CN104521544A - Raspberry cutting seedling and high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Raspberry cutting seedling and high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a raspberry cutting seedling and high-yield cultivation method. The raspberry cutting seedling and high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) inducing primary roots; (2) transplanting and arranging a support, wherein the support can be made of wooden poles or concrete columns, and the height of the support is 1.3-1.4m from the ground; (3) carrying out field planting according to the planting distance of 1m*0.5m; and (4) managing after the field planting, namely ditching at a position 30cm away from plants and irrigating water once when drought is severe in a leaf-expansion period or a blooming period for promoting tidy germination; and topdressing, namely ditching at a position 20cm away from base parts of the plants to form a shallow furrow before blooming in general, applying 30g of a nitrogen fertilizer while earthing, if soil is dry, irrigating water after the fertilizer is applied; and after fruits are harvested, applying a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphorous fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in ratio of 50g per cluster, so that the vigorous growth of base growing branches is promoted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly raspberry cuttage and seedling culture and high-yield cultivating method.
Background technology
Raspberry, also known as raspberry, raspberry, the wild certain kind of berries, rasp berry, Ma Linguo, pallet, raspberry etc., is the perennial undershrub of rose family rubus, and the cultivation history in existing more than 600 years, cultivating more country has Russia, the U.S., Poland, Canada etc.Though China is one of raspberry original producton location, artificial cultivation history only had for more than 80 years, was mainly distributed in the provinces such as Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei; The existing a small amount of cultivation in the area such as Yi Li, Changji, Urumchi in Xinjiang.Fruit of raspberry is polymerization berry, tender succulence, and color and luster is pleasant, unique flavor, containing more vitamin C, vitamin E, SOD, amino acid etc.; Fruit is similar greatly for sugar content and apple, pears, the citrus three of fruit of raspberry, amino acid content is higher than apple, grape, anti-ageing content of material is higher than existing any cultivation and wild fruit, except eating raw, extensive use is had in medicine, beauty treatment, health care, root, stem and leaf also has a medicinal efficacy, particularly cancer-resisting substance ellagic acid rich content, has prevention and certain curative effect to colon cancer, cervical carcinoma, breast cancer and cancer of pancreas.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides the method for non-polluted cultivation improving raspberry yield, comprises the following steps:
(1) induce primary root: select the then healthy and strong green branch of semi-lignified to be cutting from elite stand, the time 6 ~ 8 monthly can, cutting is cut and is cut 2 ~ 3 internodes, and length is 15 ~ 20cm, and notice that upper cut is put down, lower cut is slightly oblique.Every 50 are bundled into a bundle, then soak base portion 30s with the ABT1 root-inducing powder of 400mg/L and get final product cuttage; Then by its cuttage in soilless culture substrate, matrix comprises by weight: comprise peat 60% ~ 75%, vermiculite 23% ~ 38%, diammonium phosphate 2%, fertilizer 5% ~ 10%, ash 1%; After water immediately, and start sprayer unit spraying, in cuttage 10d, general 5 ~ 10min sprays 1 time, night, 1 ~ 2h sprayed 1 time, progressively extend the spray intervals time after 10d, reach 2 ~ 4h spray 1 time to 20d, about 25d stops water spray round the clock, hardening 7 ~ 10d can transplant, for control cutting is rotted, from cuttage same day, sprayed 1 800 times of 50% carbendazim every 7d, sprayed 2 ~ 3 times altogether, 0.3% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) can be sprayed carry out foliar application, to promote new root after cuttage 10d.What be positioned over artificial regulatory again takes root in environment; The temperature of the environment of taking root of described artificial regulatory is 17 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, and relative moisture is 80% ~ 90%, and standing time is 25 ~ 35 days; Induction secondary root: by whole the tea tree kind through first stage induction primary root in nutritious bag, whether nutritious bag, built with Nutrition Soil, turns white to be as the criterion with Nutrition Soil surface and carry out watering 15 ~ 25 days;
(2) transplant: the field soil planting raspberry is carried out disinfection, kill and remain in germ in soil and insect; Apply fertilizer every mu and execute barnyard manure or farmyard manure that 3 ~ 5 sides become thoroughly decomposed or take fulvic acid as the compoiste fertilizer of primary raw material and a small amount of composite chemical fertilizer and mix in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl barnyard manure to mix, sprinkle evenly plough deeply, rake, ridging, row spacing 50 ~ 70 centimetres, high 20 ~ 30 centimetres, general 1. 5 ~ 2.5 meters of distance between the ridges, plays furrow and rakes;
(3) support is set up: frame material can be rod also can be concrete column, and hack lever height is apart from ground 1.3 ~ 1.4 m.Level land hack lever strain clump leeward to, hillside fields hack lever at the steep of strain clump, rod spacing 4 ~ 5 m, cement pole spacing 8 ~ 10 m.Draw and tie up branch, make it to be evenly distributed on hack lever, form covering of the fan;
(4) field planting: by the m field planting of distance between rows and hills 1 m × 0.5, digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm planting furrowes, executes by every strain 5 ~ 10 kg become thoroughly decomposed manure of livestock and poultry or every 667m
2apply 50 kg composite fertilizers in bottom of trench, ditch filled and led up, then dig pitting raspberry seedling is planted into, requirement root system is unfolded, and is treaded by soil, then waters permeable, water ooze lower after cover 1 layer of loose table soil again, when planting, nursery stock root is apart from ground 15 cm, during blinding, soil pressure is real, disposable water permeable, 20 ~ 30 cm are stayed in overground part sub-cut, bury soil after autumn cultivation to survive the winter, immersion 12 ~ 24 h in shoot root portion before planting, sufficient to protect moisture in sapling body;
(5) manage after field planting: leaf stretching period or flowering stage too arid time, can at filling 1 water of ditching apart from strain clump 30 cm place, to promote that rudiment is neat; Topdress: generally open shallow ridges at strain clump base portion 20 cm place before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer application 30 g, Bian Shibian earthing, as poured water after soil drought fertilising; After fruit harvesting, N,P,K fertilizers mixing is applied, executes 50 g for every clump, to promote the raw branch vigorous growth of base;
(6) draw branch to prune: when branch is more than 1 meter, built is wanted to draw branch, every 5 ~ 10 meters of vertical posts in row, high 1. 5 meters apart from ground, make cross bar, and draw 2 ~ 3 road iron wire lines, upper strata iron wire is fixed on pillar top, lower floor's iron wire is apart from 0.8 meter, ground, suitable colligation, 5. branch prunes general dividing 4 times, 1st pruning is when field planting, after Survival rate of nursery stock, to overstocked thin and delicate branch, damaged branch will be wiped out together, it is for 2nd time the pruning to the raw branch of base, the plant very few to branch density carries out pinching, promote that sprouting of lateral bud becomes branch, branch is more, every strain clump is selected and remain strong raw branch 6 ~ 8 strain of base of growing way, all the other are cut, for 3rd time grow to about 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters at branch, pluck top and control shoot growth, promote achievement, 4th pruning is after fruit picking terminates, to cut together bearing basal shoot, every mu of branch total amount, general control is at 2500 ~ 3000,
(7) diseases and pests controlling: disease worm will be watched out for all the time in raspberry production process and cause harm.Observe disease insect pest situation condition at any time, make with medicament control at any time, prevent popular in canopy, great outburst, before planting, preferably use 12L/ 667m
2dichloropropylene or use 10L/667m
2d-Trapex carries out soil-fumigating, prevent soil nematodes and fusarium wilt, raspberry mainly contains leaf spot, gray mold. and root rot and stem rot cause harm, 3 ~ 4 Be lime sulfurs can be sprayed after planting He before rudiment, 600 ~ 700 times of liquid prevention leaf diseases of 50 % carbendazim are sprayed after fruit picking, as there is gray mold and leaf spot, can spray the bactericide preventing and treating gray mold, also often there is stem rot in raspberry stem, causes branch extra large, withered, reduce output, thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid can be adopted, 40 % aliette 500 times liquid, tmtd 500 times of liquid controls.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Select American Blackberry, the red certain kind of berries in Australia, the Polish yellow certain kind of berries three kinds, (1) induction primary root: select the then healthy and strong green branch of semi-lignified to be cutting from elite stand, the time 6 ~ 8 monthly can, cutting is cut and is cut 2 ~ 3 internodes, length is 15 ~ 20cm, and notice that upper cut is put down, lower cut is slightly oblique.Every 50 are bundled into a bundle, then soak base portion 30s with the ABT1 root-inducing powder of 400mg/L and get final product cuttage; Then by its cuttage in soilless culture substrate, matrix comprises by weight: comprise peat 60% ~ 75%, vermiculite 23% ~ 38%, diammonium phosphate 2%, fertilizer 5% ~ 10%, ash 1%; After water immediately, and start sprayer unit spraying, in cuttage 10d, general 5 ~ 10min sprays 1 time, night, 1 ~ 2h sprayed 1 time, progressively extend the spray intervals time after 10d, reach 2 ~ 4h spray 1 time to 20d, about 25d stops water spray round the clock, hardening 7 ~ 10d can transplant, for control cutting is rotted, from cuttage same day, sprayed 1 800 times of 50% carbendazim every 7d, sprayed 2 ~ 3 times altogether, 0.3% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) can be sprayed carry out foliar application, to promote new root after cuttage 10d.What be positioned over artificial regulatory again takes root in environment; The temperature of the environment of taking root of described artificial regulatory is 17 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, and relative moisture is 80% ~ 90%, and standing time is 25 ~ 35 days; Induction secondary root: by whole the tea tree kind through first stage induction primary root in nutritious bag, whether nutritious bag, built with Nutrition Soil, turns white to be as the criterion with Nutrition Soil surface and carry out watering 15 ~ 25 days;
(2) transplant: the field soil planting raspberry is carried out disinfection, kill and remain in germ in soil and insect; Apply fertilizer every mu and execute barnyard manure or farmyard manure that 3 ~ 5 sides become thoroughly decomposed or take fulvic acid as the compoiste fertilizer of primary raw material and a small amount of composite chemical fertilizer and mix in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl barnyard manure to mix, sprinkle evenly plough deeply, rake, ridging, row spacing 50 ~ 70 centimetres, high 20 ~ 30 centimetres, general 1. 5 ~ 2.5 meters of distance between the ridges, plays furrow and rakes;
(3) support is set up: frame material can be rod also can be concrete column, and hack lever height is apart from ground 1.3 ~ 1.4 m.Level land hack lever strain clump leeward to, hillside fields hack lever at the steep of strain clump, rod spacing 4 ~ 5 m, cement pole spacing 8 ~ 10 m.Draw and tie up branch, make it to be evenly distributed on hack lever, form covering of the fan;
(4) field planting: by the m field planting of distance between rows and hills 1 m × 0.5, digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm planting furrowes, executes by every strain 5 ~ 10 kg become thoroughly decomposed manure of livestock and poultry or every 667m
2apply 50 kg composite fertilizers in bottom of trench, ditch filled and led up, then dig pitting raspberry seedling is planted into, requirement root system is unfolded, and is treaded by soil, then waters permeable, water ooze lower after cover 1 layer of loose table soil again, when planting, nursery stock root is apart from ground 15 cm, during blinding, soil pressure is real, disposable water permeable, 20 ~ 30 cm are stayed in overground part sub-cut, bury soil after autumn cultivation to survive the winter, immersion 12 ~ 24 h in shoot root portion before planting, sufficient to protect moisture in sapling body;
(5) manage after field planting: leaf stretching period or flowering stage too arid time, can at filling 1 water of ditching apart from strain clump 30 cm place, to promote that rudiment is neat; Topdress: generally open shallow ridges at strain clump base portion 20 cm place before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer application 30 g, Bian Shibian earthing, as poured water after soil drought fertilising; After fruit harvesting, N,P,K fertilizers mixing is applied, executes 50 g for every clump, to promote the raw branch vigorous growth of base;
(6) draw branch to prune: when branch is more than 1 meter, built is wanted to draw branch, every 5 ~ 10 meters of vertical posts in row, high 1. 5 meters apart from ground, make cross bar, and draw 2 ~ 3 road iron wire lines, upper strata iron wire is fixed on pillar top, lower floor's iron wire is apart from 0.8 meter, ground, suitable colligation, branch prunes general dividing 4 times, 1st pruning is when field planting, after Survival rate of nursery stock, to overstocked thin and delicate branch, damaged branch will be wiped out together, it is for 2nd time the pruning to the raw branch of base, the plant very few to branch density carries out pinching, promote that sprouting of lateral bud becomes branch, branch is more, every strain clump is selected and remain strong raw branch 6 ~ 8 strain of base of growing way, all the other are cut, for 3rd time grow to about 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters at branch, pluck top and control shoot growth, promote achievement, 4th pruning is after fruit picking terminates, to cut together bearing basal shoot, every mu of branch total amount, general control is at 2500 ~ 3000,
(7) diseases and pests controlling: disease worm will be watched out for all the time in raspberry production process and cause harm.Observe disease insect pest situation condition at any time, make with medicament control at any time, prevent popular in canopy, great outburst, before planting, preferably use 12L/ 667m
2dichloropropylene or use 10L/667m
2d-Trapex carries out soil-fumigating, prevent soil nematodes and fusarium wilt, raspberry mainly contains leaf spot, gray mold. and root rot and stem rot cause harm, 3 ~ 4 Be lime sulfurs can be sprayed after planting He before rudiment, 600 ~ 700 times of liquid prevention leaf diseases of 50 % carbendazim are sprayed after fruit picking, as there is gray mold and leaf spot, can spray the bactericide preventing and treating gray mold, also often there is stem rot in raspberry stem, causes branch extra large, withered, reduce output, thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid can be adopted, 40 % aliette 500 times liquid, tmtd 500 times of liquid controls.
The berry maturing stage of fruit harvesting raspberry is inconsistent, approximately sustainable about 1 month, should gather by stages and in groups.The berry of abundant maturation has unique local flavor, fragrance and color and luster, and pericarp is very soft, is easy to touch brokenly, the least and shallow porose plastic crate splendid attire fruit.After gathering 7 ~ 8 days for 1st time, berry is ripe in a large number, will gather 1 time every 1 ~ 2 day.Should gather every day 1 time when fruit is concentrated ripe.Gather as far as possible in the morning, now fragrance is the denseest, and rainy day should not gather.Appropriate mellow fruit all must be collected during each harvesting, in order to avoid be extended down to overdone when gathering next time and cause rotten.The fruit of returning of gathering will be delivered to the shady and cool place that ventilates in time and deposit, and the same day is delivered to freezer and refrigerates.Fruit quality is good, product are of fine quality, bright, fruit shape are satisfactory, give off a strong fragrance, unique flavor.Every strain fruit yield is 80-150g, average out to 100g.The First Year of plantation, spring, fruit yield reached 300 kg/667m2.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.
Claims (2)
1. raspberry cuttage and seedling culture and a high-yield cultivating method, is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:
(1) induce primary root: select the then healthy and strong green branch of semi-lignified to be cutting from elite stand, the time 6 ~ 8 monthly can, cutting is cut and is cut 2 ~ 3 internodes, and length is 15 ~ 20cm, and notice that upper cut is put down, lower cut is slightly oblique; Every 50 are bundled into a bundle, then soak base portion 30s with the ABT1 root-inducing powder of 400mg/L and get final product cuttage; Then by its cuttage in soilless culture substrate, matrix comprises by weight: comprise peat 60% ~ 75%, vermiculite 23% ~ 38%, diammonium phosphate 2%, fertilizer 5% ~ 10%, ash 1%; After water immediately, and start sprayer unit spraying, in cuttage 10d, general 5 ~ 10min sprays 1 time, night, 1 ~ 2h sprayed 1 time, the spray intervals time is progressively extended after 10d, reach 2 ~ 4h to 20d and spray 1 time, about 25d stops water spray round the clock, hardening 7 ~ 10d can transplant, and for control cutting is rotted, from cuttage same day, sprays 1 800 times of 50% carbendazim every 7d, spray 2 ~ 3 times altogether, 0.3% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) can be sprayed carry out foliar application after cuttage 10d, to promote new root, then be positioned over artificial regulatory take root in environment; The temperature of the environment of taking root of described artificial regulatory is 17 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, and relative moisture is 80% ~ 90%, and standing time is 25 ~ 35 days; Induction secondary root: by whole the tea tree kind through first stage induction primary root in nutritious bag, whether nutritious bag, built with Nutrition Soil, turns white to be as the criterion with Nutrition Soil surface and carry out watering 15 ~ 25 days;
(2) transplant: the field soil planting raspberry is carried out disinfection, kill and remain in germ in soil and insect; Apply fertilizer every mu and execute barnyard manure or farmyard manure that 3 ~ 5 sides become thoroughly decomposed or take fulvic acid as the compoiste fertilizer of primary raw material and a small amount of composite chemical fertilizer and mix in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl barnyard manure to mix, sprinkle evenly plough deeply, rake, ridging, row spacing 50 ~ 70 centimetres, high 20 ~ 30 centimetres, general 1. 5 ~ 2.5 meters of distance between the ridges, plays furrow and rakes;
(3) support is set up: frame material can be rod also can be concrete column, and hack lever height is apart from ground 1.3 ~ 1.4 m; Level land hack lever strain clump leeward to, hillside fields hack lever at the steep of strain clump, rod spacing 4 ~ 5 m, cement pole spacing 8 ~ 10 m; Draw and tie up branch, make it to be evenly distributed on hack lever, form covering of the fan;
(4) field planting: by the m field planting of distance between rows and hills 1 m × 0.5, digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm planting furrowes, executes by every strain 5 ~ 10 kg become thoroughly decomposed manure of livestock and poultry or every 667m
2apply 50 kg composite fertilizers in bottom of trench, ditch filled and led up, then dig pitting raspberry seedling is planted into, requirement root system is unfolded, and is treaded by soil, then waters permeable, water ooze lower after cover 1 layer of loose table soil again, when planting, nursery stock root is apart from ground 15 cm, during blinding, soil pressure is real, disposable water permeable, 20 ~ 30 cm are stayed in overground part sub-cut, bury soil after autumn cultivation to survive the winter, immersion 12 ~ 24 h in shoot root portion before planting, sufficient to protect moisture in sapling body;
(5) manage after field planting: leaf stretching period or flowering stage too arid time, can at filling 1 water of ditching apart from strain clump 30 cm place, to promote that rudiment is neat; Topdress: generally open shallow ridges at strain clump base portion 20 cm place before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer application 30 g, Bian Shibian earthing, as poured water after soil drought fertilising; After fruit harvesting, N,P,K fertilizers mixing is applied, executes 50 g for every clump, to promote the raw branch vigorous growth of base;
(6) draw branch to prune: when branch is more than 1 meter, built is wanted to draw branch, every 5 ~ 10 meters of vertical posts in row, high 1. 5 meters apart from ground, make cross bar, and draw 2 ~ 3 road iron wire lines, upper strata iron wire is fixed on pillar top, lower floor's iron wire is apart from 0.8 meter, ground, suitable colligation, branch prunes general dividing 4 times, 1st pruning is when field planting, after Survival rate of nursery stock, to overstocked thin and delicate branch, damaged branch will be wiped out together, it is for 2nd time the pruning to the raw branch of base, the plant very few to branch density carries out pinching, promote that sprouting of lateral bud becomes branch, branch is more, every strain clump is selected and remain strong raw branch 6 ~ 8 strain of base of growing way, all the other are cut, for 3rd time grow to about 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters at branch, pluck top and control shoot growth, promote achievement, 4th pruning is after fruit picking terminates, to cut together bearing basal shoot, every mu of branch total amount, general control is at 2500 ~ 3000,
(7) diseases and pests controlling: disease worm will be watched out for all the time in raspberry production process and cause harm; Observe disease insect pest situation condition at any time, make with medicament control at any time, prevent popular in canopy, great outburst, before planting, preferably use 12L/ 667m
2dichloropropylene or use 10L/667m
2d-Trapex carries out soil-fumigating, prevent soil nematodes and fusarium wilt, raspberry mainly contains leaf spot, gray mold. and root rot and stem rot cause harm, 3 ~ 4 Be lime sulfurs can be sprayed after planting He before rudiment, 600 ~ 700 times of liquid prevention leaf diseases of 50 % carbendazim are sprayed after fruit picking, as there is gray mold and leaf spot, can spray the bactericide preventing and treating gray mold, also often there is stem rot in raspberry stem, causes branch extra large, withered, reduce output, thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid can be adopted, 40 % aliette 500 times liquid, tmtd 500 times of liquid controls.
2. according to claim 1 raspberry cuttage and seedling culture and high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that, described described Nutrition Soil comprises by weight: rural area soil 85% ~ 90%, fertilizer 5% ~ 10%, ash 1% phosphate fertilizer 4%; Described soilless culture substrate comprises by weight: loose squama 60% ~ 65% peat, 30% ~ 35% perlite 5%.
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Cited By (18)
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| CN104920136A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-23 | 程茂房 | Method for artificially cultivating raspberries |
| CN105340706A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 郎溪县美蓝农业开发有限公司 | Blueberry cutting seedling method convenient to root |
| CN105340529A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 郎溪县美蓝农业开发有限公司 | Blueberry cutting seedling method convenient to root |
| CN105393867A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-03-16 | 郎溪县美蓝农业开发有限公司 | Blueberry soil, and fertilizer and water management method |
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| CN106171374A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-12-07 | 崔素清 | A kind of cuttage breeding method of rasp berry |
| CN106359471A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Rooting agent containing grapefruit extract and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107624469A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-01-26 | 合肥满地金农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method for promoting raspberry to take root |
| CN108040814A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-18 | 杨凤素 | A kind of container seedling matrix formulations and preparation method thereof |
| CN110199759A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-06 | 镇江市丹徒区上党镇里墅村茶林场 | A kind of interplanting method of great Ye blueness and rasp berry |
| CN111418362A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-17 | 贵州省植物园 | Cutting seedling method for raspberries |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104920136A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-23 | 程茂房 | Method for artificially cultivating raspberries |
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| CN105340529A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-02-24 | 郎溪县美蓝农业开发有限公司 | Blueberry cutting seedling method convenient to root |
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