CN101779569A - Method for cultivating field blueberry - Google Patents
Method for cultivating field blueberry Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating field blueberry. Acid soil with gradient being not more than 10 percent and pH value being less than 5.5 is selected; soil is deeply ploughed for 20 to 25 cm, ridge is formed after the soil is prepared for plant, the row space is 1.6 to 1.8 m, the inter plant distance is 1 m, the number of plants per Mu is 390 to 410, two blueberry varieties are matched to be planted, and the blueberry plants are watered and fertilized after planting. Sodium selenite is sprayed one time per week during the maturing period of berries. The invention also discloses a disease prevention method and a trimming and management method of the fruit tree. The method sets a foundation for the popularization of the plantation of the field blueberry. The field blueberry cultivated with the method has high survival rate, and the cultivation method is simple and easy.
Description
Technical field the invention belongs to blueberry culture technology field, relates to a kind of method of cultivating field blueberry.
Background technology blueberry formal name used at school blueberry belongs to Ericaceae genus vaccinium plant.Because it is blue that fruit is, and originates in main product and be commonly called as " U.S.'s blueberry " in the U.S..The blueberry fruit on average weighs 0.5~2.5g, maximum heavy 5g, and fruit colour beauty, pleasing, blue and by 1 layer of white powder really, the pulp exquisiteness, seed is minimum, and edible rate is 100%, the light fragrance of tool, sweet and sour palatability is to eat good merchantable brand raw.Except sugar, acid and the Vc of routine, be rich in VE, VA, VB, SOD, ursin, protein, anthocyanin, dietary fibre and abundant K, Fe, mineral elements such as Zn, Ca in the blueberry fruit.According to 14 the blueberry variety analysis of little berry research institute of Jilin Agriculture University to overseas introduction, the anthocyanin pigment content is up to 163mg/100g in the fruit, and fresh fruit VE content 9.3L μ g/100g fresh fruit is other fruit such as apple, grape several times even tens times.Total amino acid content 0.254% is also higher than the hawthorn that amino acid content is abundant.The blueberry fruit is except that also having extremely strong medical value and alimentary health-care function for eating raw, and international food and agricultural organization classifies them one of as human five big healthy food.At present, demand studying the cultivating method of field blueberry urgently, for popularizing of blueberry field planting lays the foundation in China.
Summary of the invention the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of cultivating field blueberry, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
To achieve these goals, the method for cultivating field blueberry of the present invention, its main points are operated by following processing step:
1) selection in plot: select the gradient to be no more than 10%, the acid ground of pH value below 5.5, content of organic matter 5-12%, the soil is porous, and drainage performance is good, and moistening not ponding possesses the plot of good irrigation conditions;
2) soil melioration: when P in soil H value greater than 5.5 the time, reduce P in soil H in conjunction with apply Cosan wholely the previous year in field planting, every square metre of consumption 100-200 restrains, evenly is sprinkled into soil, ploughs deeply the back mixing, soil is sticking heavily to harden, mix in mashed bark, sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw, broken corn stalk or the fertilizer of the peat composed of rotten mosses, pine needle, pine tree one or more and improve the structure of soil, 5000 kilograms of every mu of consumptions;
3) wholely: soil is ploughed deeply 20-25 centimetre, put in order ground after ridging become platform, the high 25-30 of table top centimetre, wide is 1 meter;
4) field planting: in the middle of table top, open a wide 50-80 centimetre, dark 20-25 centimetre planting pit, in planting pit, add with sulphur, the pine wood chip, peanut skin is field planting behind the fertilizer of fermenting raw materials, to blueberry seedling rational close planted, adjust density later on gradually, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, removed a strain every a strain in 1 year, removed a strain every a strain again on the 3rd year, stay delegation, line-spacing is a 1.6-1.8 rice, and spacing in the rows is 1 meter, every mu of strain number is the 390-410 strain, require two blueberry variety matching plantations,, around planting pit, cover the sawdust of 10-15 cm thick to improve percentage of fertile fruit, rice husk, cutted straw, organic matters such as broken corn stalk;
5) pour water: the assurance soil moisture of will in time pouring water after the field planting;
6) topdress: fertilising is 1 time before the rudiment in early spring, and berry changes the ripe phase to be executed 1 time again, executes ammonium sulfate 4-8kg, phosphorus pentoxide 4-8kg, potassium sulphate 4-12kg for every mu, and fertilization depth is with 10-15cm, and berry changes the ripe phase and sprays sodium selenite weekly once;
7) extermination of disease and insect pest: when blueberry between breeding time vein iron deficiency chlorosis takes place, the integration iron of foliage-spray 0.1%~0.3%, between berry maturing stage leaf margin and vein during the chlorosis magnesium deficiency, every mu of soil spreads fertilizer over the fields 5-10kg magnesia, comes unsewn in that bud is improper, and it is withered to sprout several Zhou Dingya in back, deepening is brown, during last top withered boron deficiency, fully pour water foliage-spray 0.3%~0.5% borax soln;
8) pruning of blueberry: the treelet phase prunes: this phase is based on the bud of deflorating, after the field planting second, the 3rd year spring removed small and weak branch, the 3rd, 4 years still to enlarge tree crown, an amount of result, strain in the 3rd year is produced and is controlled at below 1 kilogram, and based on the vigorous branches result, become the tree-pruning in age: prune and will control the height of tree this moment, improve illumination condition, to dredge branch, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch and root turion go to the center to do, put in a skylight, stay medium branch, the bough optimum age of tree as a result is life in 5~6 years, surpasses the renewal that will in time bounce back, small and weak the bud of erasing, make it change strong, bearing tree flower amount is big, cut off a part of bud, each vigorous branches stays 2~3 buds, veteran upgrades: field planting 24-26, and tree body acrial part is old and feeble, needs full tree to upgrade, be that close proximity to ground removes the whole saws of acrial part, sprout new buds again by base portion;
9) management: water is frozen in embedding before November; Before stripping takes place, adopt plastic sheeting for farm use or straw to taper each branch to be wrapped up one by one, before the rudiment in spring, untie from the base portion of branch; Mulching straw, leaf, the piece of sack, the straw woven bag protection of surviving the winter on the tree body; Carry out winter protection with high fat film, carboxylic first fasciated fiber element, before the stripping emergence period begins,, make it on branch, form one deck ultrathin membrane every high fat film of spray in 20 days or the plain 100-150 times of liquid of carboxylic first fasciated fiber, to prevent that setting body moisture evaporates rapidly, plays the effect that alleviates or prevent stripping; Before the winter protection of surviving the winter, reach the PBO solution that respectively sprays 250 times spring, improve the cold tolerance of blueberry seedling; Spring, spraying concentration was a 50-300 antifreezing agent doubly early before surviving the winter, and can effectively reduce the generation of stripping phenomenon; Spraying paclobutrazol increases cold-hartliness, sprays paclobutrazol in August to September, and working concentration is 1000 times.
The present invention lays a good foundation for popularizing of blueberry field planting, and field blueberry survival rate height, cultivating method that this method is cultivated are simple.
The method of embodiment cultivating field blueberry of the present invention, operate by following processing step:
1) selection in plot: select the gradient to be no more than 10%, the acid ground of pH value below 5.5, content of organic matter 5-12%, the soil is porous, and drainage performance is good, and moistening not ponding possesses the plot of good irrigation conditions;
2) wholely: soil is ploughed deeply 25 centimetres, put in order ground after ridging become platform, table top is high 30 centimetres, wide is 1 meter;
4) field planting: in the middle of table top, open wide 60 centimetres, dark 25 a centimetres planting pit, adding with sulphur, pine wood chip, peanut skin in planting pit is field planting behind the fertilizer of fermenting raw materials, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, removed a strain every a strain in 1 year, removed a strain every a strain again on the 3rd year, stay delegation, line-spacing is 1.6 meters, spacing in the rows is 1 meter, every mu of strain number is 400 strains, two blueberry variety matchings are planted, and cover sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw, the broken corn stalk organic matter of 12 cm thicks around planting pit;
5) pour water: the assurance soil moisture of will in time pouring water after the field planting;
6) topdress: fertilising is 1 time before the rudiment in early spring, and berry changes the ripe phase to be executed 1 time again, executes ammonium sulfate 4kg, phosphorus pentoxide 8kg, potassium sulphate 4kg for every mu, and fertilization depth is with 10cm, and berry changes the ripe phase and sprays sodium selenite weekly once;
7) extermination of disease and insect pest: vein iron deficiency chlorosis takes place in blueberry between breeding time, the integration iron of foliage-spray 0.2%, chlorosis magnesium deficiency between berry maturing stage leaf margin and vein, every mu of soil spreads fertilizer over the fields 8kg magnesia, come unsewn in that bud is improper, irritate sufficient water and at foliage-spray 0.3% borax soln;
8) pruning of blueberry: the treelet phase prunes: the bud of deflorating, after the field planting second, the 3rd year spring removed small and weak branch, the 3rd, 4 years still to enlarge tree crown, an amount of result, strain in the 3rd year is produced and is controlled at 0.8 kilogram, based on the vigorous branches result, become the tree-pruning in age: control the height of tree, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch and root turion, go to the center to do, put in a skylight, stay medium branch, the bough optimum age of tree as a result is life in 5~6 years, bearing tree flower amount is big, cut off a part of bud, each vigorous branches stays 2~3 buds, and veteran upgrades: field planting 25 years, tree body acrial part is old and feeble, need full tree to upgrade, promptly close proximity to ground removes the whole saws of acrial part, is sprouted new buds again by base portion;
9) management: water is frozen in embedding before November; Before stripping takes place, adopt plastic sheeting for farm use or straw to taper each branch to be wrapped up one by one, before the rudiment in spring, untie from the base portion of branch; Spray paclobutrazol in August to September, working concentration is 1000 times.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a cultivating field blueberry is characterized in that by following processing step operation:
1) selection in plot: select the gradient to be no more than 10%, the acid ground of pH value below 5.5, content of organic matter 5-12%, the soil is porous, and drainage performance is good, and moistening not ponding possesses the plot of irrigation conditions;
2) soil melioration: when P in soil H value greater than 5.5 the time, reduce P in soil H in conjunction with apply Cosan wholely the previous year in field planting, every square metre of consumption 100-200 restrains, evenly is sprinkled into soil, ploughs deeply the back mixing, soil is sticking heavily to harden, mix in mashed bark, sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw, broken corn stalk or the fertilizer of the peat composed of rotten mosses, pine needle, pine tree one or more and improve the structure of soil, 5000 kilograms of every mu of consumptions;
3) wholely: soil is ploughed deeply 20-25 centimetre, put in order ground after ridging become platform, the high 25-30 of table top centimetre, wide is 1 meter;
4) field planting: in the middle of table top, open a wide 50-80 centimetre, dark 20-25 centimetre planting pit, adding with sulphur, pine wood chip, peanut skin in planting pit is the fertilizer of fermenting raw materials, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, removed a strain every a strain in 1 year, removed a strain every a strain again on the 3rd year, stay delegation, line-spacing is a 1.6-1.8 rice, spacing in the rows is 1 meter, every mu of strain number is the 390-410 strain, require the plantation of two blueberry variety matchings, around planting pit, cover the organic matters such as sawdust, rice husk, cutted straw, broken corn stalk of 10-15 cm thick;
5) pour water: the assurance soil moisture of in time pouring water after the field planting;
6) topdress: fertilising is 1 time before the rudiment in early spring, and berry changes the ripe phase to be executed 1 time again, executes ammonium sulfate 4-8kg, phosphorus pentoxide 4-8kg, potassium sulphate 4-12kg for every mu, and fertilization depth is with 10-15cm, and berry changes the ripe phase and sprays sodium selenite weekly once;
7) control of disease: when blueberry between breeding time vein iron deficiency chlorosis takes place, the integration iron of foliage-spray 0.1%~0.3%, between berry maturing stage leaf margin and vein during the chlorosis magnesium deficiency, every mu of soil spreads fertilizer over the fields 5-10kg magnesia, comes unsewn in that bud is improper, and it is withered to sprout several Zhou Dingya in back, deepening is brown, during last top withered boron deficiency, fully pour water foliage-spray 0.3%~0.5% borax soln;
8) pruning of blueberry: the treelet phase prunes: this phase is based on the bud of deflorating, after the field planting second, the 3rd year spring removed small and weak branch, the 3rd, strain in the 3rd year is produced and is controlled at below 1 kilogram, becomes the tree-pruning in age: pruned and will control the height of tree this moment still to enlarge tree crown in 4 years, improve illumination condition, to dredge branch, remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch and root turion go to the center to do, put in a skylight, stay medium branch, the bough optimum age of tree as a result is life in 5~6 years, surpasses the renewal that will in time bounce back, small and weak the bud of erasing, make it change strong, bearing tree flower amount is big, cut off a part of bud, each vigorous branches stays 2~3 buds, veteran upgrades: field planting 24-26, and tree body acrial part is old and feeble, needs full tree to upgrade, be that close proximity to ground removes the whole saws of acrial part, sprout new buds again by base portion;
9) management: water is frozen in embedding before November; Before stripping takes place, adopt plastic sheeting for farm use or straw to taper each branch to be wrapped up one by one, before the rudiment in spring, untie from the base portion of branch; Mulching straw, leaf, the piece of sack, the straw woven bag protection of surviving the winter on the tree body; Carry out winter protection with high fat film, carboxylic first fasciated fiber element, before the stripping emergence period begins,, make it on branch, form one deck ultrathin membrane every high fat film of spray in 20 days or the plain 100-150 times of liquid of carboxylic first fasciated fiber, to prevent that setting body moisture evaporates rapidly, plays the effect that alleviates or prevent stripping; Before the winter protection of surviving the winter, reach the PBO solution that respectively sprays 250 times spring, improve the cold tolerance of blueberry seedling; Spring, spraying concentration was a 50-300 antifreezing agent doubly early before surviving the winter, and can effectively reduce the generation of stripping phenomenon; Spraying paclobutrazol increases cold-hartliness, sprays paclobutrazol in August to September, and working concentration is 1000 times.
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