CN109618797A - A kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains - Google Patents
A kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains Download PDFInfo
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- CN109618797A CN109618797A CN201910038980.7A CN201910038980A CN109618797A CN 109618797 A CN109618797 A CN 109618797A CN 201910038980 A CN201910038980 A CN 201910038980A CN 109618797 A CN109618797 A CN 109618797A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of blueberry cultivation methods of Hills And Low Mountains, including including that field selects transformation, the soil improvement in field, field ridge platform, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning fruit tree, soil management, weeding pest control step.Since the present invention pass through soil is transformed, in conjunction with the growth characteristics of blueberry, targetedly transformation field, improvement soil texture, liquid manure is appropriate in the water and fertilizer management in later period, soil management, soil is suitable for the growth for being conducive to blueberry fruit tree and the result of blueberry, and by the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in later period, it can guarantee the harvesting high-quality high-yield of Blueberry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blueberry cultivation methods of Hills And Low Mountains, belong to the technical field of cultivation of a planting fruit-trees.
Background technique
Blueberry is also known as blueberry or blue berry, belongs to Ericaceae genus vaccinium shrub plant.Fruit is mostly bluish violet, soft more
Juice, moderately sour and sweet, flavor is pure and beautiful, has special fragrance, is rich in vitamin C, has higher edible value, grind through modern medicine
Studying carefully proves with zoopery, and the antioxidant such as specific blueberry anthocyanin, which have, in berry prevents cranial nerve aging, increases
Strong cardiac function, improves the unique effects such as memory and cancer-resisting at prevention asthenopia, there is higher economic value and wide
Development prospect, therefore FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) is classified as one of big healthy food of the mankind five, referred to as third generation in the world " water
The king of fruit ".It is in the past 30 years USA and Europe national development most rapidly, one of the higher emerging excellent fruit tree of economic value.China
Had for 30 years to the introducing and planting of blueberry, but the gross area of whole nation cultivation is also less than 50,000 hectares.
In recent years, the provinces and cities such as the Liaoning in China, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing have successively started what indigo plant was replaced
Cultivation.Wherein, the area such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guizhou is mostly distributed with red soil, yellowish soil, and summer temp is high, moistens rainy, is suitable for resistance to
The cultivation of damp and hot Vaccinium ashei and southern high clump blueberry.But the yellowish soil of Jiangsu Province is distributed in Hills And Low Mountains, the soil body is deep
Thickness, it is hair that heavy in texture, the development of core shape core column structure, pH value is higher, degree of base saturation is high, and the natural fertility of soil is higher
Exhibition agricultural, the base for planting fruit tree.However, blueberry likes acid soil, sensitive to soil pH value, salinity, pH, salinity are excessively high unfavorable
In the growth of blueberry.Therefore, the blueberry cultivation method of a kind of pair of Hills And Low Mountains is probed into, soil matrix is improved, it is raw to improve blueberry
Long situation improves salt tolerance, can be improved fruit yield, improves fruit quality, can hold to thrust zone economy, society and ecology
Supervention exhibition will have special significance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above existing problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of blueberry cultivation methods of Hills And Low Mountains, lead to
Improvement soil matrix is crossed, blueberry upgrowth situation is improved, can be improved fruit yield, improves fruit quality.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains,
Including field selection transformation, the soil improvement in field, field ridge platform, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning fruit tree, soil management,
Weeding pest control, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) field selection transformation: first selecting soil open, and loosing soil, ventilation is good, and the gradient is no more than 5 degree of field,
It plants preceding 5~June in blueberry again soil deep ploughs, deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 40~50cm.
(2) it the soil improvement in field: prepared by vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer
Base manure be uniformly sprinkled into the soil of deep ploughing, carry out deep ploughing 3~4 times, uniformly, control soil pH value is 4~5 for deep ploughing；
(3) field ridge platform: by field forming ridges, ridge platform width is 1.8~2m, the spacing between two ridge platforms is 0.8~
1m is equipped with gutter every two ridge platforms, and draining furrow width is 20~25cm, and ditch depth is 50~55cm；
(4) Seeding planting: choose root system it is sturdy, highly be 30~40cm annual blueberry seedling, on each ridge in field
On platform, using ridge platform center line as cave point dig planting pit, planting pit be 0.7~1m of diameter round pool, field planting acupoint depth degree be 15~
20cm, 1~1.2m of each planting pit fore-and-aft clearance apply the matrix of 4~5cm in planting pit middle berth, blueberry seedling are placed on vertically
It is unfolded on dirt bed in planting pit and by root system, soil is covered on blueberry seedling root by seedling root and buries fixation, root is made to be in mud
Lower 10~the 13cm of soil, pours root water in time, blueberry seedling is irrigated, and blueberry seedling is between left and right away from for 1.7~2m；
(5) water and fertilizer management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, Shi Shui, fertilising are all made of drip irrigation；Water is irrigated: 3~4d/ times,
The Blueberry stage of development 5~6d/ times, 7~8d/ times before fruit maturation；Fertilizer is irrigated: trickle irrigation humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, 50~55d/
It is secondary, 0.15~0.2kg/ plants of applied amount；In blueberry seedling florescence and fruiting period, trickle irrigation amino acid Water soluble fertilizer 7~10d/ times, is applied
0.2~0.25kg/ plants of dosage；Annual spring and autumn, trickle irrigation organic water-soluble fertilizer, 28~32d/ times, 300~400kg/ of applied amount
Mu；
(6) soil management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, sulphur powder is ground, 200~250 mesh is ground to, uniformly spills and be layered on
On the dirt bed of field, then with water droplet filling be dissolved in soil, carry out soil improvement, April/time, control soil pH value be 4.4~
4.8；
(7) pruning fruit tree: blueberry seedling after field planting, first trimming when to cut off bud, second year removes residual branch bad branch and is
It is main, third year with expand tree crown and control it is tree-like based on, blueberry seedling periodically trims blueberry seedling after entering and growing up high yield period,
It year trims in two times, first is that the light pruning after fruit picking, to wipe out disease branch, based on old branch, second is that winter pruning, with center comb branch and cuts
Except sick branch, old branch, small and weak branch and some many years fruit-bearing shoot clusters carry out retraction update in time；
(8) weeding pest control: in blueberry seedling growth period, weeding periodically is carried out to field within every 2 months, weeding is deep-controlled
In 3~4cm, in conjunction with soil deep tillage；It to adult, is trapped and killed in fructescence with sugar-vinegar liquid, to larva, in October~April next year
It takes deep ploughing to be exposed to the sun, some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed.
Preferably, blueberry seedling selection dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf branch, the fruit Miao Nan high clump blueberry seedling of health of root or lagophthalmos are blue
Certain kind of berries seedling.
Preferably, the base manure is 1:0.2~0.3:0.02~0.03:0.05~0.1:1.3~1.5 vinegar by weight ratio
Grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, by vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid and EM microorganism
Bacterium is added to fermentation vat, stirs evenly, and is sealed by fermentation 4~5d, then adds the humic acid Water soluble fertilizer of above-mentioned weight, and stirring is equal
It is even, obtain base manure.
Preferably, the matrix is mixed by the humic acid Water soluble fertilizer and fertile soil that weight ratio is 1:1.7~2, is stirred evenly,
Obtain matrix.
Preferably, the sugar-vinegar liquid is 15:1.8~2:1.3~1.5:0.8~1 water, brown sugar, vinegar and red by weight ratio
Wine mixing, stirs evenly, is made.
Preferably, described water is the mixture that will be made of weight ratio for the sulphur powder of 1:0.02~0.03 and indolebutyric acid
It is added in pure water, stirring is completely dissolved, and the pH value of control root water is 4.0~5.0.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, since the present invention by conjunction with the growth characteristics of blueberry, being targetedly transformed field, passing through soil is transformed
Vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and the base manure of humic acid Water soluble fertilizer preparation improve soil texture, in the later period
Periodic water droplet is targetedly carried out in water and fertilizer management to fill and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, amino acid Water soluble fertilizer, organic water-soluble fertilizer drop
It fills, and periodically improves the pH value of soil in the soil management in later period, liquid manure is appropriate, soil is suitable for being conducive to blueberry fruit tree
Growth and blueberry as a result, and by the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control in later period, can guarantee the harvesting high-quality high-yield of Blueberry.
2, entire cultivation is invented from field selection transformation, soil improvement, through Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, soil
Earth management, pruning fruit tree, the weeding prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the blueberry seedling that cultural method is cultivated have survival rate height, growth rate high, blueberry
Fruiting rate is high, and fruit is healthy and strong, and it is few to manage simplicity, disease.
3, the improvement of soil environment is reached organic level by the present invention, reduces Pesticide use amount, saves control cost, full
Sufficient pollution-free food production demand, while not influencing yield, gradually smooth transition to organic production.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the present invention with specific embodiment below, but is not the limitation to invention.
It screens the screening embodiment of the soil improvement base manure in embodiment field: 5 squares is spilled into respectively to different base manure
The soil of the deep ploughing of rice:
1, sulphur powder is uniformly sprinkled into the soil of deep ploughing, carries out deep ploughing 3 times, deep ploughing is uniform, soil pH value 4.4.
2, the base for being mixed with the base manure by vinegar grain, sulphur powder and indolebutyric acid that weight ratio is 1:0.4:0.025
Fertilizer is sprinkled into the soil of deep ploughing, carries out deep ploughing 3 times, deep ploughing is uniform, soil pH value 4.5.
3, select base manure micro- for the vinegar grain of 1:0.3:0.025:0.08:1.45, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM by weight ratio
Vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid and EM microbial bacteria are added to fermentation vat, stirred evenly by biological bacteria and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer,
It is sealed by fermentation 4~5d, the humic acid Water soluble fertilizer of above-mentioned weight is then added, stirs evenly, base manure is made, base manure is sprinkled into depth
Cultivated soil carries out deep ploughing 3 times, and deep ploughing is uniform, soil pH value 4.5.
It is found by above-mentioned screening embodiment, the requirement according to blueberry to soil adjusts the pH of soil only with sulphur powder
Value is suitable for, but the organic matter of soil is lower, the content of inorganic salts is higher, is unfavorable for the growth of blueberry；Using vinegar grain, sulphur powder tune
The pH value and organic matter for saving soil are suitable for that addition indolebutyric acid is conducive to the production of blueberry root system, but the content of inorganic salts is high, still
It is unfavorable for the growth of blueberry；Base manure is prepared by the way that EM microbial bacteria and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer fermentation is added, is contained in base manure active
Strain and Organic acid, effectively make the inorganic salts in soil be converted into organic salt, using the absorption and production of blueberry, so using
Vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and the base manure effect of humic acid Water soluble fertilizer raw material preparation are preferable.
Base manure used in embodiment 1- embodiment 4, matrix, sugar-vinegar liquid, root water are made by following methods:
The base manure is by the vinegar grain that weight ratio is 1:0.3:0.025:0.08:1.45, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, the micro- life of EM
Vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid and EM microbial bacteria are added to fermentation vat, stirred evenly by object bacterium and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, close
Then seal 4~5d of ferment adds the humic acid Water soluble fertilizer of above-mentioned weight, stirs evenly, base manure is made.
The matrix is made of the humic acid Water soluble fertilizer that weight ratio is 1:1.81 and fertile soil mixing.
The sugar-vinegar liquid is equal by the water that weight ratio is 15:1.94:1.38:0.8, brown sugar, vinegar and red wine allotment mixing, stirring
It is even, it is made.
Described water is that will to be that the mixture that forms of the sulphur powder of 1:0.02~0.03 and indolebutyric acid is added to pure by weight ratio
In water, stirring is completely dissolved, and the pH value of root water is 4.4.
Embodiment 1
Consolidating the cities and towns village Hua Lian with Nanjing Gaochun area selects 50 mu of ground to cultivate 1 year raw dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf
Branch, health of root fruit Miao Nan high clump blueberry seedling for, blueberry cultivation method include field selection transformation, field soil change
Good, field ridge platform, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning fruit tree, soil management, weeding pest control, specifically include following step
It is rapid:
(1) field selection transformation: first selecting soil open, and loosing soil, ventilation is good, the gradient in 2~3 degree of field,
June deep ploughs soil before blueberry is planted again, and deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 44.3cm.
(2) soil improvement in field: by vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and the compound preparation of humic acid
Base manure is uniformly sprinkled into the soil of deep ploughing, carries out deep ploughing 4 times, deep ploughing is uniform, soil pH value 4.4；
(3) field ridge platform: by field forming ridges, ridge platform width is 1.8~2m, the spacing between two ridge platforms is 0.8~
1m is equipped with gutter every two ridge platforms, and draining furrow width is 20~25cm, and ditch depth is 50~55cm；
(4) Seeding planting: the annual southern high clump blueberry seedling that root system is sturdy, is highly 30~40cm is chosen, in field
On each ridge platform, planting pit is dug by cave point of ridge platform center line, planting pit is the round pool of 0.7~1m of diameter, is colonized acupoint depth degree
For 15~20cm, 1~1.2m of each planting pit fore-and-aft clearance, the matrix of 4~5cm is applied in planting pit middle berth, blueberry seedling is vertical
It is placed on the dirt bed in planting pit and root system is unfolded, soil is covered on blueberry seedling root by seedling root and buries fixation, makes root
10~13cm under soil, pours root water in time, and blueberry seedling is irrigated, and blueberry seedling is between left and right away from for 1.7~2m；
(5) water and fertilizer management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, Shi Shui, fertilising are all made of drip irrigation；Water is irrigated: 3~4d/ times,
The Blueberry stage of development 5~6d/ times, 7~8d/ times before fruit maturation；Fertilizer is irrigated: trickle irrigation humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, 50~53d/
It is secondary, 0.15~0.17kg/ plants of applied amount；In blueberry seedling florescence and fruiting period, trickle irrigation amino acid Water soluble fertilizer 7~10d/ times, is applied
0.21~0.23kg/ plants of dosage；Annual spring and autumn, trickle irrigation organic water-soluble fertilizer, 28~31d/ times, applied amount 323~
345kg/ mus；
(6) soil management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, sulphur powder is ground, 200~250 mesh is ground to, uniformly spills and be layered on
It on the dirt bed of field, is then dissolved in soil with water droplet filling, progress soil improvement, April/time, the pH value of soil is 4.5~4.7；
(7) pruning fruit tree: blueberry seedling after field planting, first trimming when to cut off bud, second year removes residual branch bad branch and is
It is main, third year with expand tree crown and control it is tree-like based on, blueberry seedling periodically trims blueberry seedling after entering and growing up high yield period,
It year trims in two times, first is that the light pruning after fruit picking, to wipe out disease branch, based on old branch, second is that winter pruning, with center comb branch and cuts
Except sick branch, old branch, small and weak branch；
(8) weeding pest control: in blueberry seedling growth period, weeding periodically is carried out to field within every 2 months, weeding is deep-controlled
In 3~4cm, in conjunction with soil deep tillage；It to adult, is trapped and killed in fructescence with sugar-vinegar liquid, to larva, in October~April next year
It takes deep ploughing to be exposed to the sun, some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed.
In the present embodiment, consolidates the cities and towns village Hua Lian in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2015~2018 years and 50 mu of ground is selected to cultivate
Southern high clump blueberry seedling, average survival: 99.8%, rate of falling ill is less than 1.27%；Start within 2nd year as a result, fruit tree is averaged single plant production
1.43kg is measured, the 3rd year fruit tree be averaged single plant yield 2.89kg, the 4th year rich fruiting period of entrance, and rich fruiting period fruit tree is averaged single plant yield
4.87kg, maximum single fruit weight are 3.1g, and minimum single fruit weight is 2.8g, average 2.95g, and Blueberry is more uniform.
Embodiment 2
Consolidating cities and towns farming family village with Nanjing Gaochun area selects 50 mu of ground to cultivate 1 year raw dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf
Branch, health of root fruit Miao Nan high clump blueberry seedling for, blueberry cultivation method include field selection transformation, field soil change
Good, field ridge platform, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning fruit tree, soil management, weeding pest control, specifically include following step
It is rapid:
(1) field selection transformation: first selecting soil open, and loosing soil, ventilation is good, the gradient in 1~2 degree of field,
June deep ploughs soil before blueberry is planted again, and deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 47.4cm.
(2) soil improvement in field: by vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and the compound preparation of humic acid
Base manure is uniformly sprinkled into the soil of deep ploughing, carries out deep ploughing 4 times, deep ploughing is uniform, soil pH value 4.5；
(3) field ridge platform: by field forming ridges, ridge platform width is 1.8~2m, the spacing between two ridge platforms is 0.8~
1m is equipped with gutter every two ridge platforms, and draining furrow width is 20~25cm, and ditch depth is 50~55cm；
(4) Seeding planting: selection root system is sturdy, is highly the annual lagophthalmos or high clump blueberry seedling of 30~40cm,
On each ridge platform in field, planting pit is dug by cave point of ridge platform center line, planting pit is the round pool of 0.7~1m of diameter, and planting pit is deep
Degree degree is 15~20cm, 1~1.2m of each planting pit fore-and-aft clearance, the matrix of 4~5cm is applied in planting pit middle berth, by blueberry seedling
It is placed on the dirt bed in planting pit vertically and root system is unfolded, soil is covered on blueberry seedling root by seedling root and buries fixation,
So that root is in 10~13cm under soil, pour root water in time, blueberry seedling is irrigated, blueberry seedling is between left and right away from for 1.7~2m；
(5) water and fertilizer management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, Shi Shui, fertilising are all made of drip irrigation；Water is irrigated: 3~4d/ times,
The Blueberry stage of development 5~6d/ times, 7~8d/ times before fruit maturation；Fertilizer is irrigated: trickle irrigation humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, 51~53d/
It is secondary, 0.16~0.18kg/ plants of applied amount；In blueberry seedling florescence and fruiting period, trickle irrigation amino acid Water soluble fertilizer 7~10d/ times, is applied
0.2~0.22kg/ plants of dosage；Annual spring and autumn, trickle irrigation organic water-soluble fertilizer, 29~31d/ times, 318~325kg/ of applied amount
Mu；
(6) soil management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, sulphur powder is ground, 200~250 mesh is ground to, uniformly spills and be layered on
On the dirt bed of field, then with water droplet filling be dissolved in soil, carry out soil improvement, April/time, control soil pH value be 4.6~
4.8；
(7) pruning fruit tree: blueberry seedling after field planting, first trimming when to cut off bud, second year removes residual branch bad branch and is
It is main, third year with expand tree crown and control it is tree-like based on, blueberry seedling periodically trims blueberry seedling after entering and growing up high yield period,
It year trims in two times, first is that the light pruning after fruit picking, to wipe out disease branch, based on old branch, second is that winter pruning, with center comb branch and cuts
Except sick branch, old branch, small and weak branch；
(8) weeding pest control: in blueberry seedling growth period, weeding periodically is carried out to field within every 2 months, weeding is deep-controlled
In 3~4cm, in conjunction with soil deep tillage；It to adult, is trapped and killed in fructescence with sugar-vinegar liquid, to larva, in October~April next year
It takes deep ploughing to be exposed to the sun, some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed.
In the present embodiment, consolidates cities and towns farming family village in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2015~2018 years and 50 mu of ground is selected to cultivate
Southern high clump blueberry seedling, average survival: 99.7%, rate of falling ill is less than 1.33%；Start within 2nd year as a result, fruit tree is averaged single plant production
1.43kg is measured, the 3rd year fruit tree be averaged single plant yield 2.89kg, the 4th year rich fruiting period of entrance, and rich fruiting period fruit tree is averaged single plant yield
4.69kg, maximum single fruit weight are 3.0g, and minimum single fruit weight is 2.8g, average 2.9g, and Blueberry is more uniform.
Embodiment 3
Consolidating the cities and towns village Hua Lian with Nanjing Gaochun area selects 50 mu of ground to cultivate 1 year raw dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf
Branch, health of root fruit seedling Vaccinium ashei seedling for, blueberry cultivation method include field selection transformation, field soil improvement,
Field ridge platform, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning fruit tree, soil management, weeding pest control, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) field selection transformation: first selecting soil open, and loosing soil, ventilation is good, the gradient in 2~3 degree of field,
June deep ploughs soil before blueberry is planted again, and deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 45cm.
(2) soil improvement in field: by vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and the compound preparation of humic acid
Base manure is uniformly sprinkled into the soil of deep ploughing, carries out deep ploughing 4 times, deep ploughing is uniform, soil pH value 4.4；
(3) field ridge platform: by field forming ridges, ridge platform width is 1.8~2m, the spacing between two ridge platforms is 0.8~
1m is equipped with gutter every two ridge platforms, and draining furrow width is 20~25cm, and ditch depth is 50~55cm,；
(4) Seeding planting: selection root system is sturdy, is highly the annual lagophthalmos or high clump blueberry seedling of 30~40cm,
On each ridge platform in field, planting pit is dug by cave point of ridge platform center line, planting pit is the round pool of 0.7~1m of diameter, and planting pit is deep
Degree degree is 15~20cm, 1~1.2m of each planting pit fore-and-aft clearance, the matrix of 4~5cm is applied in planting pit middle berth, by blueberry seedling
It is placed on the dirt bed in planting pit vertically and root system is unfolded, soil is covered on blueberry seedling root by seedling root and buries fixation,
So that root is in 10~13cm under soil, pour root water in time, blueberry seedling is irrigated, blueberry seedling is between left and right away from for 1.7~2m；
(5) water and fertilizer management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, Shi Shui, fertilising are all made of drip irrigation；Water is irrigated: 3~4d/ times,
The Blueberry stage of development 5~6d/ times, 7~8d/ times before fruit maturation；Fertilizer is irrigated: trickle irrigation humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, 50~53d/
It is secondary, 0.15~0.17kg/ plants of applied amount；In blueberry seedling florescence and fruiting period, trickle irrigation amino acid Water soluble fertilizer 7~10d/ times, is applied
0.21~0.23kg/ plants of dosage；Annual spring and autumn, trickle irrigation organic water-soluble fertilizer, 29~31d/ times, applied amount 319~
340kg/ mus；
(6) soil management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, sulphur powder is ground, 200~250 mesh is ground to, uniformly spills and be layered on
On the dirt bed of field, then with water droplet filling be dissolved in soil, carry out soil improvement, April/time, control soil pH value be 4.5~
4.8；
(7) pruning fruit tree: blueberry seedling after field planting, first trimming when to cut off bud, second year removes residual branch bad branch and is
It is main, third year with expand tree crown and control it is tree-like based on, blueberry seedling periodically trims blueberry seedling after entering and growing up high yield period,
It year trims in two times, first is that the light pruning after fruit picking, to wipe out disease branch, based on old branch, second is that winter pruning, with center comb branch and cuts
Except sick branch, old branch, small and weak branch；
(8) weeding pest control: in blueberry seedling growth period, weeding periodically is carried out to field within every 2 months, weeding is deep-controlled
In 3~4cm, in conjunction with soil deep tillage；It to adult, is trapped and killed in fructescence with sugar-vinegar liquid, to larva, in October~April next year
It takes deep ploughing to be exposed to the sun, some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed.
In the present embodiment, consolidates cities and towns farming family village in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2015~2018 years and 50 mu of ground is selected to cultivate
Vaccinium ashei seedling, average survival: 99.4%, rate of falling ill is less than 1.46%；Start as a result, fruit tree is averaged single plant yield within 2nd year
1.21kg, the 3rd year fruit tree are averaged single plant yield 2.46kg, enter within the 4th year rich fruiting period, and rich fruiting period fruit tree is averaged single plant yield
4.57kg, maximum single fruit weight are 2.9g, and minimum single fruit weight is 2.7g, average 2.8g, and Blueberry is more uniform.
Embodiment 4
Consolidating cities and towns farming family village with Nanjing Gaochun area selects 50 mu of ground to cultivate 1 year raw dark green leaf color, disease-free leaf
Branch, health of root fruit seedling Vaccinium ashei seedling for, blueberry cultivation method include field selection transformation, field soil improvement,
Field ridge platform, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning fruit tree, soil management, weeding pest control, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) field selection transformation: first selecting soil open, and loosing soil, ventilation is good, the gradient in 1~2 degree of field,
June deep ploughs soil before blueberry is planted again, and deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 47.4cm.
(2) soil improvement in field: by vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and the compound preparation of humic acid
Base manure is uniformly sprinkled into the soil of deep ploughing, carries out deep ploughing 4 times, deep ploughing is uniform, soil pH value 4.5；
(3) field ridge platform: by field forming ridges, ridge platform width is 1.8~2m, the spacing between two ridge platforms is 0.8~
1m is equipped with gutter every two ridge platforms, and draining furrow width is 20~25cm, and ditch depth is 50~55cm；
(4) Seeding planting: selection root system is sturdy, is highly the annual lagophthalmos or high clump blueberry seedling of 30~40cm,
On each ridge platform in field, planting pit is dug by cave point of ridge platform center line, planting pit is the round pool of 0.7~1m of diameter, and planting pit is deep
Degree degree is 15~20cm, 1~1.2m of each planting pit fore-and-aft clearance, the matrix of 4~5cm is applied in planting pit middle berth, by blueberry seedling
It is placed on the dirt bed in planting pit vertically and root system is unfolded, soil is covered on blueberry seedling root by seedling root and buries fixation,
So that root is in 10~13cm under soil, pour root water in time, blueberry seedling is irrigated, blueberry seedling is between left and right away from for 1.7~2m；
(5) water and fertilizer management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, Shi Shui, fertilising are all made of drip irrigation；Water is irrigated: 3~4d/ times,
The Blueberry stage of development 5~6d/ times, 7~8d/ times before fruit maturation；Fertilizer is irrigated: trickle irrigation humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, 51~53d/
It is secondary, 0.16~0.18kg/ plants of applied amount；In blueberry seedling florescence and fruiting period, trickle irrigation amino acid Water soluble fertilizer 7~10d/ times, is applied
0.2~0.22kg/ plants of dosage；Annual spring and autumn, trickle irrigation organic water-soluble fertilizer, 29~31d/ times, 318~325kg/ of applied amount
Mu；
(6) soil management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, sulphur powder is ground, 200~250 mesh is ground to, uniformly spills and be layered on
On the dirt bed of field, then with water droplet filling be dissolved in soil, carry out soil improvement, April/time, control soil pH value be 4.6~
4.8；
(7) pruning fruit tree: blueberry seedling after field planting, first trimming when to cut off bud, second year removes residual branch bad branch and is
It is main, third year with expand tree crown and control it is tree-like based on, blueberry seedling periodically trims blueberry seedling after entering and growing up high yield period,
It year trims in two times, first is that the light pruning after fruit picking, to wipe out disease branch, based on old branch, second is that winter pruning, with center comb branch and cuts
Except sick branch, old branch, small and weak branch；
(8) weeding pest control: in blueberry seedling growth period, weeding periodically is carried out to field within every 2 months, weeding is deep-controlled
In 3~4cm, in conjunction with soil deep tillage；It to adult, is trapped and killed in fructescence with sugar-vinegar liquid, to larva, in October~April next year
It takes deep ploughing to be exposed to the sun, some sick leaves and worm's ovum is removed.
In the present embodiment, consolidates cities and towns farming family village in Nanjing Gaochun area within 2015~2018 years and 50 mu of ground is selected to cultivate
Vaccinium ashei seedling, average survival: 99.4%, rate of falling ill is less than 1.51%；Start as a result, fruit tree is averaged single plant yield within 2nd year
1.23kg, the 3rd year fruit tree are averaged single plant yield 2.68kg, enter within the 4th year rich fruiting period, and rich fruiting period fruit tree is averaged single plant yield
4.69kg, maximum single fruit weight are 2.9g, and minimum single fruit weight is 2.8g, average 2.85g, and Blueberry is more uniform.
In conclusion cultural method of the invention is conducive to the blueberry growth of southern high clump blueberry and Vaccinium ashei, effectively
Soil matrix is improved, blueberry upgrowth situation is improved, can be improved fruit yield, improves fruit quality.
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, although reference
Above-described embodiment describes the invention in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that can still carry out to the present invention
Modification or equivalent replacement should all cover without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, or any substitutions
In scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains, which is characterized in that the soil including field selection transformation, field changes
Good, field ridge platform, Seeding planting, water and fertilizer management, pruning fruit tree, soil management, weeding pest control, specifically include following step
It is rapid:
(1) field selects transformation: first select soil open, loosing soil, ventilation is good, field of the gradient no more than 5 degree, then
Blueberry plants preceding 5~June and soil is deep ploughed, and deep ploughing depth of turning soil is 40~50cm.
(2) soil improvement in field: base prepared by vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microbial bacteria and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer
The fertile soil for being uniformly sprinkled into deep ploughing, carries out deep ploughing 3~4 times, and uniformly, control soil pH value is 4~5 for deep ploughing；
(3) field ridge platform: by field forming ridges, ridge platform width is 1.8~2m, and the spacing between two ridge platforms is 0.8~1m, often
It is equipped with gutter every two ridge platforms, draining furrow width is 20~25cm, and ditch depth is 50~55cm；
(4) Seeding planting: choose root system it is sturdy, highly be 30~40cm annual blueberry seedling, on each ridge platform in field,
Planting pit is dug by cave point of ridge platform center line, planting pit is the round pool of 0.7~1m of diameter, and field planting acupoint depth degree is 15~20cm,
1~1.2m of each planting pit fore-and-aft clearance applies the matrix of 4~5cm in planting pit middle berth, blueberry seedling is placed on planting pit vertically
It is unfolded on interior dirt bed and by root system, soil is covered on blueberry seedling root by seedling root and buries fixation, is in root 10 under soil
~13cm, pours root water in time, and blueberry seedling is irrigated, and blueberry seedling is between left and right away from for 1.7~2m；
(5) water and fertilizer management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, Shi Shui, fertilising are all made of drip irrigation；Water is irrigated: 3~4d/ times, in blueberry
Fruit development stage 5~6d/ times, 7~8d/ times before fruit maturation；Fertilizer is irrigated: trickle irrigation humic acid Water soluble fertilizer 50~55d/ times, is applied
0.15~0.2kg/ plants of dosage；In blueberry seedling florescence and fruiting period, trickle irrigation amino acid Water soluble fertilizer, 7~10d/ times, applied amount
0.2~0.25kg/ plants；Annual spring and autumn, trickle irrigation organic water-soluble fertilizer, 28~32d/ times, 300~400kg/ mus of applied amount；
(6) soil management: after the field planting of blueberry seedling, sulphur powder is ground, 200~250 mesh is ground to, uniformly spills and be layered in field
It on dirt bed, is then dissolved in soil with water droplet filling, progress soil improvement, April/time, the pH value for controlling soil is 4.4~4.8；
(7) pruning fruit tree: blueberry seedling is after field planting, and to cut off bud when the first trimming, second year is removed based on residual branch bad branch, and the
Three, 4 years with expand tree crown and control it is tree-like based on, blueberry seedling enter grow up high yield period after, periodically blueberry seedling is trimmed, year
It trims in two times, first is that the light pruning after fruit picking, to wipe out disease branch, based on old branch, second is that winter pruning, with center comb branch and is wiped out
Sick branch, old branch, small and weak branch and some many years fruit-bearing shoot clusters carry out retraction update in time；
(8) weeding pest control: in blueberry seedling growth period, weeding periodically is carried out to field within every 2 months, weeding is deep-controlled 3
~4cm, in conjunction with soil deep tillage；It to adult, is trapped and killed in fructescence with sugar-vinegar liquid, to larva, is taken in October~April next year
Deep ploughing is exposed to the sun, and some sick leaves and worm's ovum are removed.
2. a kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains according to claim 1, which is characterized in that blueberry seedling selects leaf
Color depth is green, disease-free leaf branch, health of root fruit Miao Nan high clump blueberry seedling or Vaccinium ashei seedling.
3. a kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the base manure is by weight
Amount is than being 1:0.2~0.3:0.02~0.03:0.05~0.1:1.3~1.5 vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid, EM microorganism
Vinegar grain, sulphur powder, indolebutyric acid and EM microbial bacteria are added to fermentation vat, stirred evenly by bacterium and humic acid Water soluble fertilizer, sealing
Ferment 4~5d, then adds the humic acid Water soluble fertilizer of above-mentioned weight, stirs evenly, obtain base manure.
4. a kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the matrix is by weight
Amount is mixed than the humic acid Water soluble fertilizer and fertile soil for being 1:1.7~2, is stirred evenly, is obtained matrix.
5. a kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sugar-vinegar liquid by
Weight ratio is 15:1.8~2:1.3~1.5:0.8~1 water, brown sugar, vinegar and red wine mixing, stirs evenly, is made.
6. a kind of blueberry cultivation method of Hills And Low Mountains according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described water be by
It is that the mixture that the sulphur powder of 1:0.02~0.03 and indolebutyric acid form is added in pure water by weight ratio, stirring is completely dissolved, control
The pH value of root water processed is 4.0~5.0.
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