CN104206223A - Blueberry cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN104206223A CN104206223A CN201410433629.5A CN201410433629A CN104206223A CN 104206223 A CN104206223 A CN 104206223A CN 201410433629 A CN201410433629 A CN 201410433629A CN 104206223 A CN104206223 A CN 104206223A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blueberry cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of planting. The blueberry cultivation method specifically comprises the following steps of garden plot selection: sandy loam of which the land is open and the drainage performance is good is selected; garden plot renovation: the land is deeply ploughed before planting blueberries, the soil is improved by sulfur powder, the PH value of soil is 3.5 to 5 .0, the ridge width is 5.0 meters to 5.5 meters, and drains are respectively arranged at both sides of the ridge; seedling planting: planting pits are dug in the ridges of the garden plot, the planting pits are internally covered with a 6 cm to 8 cm thick foundation fertilizer, a 1.5 cm to 2.0 cm thick soil layer is laid on the foundation fertilizer, blueberry seedlings are vertically put on the soil layer in the planting pits, annular blueberry seedlings and triennial blueberry seedlings are planted in an interspersed way; post-planting management: fertilization, pruning, irrigation, weeding, and disease prevention and other steps are carried out. The blueberry cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages of realizing mass and standard planting of blueberries, ensuring the quality and the yield of the blueberries, improving the economic efficiency, and meeting the needs of planting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, especially a kind of cultivation method of blueberry, belongs to planting technology field.
Background technology
Blueberry claims again blueberry, belong to Ericaceae, originate from North America, the little berry fruit tree of perennial shrub, in Blueberry, contain abundant nutrient component, there is the cerebral nerve of preventing aging, cardiac stimulant, anticancer, softening blood vessel, strengthen the functions such as human organism's immunity, because blueberry is rich in anthocyan, there is activation retina effect, can strengthen eyesight, prevent that eyeball is tired and enjoy and gaze at, one of five large healthy fruit of the World Food Programme's recommendation, blueberry pulp is fine and smooth, unique flavor, moderately sour and sweet, there is fragrant refreshing pleasant fragrance, in blueberry such as protein, the conventional nutrient composition content of vitamin etc. is very abundant, blueberry can effectively reduce cholesterol, atherosclerosis, promote cardiovascular health, there is enhancing cardiac function, pre-anti-cancer and cardiopathic effect, can prevent that cerebral nerve is old and feeble, strengthen mental, can strengthen eyesight, alleviate eyeball fatigue, can also treat general cold, have sore throat and the disease such as diarrhoea.The cultivation of blueberry approximately has last 100 years historical, the U.S. has carried out artificial cultivation at first, after the U.S., a plurality of national competitively introducing and plantings that wait also, according to the climatic characteristic of own country and resources advantage, carried out blueberry research and the cultivation work with national characteristic, China starts from upper world eighties to the research of blueberry, carried out the work of blueberry introducing and planting, blueberry cultivation technology, soil melioration work have been done to large quantity research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing plant Suo Cong U.S. introduces a fine variety blueberry and cultivates research, and filters out the improved seeds that are applicable to south China regional culture.Existing blueberry is in planting process, soil need to be improved, the acid-base value of adjusting soil enables to meet the plantation needs of blueberry, soil melioration is very important link in the cultivation work of blueberry, existing blueberry in the course of cultivation, often having with improper fertilization causes blueberry seedling to produce situations such as burning root, and due to the accurate not standard of existing blueberry cultivation method, cause blueberry in field planting process, often can produce the slow survival rate of taking root low, cultivation period is long, cause the output of blueberry lower, reduced economic benefit, seriously hindered the sustainable development of blueberry, can not meet the needs of plantation.
The patent of invention that application number is 201010555784.6 provides a kind of northern blueberry-growing method, it comprises kind selection and seedling-wood breeding, the breeding of nursery stock comprises that the collection of cutting hides with husky, cuttage, plantation density, whole ground, plant, underground management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, prune, the step such as survive the winter cold-proof, but in blueberry cultivation process, the accurate improvement of acid-base value is carried out in the field of blueberry not being planted, can affect the normal growth of blueberry, at blueberry, utilize nutritive cube to carry out in the process of cuttage, survival rate is low, can not guarantee economic benefit, the at present domestic blueberry in south plantation is fewer, all generally to take import as main, on market, be badly in need of a kind of method of applicable south plantation blueberry.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome existing above-mentioned deficiency in prior art, and a kind of standardization blueberry cultivation method that can guarantee blueberry quality and yield is provided.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A cultivation method for blueberry, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) field is selected: select soil open, and the sandy loam matter that drainage performance is good, loosing soil, ventilation is good, the level land that physical features is milder or ground, gentle slope, the gradient on ground, gentle slope is less than 10 degree;
(2) field transformation: soil deep ploughing was digged in front 4 ~ 5 months in blueberry plantation, deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 25 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres, and Cosan is improved soil, is evenly sprinkled into Cosan and plants field and plough deeply and mix, and P in soil H value is 3.5 ~ 5.0; Ridge, field platform is shaped, and ridge platform width is 5.0 meters ~ 5.5 meters, and platform both sides, ridge are respectively arranged with drain ditch, 50 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres of draining furrow widths, and dark 70 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, top, field and surrounding are respectively arranged with bird prevention net;
(3) Seeding planting: excavate planting pit on the platform of ridge, field, planting pit is the round pool of 0.8 meter ~ 1.2 meters of diameters, the planting pit degree of depth is 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimetres, and in planting pit, on uniform spreading, 6 centimetres ~ 8 cm thick bases are fertile, spreads the dirt bed of 1.5 centimetres ~ 2.0 cm thicks on basic fertilizer; Selection root system is sturdy, be highly the annual blueberry seedling of 20 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres and be highly 3 years raw blueberry seedlings of 40 centimetres ~ 50 centimetres, blueberry seedling is vertically placed on the dirt bed in planting pit and by root system and is launched, on blueberry shoot root, covering earth buries fixing by seedling root, make root in lower 5 centimetres ~ 7 centimeters of earth, in time blueberry seedling is watered permeable, 1 meter ~ 1.2 meters of blueberry seedling fore-and-aft clearances, apart from 1.8 meters ~ 2.0 meters, annual blueberry seedling and 3 years raw blueberry seedlings intert plants between left and right;
(4) plant rear management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, a small amount of principle is repeatedly followed in fertilising, first 1 ~ 6 month, within every 20 days ~ 25 days, apply one time nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.2 kilogram ~ 0.3 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling every 5 days ~ 7 days of flowering stage applied one time phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling fruiting period applies one time nitrogen for every 10 days ~ 15 days, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, annual spring and autumn, blueberry seedling applies fertilizer, fertilizer covers on the dirt bed of field uniformly, within every 15 days ~ 20 days, apply once, every mu of soil applies 700 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms at every turn, spring and autumn applies respectively 2000 kilograms ~ 2500 kilograms fertilizers, within every 3 months, utilize Cosan improvement soil, control the pH value of soil, blueberry seedling be take and cut off bud as main when First Year is pruned after field planting, when blueberry seedling Second Year after field planting is pruned, take and remove the bad branch of residual branch as main, blueberry seedling be take in the 3rd year and is expanded tree crown and control tree-like as main, regularly blueberry seedling is pruned, blueberry seedling is after entering adult high yield period, when pruning, mainly remove interior thorax branch, weak branch and sick branch, to some fruit-bearing shoot cluster renewals that bounces back in time for many years, blueberry seedling, after field planting, waters normal root water in time, and the PH that utilizes Cosan to control normal root water is 4.0 ~ 5.0, within every 3 days ~ 4 days, once irrigates, and within every 6 days ~ 7 days before Blueberry developmental stage and fruit maturation, irrigates once, at blueberry seedling growing period, regularly carry out weeding to field every month, and weeding severity control is at 3 centimetres ~ 4 centimetres, resting stage in the growth of blueberry seedling is carried out garden clearly, knows the dry branches and fallen leaves in garden, in conjunction with soil, ploughs deeply, and some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed, at vegetative period timely spraying fungicide and insecticide.
Further, the specification of described Cosan is fineness 400 object Cosans, P in soil H just when being 4.0 ~ 4.5.
Further, the raw material that described basic fertilizer comprises following weight parts: 30 parts ~ 40 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 40 parts ~ 50 parts of sawdusts, 20 parts ~ 30 parts of fertilizers, described sawdust adopts pine tree sawdust.
Further, described blueberry seedling adopts south high clump blueberry seedling.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and effect: a kind of blueberry cultivation method of the present invention, the present invention utilizes Cosan the soil in field to be carried out to the improvement of acid-base value, and the Cosan that utilizes regular in blueberry planting process regulates and controls unexpected acid-base value, the fineness of Cosan is 400 orders, can more rapidly and efficiently will regulate and control suddenly, guarantee blueberry seedling normal growth; By platform both sides, ridge, drain ditch is set, can effectively water be discharged, avoid soaking in water and causing rotten for a long time at the more weather blueberry shoot root of rainwater; By with surrounding, bird prevention net is set respectively above field, can avoid blueberry by birds, to be held in the month and peck after maturation, affect the output of blueberry; In blueberry field planting process, on the fertilizer of the basis of planting pit, spread certain thickness dirt bed, can avoid basis fertilizer directly to contact with blueberry shoot root, cause blueberry seedling to produce and burn root phenomenon; By one year seedling and 3 years raw seedlings being interted to plantation on field, utilize one year seedling and 3 years low differences of raw height of seedling, can in blueberry seedling developmental process, better pollinate, illumination also can more reasonably be utilized, make the more healthy and strong growth of blueberry seedling, improved blueberry output; By follow a small amount of principle repeatedly in blueberry fertilising process, can guarantee that blueberry long period is subject to fertilizer uniformly, and according to the growth needs of blueberry, carry out the operation of precise and high efficiency in the steps such as pruning, irrigation, weeding and diseases prevention, improve the growing environment of blueberry, effectively raise the Quality and yield of blueberry, meet the needs of blueberry plantation.
Embodiment
For ease of understanding the present invention, it is as follows that the present invention enumerates embodiment, and described embodiment can do further to supplement and explanation to the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
A cultivation method for blueberry, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) field is selected: select soil open, and the sandy loam matter that drainage performance is good, loosing soil, ventilation is good, the level land that physical features is milder or ground, gentle slope, the gradient on ground, gentle slope is less than 10 degree.
(2) field transformation: soil deep ploughing was digged in front 4 ~ 5 months in blueberry plantation, deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 25 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres, and Cosan is improved soil, is evenly sprinkled into Cosan and plants field and plough deeply and mix, and P in soil H value is 3.5 ~ 5.0; Ridge, field platform is shaped, and ridge platform width is 5.0 meters ~ 5.5 meters, and platform both sides, ridge are respectively arranged with drain ditch, 50 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres of draining furrow widths, and dark 70 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, top, field and surrounding are respectively arranged with bird prevention net.
(3) Seeding planting: excavate planting pit on the platform of ridge, field, planting pit is the round pool of 0.8 meter ~ 1.2 meters of diameters, the planting pit degree of depth is 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimetres, and in planting pit, on uniform spreading, 6 centimetres ~ 8 cm thick bases are fertile, spreads the dirt bed of 1.5 centimetres ~ 2.0 cm thicks on basic fertilizer; Selection root system is sturdy, be highly the annual blueberry seedling of 20 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres and be highly 3 years raw blueberry seedlings of 40 centimetres ~ 50 centimetres, blueberry seedling is vertically placed on the dirt bed in planting pit and by root system and is launched, on blueberry shoot root, covering earth buries fixing by seedling root, make root in lower 5 centimetres ~ 7 centimeters of earth, in time blueberry seedling is watered permeable, 1 meter ~ 1.2 meters of blueberry seedling fore-and-aft clearances, apart from 1.8 meters ~ 2.0 meters, annual blueberry seedling and 3 years raw blueberry seedlings intert plants between left and right.
(4) plant rear management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, a small amount of principle is repeatedly followed in fertilising, first 1 ~ 6 month, within every 20 days ~ 25 days, apply one time nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.2 kilogram ~ 0.3 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling every 5 days ~ 7 days of flowering stage applied one time phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling fruiting period applies one time nitrogen for every 10 days ~ 15 days, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, annual spring and autumn, blueberry seedling applies fertilizer, fertilizer covers on the dirt bed of field uniformly, within every 15 days ~ 20 days, apply once, every mu of soil applies 700 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms at every turn, spring and autumn applies respectively 2000 kilograms ~ 2500 kilograms fertilizers, within every 3 months, utilize Cosan improvement soil, control the pH value of soil, blueberry seedling be take and cut off bud as main when First Year is pruned after field planting, when blueberry seedling Second Year after field planting is pruned, take and remove the bad branch of residual branch as main, blueberry seedling be take in the 3rd year and is expanded tree crown and control tree-like as main, regularly blueberry seedling is pruned, blueberry seedling is after entering adult high yield period, when pruning, mainly remove interior thorax branch, weak branch and sick branch, to some fruit-bearing shoot cluster renewals that bounces back in time for many years, blueberry seedling, after field planting, waters normal root water in time, and the PH that utilizes Cosan to control normal root water is 4.0 ~ 5.0, within every 3 days ~ 4 days, once irrigates, and within every 6 days ~ 7 days before Blueberry developmental stage and fruit maturation, irrigates once, at blueberry seedling growing period, regularly carry out weeding to field every month, and weeding severity control is at 3 centimetres ~ 4 centimetres, resting stage in the growth of blueberry seedling is carried out garden clearly, knows the dry branches and fallen leaves in garden, in conjunction with soil, ploughs deeply, and some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed, at vegetative period timely spraying fungicide and insecticide.
The specification of Cosan of the present invention is fineness 400 object Cosans, P in soil H just when being 4.0 ~ 4.5.The raw material that basic fertilizer of the present invention comprises following weight parts: 30 parts ~ 40 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 40 parts ~ 50 parts of sawdusts, 20 parts ~ 30 parts of fertilizers, described sawdust adopts pine tree sawdust.Blueberry seedling of the present invention adopts south high clump blueberry seedling.By the blueberry implantation methods of the present embodiment, can efficiently regulate and control according to the needs of blueberry growth the acid-base value of soil, and operate accurately and effectively in each process of growth of blueberry, improve the growing environment of blueberry, effectively raise the Quality and yield of blueberry, meet the needs of blueberry plantation.
Above content described in this specification is only made for the present invention illustrating.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment; only otherwise depart from the content of specification of the present invention or surmount this scope as defined in the claims, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a cultivation method for blueberry, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) field is selected: select soil open, and the sandy loam matter that drainage performance is good, loosing soil, ventilation is good, the level land that physical features is milder or ground, gentle slope, the gradient on ground, gentle slope is less than 10 degree;
(2) field transformation: soil deep ploughing was digged in front 4 ~ 5 months in blueberry plantation, deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 25 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres, and Cosan is improved soil, is evenly sprinkled into Cosan and plants field and plough deeply and mix, and P in soil H value is 3.5 ~ 5.0; Ridge, field platform is shaped, and ridge platform width is 5.0 meters ~ 5.5 meters, and platform both sides, ridge are respectively arranged with drain ditch, 50 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres of draining furrow widths, and dark 70 centimetres ~ 80 centimetres, top, field and surrounding are respectively arranged with bird prevention net;
(3) Seeding planting: excavate planting pit on the platform of ridge, field, planting pit is the round pool of 0.8 meter ~ 1.2 meters of diameters, the planting pit degree of depth is 15 centimetres ~ 20 centimetres, and in planting pit, on uniform spreading, 6 centimetres ~ 8 cm thick bases are fertile, spreads the dirt bed of 1.5 centimetres ~ 2.0 cm thicks on basic fertilizer; Selection root system is sturdy, be highly the annual blueberry seedling of 20 centimetres ~ 30 centimetres and be highly 3 years raw blueberry seedlings of 40 centimetres ~ 50 centimetres, blueberry seedling is vertically placed on the dirt bed in planting pit and by root system and is launched, on blueberry shoot root, covering earth buries fixing by seedling root, make root in lower 5 centimetres ~ 7 centimeters of earth, in time blueberry seedling is watered permeable, 1 meter ~ 1.2 meters of blueberry seedling fore-and-aft clearances, apart from 1.8 meters ~ 2.0 meters, annual blueberry seedling and 3 years raw blueberry seedlings intert plants between left and right;
(4) plant rear management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, a small amount of principle is repeatedly followed in fertilising, first 1 ~ 6 month, within every 20 days ~ 25 days, apply one time nitrogenous fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.2 kilogram ~ 0.3 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling every 5 days ~ 7 days of flowering stage applied one time phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, blueberry seedling fruiting period applies one time nitrogen for every 10 days ~ 15 days, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer, every strain blueberry seedling applies 0.3 kilogram ~ 0.4 kilogram at every turn, annual spring and autumn, blueberry seedling applies fertilizer, fertilizer covers on the dirt bed of field uniformly, within every 15 days ~ 20 days, apply once, every mu of soil applies 700 kilograms ~ 800 kilograms at every turn, spring and autumn applies respectively 2000 kilograms ~ 2500 kilograms fertilizers, within every 3 months, utilize Cosan improvement soil, control the pH value of soil, blueberry seedling be take and cut off bud as main when First Year is pruned after field planting, when blueberry seedling Second Year after field planting is pruned, take and remove the bad branch of residual branch as main, blueberry seedling be take in the 3rd year and is expanded tree crown and control tree-like as main, regularly blueberry seedling is pruned, blueberry seedling is after entering adult high yield period, when pruning, mainly remove interior thorax branch, weak branch and sick branch, to some fruit-bearing shoot cluster renewals that bounces back in time for many years, blueberry seedling, after field planting, waters normal root water in time, and the PH that utilizes Cosan to control normal root water is 4.0 ~ 5.0, within every 3 days ~ 4 days, once irrigates, and within every 6 days ~ 7 days before Blueberry developmental stage and fruit maturation, irrigates once, at blueberry seedling growing period, regularly carry out weeding to field every month, and weeding severity control is at 3 centimetres ~ 4 centimetres, resting stage in the growth of blueberry seedling is carried out garden clearly, knows the dry branches and fallen leaves in garden, in conjunction with soil, ploughs deeply, and some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed, at vegetative period timely spraying fungicide and insecticide.
2. the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the specification of described Cosan is fineness 400 object Cosans, P in soil H just when being 4.0 ~ 4.5.
3. the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the raw material that described basic fertilizer comprises following weight parts: 30 parts ~ 40 parts of the peats composed of rotten mosses, 40 parts ~ 50 parts of sawdusts, 20 parts ~ 30 parts of fertilizers, described sawdust employing pine tree sawdust.
4. the cultivation method of a kind of blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described blueberry seedling adopts south high clump blueberry seedling.
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| CN107258441A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving blueberry yield and quality |
| CN107787749A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-13 | 无为县雨露生态农业有限公司 | The implantation methods of blueberry |
| CN108739182A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-11-06 | 贵州百灵企业集团制药股份有限公司 | The normalized planting method made between bletilla and blueberry |
| CN108739182B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-07-17 | 贵州百灵企业集团制药股份有限公司 | Standardized planting method for bletilla striata and blueberry intercropping |
| CN109618797A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-16 | 南京苏台农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains |
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