CN104541925A - Pollution-free cultivation method for increasing raspberry output - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pollution-free cultivation method for increasing raspberry output. The pollution-free cultivation method includes 1, preparing soils and applying fertilizers, to be specific, disinfecting soils of fields for raspberry planting to kill residual bacteria and insect pests in the soils; 2, establishing supports such as wooden rods or concrete columns 1.3-1.4 m in height by the ground; 3, performing planting with planting distance of 1 m * 0.5 m; 4, performing management after the planting, to be specific, in case of drought during leaf expansion period or florescence period, ditching a furrow away from the plants by 30 cm for irrigation, allowing sprouting in order; applying additional fertilizer, to be specific, before the florescence, a shadow furrow is ditched away from the plant roots by 20 cm, 30 g of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied while covering soils and then irrigation is applied in the case of soil drought; after collecting fruits, mixing and applying nitrogenous, phosphorus and potassic fertilizers to each plant with 50 g so as to prompt base growing branches to vigorously grow.

Description

a kind of method for non-polluted cultivation improving raspberry yield

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly a kind of method for non-polluted cultivation improving raspberry yield.

Background technology

Raspberry, also known as raspberry, raspberry, the wild certain kind of berries, rasp berry, Ma Linguo, pallet, raspberry etc., is the perennial undershrub of rose family rubus, and the cultivation history in existing more than 600 years, cultivating more country has Russia, the U.S., Poland, Canada etc.Though China is one of raspberry original producton location, artificial cultivation history only had for more than 80 years, was mainly distributed in the provinces such as Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei; The existing a small amount of cultivation in the area such as Yi Li, Changji, Urumchi in Xinjiang.Fruit of raspberry is polymerization berry, tender succulence, and color and luster is pleasant, unique flavor, containing more vitamin C, vitamin E, SOD, amino acid etc.; Fruit is similar greatly for sugar content and apple, pears, the citrus three of fruit of raspberry, amino acid content is higher than apple, grape, anti-ageing content of material is higher than existing any cultivation and wild fruit, except eating raw, extensive use is had in medicine, beauty treatment, health care, root, stem and leaf also has a medicinal efficacy, particularly cancer-resisting substance ellagic acid rich content, has prevention and certain curative effect to colon cancer, cervical carcinoma, breast cancer and cancer of pancreas.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides the method for non-polluted cultivation improving raspberry yield, comprises the following steps:

(1) site preparation and fertilization: carry out disinfection to the field soil will planting raspberry, kills and remains in germ in soil and insect; Apply fertilizer every mu and execute barnyard manure or farmyard manure that 3 ~ 5 sides become thoroughly decomposed or take fulvic acid as the compoiste fertilizer of primary raw material and a small amount of composite chemical fertilizer and mix in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl barnyard manure to mix, sprinkle evenly plough deeply, rake, ridging, row spacing 50 ~ 70 centimetres, high 20 ~ 30 centimetres, general 1. 5 ~ 2.5 meters of distance between the ridges, plays furrow and rakes;

(2) support is set up: frame material can be rod also can be concrete column, and hack lever height is apart from ground 1.3 ~ 1.4 m.Level land hack lever strain clump leeward to, hillside fields hack lever at the steep of strain clump, rod spacing 4 ~ 5 m, cement pole spacing 8 ~ 10 m.Draw and tie up branch, make it to be evenly distributed on hack lever, form covering of the fan;

(3) field planting: by the m field planting of distance between rows and hills 1 m × 0.5, digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm planting furrowes, executes by every strain 5 ~ 10 kg become thoroughly decomposed manure of livestock and poultry or every 667m ²apply 50 kg composite fertilizers in bottom of trench, ditch filled and led up, then dig pitting raspberry seedling is planted into, requirement root system is unfolded, and is treaded by soil, then waters permeable, water ooze lower after cover 1 layer of loose table soil again, when planting, nursery stock root is apart from ground 15 cm, during blinding, soil pressure is real, disposable water permeable, 20 ~ 30 cm are stayed in overground part sub-cut, bury soil after autumn cultivation to survive the winter, immersion 12 ~ 24 h in shoot root portion before planting, sufficient to protect moisture in sapling body;

(4) manage after field planting: leaf stretching period or flowering stage too arid time, can at filling 1 water of ditching apart from strain clump 30 cm place, to promote that rudiment is neat; Topdress: generally open shallow ridges at strain clump base portion 20 cm place before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer application 30 g, Bian Shibian earthing, as poured water after soil drought fertilising; After fruit harvesting, N,P,K fertilizers mixing is applied, executes 50 g for every clump, to promote the raw branch vigorous growth of base;

(5) draw branch to prune: when branch is more than 1 meter, built is wanted to draw branch, every 5 ~ 10 meters of vertical posts in row, high 1. 5 meters apart from ground, make cross bar, and draw 2 ~ 3 road iron wire lines, upper strata iron wire is fixed on pillar top, lower floor's iron wire is apart from 0.8 meter, ground, suitable colligation, 5. branch prunes general dividing 4 times, 1st pruning is when field planting, after Survival rate of nursery stock, to overstocked thin and delicate branch, damaged branch will be wiped out together, it is for 2nd time the pruning to the raw branch of base, the plant very few to branch density carries out pinching, promote that sprouting of lateral bud becomes branch, branch is more, every strain clump is selected and remain strong raw branch 6 ~ 8 strain of base of growing way, all the other are cut, for 3rd time grow to about 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters at branch, pluck top and control shoot growth, promote achievement, 4th pruning is after fruit picking terminates, to cut together bearing basal shoot, every mu of branch total amount, general control is at 2500 ~ 3000,

(6) diseases and pests controlling: disease worm will be watched out for all the time in raspberry production process and cause harm.Observe disease insect pest situation condition at any time, make with medicament control at any time, prevent popular in canopy, great outburst, before planting, preferably use 12L/ 667m ²dichloropropylene or use 10L/667m ²d-Trapex carries out soil-fumigating, prevent soil nematodes and fusarium wilt, raspberry mainly contains leaf spot, gray mold. and root rot and stem rot cause harm, 3 ~ 4 Be lime sulfurs can be sprayed after planting He before rudiment, 600 ~ 700 times of liquid prevention leaf diseases of 50 % carbendazim are sprayed after fruit picking, as there is gray mold and leaf spot, can spray the bactericide preventing and treating gray mold, also often there is stem rot in raspberry stem, causes branch extra large, withered, reduce output, thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid can be adopted, 40 % aliette 500 times liquid, tmtd 500 times of liquid controls.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

(1) site preparation and fertilization: carry out disinfection to the field soil will planting raspberry, kills and remains in germ in soil and insect; Apply fertilizer every mu and execute barnyard manure or farmyard manure that 3 ~ 5 sides become thoroughly decomposed or take fulvic acid as the compoiste fertilizer of primary raw material and a small amount of composite chemical fertilizer and mix in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl barnyard manure to mix, sprinkle evenly plough deeply, rake, ridging, row spacing 50 ~ 70 centimetres, high 20 ~ 30 centimetres, general 1. 5 ~ 2.5 meters of distance between the ridges, plays furrow and rakes;

(2) support is set up: frame material can be rod also can be concrete column, and hack lever height is apart from ground 1.3 ~ 1.4 m.Level land hack lever strain clump leeward to, hillside fields hack lever at the steep of strain clump, rod spacing 4 ~ 5 m, cement pole spacing 8 ~ 10 m.Draw and tie up branch, make it to be evenly distributed on hack lever, form covering of the fan;

(3) field planting: by the m field planting of distance between rows and hills 1 m × 0.5, digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm planting furrowes, executes by every strain 5 ~ 10 kg become thoroughly decomposed manure of livestock and poultry or every 667m ²apply 50 kg composite fertilizers in bottom of trench, ditch filled and led up, then dig pitting raspberry seedling is planted into, requirement root system is unfolded, and is treaded by soil, then waters permeable, water ooze lower after cover 1 layer of loose table soil again, when planting, nursery stock root is apart from ground 15 cm, during blinding, soil pressure is real, disposable water permeable, 20 ~ 30 cm are stayed in overground part sub-cut, bury soil after autumn cultivation to survive the winter, immersion 12 ~ 24 h in shoot root portion before planting, sufficient to protect moisture in sapling body;

(4) manage after field planting: leaf stretching period or flowering stage too arid time, can at filling 1 water of ditching apart from strain clump 30 cm place, to promote that rudiment is neat; Topdress: generally open shallow ridges at strain clump base portion 20 cm place before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer application 30 g, Bian Shibian earthing, as poured water after soil drought fertilising; After fruit harvesting, N,P,K fertilizers mixing is applied, executes 50 g for every clump, to promote the raw branch vigorous growth of base;

(5) draw branch to prune: when branch is more than 1 meter, built is wanted to draw branch, every 5 ~ 10 meters of vertical posts in row, high 1. 5 meters apart from ground, make cross bar, and draw 2 ~ 3 road iron wire lines, upper strata iron wire is fixed on pillar top, lower floor's iron wire is apart from 0.8 meter, ground, suitable colligation, 5. branch prunes general dividing 4 times, 1st pruning is when field planting, after Survival rate of nursery stock, to overstocked thin and delicate branch, damaged branch will be wiped out together, it is for 2nd time the pruning to the raw branch of base, the plant very few to branch density carries out pinching, promote that sprouting of lateral bud becomes branch, branch is more, every strain clump is selected and remain strong raw branch 6 ~ 8 strain of base of growing way, all the other are cut, for 3rd time grow to about 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters at branch, pluck top and control shoot growth, promote achievement, 4th pruning is after fruit picking terminates, to cut together bearing basal shoot, every mu of branch total amount, general control is at 2500 ~ 3000,

(6) diseases and pests controlling: disease worm will be watched out for all the time in raspberry production process and cause harm.Observe disease insect pest situation condition at any time, make with medicament control at any time, prevent popular in canopy, great outburst, before planting, preferably use 12L/ 667m ²dichloropropylene or use 10L/667m ²d-Trapex carries out soil-fumigating, prevent soil nematodes and fusarium wilt, raspberry mainly contains leaf spot, gray mold. and root rot and stem rot cause harm, 3 ~ 4 Be lime sulfurs can be sprayed after planting He before rudiment, 600 ~ 700 times of liquid prevention leaf diseases of 50 % carbendazim are sprayed after fruit picking, as there is gray mold and leaf spot, can spray the bactericide preventing and treating gray mold, also often there is stem rot in raspberry stem, causes branch extra large, withered, reduce output, thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid can be adopted, 40 % aliette 500 times liquid, tmtd 500 times of liquid controls.

The berry maturing stage of fruit harvesting raspberry is inconsistent, approximately sustainable about 1 month, should gather by stages and in groups.The berry of abundant maturation has unique local flavor, fragrance and color and luster, and pericarp is very soft, is easy to touch brokenly, the least and shallow porose plastic crate splendid attire fruit.After gathering 7 ~ 8 days for 1st time, berry is ripe in a large number, will gather 1 time every 1 ~ 2 day.Should gather every day 1 time when fruit is concentrated ripe.Gather as far as possible in the morning, now fragrance is the denseest, and rainy day should not gather.Appropriate mellow fruit all must be collected during each harvesting, in order to avoid be extended down to overdone when gathering next time and cause rotten.The fruit of returning of gathering will be delivered to the shady and cool place that ventilates in time and deposit, and the same day is delivered to freezer and refrigerates.Fruit quality is good, product are of fine quality, bright, fruit shape are satisfactory, give off a strong fragrance, unique flavor.Every strain fruit yield is 80-150g, average out to 100g.The First Year of plantation, spring, fruit yield reached 300 kg/667m2.

Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.

Claims (1)

1. improve a method for non-polluted cultivation for raspberry yield, it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps:

(1) site preparation and fertilization: carry out disinfection to the field soil will planting raspberry, kills and remains in germ in soil and insect; Apply fertilizer every mu and execute barnyard manure or farmyard manure that 3 ~ 5 sides become thoroughly decomposed or take fulvic acid as the compoiste fertilizer of primary raw material and a small amount of composite chemical fertilizer and mix in carbendazim or thiophanate methyl barnyard manure to mix, sprinkle evenly plough deeply, rake, ridging, row spacing 50 ~ 70 centimetres, high 20 ~ 30 centimetres, general 1. 5 ~ 2.5 meters of distance between the ridges, plays furrow and rakes;

(2) support is set up: frame material can be rod also can be concrete column, and hack lever height is apart from ground 1.3 ~ 1.4 m; Level land hack lever strain clump leeward to, hillside fields hack lever at the steep of strain clump, rod spacing 4 ~ 5 m, cement pole spacing 8 ~ 10 m; Draw and tie up branch, make it to be evenly distributed on hack lever, form covering of the fan;

(3) field planting: by the m field planting of distance between rows and hills 1 m × 0.5, digs wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm planting furrowes, executes by every strain 5 ~ 10 kg become thoroughly decomposed manure of livestock and poultry or every 667m ²apply 50 kg composite fertilizers in bottom of trench, ditch filled and led up, then dig pitting raspberry seedling is planted into, requirement root system is unfolded, and is treaded by soil, then waters permeable, water ooze lower after cover 1 layer of loose table soil again, when planting, nursery stock root is apart from ground 15 cm, during blinding, soil pressure is real, disposable water permeable, 20 ~ 30 cm are stayed in overground part sub-cut, bury soil after autumn cultivation to survive the winter, immersion 12 ~ 24 h in shoot root portion before planting, sufficient to protect moisture in sapling body;

(4) manage after field planting: leaf stretching period or flowering stage too arid time, can at filling 1 water of ditching apart from strain clump 30 cm place, to promote that rudiment is neat; Topdress: generally open shallow ridges at strain clump base portion 20 cm place before flowering, nitrogen fertilizer application 30 g, Bian Shibian earthing, as poured water after soil drought fertilising; After fruit harvesting, N,P,K fertilizers mixing is applied, executes 50 g for every clump, to promote the raw branch vigorous growth of base;

(5) draw branch to prune: when branch is more than 1 meter, built is wanted to draw branch, every 5 ~ 10 meters of vertical posts in row, high 1. 5 meters apart from ground, make cross bar, and draw 2 ~ 3 road iron wire lines, upper strata iron wire is fixed on pillar top, lower floor's iron wire is apart from 0.8 meter, ground, suitable colligation, 5. branch prunes general dividing 4 times, 1st pruning is when field planting, after Survival rate of nursery stock, to overstocked thin and delicate branch, damaged branch will be wiped out together, it is for 2nd time the pruning to the raw branch of base, the plant very few to branch density carries out pinching, promote that sprouting of lateral bud becomes branch, branch is more, every strain clump is selected and remain strong raw branch 6 ~ 8 strain of base of growing way, all the other are cut, for 3rd time grow to about 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters at branch, pluck top and control shoot growth, promote achievement, 4th pruning is after fruit picking terminates, to cut together bearing basal shoot, every mu of branch total amount, general control is at 2 500 ~ 3000,

(6) diseases and pests controlling: disease worm will be watched out for all the time in raspberry production process and cause harm; Observe disease insect pest situation condition at any time, make with medicament control at any time, prevent popular in canopy, great outburst, before planting, preferably use 12L/ 667m ²dichloropropylene or use 10L/667m ²d-Trapex carries out soil-fumigating, prevent soil nematodes and fusarium wilt, raspberry mainly contains leaf spot, gray mold. and root rot and stem rot cause harm, 3 ~ 4 Be lime sulfurs can be sprayed after planting He before rudiment, 600 ~ 700 times of liquid prevention leaf diseases of 50 % carbendazim are sprayed after fruit picking, as there is gray mold and leaf spot, can spray the bactericide preventing and treating gray mold, also often there is stem rot in raspberry stem, causes branch extra large, withered, reduce output, thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid can be adopted, 40 % aliette 500 times liquid, tmtd 500 times of liquid controls.