CN110122211A - A kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation - Google Patents
A kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110122211A CN110122211A CN201910536576.2A CN201910536576A CN110122211A CN 110122211 A CN110122211 A CN 110122211A CN 201910536576 A CN201910536576 A CN 201910536576A CN 110122211 A CN110122211 A CN 110122211A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation, it includes selection of land and site preparation: selection karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region, height above sea level is in 600-700m, sandy soil of the gradient at 30-50 ° is organized into the plot along hillside fields contour in terrace-type linear；Seed selection and plantation: select cactus between twenty and fifty period and dragon fruit cauline leaf, without the disease-free Chinese prickly ash seedling of wound as seedling；Every single order earth steps are planted into two row crops, cactus outside, including dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash inter-planting；Liquid manure application: being watered with moisture when plantation, growth period soil moisture content supplies moisture when being lower than 40%；Field management: it is periodically filled the gaps with seedlings, weeding, trimming and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；Harvesting；It solves Karst Rocky Desertification Region and administers main turf plant or one-sided economy plant, the problems such as the problems such as there are soil space utilization rate is low, and ecological recovery effect is poor, and Rocky Desertification Region household economy income is poor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stony desertification ecological management field more particularly to a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification plateau narrow valley regions
The method of cactus and dragon fruit, Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation.
Background technique
Rocky Desertification Region vegetation deterioration is serious, exposed bedrock, soil depletion, and similar desertification landscape is presented in earth's surface.According to
" the Karst Regions of China Rocky Desertification bulletin " of the State Administration of Forestry in 2018 and the publication of grassland office, ends China's noise made in coughing or vomiting in 2016
This special 10,070,000 hectares of area of stony desertification, accounts for the 22.3% of karst area, is related to eight, southwest Yunnan-Guizhou Chongqing of Sichuan etc. provinces and cities,
Due to being located in the important water system upstream such as the Changjiang river, Zhujiang River, southwestern Rocky Desertification Region ecology coupling is particularly significant；Must further it carry out
Territory greening action promotes desertification, stony desertification, comprehensive management by water and soil.
Karst Rocky Desertification Region microhabitat multiplicity, barren soil, the prior art are administered for Karst Rocky Desertification Region
Main turf plant or one-sided economy plant, there are soil space utilization rate is low, ecological recovery effect is poor, Rocky Desertification Region peasant household
The problems such as economic well-being of workers and staff is poor.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration
The method of plantation, to solve Karst Rocky Desertification Region microhabitat multiplicity, barren soil, the prior art is directed to Karst Rocky Desertification
Main turf plant or one-sided economy plant are administered in area, and there are soil space utilization rate is low, ecological recovery effect is poor, stony desertification
The problems such as regional household economy income is poor.
The technical scheme is that:
A kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation, it includes:
Step 1, selection of land and site preparation: selection karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region, height above sea level exist in 600-700m, the gradient
30-50 ° of sandy soil is organized into the plot along hillside fields contour in terrace-type linear using bare rock site preparation；
Step 2, seed selection and plantation: cactus and dragon fruit cauline leaf of the selection between twenty and fifty period, the Chinese prickly ash seedling disease-free without wound
As seedling；Every single order earth steps are planted into two row crops, cactus outside, including dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash inter-planting；
Step 3, liquid manure application: being watered with moisture when plantation, growth period soil moisture content supplies moisture when being lower than 40%；
Step 4, field management: it is periodically filled the gaps with seedlings, weeding, trimming and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 5, harvesting.
Karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region is selected described in step 1, height above sea level is in 600-700m, and the gradient is at 30-50 °
Sandy soil, using bare rock site preparation, be organized into along hillside fields contour in terrace-type linear plot method are as follows: choosing
Select karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region, height above sea level 600-700m, 30-50 ° of the gradient, the sunny, chiltern that has drained
Hillside fields is made into the earth steps of 1-1.5m wide, 0.6-0.8m high using bare rock site preparation by soil, the plantation plot edge after site preparation
Hillside fields contour is in terrace-type linear.
Every single order earth steps are planted into two row crops described in step 2, cactus outside, the side including dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash inter-planting
Method are as follows: every single order earth steps plant two row crops, and cactus outside, plants spacing 120-150cm, is implanted between dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash
Interior, two plants of cactus centers of kind plant hole face, implantation time is the 2-5 month, original soil earthing 10cm after plantation.
The application of liquid manure described in step 3, when plantation, are watered with moisture, and growth period soil moisture content supplies moisture when being lower than 40%
Method are as follows: as base fertilizer, fertilizer placement is to plant in plant hole, subsequent to chase after for application compound fertilizer when plantation cactus, dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash
Fertilizer 3 times, fertilizer placement are within the scope of ground plant root 30cm, and first time topdressing is after planting in 20-30 days, and application is by hair
Secondary additional fertilizer is carried out after the free of contamination farmyard manure of ferment, with first time topdressing interval January and imposes compound fertilizer, and then rainy season in July advances
Row third time top dressing, each top dressing is all additional to three kinds of plants, should be irrigated in 7-10 days without rainwater after top dressing.
Field management described in step 4 includes:
It fills the gaps with seedlings: after plantation in 5-10 days, pulling out the seedling for necrosis of drying up, reseeded accordingly；
Weeding: it is artificial to remove weeds four times, first time weeding is carried out with site preparation when site preparation is planted, before imposing farmyard manure for the first time
Second of weeding is carried out, third time weeding before third time top dressing carries out the 4th weeding when harvesting prickly pear；
Trimming, trims dragon fruit leaf in May, and when trimming leaves the young leaves 1-2 piece grown up, by the young leaves of surrounding and
Sagging old leaf all trims, when dragon fruit it is long to 1.5m high when carry out pinching；Chinese prickly ash is repaired while harvesting Chinese prickly ash
It cuts, all cuts the Chinese prickly ash withe for growth of extending around at 10-20cm being done according to major branch, height is in 0.9- after Chinese prickly ash is built
Between 1.5m, the trimming of cactus is trimmed at any time；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: corresponding biological pesticide is selected according to pest and disease damage type.
The method of harvesting described in step 5 are as follows: May the Cactus Flower to ground of withering and falling carry out picking up receipts, the 7-9 month harvest blade profile
Symmetrically, the full cactus leaf in blade face, when prickly pear maturation in October, harvest；The 6-7 month harvests dragon fruit；The 7-8 month uses scissors
Harvest Chinese prickly ash ripening fruits.
The medicine have the advantages that
It is drought-enduring, happiness heat, the plant for liking sand soil that the present invention, which selects cactus, dragon fruit, Chinese prickly ash, and adaptability and resistance are strong,
It is the excellent industrial crops that ecology, economic benefit are had both in Rocky Desertification Control.Cactus is that Cactaceae Opuntia is perennial
Grow thickly meat shrub, polysaccharide, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin and flavonoids rich in, polyphenolic plant chemistry element at
Point, flowers and fruits leaf is edible also pharmaceutically acceptable, and Compendium of Material Medica records that its is lightly seasoned, and it is cold in nature, there is the promoting flow of qi and blood circulation, clearing heat and detoxicating, peace
Make profits urine, invigorating the spleen to arrest diarrhea the effect of；Dragon fruit is that Cactaceae hylocereus belongs to perennial climbing up by holding on to property plant, and fruit is rich in albumen
Matter, blue and white element, carbohydrate, crude fibre, mineral element and natural pigment abundant, nutritive value is higher, meanwhile, dragon fruit
Also there is good dietary function, it can lowering blood pressure and blood fat, interpretation, beauty treatment improving eyesight；Chinese prickly ash is Rutaceae xanthoxylum, Chinese prickly ash fruit
It is important daily flavouring in fact, fruit blade root etc. can be used for medicinal purpose, alkaloid rich in, brass class, protein, lignin
Etc. a variety of medicinal ingredients, there is cough-relieving, antipruritic, desinsection and other effects
The advantage of the invention is that it is reasonable with making Rocky Desertification Control have both economy and ecological benefits, it is characterized in particular in:
1, improve soil space utilization efficiency: a variety of Rocky Desertification Region adaptability industrial crops configuration plantations effectively increase vertical
The soil space utilization efficiency in direction and horizontal direction, maximizes the productivity effect of limited soil space.
2, output brings higher income to multi-product simultaneously: intersection single cropping mode, this configuration technology is identical
The plot of size provides Cactus Flower, fruit, blade, and a variety of agricultural product such as dragon fruit, Chinese prickly ash increase Household income source, mention
High economic benefit enriches household's behavior strategy.
3, the plantation of adaptability species has the ecological benefits that prevent erosion: hillside fields site preparation, plantation cactus, dragon fruit,
The drought-enduring adaptability industrial crops such as Chinese prickly ash make full use of REGIONAL RESOURCES SUPERIORITY, increase Rocky Desertification Region vegetation coverage, enhance earth's surface
The adhesive force of soil, effectively prevents soil erosion, has good ecological benefits.
Prior art Karst Rocky Desertification Region microhabitat multiplicity, barren soil are efficiently solved, the prior art is directed to noise made in coughing or vomiting
Main turf plant or one-sided economy plant are administered in this special Rocky Desertification Region, there are soil space utilization rate is low, ecological recovery effect
The problems such as the problems such as fruit is poor, and Rocky Desertification Region household economy income is poor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the plot lines schematic diagram after site preparation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is present invention plantation schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment:
Below with reference to example, the present invention is described in more detail:
(1) selection of land and site preparation: selection karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region, height above sea level 600-700m, 30-50 ° of the gradient, sun
Light is sufficient, drains preferable sandy soil.Site preparation: making full use of a large amount of bare rocks in Rocky Desertification Region, incites somebody to action in selection of land stone
The earth steps at 1-1.5m wide, 0.6-0.8m high are built in hillside fields, and according to landform and microhabitat, a field 1-1.2m wide is arranged in every 30-50m
Between road (Fig. 1).The microhabitat of the more thicker soils of surface soil is included in earth steps as far as possible when site preparation, as plantation plot.
When site preparation other than building stone accumulation stone dam, landform ground is not intervened excessively in principle, holding planting site as far as possible is primary
Vegetation, soil and other environment reduce earth's surface artificial disturbance.Plantation plot after site preparation is along hillside fields contour in terrace-type lines
Shape, staged soil can slow down terrestrial erosion and the loss of water and nutrient, and the advantage of aggregation is supported with water, and soil fertilizer can be improved
Power.
(2) seed selection and plantation:
1. seed selection: selection blade profile is full, and stem meat is plump, free from insect pests, undamaged cactus and flue between twenty and fifty period
Stem end leaf is as seedling, and cactus leaf requires blade face bilateral symmetry, and page length-width ratio is between 0.2-0.3；The requirement of dragon fruit leaf
Length is between 30-60cm；Selection is without wound, disease-free, and root system plant is flourishing, and four sides branch is abundant, and leaf is dense, grows fine
Chinese prickly ash seedling.
2. plantation: two rows, a behavior cactus, another behavior dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash are divided in each step plantation earth steps plantation cave
Between plant, implantation time be the 2-5 month (Fig. 2).For cactus using cave-shaped slotting skewer plantation, the seam for having soil on stone dam is set at plantation acupuncture point
Gap, spacing 120-150cm, in the 2-5 month, with whole with kind when site preparation, 1 cactus blade is planted in every cave, and original soil is used after plantation
Earthing is carried out, earthing is above the ground level 10cm or so；It is planted between dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash, is located at two plants of cactus centers and retreats 50-70cm
Place, i.e., in every two plants of cactus spacing, interval plantation dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash.It the dragon fruit implantation time 3-5 month, is planted using pillar
Training method, by depth 5cm or so in dragon fruit seedling insertion soil at away from column with cultivations of flower or grass 10-20cm distance, every column with cultivations of flower or grass cultivates 3-5
Strain；The Chinese prickly ash implantation time 4-5 month, using heatable adobe sleeping platform method for planting, heatable adobe sleeping platform neglect greatly layer of ground soil thickness and cover degree it is flexible depending on, kind
Earthing is carried out using original soil after plant, earthing is above the ground level 10cm or so.The well sold and in short supply Rocky Desertification Region of soil resource, this three kinds of adaptability
Crop field, which is rationally planted, effectively increases the horizontal and vertical utilization efficiency spatially in soil, and maximizes the production of space soil
Benefit.
(3) liquid manure is applied: moisture is watered with when plantation, growth period soil moisture content supplies moisture when being lower than 40% in time.Plantation
Compound fertilizer is applied when cactus, dragon fruit, Chinese prickly ash as base fertilizer, fertilizer placement is in kind of plant hole.Manuring late 3 times, position of applying fertilizer
It is set within the scope of the 30cm of ground plant root, first time topdressing in 20-30 days, is applied through the free of contamination agriculture of everfermentation after planting
Family's fertilizer imposes compound fertilizer with secondary additional fertilizer is carried out after the January of first time topdressing interval, third time top dressing was then carried out before rainy season in July.
Each top dressing is all additional to three kinds of plants, should be irrigated in 7-10 days without rainwater after top dressing, be kept the skin wet for plant, and fertilizer is promoted
Material dissolution.It timely applies fertilizers scientifically for four times and can promote plant physiology growth with water, obtain crop in each growth cycle
Sufficient water and nutrient guarantee.
(4) field management:
1. filling the gaps with seedlings: after plantation in 5-10 days, pulling out that growth is poor, dry up downright bad seedling, is reseeded accordingly, reseeds seedling mark
It is quasi- consistent with first plantation.Reasonable space configuration and efficient land utilization efficiency can be ensured by filling the gaps with seedlings in time, be conducive to high yield.
2. weeding: it is artificial to remove weeds four times, first time weeding is carried out with site preparation when site preparation is planted, spring imposes for the first time
Carry out second of weeding before farmyard manure, third time weeding before third time top dressing in July, hereafter harvesting in October prickly pear when into
The 4th weeding of row.Weeding effectively avoids weeds before applying fertilizer and crop fights for nutrient, ensures that crop obtains sufficient water and nutrient.
3. trimming: being trimmed in May to dragon fruit leaf, when trimming leaves the young leaves 1-2 piece grown up, by surrounding
Young leaves and sagging old leaf all trim, when dragon fruit it is long to 1.5m high when carry out pinching, promote branch；It harvests and spends in August
Chinese prickly ash is trimmed while green pepper, all cuts the Chinese prickly ash withe for growth of extending around at 10-20cm being done according to major branch,
Height between 0.9-1.5m, trimmed at any time depending on plant strain growth shape, but is followed and stayed by the trimming of cactus after Chinese prickly ash is built
Height goes the principle of surrounding.Trimming can reduce the loss waste of crop water nutrient, coordinate limited water and nutrient in plant part kind
Nutrient balance, enhance crop disease-resistant worm, drought-resistant ability is conducive to the stabilization and quality-improving of yield.
4. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: selecting corresponding biological agriculture according to the common disease and pest type of cactus, dragon fruit, Chinese prickly ash
Medicine.
(5) harvest: in May, the date of fine no rain carries out the Cactus Flower on ground of withering and falling to pick up receipts, harvests the 7-9 month
Blade profile is symmetrical, the full cactus leaf in blade face, and when prickly pear maturation in October harvests；Harvest dragon fruit, while tight control the 6-7 month
Weeds processed avoid the nutrient and water competition of weeds and dragon fruit；Harvest Chinese prickly ash ripening fruits the 7-8 month, when harvesting uses scissors
The blade of every cluster Pericarpium Zanthoxyli fruit is harvested together, is placed in prevent fruit from addling in ventilated pack basket, after adopting back in
Sunning air-dries under natural conditions.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation, it includes:
Step 1, selection of land and site preparation: selection karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region, height above sea level exist in 600-700m, the gradient
30-50 ° of sandy soil is organized into the plot along hillside fields contour in terrace-type linear using bare rock site preparation；
Step 2, seed selection and plantation: cactus and dragon fruit cauline leaf of the selection between twenty and fifty period, the Chinese prickly ash seedling disease-free without wound
As seedling；Every single order earth steps are planted into two row crops, cactus outside, including dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash inter-planting；
Step 3, liquid manure application: being watered with moisture when plantation, growth period soil moisture content supplies moisture when being lower than 40%；
Step 4, field management: it is periodically filled the gaps with seedlings, weeding, trimming and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Step 5, harvesting.
2. a kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: selecting karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region described in step 1, height above sea level is in 600-700m, and the gradient is in 30-
50 ° of sandy soil is organized into the method along hillside fields contour in the plot of terrace-type linear using bare rock site preparation
Are as follows: selection karst moderate stony desertification plateau narrow valley region, height above sea level 600-700m are 30-50 ° of the gradient, sunny, drained
Hillside fields is made into the earth steps of 1-1.5m wide, 0.6-0.8m high, the planting site after site preparation using bare rock site preparation by sandy soil
Block is in terrace-type linear along hillside fields contour.
3. a kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: every single order earth steps are planted two row crops described in step 2, cactus outside, including dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash inter-planting
Method are as follows: every single order earth steps plant two row crops, and cactus outside, plants spacing 120-150cm, dragon fruit and Chinese prickly ash inter-planting
Inside, two plants of cactus centers of kind plant hole face, implantation time are the 2-5 month, original soil earthing 10cm after plantation.
4. a kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: liquid manure described in step 3 is applied, when plantation, is watered with moisture, and growth period soil moisture content supplies moisture when being lower than 40%
Method are as follows: plantation cactus, dragon fruit and application compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer when Chinese prickly ash, fertilizer placement is to plant in plant hole, subsequent
Top dressing 3 times, fertilizer placement is within the scope of ground plant root 30cm, and first time topdressing after planting in 20-30 days, pass through by application
Ferment free of contamination farmyard manure, compound fertilizer is imposed with secondary additional fertilizer is carried out after the January of first time topdressing interval, then before rainy season in July
Third time top dressing is carried out, each top dressing is all additional to three kinds of plants, should be irrigated in 7-10 days without rainwater after top dressing.
5. a kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: field management described in step 4 includes:
It fills the gaps with seedlings: after plantation in 5-10 days, pulling out the seedling for necrosis of drying up, reseeded accordingly；
Weeding: it is artificial to remove weeds four times, first time weeding is carried out with site preparation when site preparation is planted, before imposing farmyard manure for the first time
Second of weeding is carried out, third time weeding before third time top dressing carries out the 4th weeding when harvesting prickly pear；
Trimming, trims dragon fruit leaf in May, and when trimming leaves the young leaves 1-2 piece grown up, by the young leaves of surrounding and
Sagging old leaf all trims, when dragon fruit it is long to 1.5m high when carry out pinching；Chinese prickly ash is repaired while harvesting Chinese prickly ash
It cuts, all cuts the Chinese prickly ash withe for growth of extending around at 10-20cm being done according to major branch, height is in 0.9- after Chinese prickly ash is built
Between 1.5m, the trimming of cactus is trimmed at any time；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: corresponding biological pesticide is selected according to pest and disease damage type.
6. a kind of method of Karst Rocky Desertification Region cactus dragon fruit Chinese prickly ash configuration plantation according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: the method for harvesting described in step 5 are as follows: May the Cactus Flower to ground of withering and falling carry out picking up receipts, harvest the 7-9 month
Blade profile is symmetrical, the full cactus leaf in blade face, and when prickly pear maturation in October harvests；The 6-7 month harvests dragon fruit；The 7-8 month uses
Scissors harvests Chinese prickly ash ripening fruits.
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| CN110915348A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-27 | 昆明学院 | Ecological restoration method for stony desertification mountains |
| CN112042486A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-12-08 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | Three-dimensional intercropping and interplanting method for pitaya |
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