CN101305671B - Camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting propagating method - Google Patents
Camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting propagating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101305671B CN101305671B CN2008100736486A CN200810073648A CN101305671B CN 101305671 B CN101305671 B CN 101305671B CN 2008100736486 A CN2008100736486 A CN 2008100736486A CN 200810073648 A CN200810073648 A CN 200810073648A CN 101305671 B CN101305671 B CN 101305671B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a propagating method for Camellia chrysantha and young stock grafting. The propagating method comprises the following steps: the young stocks are cultivated by adopting the seeds of the common Camellia oleifera in the oiltea camellia species, a shed house is erected in the nursery land for cultivating the stocks before grafting for shading, the young seedlings in 3 to 6 months are taken as the stocks, grafting is performed to the Camellia chrysantha in the phenological period, the branches of the Camellia chrysantha from semi-lignification to lignification are grafted and then are immediately used for covering the plastic thin film for moisturizing, and the work of bud pruning, fertilizer and water management and extermination of diseases and insect pests is well performed. The propagating method of the invention not only has the advantages of short cultivation period, simple operation and low cost, but also solves the problems that the large-scale propagation for the bog stock grafting of the Camellia chrysantha is not easy, and the material selecting of the tree stock is difficult. Furthermore, the method can effectively reduce the consumption of grafting and propagating material and improve the economic value of the development of the Camellia chrysantha.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the propagation method of the propagation method of a kind of flowers, particularly a kind of camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting.
Background technology
Camellia nitidissima (Camellia chrysantha) is out the common name of the camellia of yellow flower, belongs to Theaceae Camellia Camellia nitidissima group, is world's preciousness, rare ornamental plants and the yellow genetic resources of camellia, enjoys the laudatory title of " queen of tea family ".Camellia nitidissima not only has high ornamental plantation and is worth, and because leaf of Camellia nitidissima and flower contain the amino acid of natural Tea Polyphenols and tea polysaccharide and needed by human, preventing and treating angiocardiopathy, arteriosclerosis, delaying senility, improve aspects such as body's immunity and have good control efficiency and health-care effect, so its economic worth and the equal highly significant of medical value.Because Camellia nitidissima is famous and precious and have special sight and medical value, market development utilization in recent years is very active, and it is in short supply that the demand of nursery stock resource also shows especially.At present, adopt asexual propagation methods such as cuttage, big stock grafting and press strip all need consume bigger propagating materials, cost height, be difficult for promoting, and cultivation period is longer, also is unfavorable for vegetative large-scale production of Camellia nitidissima and Application and Development.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the propagation method that a kind of cultivation period is short, consumptive material reaches the low camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting of cost less.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme: the propagation method of camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting of the present invention is operated according to the following steps:
1, cultivate young anvil, its operating procedure and require as follows:
(1) ground, garden is selected: select suitable step paddy field or newly-ploughed hillside fields to make ground, garden;
(2) garden ground farming: whole in advance ground and to use sufficient base manure standby;
(3) seed treatment: educate seed selection, sterilization and the vernalization of anvil seed before the sowing, seed is selected the common oil tea seed in the oil tea species for use;
(4) anvil is educated in sowing: sow annual January December to next year after the presprouting of seeds;
(5) stock management: after planting regularly trickle is preserved moisture, and treats to strengthen after nursery stock is unearthed the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
2, propagation by grafiting, its operating procedure and require as follows:
(1) build cool canopy: the nursery lot of cultivating stock is put up cool canopy in order to shading before grafting;
(2) grafting: the seedling with 3～6 monthly ages is a stock, carries out grafting in the suitable phenophase of Camellia nitidissima, and scion uses the Camellia nitidissima semi-lignified to complete lignified branch;
(3) preserve moisture: encircle plastic film cover after the grafting immediately and preserve moisture, every grafting bed is the unit of independently preserving moisture;
(4) managing after grafting: carry out mainly that rudiment is wiped out, the control of rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect.
The base manure that applies at nursery lot during the young anvil of described cultivation can be mixed by the following raw material of preparation by mass percentage: farmyard manure 60%～70%, turf plaster 20%～30%, decomposed dung or become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%.
In the stock management of carrying out during the young anvil of described cultivation, when nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, begin fertilising, executed the bran cake liquid manure or of becoming thoroughly decomposed for 2 times in every month based on nitrogenous composite fertilizer; In diseases and pests controlling, add concentration and be 0.1%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or humic acid liquid foliage fertilizer and carry out foliage spray.
Described in the step of propagation by grafiting, behind grafting survival, executed the bran cake liquid manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time～2 times in every month, at Camellia nitidissima growth animated period, carried out foliage fertilization 1 time in per 10 days～15 days, with concentration is that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and, add with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests in conjunction with foliar application.
The cultivation period of propagation method of the present invention is short; generally only need 6～10 months; and simple to operate, cost is low; can also solve Camellia nitidissima big stock grafting breeding preferably and be difficult for scale, the stock problems such as difficulty of drawing materials, can also effectively reduce the propagation by grafiting material deterioration inside, improve the economic worth of Camellia nitidissima exploitation.
Embodiment
The used stock of propagation method of the present invention mainly is to adopt the common oil tea cultivating seeds in the oil tea species to become young anvil.Because the affiliation of Camellia nitidissima and common oil tea is more approaching, so graft survival rate is higher, and the conventional oil tea resource is abundant, draws materials easily.
Below the concrete operations step of propagation method of the present invention is done detailed explanation:
1, cultivates young anvil
(1) garden ground is selected: select traffic convenience, physical features is smooth, leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are good, ground, garden is made in the step paddy field of loosing soil or newly-ploughed hillside fields, requires to the garden winter to go to a winter resort, the summer can exempt from extremely hot.
(2) garden ground farming: dig comprehensively, shine soil in autumn the previous year, winter, once plowing again before the sowing, intensive cultivation, use sufficient base manure, base manure can be by being hybridly prepared into by following mass percent proportion raw material: farmyard manure 60%～70%, turf plaster 20%～30%, decomposed dung or become thoroughly decomposed bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3%.When making ground, garden with cultivated land, must carry out soil disinfection prior to seeding.
(3) seed treatment: seed is selected the common oil tea seed in the oil tea species for use, and in early November is carried out presprouting of seeds then, its operation requires: seed soaking earlier 2 days～3 days, remove the light grain seed and the small-sized seed of bubbling through the water column, choose grain big, full, do not have and go mouldy and the seed of insect pest, be 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 5 minutes with concentration again, pick up and rinse the husky vernalization of hiding in back well, and note keeping river sand moistening, and humidity is with agglomerating with grasped, and loosing one's grip scatters is advisable.
(4) anvil is educated in sowing: January December to next year then, treat that seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to grow the back to radicle and take out sowing that seeding method is based on the strip program request after the presprouting of seeds, seeding row spacing is 8cm * 15cm, and every mu with kind of a 75kg～100kg; Earthing 1.5cm～2.0cm after planting, and cover the water of drenching again behind the seedbed with straw or stalk.Winter sowing can cover with plastic film, to improve seedling bed temperature, is beneficial to ahead of time and emerges.
(5) stock management: after planting must be in time, trickle equably, keep the seedbed moistening.After nursery stock grows 2～3 leaves, loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding, begin to drench and execute liquid manure, 2 times every month, execute concentration and be 0.1%～0.5% become thoroughly decomposed bran cake liquid manure or based on nitrogenous composite fertilizer, concentration increases gradually, the pouring blade face is watered with clear water in the fertilising back.Attention control oil tea root rot, leaf soft rot and anthracnose and all kinds of oil tea insect in diseases and pests controlling, can add concentration and were 0.1%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or humic acid liquid foliage fertilizer and carry out foliage spray seedling stage.
2, propagation by grafiting
(1) build cool canopy: the nursery lot of cultivating stock is put up cool canopy in order to shading before grafting, can build simple and easy cool canopy, and the canopy height is generally at 2.5m～3.0m.Camellia nitidissima is liked inclined to one side the moon and avoids burning sun, so shade density preferably reaches 80%～90%, specifically according to adjusting in season and weather condition, torridity summer and arid dry season are high, and spring, plum rain season can suitably be opened shade net.
(2) grafting: the seedling with 3～6 monthly ages is a stock, selects preferable grafting time to carry out grafting, and the grafting time that propagation method of the present invention is suitable is annual May～June.Grafting method can adopt cleft graft, and to complete lignification branch, the leaf bud of scion is full with the Camellia nitidissima semi-lignified in scion, and the fringe bar is noted preserving moisture with adopting with connecing.During grafting earlier with stock from breaking of about 5cm overhead with top, follow stock indulged cleave in two, the dark 1.2cm～1.5cm of otch, again scion is whittled into the long wedge shape of 1.2～1.5cm, scion keeps 1 bud, 1 leaf, and blade can cut off 1/2～2/3 blade face, and stock and scion are cut mouth and wanted level and smooth; Then the stock otch is inserted in the scion of cutting, petiole one side cortex aligns, and puts and clutch, the degree of tightness appropriateness with the aluminum slice that is about 3cm, wide about 1.0cm (as pricking head with the 2# aluminium).
(3) preserve moisture: it is one of key factor of surviving of Camellia nitidissima grafting that nursery lot is preserved moisture.Encircle plastic film cover after the grafting immediately and preserve moisture (every grafting bed is the unit of independently preserving moisture), humidity should remain on 80%～90% in the cover; Grafting heals into live time and needs about 20 days～30 days approximately, during the cover of preserving moisture should not often open, good when the healing of seedling grafting mouth, and at least 60% above plant sprouts when taking out living young sprout, can be with the cover dismounting of preserving moisture.
(4) managing after grafting:
1. remove in good time sprout: after the grafting mouth healed fully, the rudiment with stock of beginning not timing was wiped out;
2. the fertilising and the extermination of disease and insect pest: use by the raw material of following mass percent and mix bran cake liquid manure that the system of macerating makes to fully the becoming thoroughly decomposed usefulness of topdressing: bran cake fertilizer 75%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, bone meal 5%; To November, drenched that to execute 1 time～2 times concentration be 5% bran cake dilution liquid manure in every month behind the grafting survival.At Camellia nitidissima growth animated period, foliage fertilization was 1 time in per 10 days～15 days, with concentration is that 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and auximone spray blade, and in conjunction with foliar application, adding with 1000 times～2000 times liquid of trichlorphon original powder and active ingredient percentage is 1000 times～1200 times liquid sprayings of 72% tpn wetting powder prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
After the cover of preserving moisture is removed, to carry out blade face water spray, every day 1 time～2 times in hot arid or dry season.
Below be that the inventor uses the example that the inventive method is carried out the camellia chrysantha young anvil grafting breeding:
Example 1:2004 early November is carried out seed (common oil tea seed) vernalization, in January, 2005, anvil was educated in sowing, and the garden base manure of using is the mixed raw material one-tenth by following mass percent: farmyard manure 70%, turf plaster 20%, decomposed dung 7% and superphosphate 3%.Children's anvil was cultivated after 4 months, was scion (staying half leaf) with common Camellia nitidissima semi-lignified branch, adopted cleft graft to carry out grafting in late May, and grafting survived condition survey after 30 days, and survival rate reaches 85.3%.Sprout, impose root manure and management work such as foliar application, the extermination of disease and insect pest after remove, just have December 95.6% grafting to take out living young sprout then, the long average 16.0cm of young sprout reaches 26.0cm most.
Example 2:2005 sow and cultivate common oil tea seedling December, and the base manure of using is the mixed raw material one-tenth by following mass percent with cultivating preceding garden: farmyard manure 60%, turf plaster 30%, bran cake fertilizer 7% and superphosphate 3% become thoroughly decomposed.In June, 2006, the common oil tea seedling with 6 monthly ages made stock, was scion with concave veins Camellia nitidissima lignification branch, adopted cleft graft to carry out grafting.Grafting begins the foliage-spray phytocytomine 3 times after 15 days, once other control measures were with embodiment 1 in per 7 days～10 days.Grafting was investigated after 40 days, and the healing of seedling grafting mouth is good.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1541531A (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-03 | 广西富新科技股份有限公司 | Root promoting agent suitable for camellia chrysantha burgeon cuttage |
| CN101124877A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2008-02-20 | 攸县林业局 | Growing seedlings method for oil-tea sprout with grafting container cup |
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2008
- 2008-06-30 CN CN2008100736486A patent/CN101305671B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1541531A (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-11-03 | 广西富新科技股份有限公司 | Root promoting agent suitable for camellia chrysantha burgeon cuttage |
| CN101124877A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2008-02-20 | 攸县林业局 | Growing seedlings method for oil-tea sprout with grafting container cup |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101822160A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2010-09-08 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method using tissue-subculture sprouts of oil-tea camellia to raise seedlings by grafting |
| CN106857136A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-06-20 | 广西桂人堂金花茶产业集团股份有限公司 | The trimming and finishing method of Camellia nitidissima |
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| CN101305671A (en) | 2008-11-19 |
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