CN103329770A - New regulation of blueberry planting technology in subtropical regions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a new regulation of a blueberry planting technology suitable for subtropical zones such as Guangdong Province. The new regulation comprises the technological steps that selected land is plowed for about 25cm, levelled and then ridged; a spacing in rows, a spacing between the rows and a planting pit are specified; after a land preparation procedure, S powder is used for soil improvement; a pH value of the soil is adjusted to be 4.5; the content of an organic matter of the soil is detected; the organic matter is additionally applied by above 5%; after the soil improvement, nursery stocks of a heat-resistant southern highbush blueberry and a rabbiteye blueberry are planted; management such as soil covering, grass control and fertilization is performed; with growth of the nursery stocks, trimming, pollination, water supply, flower and fruit thinning and pest control are performed duly; and fruits are required to be picked duly after mature. With the adoption of the method, the yield and the quality of the planted blueberries reach high-grade degrees, and the method is simple to operate, easy to manage, and simple and convenient to implement, and saves manpower and material resources.

Description

A subtropical area blueberry planting technology new order

Technical field

The invention belongs to the blueberry field of planting.

Technical background

Blueberry refers to the general designation of Ericaceae genus vaccinium plant, because its fruit is called blueberry for blue berry event.Kind surplus the genus vaccinium plant that the whole world distributes can reach 400, China's distribution kind has 91 kinds, because wild genus vaccinium plant plant is short and small, the fruit grain is little though anthocyanidin content is high, is not suitable for artificial cultivation.The whole world can all derive from the North America by tame blueberry at present, the highest kind can reach more than 2 meters, comprehensive characteristics are that fruit is bigger, the output height, contain rich nutrient contents in the blueberry fruit, not only have good nutrition health-care functions, also have functions such as the cerebral nerve of preventing is aging, cardiac stimulant, anticancer softening blood vessel, enhancing human organism immunity.

The blueberry cultivation of China is started late, mainly based on northern Gao Cong, half Gao Cong that introduces, short clump, Nan Gaocong and lagophthalmos blueberry.Cultivated area mainly will be distributed in Shandong, Jilin, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Yunnan etc. by about 150,000 mu of the end of the year 2012.Shandong Province's industrialization cultivated area maximum wherein.

Heyuan City introduces blueberry and starts from 2007, through the test over 5 years, has filtered out 5 of suitable local blueberry kinds of cultivating, and popularizing planting has been filled up the blank of Guangdong Province's plantation blueberry more than 1500 mu.Introduction and Experiment shows that headwaters area open country plantation blueberry can ripely go on the market at the beginning of 5 months every year, be China's present open country plantation blueberry zone of maturation the earliest, and the market advantage is huge.Heyuan City introduces a fine variety and just succeeds, be not only the southernmost end of China's plantation blueberry, it also is the southernmost end of present Northern Hemisphere plantation blueberry, move on to north latitude 23 degree in China blueberry planting area south, north latitude 26 degree than the North America, having passed 3 degree southwards, is that important contributed value is arranged for global blueberry cultivation theory.

Because Heyuan City is positioned at whole world cultivation blueberry southernmost, its culture technique also is different from other areas, and the blueberry planting technology rules of setting up suitable one's respective area are necessary.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the blueberry planting technology new order of subtropical areas such as a kind of suitable Guangdong.This new technology is simple to operate, and applicability is wide, is beneficial to the growth of blueberry, can improve the blueberry yield and quality.

The present invention is blueberry planting technology new order, the technical scheme of taking is to set up blueberry planting technology new order, the technical scheme of described blueberry planting technology new order is: turned over about 25 centimetres in the soil of selecting for use, clap and brokenly make ridge, regulation seeding row spacing and planting pit after smooth.After treating that whole ground operation is finished, utilize the S powder to carry out soil melioration, pH in soil is adjusted to 4.5, behind the adjustment pH, detect the content of organic matter of soil.After soil melioration finishes, select south high clump blueberry and the lagophthalmos blueberry nursery stock of heat resistant type to plant.Carry out after planting that soil covers, control grass and fertilizing management, along with the growth of nursery stock, prune, water supply, flower and fruit management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and pollination etc.Behind the fruit maturation, timely collecting.

On nursery stock is selected, south high clump blueberry and lagophthalmos blueberry kind nursery stock based on heat resistant type, select plant height to build the garden at 2 years more than the 40cm, more than the stem base diameter 0.4cm or 3 years livings pot seedlings or bareroot seedling, require that robust plant, branch are many, well developed root system, no damage by disease and insect and obvious the injury.

Planting seasonally, be chosen in (early November～mid-March) plantation before autumn and winter and the rudiment in spring, if pot seedling all can be planted except hot season in summer, bareroot seedling should be planted in resting stage.To show backfill behind soil, matrix and the fertilizer mixing when planting, trample on backfill limit, limit, prevents later stage nursery stock sinking.Should avoid seedling root directly to contact with fertilizer when planting.The depth of planting is advisable with nursery stock rhizome position and ground keeping parallelism.In time water permeable after the field planting.

Doing on the ridge, based on the north-south, require to do wide ridge and plant, the wide 80cm that is not less than in the top on ridge, the bottom is wide about 1.5m, and the ridge height is at 15～40cm.

On planting, seeding row spacing and planting pit will be determined seeding row spacing according to kind shrubbery size.South high clump blueberry kind is 1.0m～1.5m * 2.0m～2.5m, and lagophthalmos blueberry kind is 1.5m～2.0m * 2.5m～3.0m.Dig the planting pit of diameter 50cm * degree of depth 50cm at the ridge face, or wide field planting ditch for 50cm * degree of depth 50cm suitable for reading is used for planting.

In soil melioration, select for use Cosan to reduce soil pH value, after being sieved, evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields in Quan Yuan Cosan, plough deeply 15cm～20cm, specific to consumption.On sandy loam, it is 50KG/ mu that pH drops to 4.5 Cosan consumptions by 6.0, and the consumption that pH6.5 drops to 4.5 Cosans is 50KG/ mu, and pH drops to 4.5 usefulness Cosan 60KG/ mus by 7.0.When the organic matter of soil is lower than 5%, carry out the improvement of soil matrix by adding suitable turfy soil, pine needle, wood sawdust and mashed bark, organic matter is adjusted to more than 5%.

In soil management, adopt sod mulch, full garden covers straw, straw, wood chip and pine needle etc., and mantle thickness is conducive to prevent soil erosion like this more than 10 ㎝, reduce water evaporates, suppresses weed growth.Mantle thickness plays and preserves moisture, increases organic matter content in soil more than 10 ㎝, improves the soil structure effect.

On fertilizing method, adopt two kinds of methods: soil application, adopt spread fertilizer over the fields, ditch spread or the mode of spreading manuer in holes, fertilization depth is 10cm～20cm.The earthing of in time pouring water after the fertilising; Foliar application lacks certain element symptom according to the blueberry plant, contains certain first fertilizer as a kind of additional fertilization mode by foliage-spray.According to tree body situation, can spray little fertilizer, photosynthetic fertilizer, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate etc. in vegetative period.Can add spray 0.2% borax as the florescence, growth can be sprayed urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the later stage, and the concentration of urea is 0.3%, the concentration 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

On trim mode, adopt cutting back to combine with thin deleting, and long put, pinching, draw methods such as branch and retraction, be specially: the treelet phase in 1～2 year of field planting prunes to enlarge tree crown and is shaped as the master, winter to be removing branch, descending branch, overstocked branch, overlapping branch a little less than the bottom, to intersect, and wipes out whole buds; Growth is carried out pinching or cutting back to the part water sprout in season, promotes branch; Fruit phase pruning just takes into account tree crown with few results and expands as principle, removes weak branch, keeps golden mean of the Confucian school branch and partly is used for the result than enriching shoot, the peripheral strong branch of cutting back; Prune the control tree crown full bearing period, prune the thin and delicate branch in the strain clump, old and feeble branch, sick branch, overstocked branch or branch group off, the old branch of retraction, keep strong branch branch as a result of, the branch group that annual cultivation is new, and remove too much bud, take out living situation according to bear fruit situation and young sprout when spending the back complex shears and finally determine to stay the fruit amount, the healthy and strong shoot of rationally selecting and remain annual summer progressively upgrades old and feeble adult bough, keeps the relatively stable of tree crown and output; Fruit bearing shoot is pruned the growth of selecting and remain and is enriched the long fruit branch of the golden mean of the Confucian school, prune away 1/3rd or 1/2nd of its long top bud, keep 6～10 buds, medium fruit branch is except density is given birth to branch, general cutting back not, keep 4～6 in bud, each keeps 2～4 buds prunings fruit spur, removes thin and delicate, intersection fruit bearing shoot; Pinching was carried out in late April or late June, promoted branch; Draw branch in April～May biennial above branch to be drawn branch for the first time, draw branch in July～August to taking out living excessive growth fruit bearing shoot then for the second time, each major branch of its grove is evenly distributed.

On flower and fruit management, the operation that carry out has: flower and fruit thinning, determine result quantities according to tree vigo(u)r during winter pruning, and remove unnecessary bud.Remove young fruit according to the situation of bearing fruit, improve fruit quality; Strengthen pollination, the reasonable disposition pollinizers, main breed and pollinated variety florescence basically identical can significantly improve fruit-setting rate; Supplementary pollination can be put the honeybee supplementary pollination, improves fruit quality and output; Guarantee the supply of fruit moisture, fruit development period runs into arid, and fruit can note avoiding during this period too arid of moisture because of the lack of water impaired development.

On the extermination of disease and insect pest, the method that adopts has: cultural control, the ventilation and penetrating light condition is improved in conjunction with winter pruning in time clear garden, removes the sick branch tip, leaf, fruit and weeds, focus on and burn, to reduce the bacterium source, reduce the insect population radix, enhance field management winter, regularly plough deeply soil 20cm, eliminate the insect that survives the winter in the soil; Physical control utilizes the phototaxis of insect, uses frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, sweet and sour jar of (bottle) the insect-killing trapping adult of etc.ing,, distribute insect concentrated or that have seemingly-dead property few to generating capacity, and the employing artificial vibration is catched and killed.

On gathering, according to blueberry in inflorescence, bloom order have have earlier after, inconsistent characteristics of the maturing stage of fruit are carried out the branch kind and are gathered by stages and in groups, about 3 days full bearing periods once, just fruit and end 4～6 days phases of fruit gather once, should deposit fruit and wear gloves or fingerstall according to the special container of appointment during harvesting, eat raw when plucking with fruit and will gently take, put down gently.There are not branch stalk and blade in the fresh fruit, no crude fruit, decayed fruit, dehiscent fruit.Sick fruit, malformed fruit should singly be received singly and put.

Implement the embodiment of the invention, have following beneficial effect: it is strict to put in order ground to choosing, nursery stock is planted pre-treatment and has guaranteed plant percent, and strict pruning was topdressed in suitable period, what use is the high-efficiency low-toxicity less-persistent pesticide, make the blueberry yield and quality of plantation all reach well, and simple to operate, be easy to management, energy-conservation manpower and materials, simple and easy to do.

Description of drawings

Fig. 11 is grass, and 2 is the blueberry fruit, and 3 for setting the concrete column of climbing up by holding on to for blueberry, and 4 is the blueberry fruit tree.

  

Claims (1)

1. blueberry planting technology new order, it is characterized in that, during soil melioration, select for use Cosan to reduce soil pH value, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields in Quan Yuan after Cosan is sieved, plough deeply 15cm～20cm, specific to consumption, on sandy loam, it is 50KG/ mu that pH drops to 4.5 Cosan consumptions by 6.0, the consumption that pH6.5 drops to 4.5 Cosans is 50KG/ mu, and pH drops to 4.5 usefulness Cosan 60KG/ mus by 7.0; When the organic matter of soil is lower than 5%, carry out the improvement of soil matrix by adding suitable turfy soil, pine needle, wood sawdust and mashed bark, organic matter is adjusted to more than 5%; When selecting cultivar, based on south high clump blueberry and the lagophthalmos blueberry of heat resistant type; Adopt sod mulch when soil management, full garden covers straw, straw, wood chip and pine needle etc., and mantle thickness is conducive to prevent soil erosion like this more than 10 ㎝, reduce water evaporates, suppresses weed growth,

Mantle thickness plays and preserves moisture, increases organic matter content in soil more than 10 ㎝, improves the soil structure effect; Two kinds of methods are adopted in fertilising, soil application adopt spread fertilizer over the fields, ditch spread or the mode of spreading manuer in holes, fertilization depth is 10cm～20cm, the earthing of in time pouring water after the fertilising, during foliar application, lack certain element symptom according to the blueberry plant, contain certain first fertilizer as a kind of additional fertilization mode by foliage-spray, according to tree body situation, can spray little fertilizer, photosynthetic fertilizer, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate in vegetative period, can add spray 0.2% borax at the florescence, the growth later stage can be sprayed urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the concentration of urea is 0.3%, the concentration 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

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