CN112056140A - High-quality cultivation management method for adult rock candy orange fruiter trees - Google Patents
High-quality cultivation management method for adult rock candy orange fruiter trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality cultivation management method for adult rock candy orange fruiters, which comprises the following steps: soil management, fertilization management, water management, trimming and tip control management, yield and fruit management, pest control, harvesting and winter garden cleaning. Firstly, by implementing soil management, a good soil environment condition beneficial to the growth and development of the crystal sugar oranges is created; the method is characterized in that the growth and development rules of the crystal sugar oranges are followed subsequently, fertilization management, water management, trimming and tip control management, yield and fruit management are carried out on different growth stages of the crystal sugar oranges, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and medium trace element fertilizers with different proportions can be supplemented in different growth periods of the crystal sugar oranges, the use efficiency of the water and the fertilizer is improved, and cultivation conditions suitable for high-yield and high-quality fruit of the crystal sugar oranges are created, so that the produced crystal sugar oranges are high in yield, good in quality, healthy, green and safe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit planting, and particularly relates to a high-quality cultivation management method for adult crystal sugar orange fruiting trees.
Background
Rock sugar orange is a new excellent variety bred from natural bud mutation of common sweet orange in the last 60 th century, and is originally produced in Huanhuan city in Hunan province, national geographical marker products and regional public brands of hundred-strength agricultural products in China. It is mainly distributed in Huai of Hunan province, Chenzhou, Yuxi of Yunnan province, etc., and Sichuan province, Chongqing province, Guangxi province, Guizhou province, etc. also have a small amount of cultivation. The crystal sugar orange is rich in various nutrient substances such as soluble sugar, organic acid, protein, vitamins and the like, has tender meat quality, thick and sweet flavor and delicate fragrance, is a healthy fruit with extremely high nutritional value and suitable for people of all ages, and is favored by markets and consumers.
The rock candy oranges planted by the existing rock candy orange cultivation management technology have low yield or poor quality, poor internal quality such as soluble solid content and the like, and different fruit shapes and appearances. The scientific cultivation and management method is especially important for ensuring the excellent quality and the reasonable yield of the crystal sugar oranges.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a high-quality cultivation and management method for adult rock candy orange bearing trees, so that the planted adult rock candy orange bearing trees have good quality and reasonable yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-quality cultivation management method for adult rock candy orange fruiters comprises the following steps.
1) Soil management
1.1) growing grass and cultivating: generally, the method is carried out in spring and autumn, weeds are shoveled and the soil is loosened in gaps among rows except for water dripping lines of tree crowns, grass seeds are sown timely, the grass seeds which grow fast and are high in yield and beneficial to propagation of natural enemies, such as ageratum, ryegrass and the like, are selected, and then a small amount of urea is spread. Cutting the grass in winter in spring, turning over and burying the grass in the soil, cutting the grass in summer in autumn, covering the grass under a tree tray, and turning over and burying the grass in the soil;
1.2) cultivating in a garden: the cultivation of the grasses can be carried out at the bottom of 2-3 months or 6 months for the garden without the grasses, 1-2 times per year, and the cultivation depth is 12-15 cm.
2) Fertilization management
According to the physiological characteristics of the crystal sugar oranges, the soil nutrient condition, the strength (size) of the tree, the fruit bearing amount, the fertilizer requirement characteristics that ' phosphorus and calcium fertilizers ' are sufficient, ' nitrogen and magnesium fertilizers ' are slightly deficient and ' potassium, boron, zinc, iron and copper fertilizers ' are just right ', the increase of sugar and color of fruits is promoted due to scientific and balanced fertilization of the tree;
2.1) 1 st (spring fertilizer): applying the fertilizer to the flower from the time when the flower buds appear white to the time before the flower buds bloom, and applying 0.5-1 kg of 20-40% of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant according to 50kg of plant yield in the first 4 th to the middle 4 th of the month; meanwhile, according to the requirement of soil quality, appropriate amount of calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizers are supplemented;
2.2) No. 2 (fruit fertilizer): according to the tree vigor and the fruit bearing condition, 1-2 kg of 20% organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 2kg of thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer are applied to each plant before and after summer (in the last 6 th day);
2.3) No. 3 (fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer): before and after beginning autumn (last ten days of 8 months), 0.5-1 kg of total-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer containing various large, medium and trace elements, amino acid and humic acid is applied to each plant;
2.4) No. 4 (fruit picking fertilizer): after picking fruits, timely applying 1-2 kg of 20-45% of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant, and adding 0.5kg of 30% fulvic acid fertilizer; the fertilization is preferably early, and needs to be finished before 12 middle ten days at the latest;
2.5) topdressing outside roots: spraying foliar fertilizers (0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate) for 1 time respectively in the sprouting period of the tender tips of each season and before the leaves of the new tips are unfolded to turn green, accelerating the turning green of the leaves and enhancing the resistance of plants; and spraying foliar fertilizer (0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate) for 1 time respectively in 9 and 10 months to promote the coloring of the pericarp and improve the sweetness of the fruit.
3) Moisture management
7-9 months, which is an important period of rapid expansion, autumn tip hair extraction and high temperature drought prevention of the crystal sugar orange fruits, a large amount of nutrients and water need to be supplemented, and water is timely irrigated or sprayed for 2-3 times by combining application of a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer or a decomposed thin organic fertilizer; controlling water properly 30 days before harvesting, stopping watering 20 days before harvesting, and reducing the content of soluble solids of the crystal sugar orange due to excessive water shortage or excessive watering before harvesting so as to influence the quality and flavor of the fruit.
4) Pruning tip control management
4.1) pruning big branches: according to the branch angle characteristics of the tree body, only 3-5 main branches which are reasonably distributed are reserved on each tree body, and other big branches which compete with the main branches and are at dense positions are cut (sawed) to achieve the effects of ventilation, light transmission, three-dimensional result and stable and high-quality fruit;
4.2) tip control: on the basis of strict soil, fertilizer and water management, cultivating 15-20 cm thick spring shoot bearing branches in an important way; in 7 ten days in the middle of the month, all the summer tips which are not turned green are erased; in the last ten days of 8 months, the autumn tips are discharged in a centralized way, and the strong autumn tips are cultivated.
5) Yield and fruit management
5.1) fruit preservation: according to the quality and the flower quantity of the flowers, measures such as leaf protection, tip wiping, disease prevention and insect control, fruit protection agent spraying and the like are adopted for fruit protection. After 1-time fruit drop treatment and before 2-time fruit drop treatment, spraying 0.002-0.003 mg/L + phosphorus and potassium leaf fertilizer of brassinolide for 1 time on leaf surfaces for fruit preservation; in the weather of continuous overcast and rainy days and serious insufficient illumination, the fertilizer can be sprayed in the 1 st physiological fruit drop period in advance;
5.2) thinning fruits and fixing fruits: the fruit is separated for 2 times, the 1 st time is after fruit stabilization, weak small fruits, sick and insect fruits and malformed fruits are removed, if the fruit bearing amount of the tree body is too large, a part of fruit branches can be cut short and converted into nutrient branches; and 2, in the fruit setting, removing defective fruits, sunscald fruits and over dense fruits according to the proportion of the leaves and the fruits to adjust the size of the fruits and improve the quality of the fruits, wherein the ratio of the leaves and the fruits is generally 40-50: 1.
6) disease and pest control
6.1) spring tip emergence period and bud period (3-4 months): the prevention and treatment of scab, ulcer, sand skin disease, red spider, bud maggot, malignant leaf beetle and other diseases and pests are well done;
6.2) flowering period, physiological fruit drop period, summer tip emergence period (5-6 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as red spiders, scab, sand skin disease, anthracnose, scale insects, whiteflies, canker, and trypetid are well done;
6.3) fruit expansion period and autumn tip emergence period (7-8 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as canker, tick, leaf miner, scale insect, whitefly and the like are well done;
6.4) fruit expansion period and fruit mature period (9-11 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as red spiders, scab, anthracnose, fruit piercing moths, trypetid and the like are well done.
7) Harvesting
The optimal harvesting period is from 11 late-month to 12 early-month, and the content of soluble solids of the harvested fruits can generally reach more than 15 percent during the period; too early harvesting, poor appearance and properties of the fruits, low content of soluble solids and light flavor, and too late harvesting has the risk of ice and snow freeze injury.
8) Winter garden cleaning
After picking fruits, pruning withered and dead branches, insect-disease branches and over-dense cross branches, cutting short bearing branches, vigorous growing branches, nutrient branches with excessive growth at the top of a crown and aging nutrient branches at the periphery of the crown, and thinning shading branches at the lower part of the crown; spraying a medicament for 1 time in an orange garden, and spraying 70% mancozeb WP 600-800 times of the liquid or 30% difenoconazole-propiconazole EC 3000 times of the liquid and 99% celosite EC 200 times of the liquid; or turning the soil in the shallow orange garden for 1 time, wherein the depth is 12-15 cm.
According to the high-quality cultivation management method for the adult rock candy orange fruiters, the fertilizer management method 2) is mainly characterized in that the spring fertilizer is spread on the ground in the 1 st time without deep trench digging; the 2 nd time (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) mainly adopts ditching and trench digging or full-garden cultivation and deep fertilization to achieve the purposes of deep digging and root breaking and promoting the growth of new roots; the 3 rd time (fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer) is mainly sprayed and irrigated, and can be used together with spraying and drip irrigation; the 4 th time (picking fruit fertilizer) is mainly to spread shallow hoe and cover fertilizer on the shallow layer.
4.2) controlling tips, placing the autumn tips and strengthening fruits, and after the autumn tips are discharged, wiping off redundant tips according to a method of reserving 2-3 tips for each autumn tip to promote the growth of tidy and robust autumn tips. Promoting growth of robust autumn tips in the last 8 th ten days is one of key cultivation measures for realizing high yield, stable yield and high quality of crystal sugar oranges.
In the method for managing the high-quality cultivation of the adult crystal sugar orange fruity trees, the fruit picking method 7) is carried out after the moisture on the surfaces of the fruits is dry in sunny days, and the fruits are picked by adopting a're-shearing method', and the fruits are carefully and lightly taken in the picking and transferring processes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-quality cultivation management method for the mature crystal sugar orange fruiter trees comprises the steps of orchard soil management, fertilization management, water management, pruning and tip control management, yield and fruit management, pest control and the like. Particularly, the scientific and reasonable selection and control are carried out on the fertilization varieties, the fertilization amount and the fertilization time in different growth periods, the supplementation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace element fertilizers in different proportions in different growth periods is ensured, and the nutrition of the crystal sugar orange in the whole growth period is balanced and comprehensive. Repeated tests and production practices show that the optimal 4-time fertilization scheme has the best effect of stable production and quality improvement of the crystal sugar oranges; by adopting a method of intensively and uniformly putting autumn shoots for fruit strengthening, the cultured high-quality robust autumn shoots provide sufficient nutrient sources for the later expansion and quality improvement of the crystal sugar orange fruits, so that the accumulation of fruit sugar and the increase of fruit volume are promoted, and a good foundation is laid for the flowering fruits in the next year; the water control measure before picking is also beneficial to increasing the accumulation of sugar, and effectively promotes the quality improvement and the stable yield of the crystal sugar orange. The invention has the advantages of high fruit yield of over 80 percent, high soluble solid content of over 15 percent, high quality and stable yield of 2400 kg/667m2Thus, the aim of high yield and high quality fruit is achieved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1: a high-quality cultivation management method for mature crystal sugar orange fruiting trees with the age of 15 years.
1) Soil management
1.1) growing grass and cultivating: generally, the method is carried out in spring and autumn, weeds are shoveled and the soil is loosened in gaps among rows except for water dripping lines of tree crowns, grass seeds are sown timely, the grass seeds which grow fast and are high in yield and beneficial to propagation of natural enemies, such as ageratum, ryegrass and the like, are selected, and then a small amount of urea is spread. Cutting the grass in winter in spring, turning over and burying the grass in the soil, cutting the grass in summer in autumn, covering the grass under a tree tray, and turning over and burying the grass in the soil;
1.2) cultivating in a garden: the cultivation of the grasses can be carried out at the bottom of 2-3 months or 6 months for the garden without the grasses, 1-2 times per year, and the cultivation depth is 12-15 cm.
2) Fertilization management
According to the physiological characteristics of the crystal sugar oranges, the soil nutrient status and fertilizer requirement characteristics, the tree vigor (size) and the fruit bearing amount, as well as the principles that ' phosphorus and calcium fertilizers ' are enough, ' nitrogen and magnesium fertilizers ' are slightly deficient and ' potassium, boron, zinc, iron and copper fertilizers ' are just right ', due to scientific and balanced fertilization of the tree, the fruit is promoted to increase sugar and change color;
2.1) 1 st (spring fertilizer): applying the fertilizer to the flower from the time when the flower buds appear white to the time before the flower buds bloom, and applying 0.5-1 kg of 20-40% of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant according to 50kg of plant yield in the first 4 th to the middle 4 th of the month; meanwhile, according to the requirement of soil quality, appropriate amount of calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizers are supplemented;
2.2) No. 2 (fruit fertilizer): according to the tree vigor and the fruit bearing condition, 1-2 kg of 20% organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 2kg of thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer are applied to each plant before and after summer (in the last 6 th day);
2.3) No. 3 (fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer): before and after beginning autumn (last ten days of 8 months), 0.5-1 kg of total-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer containing various large, medium and trace elements, amino acid and humic acid is applied to each plant;
2.4) No. 4 (fruit picking fertilizer): after picking fruits, timely applying 1-2 kg of 20-45% of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant, and adding 0.5kg of 30% fulvic acid fertilizer; the fertilization is preferably early, and needs to be finished before 12 middle ten days at the latest;
2.5) topdressing outside roots: spraying foliar fertilizers (0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate) for 1 time respectively in the sprouting period of the tender tips of each season and before the leaves of the new tips are unfolded to turn green, accelerating the turning green of the leaves and enhancing the resistance of plants; and spraying foliar fertilizer (0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate) for 1 time respectively in 9 and 10 months to promote the coloring of the pericarp and improve the sweetness of the fruit.
3) Moisture management
7-9 months, which is an important period of rapid expansion, autumn tip hair extraction and high temperature drought prevention of the crystal sugar orange fruits, a large amount of nutrients and water need to be supplemented, and water is timely irrigated or sprayed for 2-3 times by combining application of a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer or a decomposed thin organic fertilizer; controlling water properly 30 days before harvesting, stopping watering 20 days before harvesting, and reducing the content of soluble solids of the crystal sugar orange due to excessive water shortage or excessive watering before harvesting so as to influence the quality and flavor of the fruit.
4) Pruning tip control management
4.1) pruning big branches: according to the branch angle characteristics of the tree body, only 3-5 main branches which are reasonably distributed are reserved on each tree body, and other big branches which compete with the main branches and are at dense positions are cut (sawed) to achieve the effects of ventilation, light transmission, three-dimensional result and stable and high-quality fruit;
4.2) tip control: on the basis of strict soil, fertilizer and water management, cultivating 15-20 cm thick spring shoot bearing branches in an important way; in 7 ten days in the middle of the month, all the summer tips which are not turned green are erased; in the last ten days of 8 months, the autumn tips are discharged in a centralized way, and the strong autumn tips are cultivated.
5) Yield and fruit management
5.1) fruit preservation: according to the quality and the flower quantity of the flowers, measures such as leaf protection, tip wiping, disease prevention and insect control, fruit protection agent spraying and the like are adopted for fruit protection. After 1-time fruit drop treatment and before 2-time fruit drop treatment, spraying 0.002-0.003 mg/L + phosphorus and potassium leaf fertilizer of brassinolide for 1 time on leaf surfaces for fruit preservation; in the weather of continuous overcast and rainy days and serious insufficient illumination, the fertilizer can be sprayed in the 1 st physiological fruit drop period in advance;
5.2) thinning fruits and fixing fruits: the fruit is separated for 2 times, the 1 st time is after fruit stabilization, weak small fruits, sick and insect fruits and malformed fruits are removed, if the fruit bearing amount of the tree body is too large, a part of fruit branches can be cut short and converted into nutrient branches; and 2, in the fruit setting, removing defective fruits, sunscald fruits and over dense fruits according to the proportion of the leaves and the fruits to adjust the size of the fruits and improve the quality of the fruits, wherein the ratio of the leaves and the fruits is generally 40-50: 1.
6) disease and pest control
6.1) spring tip emergence period and bud period (3-4 months): the prevention and treatment of scab, ulcer, sand skin disease, red spider, bud maggot, malignant leaf beetle and other diseases and pests are well done;
6.2) flowering period, physiological fruit drop period, summer tip emergence period (5-6 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as red spiders, scab, sand skin disease, anthracnose, scale insects, whiteflies, canker, and trypetid are well done;
6.3) fruit expansion period and autumn tip emergence period (7-8 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as canker, tick, leaf miner, scale insect, whitefly and the like are well done;
6.4) fruit expansion period and fruit mature period (9-11 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as red spiders, scab, anthracnose, fruit piercing moths, trypetid and the like are well done.
7) Harvesting
The optimal harvesting period is from 11 late-month to 12 early-month, and the content of soluble solids of the harvested fruits can generally reach more than 15 percent during the period; too early harvesting, poor appearance and properties of the fruits, low content of soluble solids and light flavor, and too late harvesting has the risk of ice and snow freeze injury.
8) Winter garden cleaning
After picking fruits, pruning withered and dead branches, insect-disease branches and over-dense cross branches, cutting short bearing branches, vigorous growing branches, nutrient branches with excessive growth at the top of a crown and aging nutrient branches at the periphery of the crown, and thinning shading branches at the lower part of the crown; spraying a medicament for 1 time in an orange garden, and spraying 70% mancozeb WP 600-800 times of the liquid or 30% difenoconazole-propiconazole EC 3000 times of the liquid and 99% celosite EC 200 times of the liquid; or turning the soil in the shallow orange garden for 1 time, wherein the depth is 12-15 cm.
According to the high-quality cultivation management method for the adult rock candy orange fruiters, the fertilizer management method 2) is mainly characterized in that the spring fertilizer is spread on the ground in the 1 st time without deep trench digging; the 2 nd time (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) mainly adopts ditching and trench digging or full-garden cultivation and deep fertilization to achieve the purposes of deep digging and root breaking and promoting the growth of new roots; the 3 rd time (fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer) is mainly sprayed and irrigated, and can be used together with spraying and drip irrigation; the 4 th time (picking fruit fertilizer) is mainly to spread shallow hoe and cover fertilizer on the shallow layer.
4.2) controlling tips, placing the autumn tips and strengthening fruits, and after the autumn tips are discharged, wiping off redundant tips according to a method of reserving 2-3 tips for each autumn tip to promote the growth of tidy and robust autumn tips. Promoting growth of robust autumn tips in the last 8 th ten days is one of key cultivation measures for realizing high yield, stable yield and high quality of crystal sugar oranges.
In the method for managing the high-quality cultivation of the adult crystal sugar orange fruity trees, the fruit picking method 7) is carried out after the moisture on the surfaces of the fruits is dry in sunny days, and the fruits are picked by adopting a're-shearing method', and the fruits are carefully and lightly taken in the picking and transferring processes.
Example 2: the planting method and the steps are the same as those of the example 1, and high-quality cultivation management is carried out on adult rock candy orange fruiting trees with the age of 20 years.
Performance testing
By using the high-quality cultivation management methods of the adult rock candy orange fruity trees of the examples 1 and 2, and comparing with a comparative example (the adult rock candy orange fruity trees which are not planted by the traditional method of the invention), income analysis is carried out on indexes such as yield, soluble solid content and the like, and specific data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different cultivation management methods on the yield and quality of sugar oranges
| Item | Yield Kg/667m2 | Soluble solids (%) | Titratable acid (%) |
| Example 1 | 2513 | 15.8 | 0.19 |
| Example 2 | 2495 | 16.1 | 0.38 |
| Comparative example | 2010 | 11.1 | 0.89 |
As can be seen from the table, the adult crystal sugar orange fruiter cultivated in the cultivation manners of examples 1 and 2 has good yield and quality, and the yield and soluble solid content of the fruiter are respectively improved by 485Kg/667m in comparison with the ratio2～503Kg/667m24.7 to 5.0 percent, and the titratable acid is reduced by 0.51 to 0.7 percent;
therefore, the high-quality cultivation management method for the adult rock candy orange fruiters effectively improves the yield and the quality of the rock candy oranges and brings great economic benefits to fruit growers.
The invention and its embodiments have been described in detail, rather than being limited by the scope of the claims, and all changes, equivalents, and modifications that come within the spirit and scope of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (4)
1. A high-quality cultivation management method for adult rock candy orange fruiters is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) soil management
1.1) growing grass and cultivating: generally, the method is carried out in spring and autumn, weed is shoveled and loosened in gaps among rows except for water dripping lines of tree crowns, grass seeds are sown timely, grass seeds which are fast in growth and high in yield and are beneficial to propagation of natural enemies, such as ageratum, ryegrass and the like, are selected, and then a small amount of urea is spread; cutting the grass in winter in spring, turning over and burying the grass in the soil, cutting the grass in summer in autumn, covering the grass under a tree tray, and turning over and burying the grass in the soil;
1.2) cultivating in a garden: cultivating the garden without grass growing at the bottom of 2-3 months or 6 months for 1-2 times per year at a cultivation depth of 12-15 cm;
2) fertilization management
According to the physiological characteristics of the crystal sugar oranges, the soil nutrient condition, the strength (size) of the tree, the fruit bearing amount, the fertilizer requirement characteristics that ' phosphorus and calcium fertilizers ' are sufficient, ' nitrogen and magnesium fertilizers ' are slightly deficient and ' potassium, boron, zinc, iron and copper fertilizers ' are just right ', the increase of sugar and color of fruits is promoted due to scientific and balanced fertilization of the tree;
2.1) 1 st (spring fertilizer): applying the fertilizer to the flower from the time when the flower buds appear white to the time before the flower buds bloom, and applying 0.5-1 kg of 20-40% of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant according to 50kg of plant yield in the first 4 th to the middle 4 th of the month; meanwhile, according to the requirement of soil quality, appropriate amount of calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizers are supplemented;
2.2) No. 2 (fruit fertilizer): according to the tree vigor and the fruit bearing condition, 1-2 kg of 20% organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and 2kg of thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer are applied to each plant before and after summer (in the last 6 th day);
2.3) No. 3 (fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer): before and after beginning autumn (last ten days of 8 months), 0.5-1 kg of total-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer containing various large, medium and trace elements, amino acid and humic acid is applied to each plant;
2.4) No. 4 (fruit picking fertilizer): after picking fruits, timely applying 1-2 kg of 20-45% of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer to each plant, and adding 0.5kg of 30% fulvic acid fertilizer; the fertilization is preferably early, and needs to be finished before 12 middle ten days at the latest;
2.5) topdressing outside roots: spraying foliar fertilizers (0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate) for 1 time respectively in the sprouting period of the tender tips of each season and before the leaves of the new tips are unfolded to turn green, accelerating the turning green of the leaves and enhancing the resistance of plants; spraying foliar fertilizer (0.3-0.5% of monopotassium phosphate) for 1 time respectively in 9 and 10 months to promote the coloring of the pericarp and improve the sweetness of the fruit;
3) moisture management
7-9 months, which is an important period of rapid expansion, autumn tip hair extraction and high temperature drought prevention of the crystal sugar orange fruits, a large amount of nutrients and water need to be supplemented, and water is timely irrigated or sprayed for 2-3 times by combining application of a full-nutrient water-soluble fertilizer or a decomposed thin organic fertilizer; controlling water properly 30 days before harvesting, stopping watering 20 days before harvesting, and reducing the content of soluble solids of the crystal sugar orange due to excessive water shortage or excessive watering before harvesting so as to influence the quality and flavor of the fruit;
4) pruning tip control management
4.1) pruning big branches: according to the branch angle characteristics of the tree body, only 3-5 main branches which are reasonably distributed are reserved on each tree body, and other big branches which compete with the main branches and are at dense positions are cut (sawed) to achieve the effects of ventilation, light transmission, three-dimensional result and stable and high-quality fruit;
4.2) tip control: on the basis of strict soil, fertilizer and water management, cultivating 15-20 cm thick spring shoot bearing branches in an important way; in 7 ten days in the middle of the month, all the summer tips which are not turned green are erased; in the last ten days of 8 months, intensively discharging autumn tips, and cultivating strong autumn tips;
5) yield and fruit management
5.1) fruit preservation: according to the quality and the flower quantity of the flowers, measures such as leaf protection, tip wiping, disease prevention and insect control, fruit protection agent spraying and the like are adopted for fruit protection; after 1-time fruit drop treatment and before 2-time fruit drop treatment, spraying 0.002-0.003 mg/L + phosphorus and potassium leaf fertilizer of brassinolide for 1 time on leaf surfaces for fruit preservation; in the weather of continuous overcast and rainy days and serious insufficient illumination, the fertilizer can be sprayed in the 1 st physiological fruit drop period in advance;
5.2) thinning fruits and fixing fruits: the fruit is separated for 2 times, the 1 st time is after fruit stabilization, weak small fruits, sick and insect fruits and malformed fruits are removed, if the fruit bearing amount of the tree body is too large, a part of fruit branches can be cut short and converted into nutrient branches; and 2, in the fruit setting, removing defective fruits, sunscald fruits and over dense fruits according to the proportion of the leaves and the fruits to adjust the size of the fruits and improve the quality of the fruits, wherein the ratio of the leaves and the fruits is generally 40-50: 1;
6) disease and pest control
6.1) spring tip emergence period and bud period (3-4 months): the prevention and treatment of scab, ulcer, sand skin disease, red spider, bud maggot, malignant leaf beetle and other diseases and pests are well done;
6.2) flowering period, physiological fruit drop period, summer tip emergence period (5-6 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as red spiders, scab, sand skin disease, anthracnose, scale insects, whiteflies, canker, and trypetid are well done;
6.3) fruit expansion period and autumn tip emergence period (7-8 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as canker, tick, leaf miner, scale insect, whitefly and the like are well done;
6.4) fruit expansion period and fruit mature period (9-11 months): the prevention and control of diseases and pests such as red spiders, scab, anthracnose, fruit piercing moths, trypetid and the like are well done;
7) harvesting
The optimal harvesting period is from 11 late-month to 12 early-month, and the content of soluble solids of the harvested fruits can generally reach more than 15 percent during the period; too early harvesting, poor appearance and character of fruits, low content of soluble solid matters and light flavor, and too late harvesting has the risk of ice and snow freeze injury;
8) winter garden cleaning
After picking fruits, pruning withered and dead branches, insect-disease branches and over-dense cross branches, cutting short bearing branches, vigorous growing branches, nutrient branches with excessive growth at the top of a crown and aging nutrient branches at the periphery of the crown, and thinning shading branches at the lower part of the crown; spraying a medicament for 1 time in an orange garden, and spraying 70% mancozeb WP 600-800 times of the liquid or 30% difenoconazole-propiconazole EC 3000 times of the liquid and 99% celosite EC 200 times of the liquid; or turning the soil in the shallow orange garden for 1 time, wherein the depth is 12-15 cm.
2. According to the high-quality cultivation management method for the adult rock candy orange fruiters, the fertilizer management method 2) is mainly characterized in that the spring fertilizer is spread on the ground in the 1 st time without deep trench digging; the 2 nd time (fruit-strengthening fertilizer) mainly adopts ditching and trench digging or full-garden cultivation and deep fertilization to achieve the purposes of deep digging and root breaking and promoting the growth of new roots; the 3 rd time (fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer) is mainly sprayed and irrigated, and can be used together with spraying and drip irrigation; the 4 th time (picking fruit fertilizer) is mainly to spread shallow hoe and cover fertilizer on the shallow layer.
3. 4.2) controlling tips, placing the autumn tips and strengthening fruits, after the autumn tips are released, wiping off redundant tips according to a method of reserving 2-3 tips for each autumn tip, and promoting the growth of tidy and robust autumn tips; promoting growth of robust autumn tips in the last 8 th ten days is one of key cultivation measures for realizing high yield, stable yield and high quality of crystal sugar oranges.
4. In the method for managing the high-quality cultivation of the adult crystal sugar orange fruity trees, the fruit picking method 7) is carried out after the moisture on the surfaces of the fruits is dry in sunny days, and the fruits are picked by adopting a're-shearing method', and the fruits are carefully and lightly taken in the picking and transferring processes.
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| CN112840939A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-28 | 南充市农业科学院 | High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for late-maturing citrus |
| CN112930998A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-11 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Regulating and controlling method for planting rock candy oranges in alkaline-earth soil |
| CN114208579A (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2022-03-22 | 廉江市茗皇红橙果业有限公司 | High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for red oranges |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112840939A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-28 | 南充市农业科学院 | High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method for late-maturing citrus |
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