CN110199755A - A method of blueberry is planted using bacteria residue improvement mountain plateau red soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving blueberry cultivation in Shanyuan red soil by using mushroom residues, comprising the following steps: S1, fermentation of mushroom residues: mixing fermentation bacteria liquid, water and edible mushroom residues in a mass ratio of 1:20:200, and in summer Fermentation is carried out for 5 to 7 days, and in winter for 7 to 12 days; S2, site selection; S3, preparation of soil conditioner: take 10 to 30 parts of edible fungus residue fermented in step S1, 5 to 10 parts of cow dung, and superabsorbent resin 0.01-0.03 parts of particles, 3-4 parts of acidic water, and 0.01-0.03 parts of sulfur powder are fully mixed, and the parts are parts by weight, and the pH value is adjusted to 3-3.8 to prepare a soil conditioner; S4, prepare a planting substrate; S5, soil improvement: using the soil conditioner prepared in step S3 to improve the soil; S6, planting seedlings; S7, field management. The invention can greatly improve the survival rate of blueberry planting, and can also make blueberry grow fast, bear early fruit, and have high fruit yield, and is especially suitable for blueberry planting in the red soil soil of Shanyuan in Yunnan region.

Description

A kind of method that utilizes fungus residue to improve Shanyuan red soil to grow blueberry

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for using fungus residues to improve the cultivation of blueberries in Shanyuan red soil.

Background technique

With the development of edible mushroom industry, a large amount of mushroom residues are produced after edible mushroom cultivation. However, due to the recent increase in environmental protection, according to the regulations of the relevant departments, the fungus residue cannot be directly burned, nor can it be stacked in front of the house or in the field. It has a serious impact on life, and it also brings bacterial pollution to the production environment of edible fungi in the next season. How to realize the resource utilization of mushroom residues, large-scale and standardized treatment, and improve the comprehensive benefit of edible mushroom production, has become an important problem to be solved urgently in the current edible mushroom industry.

Blueberry is a kind of fruit with very high nutritional value and economic value. It is rich in nutrients such as vitamins, proteins and minerals. Among them, the unique and precious anthocyanin pigment in blueberry is more than 20 times that of other fruits, so it has flowers. The reputation of the king of green fruits. However, blueberries have strict requirements for growth and development, and are suitable for growth in acidic, soft, loose and breathable, moist but not water-rich, organic-rich soil. In blueberry cultivation, if the root water is too high, it will lead to sparse roots, and if the air permeability is insufficient Will cause blueberry root burning and blueberry slow growth. Blueberry planting generally requires a soil pH value of 4.0 to 5.5, a soil organic matter content of 8% to 12%, and an optimum soil organic matter content of 8 to 10%, at least not less than 5%.

Shanyuan red soil is the most common soil quality in mountainous areas of Yunnan Province. The soil body is deep, the soil layer differentiation is obvious in the profile, the organic matter and nutrients in the soil are low, and the soil is compact and sticky, which is not conducive to the development of blueberry roots.

When blueberries are grown in most areas of Yunnan, the soil of the planting site must be improved. At present, the commonly used method to improve the soil structure is to add materials such as sawdust and mountain base soil. The most used method is to add peat. However, the above methods not only increase The cultivation cost of blueberry, its improvement effect is not obvious.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to, for the low organic matter content in Shanyuan red soil land in mountainous area of Yunnan, and the situation that soil is easy to harden, a kind of method that utilizes fungus residue to improve Shanyuan red soil planting blueberry is provided, to realize the large-scale planting of blueberry on Shanyuan red soil soil .

The above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for planting blueberries in Shanyuan red soil by utilizing fungus residues, comprising the following steps:

S1. Mushroom residue fermentation: Mix fermentation bacteria liquid, water and edible mushroom residues in a mass ratio of 1:20:200, ferment for 5-7 days in summer and 7-12 days in winter;

S2, site selection: select gentle slope, high organic matter content, soft soil, sunny, well-ventilated and moist and water-free mountain red soil land as blueberry planting ground;

S3. Soil conditioner preparation: take 10-30 parts of edible fungus residue fermented in step S1, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 0.01-0.03 parts of superabsorbent resin particles, 3-4 parts of acidic water, and 0.01-0.03 parts of sulfur powder The parts are fully mixed, and the parts are parts by weight, and the pH value is adjusted to 3 to 3.8 to prepare a soil conditioner;

S4, formulate planting substrate: take 10-50 parts of edible fungus residue fermented in step S1, 5-15 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of red soil in the planting ground, 10-15 parts of red brick waste residue, and 0.04-15 parts of superabsorbent resin particles 0.08 part, 5-10 parts of water, and 0.01-0.1 part of sulphur powder are fully mixed, the parts are parts by weight, and the pH value is adjusted to 4.3-5.5 to prepare a colonization matrix;

S5. Improve the soil: apply the soil conditioner prepared in step S3 to the planting land, apply 1 to 3 tons per mu, plough the soil at a depth of 30 cm with a soil tiller and fully rake it, and adjust the PH value of the red soil in the planting land to 4.3 to 5.5;

S6. Planting seedlings: Select 2-3 year old blueberry saplings according to the local climate. After the leaves fall in autumn or before budding in spring, dig planting holes with a diameter of 30-40 cm and a depth of 5-10 cm greater than the root length of the saplings on the planting ground, and fill them in the planting holes. 5 ~ 10cm of planting matrix, clean the soil around the roots of the saplings, put the roots of the saplings into the planting holes, expand the root system of the saplings, fill the planting holes with the planting matrix, and pour water to fix the roots. The row spacing completes the planting of blueberry saplings;

S7. Field management: Regularly measure the PH value of the red soil. When the PH value of the red soil is greater than or equal to 5.5, irrigate the planting land with acidic water, and control the water content of the red soil in the planting place to 40% to 50%. Before maturity, the water content of the red soil in the planting ground should be controlled at 25% to 30%. After the blueberries are planted, the blueberry saplings should be watered with acidic water every 1 to ² months. Ensure that the pH value of the colonization substrate is 4.3 to 5.5.

The present invention is further set as follows: the fermentation bacteria liquid in step S1 is cultivated by using a biological bacterial fertilizer starter in a conventional method; the edible mushroom residue is formed by mixing the following parts by weight of the mushroom residue: 15-40 parts of the mushroom residue of Agaricus bisporus; 20-40 servings of shiitake mushroom residue; 10-30 servings of king oyster mushroom residue.

The present invention is further arranged as follows: the raw material components of the mushroom residue of Agaricus bisporus are 35-40wt% of corn straw, 25-30wt% of wheat straw, 28-32wt% of dry chicken manure, and 5-7wt% of soybean meal; The raw material components are 55-60 wt% of apple sawdust, 18-20 wt% of oak sawdust, and 20-25 wt% of wheat bran; the raw material components of the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue are 45-48 wt% of peanut straw, 25-30 wt% of fruit sawdust, and 20-25 wt% of wheat bran. Bran 15-20wt%.

The present invention is further set as follows: the acidic water in step S3 and step S7 is formed by mixing irrigation water and turmeric saponin waste water, and the volume ratio of the irrigation water to turmeric saponin waste water is 1:10～1:10000 , wherein the PH value of turmeric saponin wastewater is 1～3.

The present invention is further set as follows: the turmeric saponin waste water is the first eluate waste water and comprehensive waste water produced by the hydrochloric acid acid hydrolysis turmeric process, or the first eluate waste water and comprehensive waste water produced by the sulfuric acid acid hydrolysis turmeric process. The sugar content of the turmeric saponin wastewater is 2-4%, and the COD value is 20,000-50,000 mg/L.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the diameter of the super absorbent resin particles in steps S3 and S4 is 2-4 mm.

The present invention is further provided as follows: the red brick waste residue in step S4 is obtained by crushing and sieving the red bricks sorted out from the waste construction waste, and the diameter is 4-6 mm.

The present invention is further set as: step S7 also includes:

Fertilization: Apply NPK compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15) once before germination in early spring, pour manure water once, and apply NPK compound fertilizer with water at a mass ratio of 1:100～1:150, and apply 18～ 25kg, manure water is applied after 5-7 days of NPK compound fertilizer application, 2000-3000kg per mu; NPK compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15) is applied once after 7-10 days of blueberry fruiting, NPK compound fertilizer Fertilizer is irrigated with water at a mass ratio of 1:100-1:150, 18-20kg per mu, 15-20 days after the blueberries are fruited, and manure water is poured once, and 2500-3500kg per mu;

Pruning: After the height of the blueberry sapling reaches 50cm, start to prune the branches, first cut off dead branches, old branches, diseased branches and drooping branches, then cut off the dense branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, cut off the central branches, and reduce the size of the seedlings. Height, promote lateral development; when the growth height of the branches reaches 30-40cm, remove the top buds of the branches, remove the apical dominance, and promote the lateral branches. When the lateral branches grow to 5-10cm, smear the buds, and select 2-4 branches with strong growth to cultivate;

Weeding: From February to September every year, use herbicides to weed once every three months. Use manual spraying and spray on the ground 30-40cm away from the blueberry tree.

The present invention is further configured as follows: the manure water is prepared by mixing 20-25 parts of cow manure, 10-15 parts of chicken manure, 15-20 parts of sheep manure, and 25-30 parts of water, and the parts are by weight.

The present invention is further provided as follows: the herbicide is glufosinate-ammonium and/or diuron, and the dosage is according to the product specification.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. At present, the mountain base soil and peat used in the improved blueberry planting ground are non-renewable resources, high in price, large-scale planting, and higher in land improvement cost; and the present invention uses the fermented edible fungus residue as a raw material to make soil. The improver not only solves the problem that the edible mushroom residue is difficult to handle, but also realizes the resource utilization, large-scale and standardized treatment of edible mushroom residue, improves the comprehensive benefit of edible mushroom production, and reduces the cost of land improvement, which is beneficial to The large-scale planting of blueberries is realized on the red soil land of Shanyuan in Yunnan.

2. The present invention mixes and ferments the fermented bacterial liquid obtained by the cultivation of the biological bacterial fertilizer starter with water and edible fungus residue, and the functional microorganisms in the fermented bacterial liquid can not only devour a large amount of harmful bacteria, but also establish a soil micro-ecological balance, which plays a role in The function of improving soil and preventing hardening; the present invention mixes the fermented edible fungus residue, cow dung, superabsorbent resin particles, acidic water and sulfur powder in a specific proportion to make a soil conditioner, and the edible fungus residue is rich in Organic matter and mineral elements can not only improve soil fertility, increase the organic matter content in the soil, but also loosen the soil and enhance the air permeability of blueberry roots; the superabsorbent resin particles in the soil conditioner can improve the water and fertilizer retention of the planting area. Ability to effectively inhibit water evaporation and prevent soil erosion, super absorbent resin particles are fertilized in the soil, and the water from irrigation (or rainfall) forms hydrogel crystals. When drought occurs again, the super absorbent resin particles that absorb enough water make The surrounding soil is kept moist, which will not cause blueberry root rot, and can supply the water needed for blueberry growth; it provides an excellent environment for the survival and growth of blueberry saplings, which changes the low survival rate of blueberry planting in Yunnan in the past. Small and few status quo.

3. the present invention first mixes turmeric saponin waste water and irrigation water with specific proportioning to make acidic water, and then with specific proportioning, the fermented edible fungus residue, cow dung, superabsorbent resin particles, acidic water and Sulfur powder is mixed to make a soil conditioner. Most of the acidic water in the soil conditioner is absorbed by the superabsorbent resin particles. After the soil conditioner is applied to the planting site, the acidic water can continue to act on the soil of the planting site, which is different from the use of sulfur powder. Compared with acid modification, the acid modification time is shorter, the duration is longer, and the acid modification effect is better. At the same time, the application of turmeric saponin wastewater to soil improvement not only reduces the discharge of industrial wastewater, but also reduces the use of sulfur powder , effectively reducing the cost of soil improvement.

4. The present invention mixes edible fungus residues, cow dung, red soil of planting ground, red brick waste residue, superabsorbent resin particles, water and sulphur powder into a field planting matrix with a specific proportion, and uses the field planting matrix in the planting hole to plant The high content of organic matter and a large amount of cow dung in the matrix can make the roots of blueberry saplings get more nutrients, and the loose planting matrix makes the roots of blueberries easy to survive and grow; superabsorbent resin particles are fertilized and irrigated in the planting matrix. The water (or rainfall) forms hydrogel crystals. When it is dry again, the superabsorbent resin particles that absorb enough water keep the soil around the roots of the blueberry saplings moist, which will not cause the roots of blueberries to rot, and can supply blueberry growth. It provides an excellent environment for the survival and growth of blueberry saplings, and changes the current situation that the survival rate of blueberry planting in Yunnan is low in the past, and the results are small and few.

5. The soil conditioner of the present invention uses red brick waste residue as one of the raw materials, which can not only properly solve the problem of recycling construction waste, make resources recycled, relieve the pressure of nowhere to stack construction waste, but also provide a growing place for blueberries. The iron element needed, turning waste into treasure, turning harm into profit, and solving the problem of environmental pollution.

6. The present invention makes full use of the wastes generated in industry and agriculture for soil improvement, makes full use of resources, protects the ecological environment, and can greatly reduce costs; the method of the present invention is scientific, has obvious effects, and is easy to operate, and the present invention can greatly improve the efficiency of blueberry planting. The survival rate can also make blueberries grow quickly, bear early results, and have high fruit yield; it is especially suitable for blueberry cultivation in the red soil soil of Shanyuan in Yunnan.

Detailed ways

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. If no specific technology or condition is indicated in the examples, the technology or condition described in the literature in the field or the product specification is used. The reagents used without the manufacturer's indication are conventional products that can be obtained through purchase.

Example:

A method for planting blueberries in Shanyuan red soil by utilizing fungus residues, comprising the following steps:

S1. Mushroom residue fermentation: Mix fermentation bacteria liquid, water and edible mushroom residues in a mass ratio of 1:20:200, ferment for 5-7 days in summer and 7-12 days in winter;

S2, site selection: select gentle slope, high organic matter content, soft soil, sunny, well-ventilated and moist and water-free mountain red soil land as blueberry planting ground;

S3. Soil conditioner preparation: take 10-30 parts of edible fungus residue fermented in step S1, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 0.01-0.03 parts of superabsorbent resin particles, 3-4 parts of acidic water, and 0.01-0.03 parts of sulfur powder The parts are fully mixed, and the parts are parts by weight, and the pH value is adjusted to 3 to 3.8 to prepare a soil conditioner;

S4, formulate planting substrate: take 10-50 parts of edible fungus residue fermented in step S1, 5-15 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of red soil in the planting ground, 10-15 parts of red brick waste residue, and 0.04-15 parts of superabsorbent resin particles 0.08 part, 5-10 parts of water, and 0.01-0.1 part of sulphur powder are fully mixed, the parts are parts by weight, and the pH value is adjusted to 4.3-5.5 to prepare a colonization matrix;

S5. Improve the soil: apply the soil conditioner prepared in step S3 to the planting land, apply 1 to 3 tons per mu, plough the soil at a depth of 30 cm with a soil tiller and fully rake it, and adjust the PH value of the red soil in the planting land to 4.3 to 5.5;

S6. Planting seedlings: Select 2-3 year old blueberry saplings according to the local climate. After the leaves fall in autumn or before budding in spring, dig planting holes with a diameter of 30-40 cm and a depth of 5-10 cm greater than the root length of the saplings on the planting ground, and fill them in the planting holes. 5 ~ 10cm of planting matrix, clean the soil around the roots of the saplings, put the roots of the saplings into the planting holes, expand the root system of the saplings, fill the planting holes with the planting matrix, and pour water to fix the roots. The row spacing completes the planting of blueberry saplings;

S7. Field management: Regularly measure the PH value of the red soil. When the PH value of the red soil is greater than or equal to 5.5, irrigate the planting land with acidic water, and control the water content of the red soil in the planting place to 40% to 50%. Before maturity, the water content of the red soil in the planting ground should be controlled at 25% to 30%. After the blueberries are planted, the blueberry saplings should be watered with acidic water every 1 to ² months. Ensure that the pH value of the colonization substrate is 4.3 to 5.5.

The fermented bacterial liquid in step S1 is cultivated by using a biological bacterial fertilizer starter by a conventional method; the edible fungus residue is formed by mixing the following bacterial residues by weight: 15-40 parts of mushroom residues of Agaricus bisporus; 20-40 parts of mushroom residues of Lentinus edodes ; Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue 10 to 30 copies.

The raw material components of the mushroom residue of Agaricus bisporus are 35-40 wt% of corn stalk, 25-30 wt% of wheat straw, 28-32 wt% of dry chicken manure, and 5-7 wt% of soybean meal; 60wt%, 18-20wt% of tussah sawdust, and 20-25wt% of wheat bran; the raw material components of the Pleurotus eryngii mushroom residue are 45-48wt% of peanut straw, 25-30wt% of fruit sawdust, and 15-20wt% of wheat bran.

The acidic water described in step S3 and step S7 is formed by mixing irrigation water and turmeric saponin waste water, and the volume ratio of the irrigation water and turmeric saponin waste water is 1:10～1:10000, wherein the volume of turmeric saponin waste water is 1:10～1:10000. The pH value is 1-3.

Described turmeric saponin waste water is the first eluate waste water and comprehensive waste water produced by hydrochloric acid acid hydrolysis turmeric process, or the first eluate waste water and comprehensive waste water produced by sulfuric acid acid hydrolysis turmeric process, described turmeric saponin waste water The sugar content is 2~4%, and the COD value is 20000~50000mg/L.

The diameter of the super absorbent resin particles in steps S3 and S4 is 2-4 mm.

The red brick waste slag in step S4 is obtained by crushing and sieving the red bricks sorted out of the waste construction waste, and the diameter is 4-6 mm.

Step S7 also includes: fertilizing: applying NPK compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15) once before germination in early spring, pouring manure water once, and applying NPK compound fertilizer with water at a mass ratio of 1:100-1:150 , 18~25kg per mu, manure water is applied after 5~7 days of NPK compound fertilizer application, 2000~3000kg per mu; NPK compound fertilizer is applied once 7~10 days after blueberry fruiting (NPK15: 15:15) , NPK compound fertilizer is poured with water at a mass ratio of 1:100-1:150, 18-20kg per mu, 15-20 days after blueberry results, and 2500-3500kg per mu;

Pruning: After the height of the blueberry sapling reaches 50cm, start to prune the branches, first cut off dead branches, old branches, diseased branches and drooping branches, then cut off the dense branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, cut off the central branches, and reduce the size of the seedlings. Height, promote lateral development; when the growth height of the branches reaches 30-40cm, remove the top buds of the branches, remove the apical dominance, and promote the lateral branches. When the lateral branches grow to 5-10cm, smear the buds, and select 2-4 branches with strong growth to cultivate;

Weeding: From February to September every year, use herbicides to weed once every three months. Use manual spraying and spray on the ground 30-40cm away from the blueberry tree.

The manure water is prepared by mixing 20-25 parts of cow manure, 10-15 parts of chicken manure, 15-20 parts of sheep manure, and 25-30 parts of water, and the parts are by weight.

The herbicide is glufosinate-ammonium and/or diuron, and the dosage is according to the product specification.

From 2015 to 2018, the applicant selected a piece of well-drained red soil land in the mountains as a test site at the land consolidation project base of Yunnan Agricultural University in Jiuxian Town, Malong County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province.

experiment material:

2-3 year old blueberry sapling, blueberry variety: Lanfeng.

Biological bacterial fertilizer starter, provided by Henan Nong Fukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Set up 5 test groups in the test field, as specific as embodiment 1-5:

Embodiments 1-4 plant blueberries according to the method of the present invention, and each test group is planted with 3 rows of blueberries, with 20 plants in each row; the planting site of Example 5 is improved by conventional methods and 3 rows of blueberries are planted with conventional methods, with 20 plants in each row Count the relevant parameters of each test group, and each test group randomly selects 10 strains of blueberries (10 measuring points) to measure the relevant index, and is repeated three times, and the parameters are shown in Table 1 (parameters not listed in Table 1, embodiment 1- 4 was treated in the same way, and Example 5 was treated in a conventional manner).

Table 1:

From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that:

1. adopt the method of the present invention to plant blueberry, the cost of soil improvement is far lower than the soil improvement cost of conventional planting method, specifically, according to the method of the present invention, blueberry is planted, and the cost of soil improvement mainly comes from the turmeric saponin waste water. Transportation cost, the amount of superabsorbent resin particles and sulfur powder is less, so the purchase cost is lower; while growing blueberries according to the conventional method, the cost of soil improvement includes the purchase cost of sulfur powder and peat, and the transportation cost of peat, due to irrigation, Affected by various factors such as rainfall and fertilization, the average maintenance time of sulfur powder to acid is only 84 days, and the planting area needs to be changed to acid 4-5 times a year, and the cost of soil improvement is high.

2. Using the method of the present invention to grow blueberries, the superabsorbent resin particles in the soil conditioner can absorb part of the acidic water, the acidic water is not easy to evaporate and run off, and the average length of time that the pH value of the red soil is maintained at 4.3 to 5.5 is much longer than that of the sulfur powder The maintenance time of acid modification only needs to be modified twice a year with acidic water, and the modification cost is low.

3. Using the method of the present invention to plant blueberries, more than 80% of the blueberry plants enter the fruit-rich stage in the fourth year, and the economic benefits are good, while using the conventional method to plant blueberries, only 13% of the blueberry plants enter the fruit-rich stage in the fourth year. The economic benefit is relatively low; the method of the present invention almost advances the fruitful period of the blueberry by one year, and the economic benefit is significantly improved.

4. Adopt the method of the present invention to plant blueberries, because the soil conditioner and the planting matrix all contain superabsorbent resin particles, the water and fertilizer retention effect is good, and the water of fertilization, rainfall, and irrigation can be absorbed and slowly act on the blueberry plants. The irrigation cycle Long, the labor cost of irrigation is low, and it also provides an excellent environment for the survival and growth of blueberries, which is conducive to the survival of blueberries. The survival rate of blueberries is higher than 99%; while using conventional methods to grow blueberries, Shanyuan red soil water retention effect Poor, the irrigation cycle is short, it is easy to cause water accumulation in the planting area and affect the survival of blueberries, which not only increases the labor cost of irrigation, but also causes the survival rate of blueberries to be only 87.6%.

5. When the method of the present invention is used to grow blueberries, the content of anthocyanins and the average fruit weight of the blueberries are higher than those of the blueberries grown by the conventional method, the yield and quality of the blueberries are greatly improved, and the economic benefit is significantly improved.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments, and the descriptions in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description are only to illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have Various changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. a method for utilizing fungus residues to improve Shanyuan red soil planting blueberry, is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps: S1. Mushroom residue fermentation: Mix fermentation bacteria liquid, water and edible mushroom residues in a mass ratio of 1:20:200, ferment for 5-7 days in summer and 7-12 days in winter; S2, site selection: select gentle slope, high organic matter content, soft soil, sunny, well-ventilated and moist and water-free mountain red soil land as blueberry planting ground; S3. Soil conditioner preparation: take 10-30 parts of edible fungus residue fermented in step S1, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 0.01-0.03 parts of superabsorbent resin particles, 3-4 parts of acidic water, and 0.01-0.03 parts of sulfur powder The parts are fully mixed, and the parts are parts by weight, and the pH value is adjusted to 3 to 3.8 to prepare a soil conditioner; S4, formulate planting substrate: take 10-50 parts of edible fungus residue fermented in step S1, 5-15 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of red soil in the planting ground, 10-15 parts of red brick waste residue, and 0.04-15 parts of superabsorbent resin particles 0.08 part, 5-10 parts of water, and 0.01-0.1 part of sulphur powder are fully mixed, the parts are parts by weight, and the pH value is adjusted to 4.3-5.5 to prepare a colonization matrix; S5. Improve the soil: apply the soil conditioner prepared in step S3 to the planting land, apply 1 to 3 tons per mu, plough the soil at a depth of 30 cm with a soil tiller and fully rake it, and adjust the PH value of the red soil in the planting land to 4.3 to 5.5; S6. Planting seedlings: Select 2-3 year old blueberry saplings according to the local climate. After the leaves fall in autumn or before budding in spring, dig planting holes with a diameter of 30-40 cm and a depth of 5-10 cm greater than the root length of the saplings on the planting ground, and fill them in the planting holes. 5 ~ 10cm of planting matrix, clean the soil around the roots of the saplings, put the roots of the saplings into the planting holes, expand the root system of the saplings, fill the planting holes with the planting matrix, and pour water to fix the roots. The row spacing completes the planting of blueberry saplings; S7. Field management: Regularly measure the PH value of the red soil. When the PH value of the red soil is greater than or equal to 5.5, irrigate the planting land with acidic water, and control the water content of the red soil in the planting place to 40% to 50%. Before maturity, the water content of the red soil in the planting ground should be controlled at 25% to 30%. After the blueberries are planted, the blueberry saplings should be watered with acidic water every 1 to ² months. Ensure that the pH value of the colonization substrate is 4.3 to 5.5. 2. a kind of method that utilizes fungus residue to improve Shanyuan red soil planting blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fermented bacterial liquid in step S1 is to adopt biological bacterial fertilizer starter to cultivate with conventional method; Edible fungus residue is It is prepared by mixing the following parts by weight of mushroom residues: 15-40 parts of mushroom residues of Agaricus bisporus; 20-40 parts of mushroom residues of Lentinus edodes; and 10-30 parts of mushroom residues of Pleurotus eryngii. 3 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the raw material components of the mushroom slag of the Agaricus bisporus are 35-40 wt % of corn straw, 25-30 wt % of wheat straw, dry Chicken manure 28-32wt%, soybean meal 5-7wt%; the raw material components of the mushroom residue are apple sawdust 55-60wt%, oak sawdust 18-20wt%, wheat bran 20-25wt%; The raw material components are 45-48 wt% of peanut straw, 25-30 wt% of fruit sawdust, and 15-20 wt% of wheat bran. 4. a kind of method that utilizes fungus residue to improve Shanyuan red soil planting blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: acid water described in step S3 and step S7 is to be mixed by irrigation water and turmeric saponin waste water, so The volume ratio of the irrigation water to the turmeric saponin waste water is 1:10～1:10000, and the pH value of the turmeric saponin waste water is 1～3. 5. a kind of method that utilizes fungus residues to improve Shanyuan red soil planting blueberry according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described turmeric saponin waste water is the first eluate waste water and comprehensive waste water that hydrochloric acid acid hydrolysis turmeric process produces , or the first eluate wastewater and comprehensive wastewater produced by the sulfuric acid acid hydrolysis of turmeric, the sugar content of the turmeric saponin wastewater is 2-4%, and the COD value is 20,000-50,000 mg/L. 6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the superabsorbent resin particles have a diameter of 2-4 mm in step S3 and step S4 . 7. a kind of method that utilizes fungus residue to improve Shanyuan red soil planting blueberry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the red brick waste residue described in step S4 is that the red bricks sorted out from waste construction waste are crushed It is obtained by sieving, and the diameter is 4-6 mm. 8. a kind of method that utilizes fungus residue to improve Shanyuan red soil planting blueberry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step S7 also comprises: Fertilization: Apply NPK compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15) once before germination in early spring, pour manure water once, and apply NPK compound fertilizer with water at a mass ratio of 1:100～1:150, and apply 18～ 25kg, manure water is applied after 5-7 days of NPK compound fertilizer application, 2000-3000kg per mu; NPK compound fertilizer (NPK15:15:15) is applied once after 7-10 days of blueberry fruiting, NPK compound fertilizer Fertilizer is irrigated with water at a mass ratio of 1:100-1:150, 18-20kg per mu, 15-20 days after the blueberries are fruited, and manure water is poured once, and 2500-3500kg per mu; Pruning: After the height of the blueberry sapling reaches 50cm, start to prune the branches, first cut off dead branches, old branches, diseased branches and drooping branches, then cut off the dense branches, cross branches and overlapping branches, cut off the central branches, and reduce the size of the seedlings. Height, promote lateral development; when the growth height of the branches reaches 30-40cm, remove the top buds of the branches, remove the apical dominance, and promote the lateral branches. When the lateral branches grow to 5-10cm, smear the buds, and select 2-4 branches with strong growth to cultivate; Weeding: From February to September every year, use herbicides to weed once every three months. Use manual spraying and spray on the ground 30-40cm away from the blueberry tree. 9 . The method according to claim 8 , wherein the dung water is composed of 20 to 25 parts of cow dung, 10 to 15 parts of chicken dung, and 15 to 15 parts of sheep dung. 20 parts and 25-30 parts of water are mixed, and the parts are by weight. 10 . A method for utilizing fungus residues to improve red soil planting blueberries according to claim 8 , wherein the herbicide is glufosinate-ammonium and/or diuron, and the dosage is according to the product specification. 11 .