CN104303940A - High-yield fructus gardeniae cultivation method - Google Patents

High-yield fructus gardeniae cultivation method Download PDF

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CN104303940A
CN104303940A CN201410653027.0A CN201410653027A CN104303940A CN 104303940 A CN104303940 A CN 104303940A CN 201410653027 A CN201410653027 A CN 201410653027A CN 104303940 A CN104303940 A CN 104303940A
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planting
soil
fertilizer
root
cutting
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CN104303940B (en
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徐华龙
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield fructus gardeniae cultivation method. The high-yield fructus gardeniae cultivation method comprises (1) seedling raising, including a, selecting and preparing a nursery land, b, selecting, collecting and treating cuttings, and c, performing cottage, (2) selection and preparation of an afforestation land, including a, selecting and b preparing, (3) planting, including a, deciding the planting time, b, pretreating the seedlings to be planted and c, planting, (4) nursing management, including a, intertillage and weeding and b, pruning for shaping, (5) fertilizer application management, and (6) comprehensive control of plant diseases and insect pests. The high-yield fructus gardeniae cultivation method has the beneficial effects that the cultivation method is scientific and practical, the cultivated fructus gardenia is tidy in forest stand, the seedlings grow quickly, a high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residual toxicity pesticide is applied, less plant diseases and insect pests appear, the fruits of fructus gardenia are large and full, bright in peel and mature in order, and the yield per mu is increased by 0.5-1 time.

Description

A kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Water cape jasmine is Rubiaceae evergreen shrubs, and its fruit has natural xanthein, of many uses in food medicine and chemical engineering industry.As extracting the raw water cape jasmine of natural colouring matter, market demand, with annual 20 ~ 30% speed increases, especially Korea S, Japan and Taiwan, all will be expected to rise from China's import large water gaging Cape jasmine raw material, market conditions every year, and wild resource supply falls short of demand.Therefore, artificial cultivation water cape jasmine economic benefits.
The main modes of reproduction of water cape jasmine has three kinds: seminal propagation, cottage propagation and division propagation, wherein more with cottage propagation, because cottage propagation nursery stage is short, the uniformity of offspring is good, can pass on the merit of maternal plant to greatest extent, it is the main modes of reproduction of economic fruit tree, and seed belongs to sexual propagation, the offspring of sexual propagation there will be variation in various degree, and existing cottage propagation is divided into two classes, one class is land for growing field crops breeding, and another kind of is seedbed breeding.
In recent years, find in the cultivation to water cape jasmine, the Cape jasmine fruit of its cultivation is less, and Cape jasmine fruit size is even not, standing forest regularity is poor, and the output of Cape jasmine fruit is not high enough, and improper fertilization, also add planting cost, the prophylactico-therapeutic measures in addition for damage by disease and insect be perfect not, science, cause fruit-setting rate low.
Summary of the invention
For exist in existing cultivation method the problems referred to above, the present invention aims to provide a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method, and this cultivation method science is practical, the water cape jasmine standing forest cultivated is neat, and damage by disease and insect is few, and Cape jasmine fruit is large and full, epidermis light, ripe neat, per mu yield improves 0.5 ~ 1 times.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) nursery:
The selection of a, nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the good sandy loam of soil property or light loam, bed is made by the end of February to whole at the beginning of 3 months, wide 1.0m ~ the 1.2m in seedbed, dark 25cm ~ 30cm, and execute the pig cow dung 15000 ~ 25000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal 2, Ling Shi Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing composite fertilizer 1300 ~ 1800 kg/hm 2, additional quicklime powder 200 ~ 400 kg/hm 2uniform spreading spills, and sprays 1 ~ 3% copperas solution sterilization, and executes 15 ~ 30 kg/hm 2insecticide;
The selection of b, cuttings, sampling and processing: choose 2 years healthy and strong branches of life, 8 collections before in morning every day, cutting length about 14 ~ 16cm, every root cutting retains 3 ~ 4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 3 ~ 5cm of cutting lower end, and the blade of middle and upper part retains, be put into moisturizing in clear water in time, cuttings lower ends are steeped, soak time 5 ~ 10s, immersion depth 2.5 ~ 3.5cm with ATP root-inducing powder No. 1 500 times of liquid or by root-inducing powder No. 2 1000 times of immersions;
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, straight cutting method is adopted to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, cuttings lower end is cut into inclined-plane, clip is level and smooth, and the blade in the 3 ~ 5cm of cutting lower end is removed, before cuttage, smear plant growth regulator to below cuttings, cutting density is 15cm × 20cm or 15cm × 25cm;
(2) selection of planting site and arrangement:
A, selection: choose the acid reddish yellow soil to neutrality as planting site, this planting site requires to adapt to more than-5 DEG C temperature;
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, adopt entirely cultivate or the whole ground in spot soil preparation, fish scale pit or horizontal ditch wholely, entirely cultivate or the dark 50 ~ 60cm in spot soil preparation specification ground, wide 50 ~ 60cm, fish scale pit wholely with horizontal ditch whole ground specification, the deeply equal 30 ~ 40cm in ground, wide equal 30 ~ 40cm;
(3) plant:
A, to plant the time: select late Febuary ~ early March between plant, and select before rain, cloudy day or light rain weather transplants;
B, seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants seedling uniformly, before planting, branch and root are pruned, then mix yellow mud with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root;
C, planting system: before planting, in every cave, apply 3 ~ 5kg decomposed manure, 0.1 ~ 0.3kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, quicklime powder 30 ~ 50g and appropriate 0.5% borax mixing apply, mix thoroughly with subsoil, the thick ground surface soil of upper cover 8 ~ 12cm, every cave one strain, ridging is steady and sure, and surface coverage one deck loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m or 2m × 2.5m;
(4) tending management:
A, intertill and clean tillage: once loosened the soil and weeding every 3 ~ 4 months then after cultivation, from Second Year, annual spring and summer intertill and clean tillage in autumn once, is entirely cultivated weeding winter and earths up once;
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 20 ~ 30cm place, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3 ~ 5 major branches, and be evenly distributed to surrounding, the height of tree controls between 160 ~ 180cm;
(5) fertilizing management: be divided into the florescence to apply fertilizer, root applies fertilizer and winter applies fertilizer;
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively pasteurised completely is carried out to the soil of the root of nursery stock of planting, leaf portion and nursery stock of planting.
Further improvement of the present invention is: plant growth regulator described in described step (1) " nursery " is the one in heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate or 2,4-D threes.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described step (5) " fertilizing management ", and florescence fertilising is divided into full-bloom stage to apply fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays the mixed liquor of 0.15% borax and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in blade face; Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1 ~ 2 time 50 × 10 every 10 ~ 15d -6the mixed liquor of gibberellin, 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in described step (5) " fertilizing management ", and root fertilising is that every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50 ~ 100g before plant germinates, summer fruit development period, every strain imposes 80 ~ 100g composite fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2 ~ 3kg.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in described step (5) " fertilizing management ", and fertilising in winter, along the outer ditching-fertilizing ridging of tree crown drip, imposes fertilizer 25000 ~ 30000kg/hm 2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 350 ~ 400 kg/hm 2fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 200 ~ 400 kg/hm 2quicklime powder.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in described step (5) in " fertilizing management ", treating before afforestation closing can the leguminous plant of short stem such as intercropping peanut, soybean, after results, treats that listless being turned over of stalk is buried in soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: first, the present invention sets about from nursery, the strict management of science is carried out to nursery stage, whole the nursery making bed is applied fertilizers scientifically, and applying of quicklime powder is increased in the process of fertilising, applying of quicklime powder mainly prevents soil too acidifying, and the most suitable PH of growth of water cape jasmine is 4.5 ~ 5.5, soil belongs to faintly acid, therefore the pH value that quicklime powder can regulate soil is added, good facilitation is played to the growth of water cape jasmine, simultaneously, comprehensively killing is carried out to its soil, ensure that cuttage seeding can grow preferably, and, the seeding row spacing of cuttage seeding is improved to 15 × 20cm or 15 × 25cm, the change of seeding row spacing, not only make the growth of cuttage seeding more vigorous, nursery stock is neat, healthy and strong, high-quality, and reduce the usage amount of cuttage seeding, add economic benefit, nursery step is that the high yield of afforestation has made good place mat, in addition, in the cultivation of planting site, employing is planted, tending management, the step such as fertilizing management and integrated pest prevention and control, accomplish to become more meticulous and the management of science, under the research long-term to water cape jasmine, obtain it grow optimum pH value, absorb the fastest, best Fertilizer Combination, make water cape jasmine standing forest neat, the Cape jasmine fruit produced is large and full, epidermis light, per mu yield improves 0.5 times ~ 1 times, planting system is also improved, 3 ~ 5kg decomposed manure is applied in every cave, 0.1 ~ 0.3kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, quicklime powder 30 ~ 50g and appropriate 0.5% borax mixing apply, mix thoroughly with subsoil, the thick ground surface soil of upper cover 8 ~ 12cm, every cave one strain, ridging is steady and sure, surface coverage one deck loosens the soil, planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m or 2m × 2.5m, with suitably adding of quicklime powder, avoid water cape jasmine root soil slant acidity, and in cave, apply suitable Fertilizer Combination, guarantee that the various nutriments in soil can both be absorbed, in addition, in the integrated control of damage by disease and insect, suit the remedy to the case for the various damage by disease and insect in water cape jasmine process of growth, the control of damage by disease and insect is more thorough, the fruit substandard products of output are lower, and the growth stage of whole fruit also shortens.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
embodiment one:
A kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery:
The selection of a, nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the good sandy loam of soil property or light loam, makes bed, the wide 1.2m in seedbed, dark 30cm to whole at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, and executes the pig cow dung 25000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal 2, Ling Shi Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing composite fertilizer 1800 kg/hm 2, additional quicklime powder 400 kg/hm 2uniform spreading spills, and sprays 1 ~ 3% copperas solution sterilization, and executes 30 kg/hm 2insecticide;
The selection of b, cuttings, sampling and processing: choose 2 years healthy and strong branches of life, gather between 7 o'clock to 8 o'clock morning of every day, cutting about length 16cm, every root cutting retains 3 ~ 4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 5cm of cutting lower end, and the blade of middle and upper part retains, be put into moisturizing in clear water in time, with ATP root-inducing powder No. 2 1000 times of immersions bubble cuttings lower ends, soak time 10s, immersion depth 3.5cm;
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, adopt straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, and during cuttage, below being cut into cuttings lower end, clip is level and smooth, and before cuttage, smear 2 to below cuttings, 4-D, cutting density is 15cm × 25cm;
(2) selection of planting site and arrangement:
A, selection: choose that draining is good, the soil is porous, fertile acidity to neutral reddish yellow soil and physical features flat terrain as planting site, choose;
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, the smooth area of physical features is applicable to employing and entirely cultivates or spot soil preparation, entirely cultivates or spot soil preparation specification ground dark 50 ~ 60cm, wide 50 ~ 60cm;
(3) plant:
A, to plant the time: select late Febuary ~ early March between plant, and select to transplant before rain;
B, seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants seedling uniformly, before planting, branch and root are pruned, then mix yellow mud with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root, ensure that root has sufficient nutrition supply;
C, planting system: before planting, in every cave, execute 5kg decomposed manure, 0.3kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, quicklime powder 50g and appropriate 0.5% borax mixing apply, mix thoroughly with subsoil, the thick ground surface soil of upper cover 12cm, every cave one strain, ridging is steady and sure, and surface coverage one deck loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 2.5m;
(4) tending management:
A, intertill and clean tillage: once loosened the soil and weeding every 3 ~ 4 months then after cultivation, from Second Year, annual spring and summer intertill and clean tillage in autumn once, is entirely cultivated weeding winter and earths up once;
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 30cm place, after lateral bud grows, cultivating 3 major branches, and be evenly distributed to surrounding, height of tree 180cm, by pruning, cultivating the globular model tree crown that nursery stock is unfolded to surrounding;
(5) fertilizing management: be divided into the florescence to apply fertilizer, root applies fertilizer and winter applies fertilizer, " fertilizing management ", florescence fertilising is divided into full-bloom stage to apply fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays the mixed liquor of 0.15% borax and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in blade face; Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1 ~ 2 time 50 × 10 every 15d -6the mixed liquor of gibberellin, 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three, root fertilising is before plant germinates, every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 100g, summer fruit development period, every strain imposes 100g composite fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 3kg, fertilising in winter, along the outer ditching-fertilizing ridging of tree crown drip, imposes fertilizer 30000kg/hm 2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 400 kg/hm 2fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 400 kg/hm 2quicklime powder; Treat intercropping soybean before afforestation closing, after results, treat soybean stalk listless turned over to bury in soil do natural fertilizers;
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively pasteurised completely is carried out to the soil of the root of nursery stock of planting, leaf portion and nursery stock of planting; Premorbid, i.e. mid-May and early August, spray 50% topsin, 1000 times of liquid or 1:1:100 times of liquid bordeaux mixture, every 15d once, continuous 2 times ~ 3 times, prevent brown line pinta; Larva three sprayed the bacillus thuringiensis,Bt of every milligram of bacteria containing amount 0.5 hundred million ~ 100,000,000 before age, eliminate the wild snout moth's larva of treble cut; Foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.3% copperas solution, 1 time weekly, connects spray 3 times, and prevention blade face chrysanthemum is sick; Winter cleans wooden land, and spring loosens the soil, and eliminates winter pupa; Wormed fruit is extractd in time in conjunction with flower and fruit thinning.Spray with 25% dimehypo, 200 ~ 300 times of dilutions or 90% chlorophos, 1200 times of dilutions, bud, fruit phase use high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, eliminate hairstreak; 60 ~ 80 times of liquid spraying controls of a red-spotted lizard mite are killed with 20% in young initial stage in age a red-spotted lizard 1 age Mo 2, egg hatching latter stage, or with 10% Buprofezin, 1000 times of liquid, or the rosin mixture of 10 times, Lime Sulphur To Control during clear garden, elimination ceroplastes floridensis shell worm.
embodiment two:a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method,
(1) nursery:
The selection of a, nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the good sandy loam of soil property or light loam, makes bed, the wide 1.1m in seedbed, dark 28cm to whole at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, and executes the pig cow dung 20000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal 2, Ling Shi Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing composite fertilizer 1500 kg/hm 2, additional quicklime powder 300kg/hm 2uniform spreading spills, and sprays 1 ~ 3% copperas solution sterilization, and executes 22 kg/hm 2soil insect killed by chlorophos;
The selection of b, cuttings, sampling and processing: choose 2 years healthy and strong branches of life, 6 o'clock to 7 o'clock morning of every day gathers, cutting about length 15cm, every root cutting retains 3 ~ 4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 4cm of cutting lower end, and the blade of middle and upper part retains, be put into moisturizing in clear water in time, with ATP root-inducing powder No. 1 500 times of immersions bubble cuttings lower end, soak time 8s, immersion depth 3cm;
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, adopt straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, cuttings lower end is cut into inclined-plane, clip is level and smooth, and before cuttage, smear methyl α-naphthyl acetate to below cuttings, cutting density is 15cm × 20cm;
(2) selection of planting site and arrangement:
A, selection: choose that draining is good, the soil is porous, fertile acidity to neutral reddish yellow soil and area, gentle slope, mountain area and hilly area, hilllock as planting site;
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, adopt horizontal ditch whole for area, gentle slope, mountain area and area, hilly area, hilllock, horizontal ditch whole ground specification, the dark 30 ~ 40cm in ground, wide 30 ~ 40cm;
(3) plant:
A, to plant the time: select late Febuary ~ early March between plant, and select to transplant at light rain weather;
B, seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants seedling uniformly, before planting, branch and root are pruned, then mix yellow mud with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root;
C, planting system: before planting, in every cave, apply 4kg decomposed manure, 0.2kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, quicklime powder 40g and appropriate 0.5% borax mixing apply, mix thoroughly with subsoil, the thick ground surface soil of upper cover 10cm, every cave one strain, ridging is steady and sure, and surface coverage one deck loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 2m;
(4) tending management:
A, intertill and clean tillage: once loosened the soil and weeding every 3 ~ 4 months then after cultivation, from Second Year, annual spring and summer intertill and clean tillage in autumn once, is entirely cultivated weeding winter and earths up once;
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 25cm place, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3 ~ 5 major branches, and be evenly distributed to surrounding, height of tree 170cm;
(5) fertilizing management: be divided into the florescence to apply fertilizer, root applies fertilizer and winter applies fertilizer, " fertilizing management ", florescence fertilising is divided into full-bloom stage to apply fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays the mixed liquor of 0.15% borax and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in blade face; Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1 ~ 2 time 50 × 10 every 12d -6the mixed liquor of gibberellin, 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three, root fertilising is before plant germinates, every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 70g, summer fruit development period, every strain imposes 90g composite fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2.5kg, fertilising in winter, along the outer ditching-fertilizing ridging of tree crown drip, imposes fertilizer 28000kg/hm 2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 380 kg/hm 2fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 300 kg/hm 2quicklime powder; Treat intercropping soybean before afforestation closing, after results, treat that listless being turned over of soybean stalk is buried in soil, do natural fertilizers;
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively pasteurised completely is carried out to the soil of the root of nursery stock of planting, leaf portion and nursery stock of planting; Premorbid, i.e. mid-May and early August, spray 50% topsin, 1000 times of liquid or 1:1:100 times of liquid bordeaux mixture, every 15d once, continuous 2 times ~ 3 times, prevent brown line pinta; Larva three sprayed the bacillus thuringiensis,Bt of every milligram of bacteria containing amount 0.5 hundred million ~ 100,000,000 before age, eliminate the wild snout moth's larva of treble cut; Foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.3% copperas solution, 1 time weekly, connects spray 3 times, and prevention page chrysanthemum is sick; Winter cleans wooden land, and spring loosens the soil, and eliminates winter pupa; Wormed fruit is extractd in time in conjunction with flower and fruit thinning.Spray with 25% dimehypo, 200 ~ 300 times of dilutions or 90% chlorophos, 1200 times of dilutions,
Bud, fruit phase use high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, eliminate hairstreak; 60 ~ 80 times of liquid spraying controls of a red-spotted lizard mite are killed with 20% in young initial stage in age a red-spotted lizard 1 age Mo 2, egg hatching latter stage, or with 10% Buprofezin, 1000 times of liquid, or the rosin mixture of 10 times, Lime Sulphur To Control during clear garden, elimination ceroplastes floridensis shell worm.
embodiment three:
(1) nursery:
The selection of a, nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the good sandy loam of soil property or light loam, makes bed, the wide 1.0m in seedbed, dark 25cm to whole at the beginning of 3 months by the end of February, and executes the pig cow dung 15000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal 2, Ling Shi Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing composite fertilizer 1300 kg/hm 2, additional quicklime powder 200 kg/hm 2uniform spreading spills, and quicklime powder can help to regulate the pH value of soil, the pH value alleviating soil due to fertilizer to apply acidity comparatively strong, spray 1 ~ 3% copperas solution sterilization, and execute 15 kg/hm 2soil insect killed by chlorophos;
The selection of b, cuttings, sampling and processing: choose 2 years healthy and strong branches of life, gathered before 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock morning of every day, the cuttings before morning 8 is energetic, and vitality is more vigorous, cutting about length 14cm, every root cutting retains 3 ~ 4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 3cm of cutting lower end, and the blade of middle and upper part retains, be put into moisturizing in clear water in time, with ATP root-inducing powder No. 1 500 times of immersions bubble cuttings lower end, soak time 5s, immersion depth 2.5cm;
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, adopt straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, cuttings lower end is cut into inclined-plane, clip is level and smooth, before cuttage, smear heteroauxin to below cuttings, and promote root growth, cutting density is 15cm × 20cm;
(2) selection of planting site and arrangement:
A, selection: choose that draining is good, the soil is porous, fertile acidity to neutral reddish yellow soil and the hilly country on a varied topography, abrupt slope, deserted mountain as planting site;
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, for employing fish scale pit, with a varied topography, that barren hillside is steep area wholely, whole ground, fish scale pit specification, the dark 30 ~ 40cm in ground, wide 30 ~ 40cm;
(3) plant:
A, to plant the time: select late Febuary ~ early March between plant, and select before rain, cloudy day or light rain weather transplants;
B, seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants seedling uniformly, before planting, branch and root are pruned, then mix yellow mud with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root;
C, planting system: before planting, in every cave, apply 3kg decomposed manure, 0.1kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, quicklime powder 30g and appropriate 0.5% borax mixing apply, mix thoroughly with subsoil, the thick ground surface soil of upper cover 8cm, every cave one strain, ridging is steady and sure, and surface coverage one deck loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m;
(4) tending management:
A, intertill and clean tillage: once loosened the soil and weeding every 3 ~ 4 months then after cultivation, from Second Year, annual spring and summer intertill and clean tillage in autumn once, is entirely cultivated weeding winter and earths up once;
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 20cm place, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3 ~ 5 major branches, and be evenly distributed to surrounding, height of tree 160cm;
(5) fertilizing management: be divided into the florescence to apply fertilizer, root applies fertilizer and winter applies fertilizer, " fertilizing management ", florescence fertilising is divided into full-bloom stage to apply fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays the mixed liquor of 0.15% borax and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in blade face; Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1 ~ 2 time 50 × 10 every 10d -6the mixed liquor of gibberellin, 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three, root fertilising is before plant germinates, every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50 ~ 100g, summer fruit development period, every strain imposes 80g composite fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2kg, fertilising in winter, along the outer ditching-fertilizing ridging of tree crown drip, imposes fertilizer 25000kg/hm 2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 350 kg/hm 2fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 200 kg/hm 2quicklime powder; Before treating afforestation closing can intercropping peanut, after results, treat that listless being turned over of peanut straw is buried in soil, do natural fertilizers;
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively pasteurised completely is carried out to the soil of the root of nursery stock of planting, leaf portion and nursery stock of planting; Premorbid, i.e. mid-May and early August, spray 50% topsin, 1000 times of liquid or 1:1:100 times of liquid bordeaux mixture, every 12d once, continuous 2 times ~ 3 times, prevent brown line pinta; Larva three sprayed the bacillus thuringiensis,Bt of every milligram of bacteria containing amount 0.5 hundred million ~ 100,000,000 before age, eliminate the wild snout moth's larva of treble cut; Foliage-spray 0.2% ~ 0.3% copperas solution, 1 time weekly, connects spray 3 times, and prevention page chrysanthemum is sick; Winter cleans wooden land, and spring loosens the soil, and eliminates winter pupa; Wormed fruit is extractd in time in conjunction with flower and fruit thinning.Spray with 25% dimehypo, 200 ~ 300 times of dilutions or 90% chlorophos, 1200 times of dilutions,
Bud, fruit phase use high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, eliminate hairstreak; 60 ~ 80 times of liquid spraying controls of a red-spotted lizard mite are killed with 20% in young initial stage in age a red-spotted lizard 1 age Mo 2, egg hatching latter stage, or with 10% Buprofezin, 1000 times of liquid, or the rosin mixture of 10 times, Lime Sulphur To Control during clear garden, elimination ceroplastes floridensis shell worm.

Claims (6)

1. a water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery:
The selection of a, nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the good sandy loam of soil property or light loam, bed is made by the end of February to whole at the beginning of 3 months, wide 1.0m ~ the 1.2m in seedbed, dark 25cm ~ 30cm, and execute the pig cow dung 15000 ~ 25000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal 2, Ling Shi Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing composite fertilizer 1300 ~ 1800 kg/hm 2, additional quicklime powder 200 ~ 400 kg/hm 2uniform spreading spills, and sprays 1 ~ 3% copperas solution sterilization, and executes 15 ~ 30 kg/hm 2insecticide;
The selection of b, cuttings, sampling and processing: choose 2 years healthy and strong branches of life, 8 collections before in morning every day, cutting length about 14 ~ 16cm, every root cutting retains 3 ~ 4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 3 ~ 5cm of cutting lower end, and the blade of middle and upper part retains, be put into moisturizing in clear water in time, cuttings lower ends are steeped, soak time 5 ~ 10s, immersion depth 2.5 ~ 3.5cm with ATP root-inducing powder No. 1 500 times of liquid or by root-inducing powder No. 2 1000 times of immersions;
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, straight cutting method is adopted to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, cuttings lower end is cut into inclined-plane, clip is level and smooth, and the blade in the 3 ~ 5cm of cutting lower end is removed, before cuttage, smear plant growth regulator to below cuttings, cutting density is 15cm × 20cm or 15cm × 25cm;
(2) selection of planting site and arrangement:
A, selection: choose the acid reddish yellow soil to neutrality as planting site, planting site requires to adapt to more than-5 DEG C temperature;
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, adopt entirely cultivate or the whole ground in spot soil preparation, fish scale pit or horizontal ditch wholely, entirely cultivate or the dark 50 ~ 60cm in spot soil preparation specification ground, wide 50 ~ 60cm, fish scale pit wholely with horizontal ditch whole ground specification, the deeply equal 30 ~ 40cm in ground, wide equal 30 ~ 40cm;
(3) plant:
A, to plant the time: select late Febuary ~ early March between plant, and select before rain, cloudy day or light rain weather transplants;
B, seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants seedling uniformly, before planting, branch and root are pruned, then mix yellow mud with fused calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root;
C, planting system: before planting, in every cave, apply 3 ~ 5kg decomposed manure, 0.1 ~ 0.3kg fused calcium magnesium phosphate, quicklime powder 30 ~ 50g and appropriate 0.5% borax mixing apply, mix thoroughly with subsoil, the thick ground surface soil of upper cover 8 ~ 12cm, every cave one strain, ridging is steady and sure, and surface coverage one deck loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m or 2m × 2.5m;
(4) tending management:
A, intertill and clean tillage: once loosened the soil and weeding every 3 ~ 4 months then after cultivation, from Second Year, annual spring and summer intertill and clean tillage in autumn once, is entirely cultivated weeding winter and earths up once;
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 20 ~ 30cm place, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3 ~ 5 major branches, and be evenly distributed to surrounding, the height of tree controls between 160 ~ 180cm;
(5) fertilizing management: be divided into the florescence to apply fertilizer, root applies fertilizer and winter applies fertilizer;
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively pasteurised completely is carried out to the soil of the root of nursery stock of planting, leaf portion and nursery stock of planting.
2. a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, plant growth regulator described in described step (1) " nursery " is the one in heteroauxin, methyl α-naphthyl acetate or 2,4-D threes.
3. a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (5) " fertilizing management ", florescence fertilising is divided into full-bloom stage to apply fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays the mixed liquor of 0.15% borax and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in blade face; Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1 ~ 2 time 50 × 10 every 10 ~ 15d -6the mixed liquor of gibberellin, 0.2% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three.
4. a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5) " fertilizing management ", root fertilising is before plant germinates, every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50 ~ 100g, summer fruit development period, every strain imposes 80 ~ 100g composite fertilizer, before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2 ~ 3kg.
5. a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (5) " fertilizing management ", fertilising in winter, along the outer ditching-fertilizing ridging of tree crown drip, imposes fertilizer 25000 ~ 30000kg/hm 2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 350 ~ 400 kg/hm 2fused calcium magnesium phosphate and 200 ~ 400 kg/hm 2quicklime powder.
6. a kind of water cape jasmine high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (5) in " fertilizing management ", treating before afforestation closing can the leguminous plant of short stem such as intercropping peanut, soybean, after results, treat that listless being turned over of stalk is buried in soil.
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CN111466250A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-07-31 重庆市药物种植研究所 Interplanting method for covering grass on gardenia and enhancing effect

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105052610A (en) * 2015-08-04 2015-11-18 陶莉 Wooden box gardenia tree cutting seedling cultivating method
CN105075651A (en) * 2015-10-08 2015-11-25 哈尔滨市广元种植有限公司 Method for planting gardenia jasminoides
CN105830890A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-08-10 江西樟树天齐堂中药饮片有限公司 Soilless seedling culturing and cultivation technology of gardenia jasminoides
CN106258717A (en) * 2016-07-27 2017-01-04 宾阳县华信种植专业合作社 A kind of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae beta pruning cultural method
CN106332620A (en) * 2016-07-27 2017-01-18 宾阳县华信种植专业合作社 Efficient cape jasmine interplanting management method
CN106105760A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-11-16 施秉县佳禾苗木花卉农民专业合作社 A kind of cottage method of plateau, subtropical zone Flos Gardeniae
CN108605623A (en) * 2017-05-19 2018-10-02 苏州赵陈生物科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of gardenia
CN108496596A (en) * 2018-02-10 2018-09-07 平南县德湖种养农民专业合作社 A kind of ciltivating process of gardenia
CN111466250A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-07-31 重庆市药物种植研究所 Interplanting method for covering grass on gardenia and enhancing effect
CN111466250B (en) * 2020-04-13 2022-04-12 重庆市药物种植研究所 Interplanting method for covering grass on gardenia and enhancing effect

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