CN104303940B - A kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae - Google Patents

A kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae Download PDF

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CN104303940B
CN104303940B CN201410653027.0A CN201410653027A CN104303940B CN 104303940 B CN104303940 B CN 104303940B CN 201410653027 A CN201410653027 A CN 201410653027A CN 104303940 B CN104303940 B CN 104303940B
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fertilising
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plant
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CN104303940A (en
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徐华龙
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae, including (1) nursery: a, the selection of nursery lot and whole；B, the selection of cutting, gather and process；C, cuttage；(2) selection of reproducing area and arrangement: a, selection；B, arrangement；(3) plant: a, plant the time；B, Seedling pre-treatment of planting；C, plant；(4) tending management: a, middle weeding；B, trimming and finishing；(5) fertilizing management；(6) integrated pest prevention and control；The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this cultural method science is practical, the sub-standing forest of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae cultivated is neat, and seedling growth is rapid, executes efficient, low toxicity low residual hazard pesticide, and pest and disease damage is few, and Cape jasmine fruit is the biggest and full, epidermis light, ripe neat, per mu yield raising 0.5～1 times.

Description

A kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to a kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae.
Background technology
Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae is Rubiaceae evergreen shrubs, and its fruit has natural xanthein, in food medicine and chemical engineering industry Of many uses.As extracting the raw water Fructus Gardeniae of natural pigment, market demand is with annual 20～30% speed increase, especially Be Korea S, Japan, will be expected to rise from China's import a large amount of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae raw material, the market quotation every year, and wild resource supply falls short of demand. Therefore, artificial culture Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae subeconomy considerable benefit.
The main modes of reproduction of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae has three kinds: seminal propagation, cottage propagation and division propagation, wherein numerous with cuttage Growing more, because cottage propagation nursery stage is short, the concordance of offspring is good, it is possible to passes on the merit of maternal plant to greatest extent, is The main modes of reproduction of economic fruit tree, and seed belongs to sexual propagation, the offspring of sexual propagation there will be variation in various degree, Existing cottage propagation is divided into two classes, a class to be land for growing field crops breedings, and another kind of is seedbed breeding.
In recent years, finding in the cultivation to Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae, the Cape jasmine fruit of its cultivation is less, and Cape jasmine fruit size is uniform not, standing forest Regularity is poor, and the yield of Cape jasmine fruit is not high enough, and improper fertilization, also add planting cost, preventing further for pest and disease damage Measure of controlling is the most perfect, science, causes fruit-setting rate low.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above present in existing cultural method, it is desirable to provide a kind of sub-high-yield cultivating side of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae Method, this cultural method science is practical, and the sub-standing forest of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae cultivated is neat, and pest and disease damage is few, and Cape jasmine fruit is big and full, epidermis light, Ripe neat, per mu yield improves 0.5～1 times.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) nursery:
A, the selection of nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable sandy loam of soil property or light loam, by the end of February to March First bed of making wholely, seedbed width 1.0m～1.2m, deep 25cm～30cm, and execute the pigs and cattle excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal 15000～25000kg/hm2, Ling Shi Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer 1300～1800 kg/hm2, additional calcium lime powder 200～400 kg/ hm2Uniform spreading spills, sprinkling 1～the sterilization of 3% copperas solution, and executes 15～30 kg/hm2Insecticide；
B, the selection of cutting, gathering and process: choose 2 years raw healthy and strong branches, gather before morning 8 every day, cutting is long Degree 14～about 16cm, every root cutting retains 3～4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in cutting lower end 3～5cm, middle and upper part Blade retains, and is put into moisturizing in clear water in time, inserts with No. 1 500 times of liquid of ATP root-inducing powder or with No. 2 1000 times of immersions bubbles of root-inducing powder Fringe lower end, soak time 5～10s, immersion depth 2.5～3.5cm；
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, uses straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, by cutting Lower end is cut into inclined-plane, and clip smooths, and is removed by the blade in cutting lower end 3～5cm, plants smearing below cutting before cuttage Thing growth regulator, cutting density is 15cm × 20cm or 15cm × 25cm；
(2) selection of reproducing area and arrangement:
A, selection: choose acidity to neutral reddish yellow soil as reproducing area, it is warm that this reproducing area requires to adapt to more than-5 DEG C Degree；
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, employing is entirely cultivated or spot soil preparation, whole ground, fish-scale pit or horizontal ditch are whole Ground, entirely cultivate or spot soil preparation specification ground deep 50～60cm, wide 50～60cm, fish-scale pit wholely with horizontal ditch whole ground specification, ground is deep Equal 30～40cm, wide equal 30～40cm；
(3) plant:
A, plant the time: select to plant between late Febuary～early March, and select before rain, the cloudy or little rainy day Gas is transplanted；
B, Seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants Seedling uniformly, before planting to branch and Root is pruned, then mixes yellow mud with calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root；
C, planting system: in every cave, before planting, apply 3～5kg decomposed manures, 0.1～0.3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, calculogenesis Ashes 30～50g and appropriate 0.5% Borax mixing apply, and mix thoroughly with subsoil, upper cover 8～12cm thickness ground surface soil, every cave one strain, training Soil is steady and sure, and surface covers one layer and loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m or 2m × 2.5m；
(4) tending management:
A, middle weeding: once loosen the soil and weeding every 3～4 months then after cultivation, from the beginning of Second Year, the annual spring In summer and autumn, weeding is once, entirely cultivates weeding winter and earths up once；
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 20～30cm, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3～5 masters Branch, and be evenly distributed to surrounding, the height of tree controls between 160～180cm；
(5) fertilizing management: be divided into florescence fertilising, root fertilising and fertilising in winter；
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively the soil of root, leaf portion and the nursery stock of planting of nursery stock of planting is carried out comprehensively Sterilization.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described in described step (1) " nursery ", plant growth regulator is indole second Acid, naphthalene acetic acid or 2, the one in 4 D threes.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described step (5) " fertilizing management ", the florescence fertilising be divided into full-bloom stage fertilising with And thank to florescence fertilising, full-bloom stage fertilising sprays the mixed liquor of 0.15% Borax and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in blade face；Xie Hua Phase fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1～2 time 50 × 10 every 10～15d-6Gibberellins, 0.2% carbamide and 0.2% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate The mixed liquor of hydrogen potassium three.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in described step (5) " fertilizing management ", and root fertilising is to germinate plant Before, every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50～100g, summer fruit development period, every strain imposes 80～100g compound fertilizer, autumn picking fruit Before, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2～3kg.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in described step (5) " fertilizing management ", and winter applies fertilizer along tree crown drip Outer ditching-fertilizing is earthed up, and imposes fertilizer 25000～30000kg/hm2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 350～400 kg/hm2Calcium Magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer and 200～400 kg/hm2Calcium lime powder.
Further improvement of the present invention is: in described step (5) in " fertilizing management ", can catch cropping before closing to be afforested Set is cultivated peanut, the leguminous plant of short stem such as Semen sojae atricolor, after results, treats that listless being turned over of straw is buried in soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: first, the present invention sets about from nursery, and nursery stage is carried out the management that science is strict, Whole the nursery making bed is applied fertilizers scientifically, and during fertilising, increases applying of calcium lime powder, executing of calcium lime powder Entering and mainly prevent soil to be excessively acidified, and the most suitable PH of growth of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae is 4.5～5.5, soil belongs to faintly acid, therefore adds Calcium lime powder can regulate the pH value of soil, and good facilitation is played in the growth to Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae, carries out its soil meanwhile Comprehensively killing, it is ensured that cutting seedling can preferably grow, and, the seeding row spacing of cutting seedling be improved to 15 × 20cm or 15 × 25cm, the change of seeding row spacing, the growth not only making cutting seedling is more vigorous, and nursery stock is neat, healthy and strong, high-quality, and reduces skewer The usage amount of seedlings plugging, adds economic benefit, and nursery step is that the high yield of afforestation has made preferable place mat；Additionally, reproducing area In cultivation, use plant, the step such as tending management, fertilizing management and integrated pest prevention and control, accomplished to become more meticulous and science Management, under to the Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae long-term research of son, obtain it grow optimum pH value, absorb the fastest, best Fertilizer Combination, Making the Cape jasmine fruit that the sub-standing forest of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae is neat, produced big and full, epidermis light, per mu yield improves 0.5 times～1 times, to the side of planting Formula has been also carried out improving, and applies 3～5kg decomposed manures in every cave, 0.1～0.3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium lime powder 30～ 50g and appropriate 0.5% Borax mixing apply, and mix thoroughly with subsoil, upper cover 8～12cm thickness ground surface soil, every cave one strain, ridging having peace of mind, table Face covers one layer and loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m or 2m × 2.5m, with being suitably added of calcium lime powder, it is to avoid Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae root soil slant acidity, and in cave, apply suitable Fertilizer Combination, it is ensured that the various nutrient substance in soil Can be absorbed, additionally, in the integrated control of pest and disease damage, under suiting the medicine to the illness for the various pest and disease damages in the sub-growth course of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae Medicine, more thoroughly, the fruit substandard products of output are relatively low for the preventing and treating ratio of pest and disease damage, and the growth stage of whole fruit also shortens.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is further described.
Embodiment one:
A kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery:
A, the selection of nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable sandy loam of soil property or light loam, by the end of February to March First bed of making wholely, seedbed width 1.2m, deep 30cm, and execute the pigs and cattle excrement 25000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal2, separately execute Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer 1800 kg/hm2, additional calcium lime powder 400 kg/hm2Uniform spreading spills, and sprinkling 1～3% copperas solution kill Bacterium, and execute 30 kg/hm2Insecticide；
B, the selection of cutting, gather and process: choose 2 years raw healthy and strong branches, gather between 7 o'clock to 8 o'clock morning of every day, insert About bar length 16cm, every root cutting retains 3～4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 5cm of cutting lower end, the leaf of middle and upper part Sheet retains, and is put into moisturizing in clear water in time, by No. 2 1000 times of immersions bubble cutting lower ends of ATP root-inducing powder, soak time 10s, immerses Degree of depth 3.5cm；
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, uses straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, by cutting Lower end is cut into following, and clip smooths, and to smearing 2,4 D below cutting before cuttage, cutting density is 15cm × 25cm；
(2) selection of reproducing area and arrangement:
A, selection: choose draining is good, the soil is porous, fertile acidity is the most neutral reddish yellow soil and physical features flat terrain As reproducing area, choose；
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, the smooth area of physical features is suitable for employing and entirely cultivates or spot soil preparation, entirely cultivate or Spot soil preparation specification ground deep 50～60cm, wide 50～60cm；
(3) plant:
A, plant the time: select to plant between late Febuary～early March, and select to transplant before rain；
B, Seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants Seedling uniformly, before planting to branch and Root is pruned, then mixes yellow mud with calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root, it is ensured that root has the nutrition supply of abundance；
C, planting system: in every cave, before planting, execute 5kg decomposed manure, 0.3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium lime powder 50g and Appropriate 0.5% Borax mixing applies, and mixes thoroughly with subsoil, upper cover 12cm thickness ground surface soil, every cave one strain, ridging having peace of mind, and surface covers one Layer loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 2.5m；
(4) tending management:
A, middle weeding: once loosen the soil and weeding every 3～4 months then after cultivation, from the beginning of Second Year, the annual spring In summer and autumn, weeding is once, entirely cultivates weeding winter and earths up once；
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 30cm, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3 major branches, and to Surrounding is evenly distributed, height of tree 180cm, by pruning, cultivates the globular model tree crown that nursery stock is unfolded to surrounding；
(5) fertilizing management: being divided into florescence fertilising, root fertilising and fertilising in winter, " fertilizing management ", florescence fertilising is divided into Full-bloom stage applies fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays 0.15% Borax and the mixed liquor of 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate In blade face；Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1～2 time 50 × 10 every 15d-6Gibberellins, 0.2% carbamide and The mixed liquor of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three, root fertilising is before plant germinates, and every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 100g, summer fruit Period of development, every strain imposes 100g compound fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 3kg, and winter, fertilising was dripped along tree crown Waterline outer ditching-fertilizing ridging, imposes fertilizer 30000kg/hm2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 400 kg/hm2Calcium magnesium phosphate with And 400 kg/hm2Calcium lime powder；Intercropping Semen sojae atricolor before closing to be afforested, after results, treats that listless being turned over of soybean stalk buries soil Earth does natural fertilizers；
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively the soil of root, leaf portion and the nursery stock of planting of nursery stock of planting is carried out comprehensively Sterilization；Premorbid, i.e. mid-May and early August, spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate or 1:1:100 times of liquid Bordeaux mixture, often Every 15d once, continuous 2 times～3 times, brown stricture of vagina pinta is prevented；Larva three sprayed the Su Yun of every milligram of bacteria containing amount 0.5 hundred million～100,000,000 before age Gold bacillus, eliminates treble cut open country snout moth's larva；Foliage-spray 0.2%～0.3% copperas solution, 1 times a week, even spray 3 times, prevention blade face is yellow Blossom disease；Clean wooden land winter, loosen the soil spring, eliminate winter pupa；Wormed fruit is extractd in time in conjunction with flower and fruit thinning.With 25% dimehypo 200～ 300 times of diluents or 1200 times of diluents of 90% metrifonate are sprayed, and alabastrum, fruit phase use high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, disappear Go out hairstreak；Kill a red-spotted lizard demodicid mite 60～80 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings with 20% latter stage at children's initial stage in age a red-spotted lizard 1 age Mo 2, egg hatching, or use 10% thiazine 1000 times of liquid of ketone, or the rosin mixture of 10 times, Lime Sulphur To Control during clear garden, eliminate ceroplastes floridensis shell worm.
Embodiment two: a kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae,
(1) nursery:
A, the selection of nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable sandy loam of soil property or light loam, by the end of February to March First bed of making wholely, seedbed width 1.1m, deep 28cm, and execute the pigs and cattle excrement 20000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal2, separately execute Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer 1500 kg/hm2, additional calcium lime powder 300kg/hm2Uniform spreading spills, and sprinkling 1～3% copperas solution kill Bacterium, and execute 22 kg/hm2Subterranean pest-insect killed by metrifonate；
B, the selection of cutting, gather and process: choosing 2 years raw healthy and strong branches, gather in 6 o'clock to 7 o'clock morning of every day, cutting is long Degree about 15cm, every root cutting retains 3～4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 4cm of cutting lower end, and the blade of middle and upper part is protected Stay, be put into moisturizing in clear water in time, with No. 1 500 times of immersions bubble cutting lower end of ATP root-inducing powder, soak time 8s, immersion depth 3cm；
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, uses straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, by cutting Lower end is cut into inclined-plane, and clip smooths, and to smearing naphthalene acetic acid below cutting before cuttage, cutting density is 15cm × 20cm；
(2) selection of reproducing area and arrangement:
A, selection: choose draining is good, the soil is porous, fertile acidity is the most neutral reddish yellow soil and area, gentle slope, mountain area With hilly area, hilllock as reproducing area；
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, use horizontal ditch whole for area, gentle slope, mountain area and area, hilly area, hilllock, Horizontal ditch whole ground specification, ground deep 30～40cm, wide 30～40cm；
(3) plant:
A, plant the time: select to plant between late Febuary～early March, and select to transplant at light rain weather；
B, Seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants Seedling uniformly, before planting to branch and Root is pruned, then mixes yellow mud with calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root；
C, planting system: in every cave, before planting, apply 4kg decomposed manure, 0.2kg calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium lime powder 40g Applying with appropriate 0.5% Borax mixing, mix thoroughly with subsoil, upper cover 10cm thickness ground surface soil, every cave one strain, ridging having peace of mind, surface covers One layer is loosened the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 2m；
(4) tending management:
A, middle weeding: once loosen the soil and weeding every 3～4 months then after cultivation, from the beginning of Second Year, the annual spring In summer and autumn, weeding is once, entirely cultivates weeding winter and earths up once；
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 25cm, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3～5 major branches, and It is evenly distributed to surrounding, height of tree 170cm；
(5) fertilizing management: being divided into florescence fertilising, root fertilising and fertilising in winter, " fertilizing management ", florescence fertilising is divided into Full-bloom stage applies fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays 0.15% Borax and the mixed liquor of 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate In blade face；Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1～2 time 50 × 10 every 12d-6Gibberellins, 0.2% carbamide and The mixed liquor of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three, root fertilising is before plant germinates, and every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 70g, summer fruit Period of development, every strain imposes 90g compound fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2.5kg, and winter applies fertilizer along tree crown Drip outer ditching-fertilizing ridging, imposes fertilizer 28000kg/hm2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 380 kg/hm2Calcium magnesium phosphate And 300 kg/hm2Calcium lime powder；Intercropping Semen sojae atricolor before closing to be afforested, after results, treats that listless being turned over of soybean stalk is buried In soil, do natural fertilizers；
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively the soil of root, leaf portion and the nursery stock of planting of nursery stock of planting is carried out comprehensively Sterilization；Premorbid, i.e. mid-May and early August, spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate or 1:1:100 times of liquid Bordeaux mixture, often Every 15d once, continuous 2 times～3 times, brown stricture of vagina pinta is prevented；Larva three sprayed the Su Yun of every milligram of bacteria containing amount 0.5 hundred million～100,000,000 before age Gold bacillus, eliminates treble cut open country snout moth's larva；Foliage-spray 0.2%～0.3% copperas solution, 1 times a week, even spray 3 times, the prevention page is yellow Blossom disease；Clean wooden land winter, loosen the soil spring, eliminate winter pupa；Wormed fruit is extractd in time in conjunction with flower and fruit thinning.With 25% dimehypo 200～ 300 times of diluents or 1200 times of diluents of 90% metrifonate are sprayed,
Alabastrum, fruit phase use high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, eliminate hairstreak；At children initial stage in age a red-spotted lizard 1 age Mo 2, egg hatching Latter stage kills a red-spotted lizard demodicid mite 60～the spraying preventing and treating of 80 times of liquid with 20%, or with 1000 times of liquid of 10% Buprofezin, or the rosin mixture of 10 times, clear garden Time Lime Sulphur To Control, eliminate ceroplastes floridensis shell worm.
Embodiment three:
(1) nursery:
A, the selection of nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable sandy loam of soil property or light loam, by the end of February to March First bed of making wholely, seedbed width 1.0m, deep 25cm, and execute the pigs and cattle excrement 15000kg/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed crossed through nuisanceless disposal2, separately execute Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer 1300 kg/hm2, additional calcium lime powder 200 kg/hm2Uniform spreading spills, and calcium lime powder can help regulation soil The pH value of earth, the pH value of alleviation soil applies acidity relatively by force due to fertilizer, sprinkling 1～the sterilization of 3% copperas solution, and executes 15 kg/hm2Subterranean pest-insect killed by metrifonate；
B, the selection of cutting, gather and process: choose 2 years raw healthy and strong branches, gathered before 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock morning of every day, early Cutting before morning 8 is energetic, and vitality is more vigorous, and about cutting length 14cm, every root cutting retains 3～4 main buds, and Being removed by blade in the 3cm of cutting lower end, the blade of middle and upper part retains, and is put into moisturizing in clear water in time, with ATP root-inducing powder 1 500 times of immersion bubble cutting lower ends, soak time 5s, immersion depth 2.5cm；
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, uses straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, by cutting Lower end is cut into inclined-plane, and clip smooths, and to smearing heteroauxing below cutting before cuttage, promotes root growth, and cutting density is 15cm×20cm；
(2) selection of reproducing area and arrangement:
A, selection: choose that draining is good, the soil is porous, fertile acidity to neutral reddish yellow soil and with a varied topography, waste The hilly country on abrupt slope, mountain is as reproducing area；
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, for employing fish-scale pit, area with a varied topography, that barren hillside is steep wholely, Whole ground, fish-scale pit specification, ground deep 30～40cm, wide 30～40cm；
(3) plant:
A, plant the time: select to plant between late Febuary～early March, and select before rain, the cloudy or little rainy day Gas is transplanted；
B, Seedling pre-treatment of planting: select to cultivate in step (1), growing way plants Seedling uniformly, before planting to branch and Root is pruned, then mixes yellow mud with calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root；
C, planting system: in every cave, before planting, apply 3kg decomposed manure, 0.1kg calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium lime powder 30g Applying with appropriate 0.5% Borax mixing, mix thoroughly with subsoil, upper cover 8cm thickness ground surface soil, every cave one strain, ridging having peace of mind, surface covers One layer is loosened the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m；
(4) tending management:
A, middle weeding: once loosen the soil and weeding every 3～4 months then after cultivation, from the beginning of Second Year, the annual spring In summer and autumn, weeding is once, entirely cultivates weeding winter and earths up once；
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 20cm, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3～5 major branches, and It is evenly distributed to surrounding, height of tree 160cm；
(5) fertilizing management: being divided into florescence fertilising, root fertilising and fertilising in winter, " fertilizing management ", florescence fertilising is divided into Full-bloom stage applies fertilizer and thanks to florescence fertilising, and full-bloom stage fertilising sprays 0.15% Borax and the mixed liquor of 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate In blade face；Thank the florescence fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1～2 time 50 × 10 every 10d-6Gibberellins, 0.2% carbamide and The mixed liquor of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate three, root fertilising is that every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50～100g, summer before plant germinates Fruit development period, every strain imposes 80g compound fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2kg, and winter, fertilising was along tree The outer ditching-fertilizing ridging of hat drip, imposes fertilizer 25000kg/hm2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 350 kg/hm2Calcium and magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer and 200 kg/hm2Calcium lime powder；Before closing to be afforested can intercropping Semen arachidis hypogaeae, after results, treat that peanut straw is listless by it Turn over and bury in soil, do natural fertilizers；
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively the soil of root, leaf portion and the nursery stock of planting of nursery stock of planting is carried out comprehensively Sterilization；Premorbid, i.e. mid-May and early August, spray 1000 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate or 1:1:100 times of liquid Bordeaux mixture, often Every 12d once, continuous 2 times～3 times, brown stricture of vagina pinta is prevented；Larva three sprayed the Su Yun of every milligram of bacteria containing amount 0.5 hundred million～100,000,000 before age Gold bacillus, eliminates treble cut open country snout moth's larva；Foliage-spray 0.2%～0.3% copperas solution, 1 times a week, even spray 3 times, the prevention page is yellow Blossom disease；Clean wooden land winter, loosen the soil spring, eliminate winter pupa；Wormed fruit is extractd in time in conjunction with flower and fruit thinning.With 25% dimehypo 200～ 300 times of diluents or 1200 times of diluents of 90% metrifonate are sprayed,
Alabastrum, fruit phase use high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, eliminate hairstreak；At children initial stage in age a red-spotted lizard 1 age Mo 2, egg hatching Latter stage kills a red-spotted lizard demodicid mite 60～the spraying preventing and treating of 80 times of liquid with 20%, or with 1000 times of liquid of 10% Buprofezin, or the rosin mixture of 10 times, clear garden Time Lime Sulphur To Control, eliminate ceroplastes floridensis shell worm.

Claims (3)

1. the sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) nursery:
A, the selection of nursery lot and whole: select that irrigation and drainage are convenient, the preferable sandy loam of soil property or light loam, by the end of February to whole at the beginning of 3 months Bed, seedbed width 1.0m～1.2m, deep 25cm～30cm are made in ground, and execute through nuisanceless disposal cross become thoroughly decomposed pigs and cattle excrement 15000～ 25000kg/hm2, Ling Shi Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer 1300～1800 kg/hm2, additional calcium lime powder 200～400 kg/hm2Uniformly Paving is spilt, sprinkling 1～the sterilization of 3% copperas solution, and executes 15～30 kg/hm2Insecticide；
B, the selection of cutting, gathering and process: choose 2 years raw healthy and strong branches, gather before morning 8 every day, cutting length exists Between 14～16cm, every root cutting retains 3～4 main buds, and is removed by the blade in the 5cm of cutting lower end, the blade of middle and upper part Retain, be put into moisturizing in clear water in time, with No. 1 500 times of liquid of ATP root-inducing powder or with under No. 2 1000 times of immersions bubble cutting of root-inducing powder End, soak time 5～10s, immersion depth 2.5～3.5cm；
C, cuttage: cutting time is selected in late Febuary to early March, uses straight cutting method to carry out cuttage, during cuttage, by cutting lower end Being cut into inclined-plane, clip smooths, and is removed by the blade in the 5cm of cutting lower end, to smearing plant growing below cutting before cuttage Regulator, cutting density is 15cm × 20cm or 15cm × 25cm；
(2) selection of reproducing area and arrangement:
A, selection: choose the acid reddish yellow soil to neutrality and adapt to-5 DEG C of temperatures above as reproducing area, reproducing area requirement；
B, arrangement: afforestation is carried out winter the previous year, use entirely cultivate or the whole ground in spot soil preparation, fish-scale pit or horizontal ditch wholely, entirely Cultivate or spot soil preparation specification ground deep 50～60cm, wide 50～60cm, fish-scale pit wholely with horizontal ditch whole ground specification, ground the most equal 30～ 40cm, wide equal 30～40cm；
(3) plant:
A, plant the time: select to plant between late Febuary～early March, and select before rain, cloudy day or light rain weather moves Plant；
B, Seedling pre-treatment of planting: cultivate in selection step (1), growing way plants Seedling uniformly, to branch and root before planting Prune, then mix yellow mud with calcium magnesium phosphate and be stained with root；
C, planting system: in every cave, before planting, apply 3～5kg decomposed manures, 0.1～0.3kg calcium magnesium phosphate, calcium lime powder 30～50g and appropriate 0.5% Borax mixing apply, mix thoroughly with subsoil, upper cover 8～12cm thickness ground surface soil, every cave one strain, ridging is stepped on Real, surface covers one layer and loosens the soil, and planting density is seeding row spacing 2m × 1.5m or 2m × 2.5m；
(4) tending management:
A, middle weeding: once loosen the soil and weeding every 3～4 months then after cultivation, from the beginning of Second Year, annual spring and summer In autumn, weeding is once, entirely cultivates weeding winter and earths up once；
B, trimming and finishing: winter next year after planting, fixed dry at 20～30cm, after lateral bud grows, cultivate 3～5 major branches, and Being evenly distributed to surrounding, the height of tree controls between 160～180cm；
(5) fertilizing management: be divided into florescence fertilising, root fertilising and fertilising in winter；Florescence fertilising be divided into full-bloom stage fertilising and Thanking to florescence fertilising, full-bloom stage fertilising sprays the mixed liquor of 0.15% Borax and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in blade face；Thank to the florescence Fertilising be thank spend 3/4 time, spray 1～2 time 50 × 10 every 10～15d-6Gibberellins, 0.2% carbamide and 0.2% biphosphate The mixed liquor of potassium three；Root fertilising is before plant germinates, and every strain imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50～100g, summer fruit development period, Every strain imposes 80～100g compound fertilizer, and before autumn picking fruit, every strain imposes the fertilizer of 2～3kg；Winter, fertilising was dripped along tree crown Waterline outer ditching-fertilizing ridging, imposes fertilizer 25000～30000kg/hm2, and in fertilizer, mix mixed 350～400 kg/ hm2Calcium magnesium phosphate and 200～400 kg/hm2Calcium lime powder；
(6) integrated pest prevention and control: respectively the soil of root, leaf portion and the nursery stock of planting of nursery stock of planting is disappeared comprehensively Poison.
A kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step (1) " nursery " Described in plant growth regulator be heteroauxing, naphthalene acetic acid or 2, the one in 4 D threes.
A kind of sub-high-yield cultivating method of Fructus Gardeniae grandiflorae the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step " is executed in (5) Fertile management " in, intercropping Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Semen sojae atricolor before closing to be afforested, after results, treat that listless being turned over of straw is buried in soil.
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