CN105794458A - Method for planting pitaya in karst stony mountain areas - Google Patents
Method for planting pitaya in karst stony mountain areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN105794458A CN105794458A CN201610166724.2A CN201610166724A CN105794458A CN 105794458 A CN105794458 A CN 105794458A CN 201610166724 A CN201610166724 A CN 201610166724A CN 105794458 A CN105794458 A CN 105794458A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting pitaya in karst stony mountain areas. A double drip irrigation pipe and trellis type water and fertilizer integrated planting method is adopted, the modes of water retention and temperature retention layer laying, automatic watering and all-year thin fertilizer frequent applying of organic water-soluble fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer are adopted, the defects that the mountain areas are shallow in soil layer, low in soil fertility and poor in water retention capacity are overcome, and pitaya which is full in appearance, good in taste and high in yield is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods of Hylocereus undatus.
Background technology
Karst landform, is the general name that solublerock carries out earth's surface that corrosion etc. formed and underground form of the water with corrosion power, also known as lava landforms.The feature of karst is that soil layer is thin, and containing a large amount of rocks in soil layer, it is poor that soil layer contains outlet capacity.Owing to natural vegetation is constantly destroyed for a long time, large-area abrupt slope is opened up wasteland for agricultural production, owing to mountain area soil fertility is weak, crop yield is relatively low, in order to increase yield, uses a large amount of chemical fertilizer, cause soil compaction, crops, cause Rocky Desertification.Rocky Desertification is the great ecological problem of restriction Southwestern China karst sustainable development, is also one difficulty shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity of local farmers.How to utilize Karst Regions In Southwest China mountain land to carry out agricultural production, help hill farmer to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity by planting cultivation, be government and the study hotspot of agricultural science and technology worker.
Hylocereus undatus Classification system HylocereusundulatusBritt., has another name called Dragon Lord fruit, Hylocereus undatus, originates in the torrid zone, Central America desert area such as Brazil, Mexico.Dragon fruit pulp contains abundant vegetable protein, anthocyanidin, vitamin and water-soluble cellulose, is a kind of good fruit of health-care effect, is deeply liked by consumer.Particularly red heart Hylocereus undatus, pulp colour is aglow, rich in carotene and the anthocyanidin of free radical resisting, more by the favor in market.Hylocereus undatus fruit tree has an aerial root, impoverishment tolerant, drought-enduring, addicted to calcium, be the fruit that has a high potential of mountain development.In recent years, under the support of government policy, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou mountain area greatly develop Hylocereus undatus plantation, owing to mountain area soil layer is shallow, water-holding capacity is poor, causes that Hylocereus undatus growth cycle is long, and fruit height is little, the Hylocereus undatus that cannot go out with level land kind in appearance matches in excellence or beauty, and price is not only low, also more difficult sells.
The application of water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation technique, makes to plant out colory Hylocereus undatus in Mountainous Area and is possibly realized.Lu Shuhua, Li Xiankun etc. the application [J] in Southwest Guangxi Karst Mountain Hylocereus undatus produces of the fertigation technology. southern china fruit tree .2010, report in 39 (6): each row Hylocereus undatus adopts a drip irrigation pipe, each Hylocereus undatus column with cultivations of flower or grass installs two water droppers, within every 15 days, execute carbamide and potassium nitrate, compare than general planting method, fertigation method Hylocereus undatus output increased 67.2%.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that it is an object of the invention to openly mountain area shallow at soil layer, Rocky Desertification Region plantation Hylocereus undatus, by the method for the present invention, Hylocereus undatus can be made to plant then in mountain area, yield positive results then, shorten Hylocereus undatus growth cycle, and Hylocereus undatus head is big, the Hylocereus undatus that exterior quality can go out with level land kind matches in excellence or beauty.
The solution of the present invention is as follows:
In the shallow mountain area of soil layer, Rocky Desertification Region plantation Hylocereus undatus, adopt water-fertilizer integral planting technology, by automation control system Hylocereus undatus watered and apply fertilizer so that it is root is in moisture and all sufficient environment growth of nutrient.
The construction of Hylocereus undatus shelf: Hylocereus undatus plantation adopts trellis type planting type (being similar to the trellis type implantation methods of Fructus Vitis viniferae), spacing 4m～5m, line-spacing 1.8m～2m.
Hylocereus undatus is planted: select red heart Hylocereus undatus kind seedling, 3～April transplants, owing to often there is bare rock on earth's surface, mountain area, fruit Seedling spacing is not fixed, and spacing is 30cm～40cm, excavate the degree of depth kind plant hole no less than 10cm, putting into fertilizer and the mixture of table soil, put into Hylocereus undatus fruit Seedling, a bamboo cane is inserted on fruit Seedling side, with rope, fruit Seedling being tied up in bamboo cane, bamboo cane upper end rope is tied up on the steel wire rope of hedge frame.Hylocereus undatus fruit Seedling is laid a slice width 10cm, the thick coconut palm bran of 1～2cm, rice husk, edible fungi residue or plant's fermentation bed garbage, plays the effect of water conservation, insulation.
The installation of water-fertilizer integral system: water-fertilizer integral system is by pond, water pump, filtration system, wireless control terminal, sensor, fertilizer dissolving tank, PVC feed pipe, drip irrigation pipe, and various accessory composition, their mounting means is referred to related agricultural and irrigates books, the Chinese invention patent of its operation principle such as the applicant application: water-fertilizer integral precision management system, number of patent application: shown in ZL201310711818.X.Often row Hylocereus undatus fruit tree adopts two drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation pipe is laid on fruit tree both sides, described drip irrigation pipe is pressure compensated drip pipe, embedded water dropper, dripper spacing 30cm～50cm, dripping end flow is that (mountain area retention capacity of soil is poor for 0.6L/h～1.0L/h, dripping end flow can not be too big, otherwise waste irrigation water), in the mountain region that maximum height drop is 40 meters, this drip irrigation pipe can ensure that the water flow of each water dropper is consistent, ensure that every Hylocereus undatus obtains water and fertile amount is identical, every Hylocereus undatus fruit tree growth shape is made substantially to keep consistent, reduce production management's cost.
The water-fertilizer integral management of Hylocereus undatus: mountain area soil fertility is weak, water holding capacity is poor, in order to ensure Hylocereus undatus yield and quality, need to keep crop root to be in moisture and the environment of nutrient all abundances, way is to place a humidity sensor at Hylocereus undatus subterranean root, when humidity sensor detects the humidity of root surrounding lower than 20%, automatically start water pump, water to Hylocereus undatus.Owing to Hylocereus undatus is the crop that can yield positive results the whole year, fertilising should carry out the whole year, within every 5 days, use an organic water-soluble fertilizer, use 1.5kg/ mu every time, described organic water-soluble fertilizer: boracic 1.5g/L, manganese 1.0g/L, magnesium 1.5g/L, zinc 1.5g/L, molybdenum 0.06g/L, biochemical humic acid 100g/L, organic 200g/L, aminoacids complex 50g/L, uses with drip irrigation simultaneously of watering after diluting 500-600 times；Within every three days, using once inorganic Water soluble fertilizer, every mu of consumption is: potassium chloride 0.55kg, carbamide 0.2kg, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.17kg.
Pruning and blooming period management: the pruning of mountain area Hylocereus undatus is identical with level land Cultivate administration method with blooming period management, mountain area walking inconvenience, in order to reduce production cost, can.
The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: the preventing and treating of Hylocereus undatus pest and disease damage is referred to the method for level land plantation preventing and treating, in order to highlight the characteristic of mountain area Hylocereus undatus, avoid adopting organic agricultural chemicals, use the inorganic pesticide such as lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, both can prevention and elimination of disease and pests, the element such as sulfur, copper, calcium can be supplemented for fruit tree again.Adopting trap lamp and Yellow sticky trap to prevent and treat fruit bat, the moth pests, every mu uses the insect-sticking plate of 40～60 20cm*25cm specifications, 10 trap lamps.
Cold-proof frost protection: when temperature is lower than 10 DEG C, covers transparent agricultural film on hedge frame, can play the effect of frost protection, anti-cold damage.
Hylocereus undatus is gathered: when Hylocereus undatus peel is transferred to redness by green is more than half it is necessary to gather, and gathers and wants in time, to avoid grabbing almost ripe fruit the nutrient of immature fruit, affect the growth of immature fruit.
Mountain area Hylocereus undatus adopts the water-fertilizer integral planting technology of the present invention, by the method that thin fertile duty is executed, in the way of organic water-soluble fertilizer and inorganic Water soluble fertilizer are alternately used, the root making Hylocereus undatus has been at water and the growing environment of nutrient all abundances, Hylocereus undatus can be planted then 3～April, yielding positive results then, the per mu yield in the coming year, more than 2000kg, enters high yield period ahead of time.Compared with the Hylocereus undatus that the level land kind that soil is deep goes out, as broad as long in appearance.In mouthfeel, identical kind, the Hylocereus undatus sugariness that rocky mountainous area kind goes out is sweeter, and the Hylocereus undatus that the soluble solid level land kind deeper than soil goes out is high.Reason is that rocky mountainous area day and night temperature is big, and Hylocereus undatus aerobic respiration at night intensity is weak, and metabolism is slow, and the nutrient of consumption is few, is conducive to sugar and other organic accumulation.
Compared with conventional water-fertilizer integral planting technology, advantages of the present invention has:
1. adopt trellis type planting method, easy construction, and be conducive to dragon fruit bough sagging, promote the accumulation of nutrient, promote Blooming result.Hedge shelf structure is also convenient to be covered and dismounting agricultural film.
2. Hylocereus undatus fruit Seedling adopts the mode covering lid layer water conservation, heat-insulation layer, it is to avoid aerial root is dried up by burning sun in mountain areas, it is possible to reduces moisture evaporation, keeps soil moisture, promotes Hylocereus undatus root growth.
3. the organic water-soluble fertilizer adopted contains various aminoacid chelating microelement, and Hylocereus undatus is high to the absorbance of trace element, improves the various enzymatic activity of Hylocereus undatus, promotes that plant strain growth is vigorous, enters the best fruiting period in advance.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following example are the restrictions of the preferred version of the present invention rather than the present invention.
Embodiment
Setting up of shelf: according to spacing 4m～5m on mountain region, the specification piling of line-spacing 1.8m～2m, imbed cross, it is together in series between cross with steel wire rope, makes the form of hedge frame, connect with iron staff between cross two-arm, form an arc, make such shape, conveniently cover agricultural film.
Fruit is planted by seed: excavate the degree of depth no less than 10cm's every 30cm～40cm under hedge frame, the radius kind plant hole no less than 5cm, put into the mixture backfill of 50% fertilizer and 50% table soil, put into the fruit Seedling of red heart Hylocereus undatus kind, a bamboo cane is inserted on side, with rope, Hylocereus undatus being tied up in bamboo cane, bamboo cane top is tied up on steel wire rope up, climbs on steel wire rope along bamboo cane after making Hylocereus undatus.At one layer of Seedling upper berth of Hylocereus undatus fruit good permeability, warming, the coconut palm bran of water conservation, rice husk, edible fungi residue or plant's fermentation bed garbage, it is of low nutritive value, the wooden bran not recruiting worm is used as, the width laid is about 10cm, thickness 1cm～2cm is both economical, with good conditionsi lays thicker.Often row's Hylocereus undatus lays two drip irrigation pipe, and drip irrigation pipe adopts dripnetPC Series Pressure compensating drip irrigation tube, and dripper spacing 30cm, dripping end flow is 1.0L/h.
Water, fertile management: the employing full-automation of watering and apply fertilizer of Hylocereus undatus, a humidity sensor is put at Hylocereus undatus subterranean root, when humidity sensor detects the humidity of root surrounding lower than 20%, automatically water pump is started, water to Hylocereus undatus, when humidity humidity is more than 40%, it is automatically switched off water pump.Hylocereus undatus almost can be bloomed the whole year, result, therefore, within every 5 days, use an organic water-soluble fertilizer, use 1.5kg/ mu every time, described organic water-soluble fertilizer: boracic 1.5g/L, manganese 1.0g/L, magnesium 1.5g/L, zinc 1.5g/L, molybdenum 0.06g/L, biochemical humic acid 100g/L, organic 200g/L, aminoacids complex 50g/L, uses with drip irrigation simultaneously of watering after diluting 500-600 times；Within every three days, using once inorganic Water soluble fertilizer, every mu of consumption is: potassium chloride 0.55kg, carbamide 0.2kg, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.17kg.
Pruning and blooming period management: the pinching as dragon fruit bough long 1.2m～1.3m, promote branch, and every is stayed four branches, and rod is on different steel wire ropes respectively in branch, and human assistance is sagging, promotes the accumulation of nutrient so that it is yield positive results ahead of time.When young fruit length to 2cm～3cm, every is stayed the fruit that 2 outward appearances are best, all the other whole fruit thinnings.
The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: pest and disease damage is relied mainly on prevention, downright bad branch is wiped out in time, and such high-temperature high humidity season is not easy to infect mycete, and high-temperature high humidity season can spray lime sulfur and Bordeaux mixture in advance, both can prevention and elimination of disease and pests, the element such as sulfur, copper, calcium can be supplemented for fruit tree again.April～August, fruit bat, the moth pests multiple phase, every mu of Yellow sticky trap using 40～60 20cm*25cm specifications and 10 trap lamp insect-killing trappings, also can placing a fizzy detergent solution of basin (putting into about 10 grams of detergent in 2 liters of water) under trap lamp, insect-killing trapping effect is clearly.
Cold-proof frost protection: when temperature is lower than 10 DEG C, covers transparent agricultural film on hedge frame, can play the effect of frost protection, anti-cold damage.
Hylocereus undatus is gathered: Hylocereus undatus about monthly can be gathered once, when Hylocereus undatus peel is transferred to redness by green is more than half it is necessary to gather, gathers and wants in time, to avoid grabbing almost ripe fruit the nutrient of immature fruit, affect the growth of immature fruit.
Adopt with the aforedescribed process, in Mountainous Area, Wuming, Nanning, plantation mid-March then, begin with Hylocereus undatus results November, per mu yield then is more than 100kg, and Second Year yield, more than 2000kg, enters high yield period in advance.Fruit size is more than 500g, outward appearance uniform coloring, and pulp colour is purplish red, and smooth in taste, sugariness be big, with delicate fragrance.
Although rocky mountainous area soil layer is thin, water retention is poor, but as long as adopting water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation technique, adopts the fertilizing method that organic water-soluble fertilizer and the thin fertile duty of inorganic Water soluble fertilizer are executed, the Hylocereus undatus that the Hylocereus undatus quality planted out goes out not second to the level land kind of fertile soil.Mountainous Area day and night temperature is big, is more beneficial for sarcocarp sugar and organic accumulation, sarcocarp and fruit coloration are better, and therefore, as long as water, fertilizer manage proper, the Hylocereus undatus quality planted out is better.It is feasible that the Hylocereus undatus of high-quality is planted out in rocky mountainous area, and planting Hylocereus undatus in mountain area is the good project that vast mountain area common people shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity.
Claims (7)
1. Karst stony mountain areas plantation Hylocereus undatus method, is adopt the Integration of Water into Fertilizer implantation methods, it is characterised in that Hylocereus undatus cultivation adopts trellis type；One layer of water conservation, heat-insulation layer are laid in Hylocereus undatus fruit tree earth's surface, and often row's Hylocereus undatus lays two drip irrigation pipe；The mode that the thin fertile duty of employing automatization, organic water-soluble fertilizer and inorganic Water soluble fertilizer of watering and apply fertilizer is executed；The preventing and treating of pest and disease damage adopts nuisanceless mode.
2. Karst stony mountain areas according to claim 1 plantation Hylocereus undatus method, it is characterised in that described trellis type, spacing 4m～5m, line-spacing 1.8m～2m.
3. Karst stony mountain areas according to claim 1 plantation Hylocereus undatus method, it is characterised in that described water conservation, heat-insulation layer are wide 10cm, and thickness is the coconut palm bran of 1cm～2cm, rice husk, edible fungi residue or plant's fermentation bed garbage.
4. Karst stony mountain areas according to claim 1 plantation Hylocereus undatus method, it is characterised in that described drip irrigation pipe is pressure compensated drip pipe, dripper spacing 30cm～50cm, and dripping end flow is 0.6L/h～1.0L/h.
5. Karst stony mountain areas according to claim 1 plantation Hylocereus undatus method, it is characterized in that, the described employing automated method that waters and apply fertilizer is when humidity sensor detects the humidity of root surrounding lower than 20%, automatically water pump is started, when humidity humidity is more than 40%, it is automatically switched off water pump.
6. Karst stony mountain areas according to claim 1 plantation Hylocereus undatus method, it is characterized in that, the mode that described organic water-soluble fertilizer and the thin fertile duty of inorganic Water soluble fertilizer are executed is: fertilising carries out the whole year, within every 5 days, use an organic water-soluble fertilizer, use 1.5kg/ mu every time, described organic water-soluble fertilizer: boracic 1.5g/L, manganese 1.0g/L, magnesium 1.5g/L, zinc 1.5g/L, molybdenum 0.06g/L, biochemical humic acid 100g/L, organic 200g/L, aminoacids complex 50g/L, uses with drip irrigation simultaneously of watering after diluting 500-600 times；Within every three days, using once inorganic Water soluble fertilizer, every mu of consumption is: potassium chloride 0.55kg, carbamide 0.2kg, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 0.17kg.
7. Karst stony mountain areas according to claim 1 plantation Hylocereus undatus method, it is characterized in that, the preventing and treating nuisanceless method of employing of described pest and disease damage is: high-temperature high humidity season sprays lime sulfur and Bordeaux mixture, April～August, fruit bat, the moth pests multiple phase, every mu of Yellow sticky trap using 40～60 20cm*25cm specifications and 10 trap lamp insect-killing trappings, place a fizzy washing powder solution of basin under trap lamp.
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| CN106489589A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-15 | 博白县大红火龙果专业合作社 | A kind of fertilizer bag of Karst Mountain Areas plantation Hylocereus undatuss and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109105177A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-01 | 广西铭和农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of bilayer dragon fruit implantation methods |
| CN109456115A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-03-12 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | The fertilizing method of dragon fruit |
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| CN109105177A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-01 | 广西铭和农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of bilayer dragon fruit implantation methods |
| CN109456115A (en) * | 2018-12-31 | 2019-03-12 | 广西佳年农业有限公司 | The fertilizing method of dragon fruit |
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Application publication date: 20160727 |