CN102986437A - Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially - Google Patents
Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986437A CN102986437A CN2012105412742A CN201210541274A CN102986437A CN 102986437 A CN102986437 A CN 102986437A CN 2012105412742 A CN2012105412742 A CN 2012105412742A CN 201210541274 A CN201210541274 A CN 201210541274A CN 102986437 A CN102986437 A CN 102986437A
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting and preparing field; (2) applying a base fertilizer: mixing a farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer uniformly according to the standard of applying 1,000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 25kg of compound fertilizer to field every 667m<2>, fertilizing, harrowing and leveling the field, and ditching to make beds to sow seeds or carry out cottage; (3) raising seedlings: raising seedlings from seeds or by nutrient cups or cottage to obtain the seedlings to be transplanted; (4) planting: preparing the field in advance, transplanting the seedlings between January and March, planting the seedlings in field, weeding, earthing and topdressing so that the radix zanthoxyli seedlings grow gradually; and (5) harvesting. The method can be used for planting the radix zanthoxyli on large scale and has the characteristics of high product yield and stable product quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crop cultivating technology field, particularly relate to the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Radix zanthoxyli.
Background technology
Radix zanthoxyli is rutaceae, mainly originates in the areas, the south of the Five Ridges such as Guangxi, Guangdong.Have the effects such as promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dispelling wind and removing obstruction in the meridians.Be used for traumatic injury, arthralgia due to wind-dampness, stomachache, toothache, venomous snake bite that qi depression to blood stasis causes; The Radix zanthoxyli external application also can be treated the burning hot wound of soup.
For a long time, Radix zanthoxyli is in a kind of wild state, along with the demand of domestic and international pharmacy corporation to traditional Chinese medicine Radix zanthoxyli fruit, being ransacked of property of wild fruit is gathered, fruit quality is difficult to control, and wild resource is exhausted year by year, and fruit yield can not satisfy the demand of pharmacy corporation.But the technology of artificial cultivation Radix zanthoxyli is also immature.
Therefore, for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Radix zanthoxyli very necessary to overcome the prior art deficiency.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to avoid weak point of the prior art and artificial cultivation method that a kind of Radix zanthoxyli is provided, and the artificial cultivation method of this Radix zanthoxyli can carry out the Radix zanthoxyli plantation on a large scale, has the characteristics of output height, constant product quality.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by following technical measures.
The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Radix zanthoxyli is provided, comprises following operation,
(1) the whole ground of selection of land:
Select leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, have abundant water resources, draining is good, soil layer is deep, loose rich soil is as the planting base; In soil deeptillage autumn and winter, remove the weeds leaf, eliminate survive the winter worm's ovum and germ;
Before sowing or cuttage, cultivate intensely again, after repeatedly turning over, erect the furrow of high 18 ~ 22 cm, wide 100 ~ 130 cm;
(2) basal dressing:
According to per 667 m
2Execute the standard of well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kg, composite fertilizer 25 kg, apply fertilizer after farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are mixed, then raked in ground whole thin after, trench digging is made bed, sows or cuttage waiting;
(3) grow seedlings:
Adopt seed seedling-raising or nutrition cup is grown seedlings or the cuttage mode is grown seedlings, obtain rice shoot in order to transplanting;
(4) plantation:
In 1～March, with the shoot transplanting equipment plantation, before transplanting, in advance wholely, rice shoot is planted field planting in the ground, the weeding ridging is also topdressed, and the Radix zanthoxyli plant grows gradually;
(5) processing of gathering:
After the Radix zanthoxyli plant plantation 4～5 years, the trunk diameter of Radix zanthoxyli plant reaches 3 cm can gather when above, then removes earth, cuts into slices and then dry collection.
The above-mentioned employing seed seedling-raising of growing seedlings specifically comprises:
(1) seed collection and preservation:
In 9～October of the previous year, select best in quality more than 3 years, robust growth, the large full Radix zanthoxyli plant of grain as reserving seed for planting, when the fruit blackening, gather, after removing infructescence and jejune fruit, taking advantage of fruit does not connect pericarp one with seed during dry explosion and reinstates moistening fine sand, press the proportional layered stacking of 1:10, be saved to and sow the seed in spring;
(2) sowing:
In 2～March with the seed preserved together with fine sand according to seeding quantity 1.2 g～1.5 g/m
2Amount uniform broadcasting or bar be sowed on the seedbed, after planting on the seedbed, cover the thin thin soil of one deck, spray water to bed surface with sprayer, and it is moistening with the maintenance nursery soil to add a cover sunshade net;
(3) seedling management:
After coming up, sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day, and in weeding in seedling stage 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising is executed light fertilizer as main take thin, according to per 667 m
2Execute the amount of becoming thoroughly decomposed farmers''s liquid manure 1000 kg or executing urea 2 ~ 3 kg is watered to drench and executes at every turn.
The above-mentioned employing nutritional bag of growing seedlings specifically comprises:
(1) seed collecting and seed treatment:
In 9～October of the previous year, select best in quality more than 3 years, robust growth, the large full Radix zanthoxyli plant of grain as reserving seed for planting, when the fruit blackening, gather, after removing infructescence and jejune fruit, taking advantage of fruit does not connect pericarp one with seed during dry explosion and reinstates moistening fine sand, press the proportional layered stacking of 1:10, be saved to and sow the seed in spring;
(2) wholely:
With the ridge culture of getting up after weeds, stone are cleaned out in the ground, garden, bedside 80 ~ 100cm, high 10 ~ 20cm, the bed surface soil block is the state of breaking into pieces, smooth compacting;
(3) select nutritious bag:
Choose diameter * high specification and be the black plastic nutritious bag of 21 * 21cm for cultivating nutritious bag;
(4) be equipped with Nutrition Soil:
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, burns soil, fine sand, superphosphate are done batching, is that the ratio of 70:15:12:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio; Or
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, burns soil, superphosphate, decomposed manure, is that the ratio of 60:34:3:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio; Or
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, pond sludge, superphosphate, decomposed manure, is that the ratio of 70:24:3:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio;
(5) pack:
With the Nutrition Soil nutritious bag of packing into, fill native full scale for from sack 1 ~ 2cm, and in good order being arranged in rows of nutritious bag that installs Nutrition Soil, according to 15 ~ 20 bags of arrangements of every row, be adjacent to continuously between each nutritious bag, the space is filled up with silt between the nutritious bag;
(6) sowing:
Deeply then, extract small wooden out with 2 ~ 3cm in the small wooden insertion bag, put into 3 ~ 5 seeds of handling well or the good seed of storing and germination accelerating, cover again the fine earth that a layer thickness is 0.4 ~ 0.8cm, broadcast afterwards and evenly spray water to bed surface with sprayer, water add a cover fresh straw, straw or other culm thereon behind the sufficient moisture or build shade with shelter from heat or light, insulation, moisturizing, stratification, behind seed sprouting, throw off straw, straw, other culm or shade;
(7) field management:
After coming up, sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day; Until seedling reach grow up to rice shoot after, prepare to transplant.
The above-mentioned employing cuttage and seedling culture of growing seedlings specifically comprises:
(1) cutting is selected and is processed:
Clip 1 year or life in 2 years from the good maternal plant in annual 2～March, transplant a cutting without the vigorous branches of damage by disease and insect, thick 1.0～1.5 cm of described cutting, long 12～16 cm, have 3～4 joints, each cutting top will have 2 bud points at least, the young tender part of tip point is cut off, the upper end section is cut into flat mouth by joint 1～2 cm place, top, the lower end section is cut into the wedge shape angle at about 1 cm place below joint, clip requires level and smooth, cortex and xylem can not become flexible separation, the cutting lower port that shears is put into plant growth regulator soaked 30 minutes, take root in order to impel;
(2) cuttage:
With ready cutting, press seeding row spacing 12 * 25 cm cuttages to the seedbed, watering covers afterwards with the little shed of plastic film, and watering every day once keeps ground moistening, wait transplanting a cutting after rudiment takes root, pulls open plastic film at dusk and ventilates by the seedbed; When height of seedling reaches 15 cm, open gradually the plastic film shed, can transplant to the land for growing field crops when plant to be planted length is above to 50 cm;
(3) seedling management:
Sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day, and in weeding in seedling stage 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising is executed light fertilizer as main take thin, according to per 667 m
2Execute the amount of becoming thoroughly decomposed farmers''s liquid manure 1000 kg or executing urea 2 ~ 3 kg is watered to drench and executes at every turn.
Above-mentioned plantation specifically comprises:
(1) transplant:
Transplant the previous day with the seedbed water of drenching, during transplanting, open under the kind of cave by spacing in the rows 70～80 cm, line-spacing 100～130 cm at the furrow face first, strong sprout, every cave planted 1 strain, and the every cave of weak seedling plants 2 strains, bankets and treads, and blinding waters sufficient normal root water a little more than the furrow face again;
(2) weeding ridging:
Plant is less after the field planting, and before rudiment in the spring in every year, 6～July and winter carry out the weeding ridging, wherein the weeding in winter is in conjunction with cultivation and banking;
(3) topdress:
Topdress in conjunction with carrying out together behind the intertill and clean tillage, topdress every year 2 times, carry out in 3～April for the first time, carry out in 6～July for the second time, open an annular shallow ridges apart from plant 15～20 cm places in furrow, every strain sealing fertilizer 50～100 g decide on the plant size, then mulching soil, fertilizer application amount is 30～60 kg/667m
2
(4) training is pinched:
When branch is intensive when growing thickly, resting stage will old branch in the winter time, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood cut short its hair tonic shoot;
Pinch to 2 m left and right sides Shi Ying when shoot is long, in order to growing of root system and stem.
The artificial cultivation method of above-mentioned Radix zanthoxyli also comprises the control of disease, comprises physiological disturbance control and infectious disease control.
Above-mentioned physiological disturbance is prevented and treated specifically applying organic manure.
Above-mentioned infectious disease control is specifically adopted with fenaminosulf is bold and vigorous and is irrigated the fields or spray, and every mu of consumption 250 g stir into pasty state with a small amount of water first, again thin up; Perhaps
Spray every mu of medication 5 kg with 50% powder of carbendazim.
The artificial cultivation method of above-mentioned Radix zanthoxyli also comprises the control of insect pest, comprises the control of black cutworm, aphid, oranges and tangerines powder clam and Rhinocerosunicornis.
The control of above-mentioned black cutworm is specifically carried out the manual catching and killing or is mixed the green grass trapping with trichlorphon;
The control of described aphid is specifically with spraying with 2000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution;
The control of described oranges and tangerines powder clam is specifically slaughtered 1000 times of sprinklings of missible oil with 40% speed;
The compost trapping is specifically adopted in the control of described Rhinocerosunicornis, namely Rhinocerosunicornis many gardens occurs, and piles up around barnyard manure and retting organic fertilizer, lures that adult lays eggs at Fei Duizhong into, turns over fertilizer to winter, picks up except larva.
The artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli of the present invention can carry out the Radix zanthoxyli plantation on a large scale, has the characteristics of output height, constant product quality.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
Embodiment 1.
The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Radix zanthoxyli comprises following operation.
(1) the whole ground of selection of land.
Select leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, have abundant water resources, draining is good, soil layer is deep, loose rich soil is as the planting base; In soil deeptillage autumn and winter, remove the weeds leaf, eliminate survive the winter worm's ovum and germ.
Before sowing or cuttage, cultivate intensely again, after repeatedly turning over, erect the furrow of high 18 ~ 22 cm, wide 100 ~ 130 cm.
(2) basal dressing.
According to per 667 m
2Execute the standard of well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kg, composite fertilizer 25 kg, apply fertilizer after farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are mixed, then raked in ground whole thin after, trench digging is made bed, sows or cuttage waiting.
(3) grow seedlings.
Adopt the seed seedling-raising mode to grow seedlings, obtain rice shoot in order to transplanting.
(4) plantation.
In 1～March, with the shoot transplanting equipment plantation, before transplanting, in advance wholely, rice shoot is planted field planting in the ground, the weeding ridging is also topdressed, and the Radix zanthoxyli plant grows gradually.
(5) processing of gathering.
After the Radix zanthoxyli plant plantation 4～5 years, the trunk diameter of Radix zanthoxyli plant reaches 3 cm can gather when above, then removes earth, cuts into slices and then dry collection.
Wherein, the employing seed seedling-raising of growing seedlings specifically comprises.
(1) seed collection and preservation.
In 9～October of the previous year, select best in quality more than 3 years, robust growth, the large full Radix zanthoxyli plant of grain as reserving seed for planting, when the fruit blackening, gather, after removing infructescence and jejune fruit, taking advantage of fruit does not connect pericarp one with seed during dry explosion and reinstates moistening fine sand, press the proportional layered stacking of 1:10, be saved to and sow the seed in spring.
(2) sowing.
In 2～March with the seed preserved together with fine sand according to seeding quantity 1.2 g～1.5 g/m
2Amount uniform broadcasting or bar be sowed on the seedbed, after planting on the seedbed, cover the thin thin soil of one deck, spray water to bed surface with sprayer, and it is moistening with the maintenance nursery soil to add a cover sunshade net.
(3) seedling management.
After coming up, sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day, and in weeding in seedling stage 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising is executed light fertilizer as main take thin, according to per 667 m
2Execute the amount of becoming thoroughly decomposed farmers''s liquid manure 1000 kg or executing urea 2 ~ 3 kg is watered to drench and executes at every turn.
Above-mentioned plantation specifically comprises.
(1) transplants.
Transplant the previous day with the seedbed water of drenching, during transplanting, open under the kind of cave by spacing in the rows 70～80 cm, line-spacing 100～130 cm at the furrow face first, strong sprout, every cave planted 1 strain, and the every cave of weak seedling plants 2 strains, bankets and treads, and blinding waters sufficient normal root water a little more than the furrow face again.
(2) weeding ridging.
Plant is less after the field planting, and before rudiment in the spring in every year, 6～July and winter carry out the weeding ridging, wherein the weeding in winter is in conjunction with cultivation and banking.
(3) topdress.
Topdress in conjunction with carrying out together behind the intertill and clean tillage, topdress every year 2 times, carry out in 3～April for the first time, carry out in 6～July for the second time, open an annular shallow ridges apart from plant 15～20 cm places in furrow, every strain sealing fertilizer 50～100 g decide on the plant size, then mulching soil, fertilizer application amount is 30～60 kg/667m
2
(4) training is pinched.
When branch is intensive when growing thickly, resting stage will old branch in the winter time, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood cut short its hair tonic shoot; Pinch to 2 m left and right sides Shi Ying when shoot is long, in order to growing of root system and stem.
The artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli of the present invention also comprises the control of disease, comprises physiological disturbance control and infectious disease control.
Physiological disturbance is prevented and treated specifically applying organic manure.The infectious disease control is specifically adopted with fenaminosulf is bold and vigorous and is irrigated the fields or spray, and every mu of consumption 250 g stir into pasty state with a small amount of water first, again thin up; Perhaps spray every mu of medication 5 kg with 50% powder of carbendazim.
Owing to the reasons such as nutrient is not enough, arid, day burns, low temperature often cause Radix zanthoxyli seedling jaundice and withered.Yellows are phenomenons the most common in the nursery, trace it to its cause, and are that perhaps iron deficiency, potassium, phosphorus element etc. cause, and are wherein comparatively common with iron deficiency owing to nitrogen stress mostly.Iron deficiency generally shows as the faint yellow or yellow-white of blade, and it is green that vein still keeps, and symptom is progressively developed to Lao Ye by tender leaf.Nutritional deficiency disease is not suitable for causing owing to soil acidity or alkalinity often.Because soil acidity or alkalinity is uncomfortable, makes the element that exists in the soil become the nonabsorbable non-solubility fertilizer of plant.Therefore, the applying organic manure material is the important measures of eliminating the nutritional deficiency phenomenon.The various elements of organic manure supply are more comprehensive, and it is conducive to regulate the acid-base value of soil simultaneously.
Damping off is the common disease of Radix zanthoxyli seedling, and its Symptoms is planted, dampinged off for rotting and stands withered.Mashed kind: seed or seedling were namely suffered infecting of germ and rot before not being unearthed, commonly be short of seedling in flakes on the seedbed.Damping off: after coming up, be the contracting of rotting, hang of water stain shape in the stem foot, the seedling shape that lodges at once, later seedling and young root rot.The seedling lodging occurs in 1～2 month after coming up usually.Vertical withered: after the seedling base portion lignification, before this base portion variable color is subjected to the withered and non-lodging of disease nursery stock, and the later stage also forms root-rot, so be called damping off.The pathogen species of damping off mainly is the multiple pathogens such as pythium spp (Pythium boryanum), rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani).The common conditions of its morbidity is that nursery hypsography low-lying impeded drainage, soil moisture content are too high, or seedling plants overstockedly, and continuously the disease such as overcast and rainy is just serious.Process in case soil disinfection occurs to carry out disease.Method is to sprinkle with fenaminosulf to irrigate the fields or spray, and every mu of consumption 250g stirs into pasty state with a small amount of water first, again thin up; Also available 50% powder of carbendazim, every mu of medication 5 kg.
The artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli of the present invention also comprises the control of insect pest, comprises the control of black cutworm, aphid, oranges and tangerines powder clam and Rhinocerosunicornis.
Black cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon Rottenberg) has another name called cutworm, root eating insect.Be Lepidoptera, Noctuidae.It is wide to distribute, and larva can bite the terminal bud of Radix zanthoxyli seedling broken, or blade is eaten into mesh, and Larva can be bitten the tender stem of seedling broken.Prevent and treat method: can carry out the manual catching and killing, normally in conjunction with nursery weeding in spring deinsectization, also can mix the green grass trapping with trichlorphon.
Aphid is one of insect of Radix zanthoxyli, endangers bud and the tender leaf of Radix zanthoxyli more, sucks its juice, causes that the young sprout growing way is weak, leaf rolling.The aphid of harm Radix zanthoxyli mainly is cotten aphid (Aphis gossypii), has another name called the melon aphid.Be Homoptera, Aphidiadae.Often be clustered in the positions such as tender leaf, tender stem, generally appear at May to August, take out the phase of sending out on the occasion of the Radix zanthoxyli tender leaf.Prevent and treat method: 1. biological control: can utilize the natural enemy of aphid such as ladybug, Chrysopa, syrphus fly, parasitic wasp to prevent and treat.2. cultural control: wipe out the branch of being caused harm by aphid.3. chemical control: 2000 times of liquid of available 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution spray.
Citrus mealy bug (Planococcus ciyri) has another name called the tangerine mealybug, and the purple perilla mealybug belongs to wax coccidae.Widely distribute at south China.Idol is found in the Radix zanthoxyli planting base, but it is not serious to cause harm, the leaf of the Radix zanthoxyli of mainly causing harm.Just incubate young a red-spotted lizard after creeping after a while, multigroup combines in the tender shoots place of tender leaf master pulse both sides and branch, the front narrow rear circle of adult, and yellowish pink is by white powder shape wax.The body edge has 18 pairs of white wax thorns, short slightly point.1 year 3～4 generation.The white wax is flocculence, consists of egg capsule.Prevent and treat method: 1. owing to the harm generally just fragmentary generation of citrus mealy bug to Radix zanthoxyli, take cultural control as main, heavy pruning worm branch, worm leaf.2. chemical control: available 40% speed is slaughtered 1000 times of sprinklings of missible oil.
Rhinocerosunicornis (Allomyrina dichotoma) has another name called xylotrupes dichotomus, Horned Beetle worm, and paddy claims " caye worm creaks ", belongs to the rhinoceros Scarabaeidae.Survive the winter in be everlasting compost or much more organic place of larva.Late April in next year pupates, and begins the first tenday period of a month in May to sprout wings, and be the Sheng phase mid-May.Guangxi province 1 year a generation occurs, common female male imago becomes the binode team stem branch of causing harm, to sting food blade, stem branch cortex as main.Cause skin zone's damage, gummosis occurs.The method of preventing and treating is take artificial capture method as main.Annual at Rhinocerosunicornis adult Sheng phase Growth season (May～June), the field of often patrolling in time catches adult.Many gardens occur Rhinocerosunicornis in also compost trapping, pile up around barnyard manure and retting organic fertilizer, lure that adult lays eggs at Fei Duizhong into, turn over fertilizer to winter, pick up except larva.Do like this and can reduce insect pest in the coming year.And these fertilizer were finished before late April.
The artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli of the present invention can carry out the Radix zanthoxyli plantation on a large scale, has the characteristics of output height, constant product quality.
By this cultivation method, cultivate on a large scale at Maoming area, practice shows that this cultivation method can significantly improve the output of Radix zanthoxyli fruit, single plant yield than the output increased of wild state 6 ~ 8 times; And product quality can obtain manual control, and steady quality is good.
Embodiment 2.
The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Radix zanthoxyli, its operation is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is: adopt nutritional bag, specifically comprise.
(1) seed collecting and seed treatment.
In 9～October of the previous year, select best in quality more than 3 years, robust growth, the large full Radix zanthoxyli plant of grain as reserving seed for planting, when the fruit blackening, gather, after removing infructescence and jejune fruit, taking advantage of fruit does not connect pericarp one with seed during dry explosion and reinstates moistening fine sand, press the proportional layered stacking of 1:10, be saved to and sow the seed in spring.
(2) wholely.
With the ridge culture of getting up after weeds, stone are cleaned out in the ground, garden, bedside 80 ~ 100cm, high 10 ~ 20cm, the bed surface soil block is the state of breaking into pieces, smooth compacting.
(3) select nutritious bag.
Choose diameter * high specification and be the black plastic nutritious bag of 21 * 21cm for cultivating nutritious bag.
(4) be equipped with Nutrition Soil.
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, burns soil, fine sand, superphosphate are done batching, is that the ratio of 70:15:12:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio; Or
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, burns soil, superphosphate, decomposed manure, is that the ratio of 60:34:3:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio; Or
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, pond sludge, superphosphate, decomposed manure, is that the ratio of 70:24:3:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio.
(5) pack.
With the Nutrition Soil nutritious bag of packing into, fill native full scale for from sack 1 ~ 2cm, and in good order being arranged in rows of nutritious bag that installs Nutrition Soil, according to 15 ~ 20 bags of arrangements of every row, be adjacent to continuously between each nutritious bag, the space is filled up with silt between the nutritious bag.
(6) sowing.
Deeply then, extract small wooden out with 2 ~ 3cm in the small wooden insertion bag, put into 3 ~ 5 seeds of handling well or the good seed of storing and germination accelerating, cover again the fine earth that a layer thickness is 0.4 ~ 0.8cm, broadcast afterwards and evenly spray water to bed surface with sprayer, water add a cover fresh straw, straw or other culm thereon behind the sufficient moisture or build shade with shelter from heat or light, insulation, moisturizing, stratification, behind seed sprouting, throw off straw, straw, other culm or shade.
(7) field management.
After coming up, sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day; Until seedling reach grow up to rice shoot after, prepare to transplant.
The artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli of the present invention can carry out the Radix zanthoxyli plantation on a large scale, has the characteristics of output height, constant product quality.
Embodiment 3.
The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Radix zanthoxyli, its operation is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is: adopt cuttage and seedling culture, specifically comprise.
(1) cutting is selected and is processed.
Clip 1 year or life in 2 years from the good maternal plant in annual 2～March, transplant a cutting without the vigorous branches of damage by disease and insect, thick 1.0～1.5 cm of described cutting, long 12～16 cm, have 3～4 joints, each cutting top will have 2 bud points at least, the young tender part of tip point is cut off, the upper end section is cut into flat mouth by joint 1～2 cm place, top, the lower end section is cut into the wedge shape angle at about 1 cm place below joint, clip requires level and smooth, cortex and xylem can not become flexible separation, the cutting lower port that shears is put into plant growth regulator soaked 30 minutes, take root in order to impel.
(2) cuttage.
With ready cutting, press seeding row spacing 12 * 25 cm cuttages to the seedbed, watering covers afterwards with the little shed of plastic film, and watering every day once keeps ground moistening, wait transplanting a cutting after rudiment takes root, pulls open plastic film at dusk and ventilates by the seedbed; When height of seedling reaches 15 cm, open gradually the plastic film shed, can transplant to the land for growing field crops when plant to be planted length is above to 50 cm.
(3) seedling management.
Sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day, and in weeding in seedling stage 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising is executed light fertilizer as main take thin, according to per 667 m
2Execute the amount of becoming thoroughly decomposed farmers''s liquid manure 1000 kg or executing urea 2 ~ 3 kg is watered to drench and executes at every turn.
The artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli of the present invention can carry out the Radix zanthoxyli plantation on a large scale, has the characteristics of output height, constant product quality.
Should be noted that at last; above embodiment only is used for technical scheme of the present invention being described but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done detailed description; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the artificial cultivation method of a Radix zanthoxyli is characterized in that: comprise following operation,
(1) the whole ground of selection of land:
Select leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, have abundant water resources, draining is good, soil layer is deep, loose rich soil is as the planting base; In soil deeptillage autumn and winter, remove the weeds leaf, eliminate survive the winter worm's ovum and germ;
Before sowing or cuttage, cultivate intensely again, after repeatedly turning over, erect the furrow of high 18 ~ 22 cm, wide 100 ~ 130 cm;
(2) basal dressing:
According to per 667 m
2Execute the standard of well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kg, composite fertilizer 25 kg, apply fertilizer after farmyard manure and composite fertilizer are mixed, then raked in ground whole thin after, trench digging is made bed, sows or cuttage waiting;
(3) grow seedlings:
Adopt seed seedling-raising or nutrition cup is grown seedlings or the cuttage mode is grown seedlings, obtain rice shoot in order to transplanting;
(4) plantation:
In 1～March, with the shoot transplanting equipment plantation, before transplanting, in advance wholely, rice shoot is planted field planting in the ground, the weeding ridging is also topdressed, and the Radix zanthoxyli plant grows gradually;
(5) processing of gathering:
After the Radix zanthoxyli plant plantation 4～5 years, the trunk diameter of Radix zanthoxyli plant reaches 3 cm can gather when above, then removes earth, cuts into slices and then dry collection.
2. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described employing seed seedling-raising of growing seedlings specifically comprises:
(1) seed collection and preservation:
In 9～October of the previous year, select best in quality more than 3 years, robust growth, the large full Radix zanthoxyli plant of grain as reserving seed for planting, when the fruit blackening, gather, after removing infructescence and jejune fruit, taking advantage of fruit does not connect pericarp one with seed during dry explosion and reinstates moistening fine sand, press the proportional layered stacking of 1:10, be saved to and sow the seed in spring;
(2) sowing:
In 2～March with the seed preserved together with fine sand according to seeding quantity 1.2 g～1.5 g/m
2Amount uniform broadcasting or bar be sowed on the seedbed, after planting on the seedbed, cover the thin thin soil of one deck, spray water to bed surface with sprayer, and it is moistening with the maintenance nursery soil to add a cover sunshade net;
(3) seedling management:
After coming up, sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day, and in weeding in seedling stage 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising is executed light fertilizer as main take thin, according to per 667 m
2Execute the amount of becoming thoroughly decomposed farmers''s liquid manure 1000 kg or executing urea 2 ~ 3 kg is watered to drench and executes at every turn.
3. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described employing nutritional bag of growing seedlings specifically comprises:
(1) seed collecting and seed treatment:
In 9～October of the previous year, select best in quality more than 3 years, robust growth, the large full Radix zanthoxyli plant of grain as reserving seed for planting, when the fruit blackening, gather, after removing infructescence and jejune fruit, taking advantage of fruit does not connect pericarp one with seed during dry explosion and reinstates moistening fine sand, press the proportional layered stacking of 1:10, be saved to and sow the seed in spring;
(2) wholely:
With the ridge culture of getting up after weeds, stone are cleaned out in the ground, garden, bedside 80 ~ 100cm, high 10 ~ 20cm, the bed surface soil block is the state of breaking into pieces, smooth compacting;
(3) select nutritious bag:
Choose diameter * high specification and be the black plastic nutritious bag of 21 * 21cm for cultivating nutritious bag;
(4) be equipped with Nutrition Soil:
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, burns soil, fine sand, superphosphate are done batching, is that the ratio of 70:15:12:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio; Or
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, burns soil, superphosphate, decomposed manure, is that the ratio of 60:34:3:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio; Or
Nutrition Soil adopts yellow soil, pond sludge, superphosphate, decomposed manure, is that the ratio of 70:24:3:3 is evenly mixed and sieved and forms according to weight ratio;
(5) pack:
With the Nutrition Soil nutritious bag of packing into, fill native full scale for from sack 1 ~ 2cm, and in good order being arranged in rows of nutritious bag that installs Nutrition Soil, according to 15 ~ 20 bags of arrangements of every row, be adjacent to continuously between each nutritious bag, the space is filled up with silt between the nutritious bag;
(6) sowing:
Deeply then, extract small wooden out with 2 ~ 3cm in the small wooden insertion bag, put into 3 ~ 5 seeds of handling well or the good seed of storing and germination accelerating, cover again the fine earth that a layer thickness is 0.4 ~ 0.8cm, broadcast afterwards and evenly spray water to bed surface with sprayer, water add a cover fresh straw, straw or other culm thereon behind the sufficient moisture or build shade with shelter from heat or light, insulation, moisturizing, stratification, behind seed sprouting, throw off straw, straw, other culm or shade;
(7) field management:
After coming up, sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day; Until seedling reach grow up to rice shoot after, prepare to transplant.
4. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described employing cuttage and seedling culture of growing seedlings specifically comprises:
(1) cutting is selected and is processed:
Clip 1 year or life in 2 years from the good maternal plant in annual 2～March, transplant a cutting without the vigorous branches of damage by disease and insect, thick 1.0～1.5 cm of described cutting, long 12～16 cm, have 3～4 joints, each cutting top will have 2 bud points at least, the young tender part of tip point is cut off, the upper end section is cut into flat mouth by joint 1～2 cm place, top, the lower end section is cut into the wedge shape angle at about 1 cm place below joint, clip requires level and smooth, cortex and xylem can not become flexible separation, the cutting lower port that shears is put into plant growth regulator soaked 30 minutes, take root in order to impel;
(2) cuttage:
With ready cutting, press seeding row spacing 12 * 25 cm cuttages to the seedbed, watering covers afterwards with the little shed of plastic film, and watering every day once keeps ground moistening, wait transplanting a cutting after rudiment takes root, pulls open plastic film at dusk and ventilates by the seedbed; When height of seedling reaches 15 cm, open gradually the plastic film shed, can transplant to the land for growing field crops when plant to be planted length is above to 50 cm;
(3) seedling management:
Sooner or later water at fine day, in timely draining of rainy day, and in weeding in seedling stage 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising 2 ~ 3 times, fertilising is executed light fertilizer as main take thin, according to per 667 m
2Execute the amount of becoming thoroughly decomposed farmers''s liquid manure 1000 kg or executing urea 2 ~ 3 kg is watered to drench and executes at every turn.
5. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described plantation specifically comprises:
(1) transplant:
Transplant the previous day with the seedbed water of drenching, during transplanting, open under the kind of cave by spacing in the rows 70～80 cm, line-spacing 100～130 cm at the furrow face first, strong sprout, every cave planted 1 strain, and the every cave of weak seedling plants 2 strains, bankets and treads, and blinding waters sufficient normal root water a little more than the furrow face again;
(2) weeding ridging:
Plant is less after the field planting, and before rudiment in the spring in every year, 6～July and winter carry out the weeding ridging, wherein the weeding in winter is in conjunction with cultivation and banking;
(3) topdress:
Topdress in conjunction with carrying out together behind the intertill and clean tillage, topdress every year 2 times, carry out in 3～April for the first time, carry out in 6～July for the second time, open an annular shallow ridges apart from plant 15～20 cm places in furrow, every strain sealing fertilizer 50～100 g decide on the plant size, then mulching soil, fertilizer application amount is 30～60 kg/667m
2
(4) training is pinched:
When branch is intensive when growing thickly, resting stage will old branch in the winter time, weak branch, sick branch and deadwood cut short its hair tonic shoot;
Pinch to 2 m left and right sides Shi Ying when shoot is long, in order to growing of root system and stem.
6. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 5 is characterized in that: also comprise the control of disease, comprise physiological disturbance control and infectious disease control.
7. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described physiological disturbance is prevented and treated specifically applying organic manure.
8. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described infectious disease control is specifically adopted to sprinkle with fenaminosulf and is irrigated the fields or spray, and every mu of consumption 250 g stir into pasty state with a small amount of water first, again thin up; Perhaps
Spray every mu of medication 5 kg with 50% powder of carbendazim.
9. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 5 is characterized in that: also comprise the control of insect pest, comprise the control of black cutworm, aphid, oranges and tangerines powder clam and Rhinocerosunicornis.
10. the artificial cultivation method of Radix zanthoxyli according to claim 9 is characterized in that:
The control of described black cutworm is specifically carried out the manual catching and killing or is mixed the green grass trapping with trichlorphon;
The control of described aphid is specifically with spraying with 2000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution;
The control of described oranges and tangerines powder clam is specifically slaughtered 1000 times of sprinklings of missible oil with 40% speed;
The compost trapping is specifically adopted in the control of described Rhinocerosunicornis, namely Rhinocerosunicornis many gardens occurs, and piles up around barnyard manure and retting organic fertilizer, lures that adult lays eggs at Fei Duizhong into, turns over fertilizer to winter, picks up except larva.
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| CN104119144A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-10-29 | 黄振忠 | Nutritional soil for nutritious cup nursery of parashorea chinensis and preparation method of nutritional soil |
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| CN108243853A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-06 | 桂林亦元生现代生物技术有限公司 | Method for planting zanthoxylum nitidum |
| CN112262712A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-26 | 广西南药康园投资有限责任公司 | High-yield cultivation method for radix zanthoxyli |
| CN113016474A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Zanthoxylum nitidum seedling raising method |
| CN113016474B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2023-09-08 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Seedling raising method for radix zanthoxyli seedlings |
| CN113412767A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Planting and fertilizing method for promoting yield increase of radix zanthoxyli |
| CN113412767B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-04-25 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A planting and fertilization method for promoting the production increase of double-faced needles |
| CN115088543A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-23 | 广西中恒中药材产业发展有限公司 | A kind of dwarf cultivation method of two-sided needle |
| CN115088543B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-12-12 | 广西中恒中药材产业发展有限公司 | A kind of dwarf cultivation method of double-sided needles |
| CN119073108A (en) * | 2024-09-09 | 2024-12-06 | 漳州新发现农业发展有限公司 | A kind of cutting propagation method of colorful osmanthus |
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