonization is 2000-2800m; the soil is salinized desert irrigation and silt soil, its pH value is 6.5-8.5, the salinity is below 0.9%, and the groundwater level is below 1.5m;

(2) Lycium barbarum garden planning: select plots with convenient transportation, medium-to-high soil fertility, and convenient irrigation and drainage; and determine the planting direction as east-west;

(3) Determining the planting specification: select the dense planting dwarf type specification, the row spacing is 2-2.5m, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5m;

(4) Fertilization for soil preparation: plow the plot of the step (2) deeply once in July to August, and the plowing depth is 30cm, and arrange the land 15 to 30 days before planting, so that it becomes the lowest point along the planting behavior. For trough-shaped planting belts, the planting point is 10-20cm lower than the ground surface; then water well 7 days before transplanting, and after 3-5 days, dig a cylindrical pit with a diameter of 60-70cm and a depth of 80-70cm, and apply organic fertilizer in the pit;

(5) Seedling selection: choose the cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum twigs or hardwoods of Lycium barbarum with a height of 60-80 cm and a base diameter of 0.7-1.5 cm;

(6) Planting time: in autumn, wolfberry seedlings are completely deciduous, enter the dormant period, and plant before the soil is frozen;

(7) Planting method: put the seedlings of the step (5) in the planting pit dug in the step (4), put the root system straight, then bury the soil, wait for the soil and the pit to be normal, lift up Seedlings; then make sure that the filling height of the planting pit is consistent with the height of the ground;

(8) Lycium barbarum garden covering: use any one of sand, gravel, plastic film, and straw to cover;

(9) Combining stems of young wolfberry trees: In the summer of the first year after planting, a bamboo pole or branch of a tree with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 cm and a length of 1.5-2.0 m is selected and inserted on the side of the trunk of the wolfberry tree. rod;

(10) Lycium barbarum garden management: during the growing period of wolfberry, weeding, watering and topdressing the wolfberry garden;

(11) Lycium barbarum pruning and prevention and control of diseases, insects and bird damage;

(12) Lycium barbarum fruit picking, dry storage.

The organic fertilizer in the step (4) is decomposed sheep manure and diammonium phosphorus; wherein 1000-1500 kg of sheep manure and 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphorus are applied per 667 m ^{2 of} land.

The sand in the step (8) refers to the mixed sand with a particle size of 1-4 cm.

The watering in the step (10) refers to watering once in the germination stage, initial flowering stage, fruiting stage and winter freezing stage of Lycium barbarum berries in spring, and the irrigation is fixed at 80-90m ³ /667m ² each time.

Topdressing in the step (10) refers to carrying out after falling leaves in autumn and before budding in spring every year, applying 2000-2500kg fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 20-30kg urea per ^667m2 , digging 20cm deep and 30cm wide along the crown projection The annular ditch is buried.

Lycium barbarum pruning time in the described step (11) is carried out before the young buds germinate in early spring.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. Since the present invention adopts methods such as covering, preparing the ground into a shallow groove-shaped planting belt, reapplying decomposed organic fertilizers, and controlling the amount of irrigation, it solves the production problems of increasing soil temperature and preventing soil from returning to salt in high-altitude saline-alkali land, thereby realizing Achieved the purpose of growing wolfberry in high-altitude saline-alkali land.

2, the wolfberry that adopts the method for planting of the present invention can produce the dry fruit of wolfberry 50～60kg/mu in the same year, according to the current market price of 30 yuan/kg, the output value per mu is 1500～1800 yuan; the dried fruit of wolfberry produced per mu in the second year is 100～130kg, The output value per mu is 3,000-3,900 yuan; in the third year, the dried wolfberry fruit yield is 150-200kg per mu, and the output value per mu is 4,500-6,000 yuan; in the fourth year, it enters the full fruit period, and the dried wolfberry fruit yield per mu is more than 250kg, and the output value per mu reaches more than 7,500 yuan.

3. The invention is easy to implement and low in cost, and can be widely used in the fields of agricultural production in saline-alkali land, cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, comprehensive management of saline-alkali land, and the like.

Detailed ways

A method for cultivating wolfberry in high-altitude saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

(1) Selection of colonization environment: the altitude of colonization is 2000-2800m; the soil suitable for cultivation is saline desert irrigation and silt soil, its pH value is 6.5-8.5, the salinity is below 0.9%, and the groundwater level is 1.5m Below, the lower the better.

(2) Lycium barbarum garden planning: Choose plots with convenient transportation, medium-to-high soil fertility, and convenient drainage and irrigation; in order to make full use of light resources for young or adult wolfberries and prevent shading, determine the planting direction as east-west.

(3) Determine the planting specifications: Lycium barbarum is a shrub fruit tree, choose a densely planted dwarf type, the row spacing is 2-2.5m, and the plant spacing is 1-1.5m, which not only ensures the high yield of young orchards, but also takes into account the adult Lycium barbarum orchard At the same time, it is beneficial to field operations such as cultivating, weeding, fertilizing and fruit picking. ;

(4) Fertilization for soil preparation: Deeply plow the plot of step (2) once in July to August, and the depth of plowing is 30cm. It is advisable not to turn out the gravel in the lower layer of the soil, and arrange the land 15 to 30 days before planting. Make it into a trough-shaped planting belt along the lowest point of the planting behavior, and the planting point is 10-20cm lower than the ground surface; after fine soil preparation, a good soil layer with flat ground, fine soil, sufficient moisture, and empty top and bottom solid is achieved.

Irrigate water 7 days before transplanting, and after 3 to 5 days, dig a cylindrical pit with a diameter of 60 to 70 cm and a depth of 80 to 70 cm, and apply organic fertilizer in the pit; wherein the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure and diammonium phosphorus; 1000-1500kg of sheep manure and 20-25kg of diammonium phosphate were applied to 667m2 land.

(5) Selection of seedlings: choose Lycium barbarum twig cutting seedlings or Lycium barbarum hard branch cutting seedlings with a height of 60-80 cm and a base diameter of 0.7-1.5 cm.

(6) Planting time: In order to significantly increase the survival rate and the fruiting rate of the year, the wolfberry seedlings are completely deciduous in autumn, enter the dormant period, and plant before the soil is frozen.

(7) Planting method: put the seedlings of step (5) in the planting pit dug in step (4), put the root system straight, then bury the soil, wait for the soil and the pit to be normal, lift the seedlings upwards, but plant The roots of the seedlings should not be exposed to the ground; then be firm so that the filling height of the planting pit is consistent with the height of the ground.

(8) Lycium barbarum garden covering: Use any one of sand, gravel, plastic film, and straw for covering; the thickness of sand, gravel or straw covering is 4-8cm, and the plastic film is ordinary commercially available plastic film, with a film width of 80cm and a thickness of 0.006mm. Laminate on both sides, seam in the middle and press on both sides tightly.

Among them, sand refers to the mixed sand with a particle size of 1 to 4 cm.

(9) Goji berry saplings juxtaposed: Young goji berry branches are soft and difficult to grow upright. Therefore, in the first summer of the peak growth period, choose bamboo stalks or tree branches with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 cm and a length of 1.5-2.0 m. Insert it on the side of the wolfberry tree trunk, straighten the drooping main trunk branches and tie them to the bamboo poles or tree branches with cloth strips, and combine the poles to cultivate a good tree shape and improve its wind resistance and lodging resistance.

(10) Lycium barbarum garden management: during the growing period of wolfberry, weeding, watering and topdressing the wolfberry garden;

Weeding in Lycium barbarum garden: Lycium barbarum from sprouting to autumn branches and leaves withering is a period of serious weed damage. Weeds have a great impact on the growth and production of Lycium barbarum. In order to prevent weeds from competing with Lycium barbarum for fertilizer, water and glory, If it affects the growth and high yield of the wolfberry garden, weeding and cultivating should be done.

Lycium barbarum irrigation: Lycium barbarum needs sufficient water during the growth period, and the soil should be kept moist. If the water source is abundant, water can be irrigated once in the spring germination period, initial flowering period, fruiting period and winter freezing period, and the fixed irrigation rate is 80-90m ³ /667m ² each time. Prevent stagnant water when irrigating. If there is too much stagnant water, it will often cause the occurrence of wolfberry root rot and cause death.

Goji berry topdressing: after leaf fall in autumn and before germination in spring every year, apply 2000-2500kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 20-30kg of urea per ^667m2 , and dig a 20cm deep and 30cm wide annular ditch along the projection of the tree crown to bury it. Improve fertilizer efficiency and promote the growth of wolfberry.

(11) Lycium barbarum pruning: Lycium barbarum pruning time is carried out before the sprouts sprout in early spring, and can be pruned in summer and autumn when necessary. The principle of pruning is: cultivate the main trunk, remove the inside and leave the outside, remove the tender and leave the hard, remove the sagging and leave the straight.

Prevention and control of diseases, insects and bird damage of wolfberry: there are many diseases in the growing period of wolfberry, the main diseases are wolfberry anthracnose, wolfberry gummosis, wolfberry root rot, etc.; insect pests include wolfberry aphids, wolfberry gall mites, wolfberry Rust mites, Lycium barbarum tortoise shell, Lycium barbarum tortoise, Lycium barbarum flea beetle, Lycium barbarum fruit fly, Lycium barbarum slug, etc. In addition, wolfberry fruit is a berry with high sugar content, and it is often harmed by sparrows in the mature stage. When the damage occurs, depending on the degree of damage, lime sulfur mixture and high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides can be used for prevention and control; when pests occur, insecticides are used for control, and in the early stage of pests, use 1000 times of dichlorvos and 800 times of omethoate to spray alternately for 2~ 3 times, the pests can be effectively controlled.

GAP has strict requirements on the use of pesticides. In order to ensure quality, green control of pests and diseases should be advocated, that is, sticky aphid yellow board, frequency vibration black light, sugar acid solution and biological pesticides should be used when pests occur. prevention, etc. In view of the situation that sparrows endanger the wolfberry garden, we adopt the construction of shed nets to prevent and control, and avoid the use of pesticides. The specifications of the shed net construction depend on the plot.

(12) Lycium barbarum fruit picking, dry storage:

Mature fresh goji berries are harvested and dried in the sun. After dehydration to below 13% water content, they should be stored in fresh-keeping plastic bags that can be sealed immediately.

Claims (6)

1. method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil may further comprise the steps:

(1) field planting environmental selection: the field planting height above sea level is 2000～2800m; Soil is saliferous desert anthropogenic-alluvial soil, and its pH value is 6.5～8.5, and saline and alkaline is below 0.9%, and subterranean water level is below 1.5m;

(2) matrimony vine garden planning: select to have a good transport service, in the soil fertility on, row irrigation is the plot easily; And determine to plant the row to for thing capable to;

(3) determine the specification of planting: select dense planting dwarf-type specification, its line-spacing is 2～2.5m, and spacing in the rows is 1～1.5m;

(4) site preparation and fertilization: with the plot of described step (2) when 7～August deep ploughing once, tilling depth is 30cm, and in preceding 15～30 days arrangement soils of planting, it is become along the flute profile planting belt of the behavior minimum point of planting, the field planting point is lower than the face of land 10～20cm; Transplant then and irritated water in preceding 7 days, after 3～5 days, dig diameter 60～70cm, the cylindrical hole of the degree of depth 80～70cm, organic fertilizer material in the hole;

(5) seedling is selected: selecting height is that 60～80cm, base footpath are matrimony vine epicormic branch cuttage seedling or the matrimony vine cuttage seedling of 0.7～1.5cm;

(6) the field planting time: the matrimony vine seedling is fallen leaves fully in the fall, enters resting stage, plants before soil is freeze-up;

(7) field planting method: the seedling of described step (5) is put in the field planting hole of digging in the described step (4), and root system is put directly suitable, buries soil then, waits soil and hole at ordinary times, upwards carries seedling; Steady and sure then, make the depth of fill in field planting hole consistent with ground level;

(8) the matrimony vine garden covers: any one in employing sandstone, mulch film, the stalk covers;

(9) matrimony vine treelet and bar: planting back 1 year peak of growing season in summer, the selection diameter is that 1.5～2.0cm, length are bamboo bar or the tree limb of 1.5～2.0m, is inserted in matrimony vine trunk limit and carries out also bar;

(10) matrimony vine garden management: the matrimony vine growing period, to the weeding of matrimony vine garden, pour water and topdress;

(11) control of matrimony vine pruning and disease, worm, bird pest;

(12) Chinese wolfberry fruit harvesting, dry storage.

2. method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the organic manure in the described step (4) is sheep excrement and phosphorus two ammoniums that become thoroughly decomposed; Wherein by every 667m2 soil sheep excrement execute 1000～1500kg, phosphorus two ammoniums are executed 20～25kg.

3. method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the sandstone in the described step (8) is meant that selecting particle diameter for use is the mixing sand grains of 1～4cm.

4. method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: pouring water in the described step (10) was meant in matrimony vine budding period in spring, initial bloom stage, achievement phase and period of freezing winter in winter respectively irritates water one time, and irrigating fixes is each 80～90m ³/ 667m ²

5. method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: topdressing in the described step (10) is meant behind the fall foliage in every year He before the rudiment in spring carries out every 667m ²Execute fertilizer, 20～30kg urea that 2000～2500kg fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, excavate 20cm annular groove dark, that 30cm is wide along the tree crown projection and imbed.

6. method for planting medlar in high-altitude saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the time of pruning of the matrimony vine in the described step (11) carries out before early spring, young shoot was sprouted.