CN109006251A - A kind of cultural method preventing dragon fruit dehiscent fruit - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method preventing dragon fruit dehiscent fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006251A CN109006251A CN201810921500.7A CN201810921500A CN109006251A CN 109006251 A CN109006251 A CN 109006251A CN 201810921500 A CN201810921500 A CN 201810921500A CN 109006251 A CN109006251 A CN 109006251A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of cultural methods for preventing dragon fruit dehiscent fruit comprising fertilising modification method and water consumpation management method；The fertilising modification method includes base manure application and top dressing management, and base manure application is to carry out after dragon fruit last batch of fruit receives fruit, away from application base manure main root 25-30cm at；The top dressing management includes the last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence and dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management；The water consumpation management method includes water management and fruit expanding period water management before fruit expanding period.Using technical solution of the present invention, by optimizing the fertilizer application formula of different dragon fruit growth phases, and the water consumpation management of different stages of growth is combined, improve the yield of dragon fruit, reduce the Cracking fruit of dragon fruit, improve economic well-being of workers and staff.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the planting technology field of crops more particularly to a kind of cultural methods for preventing dragon fruit dehiscent fruit.
Background technique
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undulatus Britt) rich in the nutriments such as potassium, anthocyanin, vitamin C it is deep by
People like that current China's dragon fruit planting scale constantly expands, and In Guangzhou Area total cultivated area is about up to 1.3 ten thousand hectares of Guangxi
Cultivated area is about 0.8 ten thousand hectares, and Guizhou is also close to 0.65 ten thousand hectares.With the expansion of planting scale, flue orchard soil battalion
Feeding problem increasingly highlights, by soil nutrient it is unbalanced caused by per unit area yield is low, high quality fruit ratio is few, physiological disease the problems such as also increasingly
Seriously, the serious sound development for restricting China's dragon fruit industry of problem in these productions.Studies have reported that in dragon fruit fruit
5 d are left after 2 d or maturation easily occurs before dehiscent fruit phenomenon, especially fruit maturation in real Later growth (annesl to fructescence)
Right dehiscent fruit has seriously affected the presentation quality and commodity value of flue fruits, not only reduces it and plants economic benefit, also to fruit
Garden pollutes.
Currently carry out a large amount of research work for dragon fruit introducing and planting etc., in the nursery of dragon fruit,
Orchard Construction, fruit processing etc. achieves important breakthrough, and to area plantation after newfound dehiscent fruit problem grind
Study carefully also fewer.The problems such as dragon fruit dehiscent fruit is a kind of physiological disease nutrition nutritional deficiency problem and produces upper mismanagement is caused comprehensive
Combination of syndromes disease.Dehiscent fruit is found on different fruit trees, directly affects the quality and yield of dragon fruit.
Summary of the invention
Against the above technical problems, the invention discloses a kind of cultural method for preventing dragon fruit dehiscent fruit, for causing fire
The reason of imperial fruit dehiscent fruit, optimizes the fertilizing method improvement of dragon fruit, water consumpation management method etc., significantly reduces fire
The Cracking fruit of imperial fruit.
In this regard, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
It is a kind of to prevent dragon fruit dehiscent fruit cultural method comprising including fertilising modification method and water consumpation management method；
Wherein, the fertilising modification method includes base manure application and top dressing management, and the base manure application is dragon fruit last batch of
Fruit carries out after receiving fruit, away from application base manure at main root 25-30cm；
The top dressing management includes the last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence and dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management, the fire
Apply fertilizer in imperial fruit florescence the last fortnight top dressing management the nutrient expected according to 0.460-0.840kg/ mus of N content, P content with
P2O5It is calculated as 0.2-0.4kg/ mus, K content is with K2O be calculated as kg/ mus of 0.63-1.20,0.024 ~ 0.073kg/ mus of Ca content,
Kg/ mus of micronutrient levels 0.02-0.05 are administered；Apply fertilizer material in the dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management
Nutrient is according to 0.460-0.840kg/ mus of N content, P content with P2O5It is calculated as 0.2-0.4kg/ mus, K content is with K2O is calculated
It is administered for kg/ mus of 0.8-1.4,0.030 ~ 0.090kg/ mus of Ca content, kg/ mus of micronutrient levels 0.02-0.05；Its
In, microelement includes the nutrients such as boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper.
The water consumpation management method includes water management and fruit expanding period water management before fruit expanding period, trickle irrigation
Band is 15cm-20cm at a distance from dragon fruit plant root；Before the fruit expanding period when water management, soil moisture content is kept
The 60 ~ 65% of water capacity；When the fruit expanding period water management, soil moisture content be maintained at water capacity 55 ~
60%。
Preferably, the top dressing management includes the last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence and dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing
It manages, the nutrient for the material that applies fertilizer in dragon fruit florescence the last fortnight top dressing management is according to 1.0-1.8kg/ mus of urea, phosphorus
0.4-0.8kg/ mus of acid dihydride potassium, kg/ mus of potassium sulfate 0.8-1.5,0.1-0.3kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, microelement 0.02-0.05
Kg/ mus are administered；The nutrient expected is applied fertilizer according to urea 1.0- in the dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management
1.8kg/ mus, 0.4-0.8kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, kg/ mus of potassium sulfate 0.8-1.5,0.1-0.3kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, micro member
Plain 0.02-0.05 kg/ mus.Wherein, the fertilizer of N, P, K, Ca content is not limited to urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, nitre
Sour calcium etc..
By the study found that physiology dehiscent fruit is considered as the unbalance liquid manure supply of trunk infusion imbalance and fruit growth pair mostly
Liquid manure demand forms powerful contrast and causes, and human intervention can be used in production to coordinate fruit different growing stages to the need of liquid manure
It asks, to control dehiscent fruit.Using technical solution of the present invention, according to dragon fruit different times to water and fertile requirement, supplement
The nutrition that dragon fruit lacks, rationally controls liquid manure, is effectively reduced the generation of dehiscent fruit.
As a further improvement of the present invention, it when base manure is applied, away from ditching at dragon fruit main root 25-30cm, presses per acre
Base manure is applied with peanut press pulp organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg, 18~26kg of calcium superphosphate, 7 ~ 8kg of potassium sulfate.
As a further improvement of the present invention, dragon fruit florescence the last fortnight top dressing management and dragon fruit fruit expanding period
Top dressing management is 3-5 by liquid manure mode fertigation, the fertigation number of dragon fruit florescence the last fortnight top dressing management
Secondary/moon.
As a further improvement of the present invention, dragon fruit florescence the last fortnight top dressing management and dragon fruit fruit expanding period
When top dressing manages, water content is 99.4-99.8% in the liquid manure of fertigation, remaining is the object containing soluble nutrient
Matter.
As a further improvement of the present invention, it when dragon fruit florescence the last fortnight top dressing manages, is added again in fertilising
Drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, and dosage is 0.2-0.6kg/ mus；When the dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing manages, added again in fertilising
Drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers, and dosage is 0.1-0.3kg/ mus.
As a further improvement of the present invention, when water consumpation manages, every row fruit tree puts two drip irrigation zones.
As a further improvement of the present invention, water management before the fruit expanding period is planting nursery stock extremely in dragon fruit
Stem bar growth period, day irrigation quantity are 20-40mm/d；It pinches in stem bar to side stem growth period, day irrigation quantity is 60mm/d；
In side, stem item was buddingged to the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, and day irrigation quantity is 30-70 mm/d.
As a further improvement of the present invention, before the fruit expanding period when water management, dragon fruit is planting nursery stock extremely
Stem bar growth period, all stage frequency of irrigation are at 5-7 times；It pinches in stem bar to side stem growth period, frequency of irrigation is
4-6 times；In side, stem item was buddingged to the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, and frequency of irrigation is 7-9 times.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the fruit expanding period water management, in Fruit to fructescence,
Day, irrigation quantity was 20-36mm/d, and all stage frequency of irrigation is 7-10 times, stops pouring water if rainy, and drain ponding.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the fruit expanding period water management deepens ridge irrigation and drainage ditch, makes irrigation and drainage ditch-water
Position is distributed 3 ~ 6cm of water level line lower than plant main root, and when dragon fruit fruit expanding period, irrigation and drainage ditch both ends are opened, and has ponding just to drain.
More specifically, the fertilising, which improves, includes:
(1) base manure is applied: after dragon fruit last batch of fruit receives fruit, wide 20cm, depth 15cm ditch is opened at away from main root 25-30cm, is pressed
Base manure is used sufficient with peanut press pulp organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg, 18~26kg of calcium superphosphate, 7 ~ 8kg of potassium sulfate per acre；
(2) top dressing:
The last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence: calcareous fertilisers are imposed and pass through liquid manure mode trickle irrigation.Fertigation number is the 3-5 times/moon,
Depending on dragon fruit growth year and plant growth condition, fertigation material component by weight fraction ratio once component group
At moisture content 99.4-99.8%, soluble nutrient 0.2-0.6%, soluble nutrient includes following portion rate: urea
1.0-1.8kg/ mus, it is 0.4-0.8kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, kg/ mus of potassium sulfate 0.8-1.5,0.1-0.3kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, micro-
Kg/ mus of secondary element 0.02-0.05；According to orchard dehiscent fruit degree, additional drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.2- again during dripping fertilizer
0.6kg/ mus.
Dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management: imposing mode i.e. by liquid manure mode trickle irrigation, fertigation material component by
The component composition of weight fraction ratio once, moisture content 99.4-99.8%, soluble nutrient 0.2-0.6%, soluble nutrient
Including following portion rate: 1.0-1.8kg/ mus of urea, 0.4-0.8kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, kg/ mus of potassium sulfate 0.8-1.5, nitre
Sour calcium 0.1-0.3kg/ mus, kg/ mus of microelement 0.02-0.05；According to orchard dehiscent fruit degree during fruit expanding period,
When fertigation, then additional drop applies 0.1-0.3kg/ mus of nitric acid calcareous fertilisers.
Further, water consumpation management includes:
(1) water management before fruit expanding period；
1. controlling drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will be apart from dragon fruit plant root 15cm-20cm in order to avoid the direct mistake of root system
Amount water suction causes dehiscent fruit, and every row fruit tree puts two drip irrigation zones.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
The 60% of water capacity.Controlled and required according to soil diversity different times dragon fruit day irrigation quantity: dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock
To stem bar growth period, irrigation quantity is controlled in 20-40mm/d；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled 60
mm /d；Side stem item is buddingged to phase of bearing fruit day irrigation quantity 30-70 mm/d of blooming.
3. irrigation period controls: different times dragon fruit water demand is variant, and dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock to stem bar
Growth period, all stage frequency of irrigation are controlled at 5-7 times；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled at 4-6 times；
Side stem item, which is buddingged, bears fruit the control of phase frequency of irrigation at 7-9 times to blooming.
(2) fruit expanding period water management
1. controlling drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will be apart from dragon fruit plant root 15cm-20cm in order to avoid root system is excessively inhaled
Water causes dehiscent fruit.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
In the 55-60% of water capacity, strict control irrigation period, principle of pouring water is a small amount of, more fillings.Fruit is to fruit maturation
The control of phase irrigation quantity is controlled in 20-36mm, frequency of irrigation at 7-10 times or so；Stop pouring water if rainy, and drains as early as possible
Ponding.
3. dragon fruit fruit expanding period encounters heavy rain will carry out draining as early as possible, ponding between ridge is drained.
4. deepening ridge irrigation and drainage ditch, make irrigation and drainage ditch water level lower than plant main root distribution water level line 5cm or so, flue fruits are swollen
When the big phase, irrigation and drainage ditch both ends are opened, and one has ponding that can drain immediately.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
Using technical solution of the present invention, by optimizing the fertilizer application formula of different dragon fruit growth phases, and different growths are combined
The water consumpation management in stage, improves the yield of dragon fruit, reduces the Cracking fruit of dragon fruit, improves economic well-being of workers and staff.
Specific embodiment
Preferably embodiment of the invention is described in further detail below.
Embodiment 1
The dehiscent fruit prevention method of dragon fruit described in the present embodiment is as follows: in conjunction with fertilizer practice and water management method.
1. fertilizer practice improves:
Soil is surveyed as a result, applying fertilizer to dragon fruit dehiscent fruit orchard according to orchard soil.
(1) base manure is applied: after dragon fruit last batch of fruit receives fruit, wide 20cm, depth 15cm are opened at away from main root 25-30cm
Ditch, by using sufficient base manure with peanut press pulp organic fertilizer 1700kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, potassium sulfate 8kg per acre；
(2) top dressing:
The last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence: calcareous fertilisers are imposed and pass through liquid manure mode trickle irrigation.Fertigation number is the 3-5 times/moon,
Depending on dragon fruit growth year and plant growth condition, fertigation material component by weight fraction ratio once component group
At moisture content 99.7%, soluble nutrient 0.3%, soluble nutrient includes following portion rate: 1.8kg/ mus of urea, phosphorus
0.8kg/ mus of acid dihydride potassium, 1.5 kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.3kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, 0.05 kg/ mus of microelement；It is split according to orchard
Additional drop applies 0.6kg/ mus of nitric acid calcareous fertilisers to fruit degree again during dripping fertilizer.
Dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management: imposing mode i.e. by liquid manure mode trickle irrigation, fertigation material component by
The component composition of weight fraction ratio once, moisture content 99.8%, soluble nutrient 0.2%, soluble nutrient includes following
Portion rate: 1.8kg/ mus of urea, 0.8kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.3kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, micro member
0.05 kg/ mus of element；According to orchard dehiscent fruit degree during fruit expanding period, when fertigation, then additional drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers
0.6kg/ mus.
2. combining water consumpation management:
(1) water management before fruit expanding period；
1. controlling drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will be apart from dragon fruit plant root 15cm in order to avoid root system directly excessively absorbs water
Cause dehiscent fruit, every row fruit tree puts two drip irrigation zones.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
The 65% of water capacity.Controlled and required according to soil diversity different times dragon fruit day irrigation quantity: dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock
To stem bar growth period, irrigation quantity is controlled in 35mm/d；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled in 60mm/d；
Side stem item is buddingged to phase of bearing fruit day 45 mm of irrigation quantity of blooming；
3. irrigation period controls: different times dragon fruit water demand is variant, and dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock to main Stem growth
Phase, frequency of irrigation are controlled at 5 times；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled at 4 times；Side stem item is buddingged to blooming
Phase frequency of irrigation of bearing fruit is controlled at 7 times；
(2) fruit expanding period water management
1. control drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will apart from dragon fruit plant root 15cm in case root system excessively water suction is drawn
Play dehiscent fruit.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
The 60% of water capacity, strict control irrigation period, principle of pouring water is a small amount of, more fillings.Fruit to fructescence fills
Water control is controlled in 24mm, frequency of irrigation at 10 times；Stop pouring water if rainy, and drains ponding as early as possible.
3. dragon fruit fruit expanding period encounters heavy rain will carry out draining as early as possible, ponding between ridge is drained.
4. deepening ridge irrigation and drainage ditch, irrigation and drainage ditch water level is made to be distributed water level line 5cm, dragon fruit fruit expanding period lower than plant main root
When, irrigation and drainage ditch both ends are opened, and one has ponding that can drain immediately.
In implantation methods described in the present embodiment, dragon fruit average yield per mu 2012kg, dragon fruit Cracking fruit decline 74.3%.
Embodiment 2
The dehiscent fruit prevention method of dragon fruit described in the present embodiment is as follows: in conjunction with fertilizer practice and water management method.
1. fertilizer practice improves:
Soil is surveyed as a result, applying fertilizer to dragon fruit dehiscent fruit orchard according to orchard soil.
(1) base manure is applied: after dragon fruit last batch of fruit receives fruit, wide 20cm, depth 15cm are opened at away from main root 25-30cm
Ditch, by using sufficient base manure with peanut press pulp organic fertilizer 1500kg, calcium superphosphate 26kg, potassium sulfate 7kg per acre；
(2) top dressing:
The last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence: calcareous fertilisers are imposed and pass through liquid manure mode trickle irrigation.Fertigation number is the 3-5 times/moon,
Depending on dragon fruit growth year and plant growth condition, fertigation material component by weight fraction ratio once component group
At moisture content 99.4%, soluble nutrient 0.6%, soluble nutrient includes following portion rate: 1.0kg/ mus of urea, phosphorus
0.4kg/ mus of acid dihydride potassium, 0.8 kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.1kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, 0.02 kg/ mus of microelement；It is split according to orchard
Additional drop applies 0.2kg/ mus of nitric acid calcareous fertilisers to fruit degree again during dripping fertilizer.
Dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management: imposing mode i.e. by liquid manure mode trickle irrigation, fertigation material component by
The component composition of weight fraction ratio once, moisture content 99.8%, soluble nutrient 0.2%, soluble nutrient includes following
Portion rate: 1.0/ mu of urea, 0.4kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.1kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, microelement
0.02 kg/ mus；According to orchard dehiscent fruit degree during fruit expanding period, when fertigation, then additional drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers
0.1kg/ mus.
2. combining water consumpation management:
(1) water management before fruit expanding period；
1. controlling drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will be apart from dragon fruit plant root 20cm, in order to avoid root system is directly excessively inhaled
Water causes dehiscent fruit, and every row fruit tree puts two drip irrigation zones.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
The 60% of water capacity.Controlled and required according to soil diversity different times dragon fruit day irrigation quantity: dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock
To stem bar growth period, irrigation quantity is controlled in 20mm/d；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled in 60mm/d；
Side stem item is buddingged to phase of bearing fruit day 30 mm/d of irrigation quantity of blooming.
3. irrigation period controls: different times dragon fruit water demand is variant, and dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock to stem bar
Growth period, frequency of irrigation are controlled at 7 times；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled at 6 times；Side stem item budding to
It blooms and bears fruit the control of phase frequency of irrigation at 9 times or so.
(2) fruit expanding period water management
1. controlling drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will draw apart from dragon fruit plant root 20cm in order to avoid root system excessively absorbs water
Play dehiscent fruit.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
The 55% of water capacity, strict control irrigation period, principle of pouring water is a small amount of, more fillings.Fruit to fructescence fills
Water control is controlled in 36mm/d, frequency of irrigation at 10 times；Stop pouring water if rainy, and drains ponding as early as possible.
3. dragon fruit fruit expanding period encounters heavy rain will carry out draining as early as possible, ponding between ridge is drained.
4. deepening ridge irrigation and drainage ditch, make irrigation and drainage ditch water level lower than plant main root distribution water level line 5cm or so, flue fruits are swollen
When the big phase, irrigation and drainage ditch both ends are opened, and one has ponding that can drain immediately.
In implantation methods described in the present embodiment, dragon fruit average yield per mu 1980kg, dragon fruit Cracking fruit decline 87.6%.
Embodiment 3
The dehiscent fruit prevention method of dragon fruit described in the present embodiment is as follows: in conjunction with fertilizer practice and water management method.
1. fertilizer practice improves:
Soil is surveyed as a result, applying fertilizer to dragon fruit dehiscent fruit orchard according to orchard soil.
(1) base manure is applied: after dragon fruit last batch of fruit receives fruit, wide 20cm, depth 15cm are opened at away from main root 25-30cm
Ditch, by using sufficient base manure with peanut press pulp organic fertilizer 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 18kg, potassium sulfate 7kg per acre；
(2) top dressing:
The last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence: calcareous fertilisers are imposed and pass through liquid manure mode trickle irrigation.Fertigation number is the 3-5 times/moon,
Depending on dragon fruit growth year and plant growth condition, fertigation material component by weight fraction ratio once component group
At moisture content 99.8%, soluble nutrient 0.2%, soluble nutrient includes following portion rate: 1.4kg/ mus of urea, phosphorus
0.6kg/ mus of acid dihydride potassium, 1.2kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.25kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, 0.04 kg/ mus of microelement；It is split according to orchard
Additional drop applies 0.4kg/ mus of nitric acid calcareous fertilisers to fruit degree again during dripping fertilizer.
Dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management: imposing mode i.e. by liquid manure mode trickle irrigation, fertigation material component by
The component composition of weight fraction ratio once, moisture content 99.4%, soluble nutrient 0.6%, soluble nutrient includes following
Portion rate: 1.5/ mu of urea, 0.6kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.25kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, microelement
0.04 kg/ mus；According to orchard dehiscent fruit degree during fruit expanding period, when fertigation, then additional drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers
0.2kg/ mus.
2. combining water consumpation management:
(1) water management before fruit expanding period；
1. controlling drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will be apart from dragon fruit plant root 17cm, in order to avoid root system is directly excessively inhaled
Water causes dehiscent fruit, and every row fruit tree puts two drip irrigation zones.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
62% or so of water capacity.Controlled and required according to soil diversity different times dragon fruit day irrigation quantity: dragon fruit is being planted
Nursery stock to stem bar growth period, irrigation quantity is controlled in 40mm/d；Stem bar, which is pinched to the control of side stem growth period irrigation quantity, to exist
60mm/d；Side stem item is buddingged to phase of bearing fruit day 70 mm/d of irrigation quantity of blooming.
3. irrigation period controls: different times dragon fruit water demand is variant, and dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock to stem bar
Growth period, frequency of irrigation are controlled at 7 times；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled at 6 times；Side stem item budding to
It blooms and bears fruit the control of phase frequency of irrigation at 8 times；
(2) fruit expanding period water management
1. control drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will apart from dragon fruit plant root 17cm in case root system excessively water suction is drawn
Play dehiscent fruit.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
The 57% of water capacity, strict control irrigation period, principle of pouring water is a small amount of, more fillings.Fruit to fructescence fills
Water control is controlled in 20mm, frequency of irrigation at 8 times；Stop pouring water if rainy, and drains ponding as early as possible.
3. dragon fruit fruit expanding period encounters heavy rain will carry out draining as early as possible, ponding between ridge is drained.
4. deepening ridge irrigation and drainage ditch, make irrigation and drainage ditch water level lower than plant main root distribution water level line 5cm or so, flue fruits are swollen
When the big phase, irrigation and drainage ditch both ends are opened, and one has ponding that can drain immediately.
In implantation methods described in the present embodiment, dragon fruit average yield per mu 1910kg, dragon fruit Cracking fruit decline 88.1%.
Comparative example 1
The dehiscent fruit implantation methods of dragon fruit described in the present embodiment, specifically include following content:
1. fertilizer practice improves:
Soil is surveyed as a result, applying fertilizer to dragon fruit dehiscent fruit orchard according to orchard soil.
(1) base manure is applied: after dragon fruit last batch of fruit receives fruit, wide 20cm, depth 15cm are opened at away from main root 25-30cm
Ditch, by using sufficient base manure with peanut press pulp organic fertilizer 1700kg, calcium superphosphate 20kg, potassium sulfate 8kg per acre；
(2) top dressing:
The last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence: calcareous fertilisers are imposed and pass through liquid manure mode trickle irrigation.Fertigation number is the 3-5 times/moon,
Depending on dragon fruit growth year and plant growth condition, fertigation material component by weight fraction ratio once component group
At moisture content 99.7%, soluble nutrient 0.3%, soluble nutrient includes following portion rate: 1.8kg/ mus of urea, phosphorus
0.8kg/ mus of acid dihydride potassium, 1.5 kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.3kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, 0.05 kg/ mus of microelement；It is split according to orchard
Additional drop applies 0.6kg/ mus of nitric acid calcareous fertilisers to fruit degree again during dripping fertilizer.
Dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management: imposing mode i.e. by liquid manure mode trickle irrigation, fertigation material component by
The component composition of weight fraction ratio once, moisture content 99.8%, soluble nutrient 0.2%, soluble nutrient includes following
Portion rate: 1.8kg/ mus of urea, 0.8kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 kg/ mus of potassium sulfate, 0.3kg/ mus of calcium nitrate, micro member
0.05 kg/ mus of element；According to orchard dehiscent fruit degree during fruit expanding period, when fertigation, then additional drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers
0.6kg/ mus.
(3) dragon fruit water management is with the implementation of peasant's Routine Management method.
In implantation methods described in the present embodiment, dragon fruit average yield per mu 1840kg, dragon fruit Cracking fruit decline 33.20%.
Comparative example 2
The dehiscent fruit prevention method of dragon fruit described in the present embodiment is as follows:
1. dragon fruit fertilizing method is often implemented with fertilizing method with orchard worker.
2. water consumpation management:
(1) water management before fruit expanding period；
1. controlling drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will be apart from dragon fruit plant root 20cm in order to avoid root system directly excessively absorbs water
Cause dehiscent fruit, every row fruit tree puts two drip irrigation zones.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
60% or so of water capacity.Controlled and required according to soil diversity different times dragon fruit day irrigation quantity: dragon fruit is being planted
Nursery stock to stem bar growth period, irrigation quantity is controlled in 35mm/d；Stem bar, which is pinched to the control of side stem growth period irrigation quantity, to exist
60mm/d；Side stem item is buddingged to phase of bearing fruit day 45 mm of irrigation quantity of blooming；
3. irrigation period controls: different times dragon fruit water demand is variant, and dragon fruit is in plantation nursery stock to main Stem growth
Phase, frequency of irrigation are controlled at 5 times；Stem bar is pinched to side stem growth period irrigation quantity and is controlled at 4 times；Side stem item is buddingged to blooming
Phase frequency of irrigation of bearing fruit is controlled at 9 times or so；
(2) fruit expanding period water management
1. control drip irrigation zone and root system distance: drip irrigation zone will apart from dragon fruit plant root 20cm in case root system excessively water suction causes
Dehiscent fruit.
2. water controls: water management requires to protect depending on soil moisture, in dragon fruit fruit expanding period soil moisture content
The 55% of water capacity, strict control irrigation period, principle of pouring water is a small amount of, more fillings.Fruit to fructescence fills
Water control is controlled in 24mm, frequency of irrigation at 10 times；Stop pouring water if rainy, and drains ponding as early as possible.
3. dragon fruit fruit expanding period encounters heavy rain will carry out draining as early as possible, ponding between ridge is drained.
4. deepening ridge irrigation and drainage ditch, make irrigation and drainage ditch water level lower than plant main root distribution water level line 5cm or so, flue fruits are swollen
When the big phase, irrigation and drainage ditch both ends are opened, and one has ponding that can drain immediately.
In implantation methods described in the present embodiment, dragon fruit average yield per mu 1640kg, dragon fruit Cracking fruit decline 41.30%.
It is found by the comparison of embodiment 1 ~ 3 and comparative example 1 ~ 2, using technical solution of the present invention, improves dragon fruit
Yield, it is most important that, reduce dragon fruit Cracking fruit significantly, the dragon fruit Cracking fruit of embodiment 1 ~ 3 have dropped 70% with
On, it can achieve 87.6% and 88.1%, considerably beyond using the 33.2% and 41.3% of comparative example 1, have the effect of unexpected.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that
Specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, exist
Under the premise of not departing from present inventive concept, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for preventing dragon fruit dehiscent fruit, it is characterised in that: it include include fertilising modification method and field water
Divide management method；
Wherein, the fertilising modification method includes base manure application and top dressing management, and the base manure application is dragon fruit last batch of
Fruit is administered base manure after receiving fruit；The top dressing management includes the last fortnight top dressing management of dragon fruit florescence and dragon fruit Fruit
Phase top dressing management applies fertilizer the nutrient expected according to N content 0.460- in dragon fruit florescence the last fortnight top dressing management
0.840kg/ mus, P content is with P2O5It is calculated as 0.2-0.4kg/ mus, K content is with K2O is calculated as kg/ mus of 0.63-1.20, Ca contains
0.024 ~ 0.073kg/ mus, kg/ mus of micronutrient levels 0.02-0.05 of amount is administered；The dragon fruit fruit expanding period chases after
Fertilizer management in apply fertilizer expect nutrient according to 0.460-0.840kg/ mus of N content, P content with P2O5It is calculated as 0.2-
0.4kg/ mus, K content is with K2O is calculated as kg/ mus of 0.8-1.4,0.030 ~ 0.090kg/ mus of Ca content, micronutrient levels
Kg/ mus of 0.02-0.05 are administered；
The water consumpation management method includes water management and fruit expanding period water management before fruit expanding period, drip irrigation zone with
The distance of dragon fruit plant root is 15cm-20cm；Before the fruit expanding period when water management, soil moisture content is maintained at soil
The 60-65% of earth water-holding capacity；When the fruit expanding period water management, soil moisture content is maintained at the 55 ~ 60% of water capacity.
2. it is according to claim 1 prevention dragon fruit dehiscent fruit cultural method, it is characterised in that: base manure apply when, away from
It ditches at dragon fruit main root 25-30cm, by per acre with peanut press pulp organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg, 18~26kg of calcium superphosphate, sulfuric acid
7 ~ 8kg of potassium applies base manure.
3. the cultural method of prevention dragon fruit dehiscent fruit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: before the dragon fruit florescence
Top dressing management in two weeks and dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing management are by liquid manure mode fertigation, two before the dragon fruit florescence
The fertigation number of all top dressing management is the 3-5 times/moon.
4. the cultural method of prevention dragon fruit dehiscent fruit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: before the dragon fruit florescence
When top dressing management in two weeks and dragon fruit fruit expanding period top dressing manage, water content is 99.4- in the liquid manure of fertigation
99.8%, remaining is the substance containing soluble nutrient.
5. the cultural method of prevention dragon fruit dehiscent fruit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: before the dragon fruit florescence
When top dressing in two weeks manages, in fertilising, additional drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers again, and dosage is 0.2-0.6kg/ mus；The flue fruits are swollen
When big phase top dressing management, in fertilising, additional drop applies nitric acid calcareous fertilisers again, and dosage is 0.1-0.3kg/ mus.
6. preventing the cultural method of dragon fruit dehiscent fruit described in any one according to claim 1 ~ 5, it is characterised in that: field water
When being in charge of reason, every row fruit tree puts two drip irrigation zones.
7. preventing the cultural method of dragon fruit dehiscent fruit described in any one according to claim 1 ~ 5, it is characterised in that: the fruit
Water management before real expanding stage, in dragon fruit in plantation nursery stock to stem bar growth period, day irrigation quantity is 20-40mm/d；In master
Stem was pinched to side stem growth period, and day irrigation quantity is 60mm/d；In side, stem item was buddingged to the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, day irrigation quantity be
30-70 mm/d。
8. the cultural method of prevention dragon fruit dehiscent fruit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: before the fruit expanding period
When water management, for dragon fruit in plantation nursery stock to stem bar growth period, all stage frequency of irrigation is at 5-7 times；In stem bar
To side stem growth period, frequency of irrigation is 4-6 times for topping；In side, stem item was buddingged to the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, and frequency of irrigation is 7-9 times.
9. the cultural method of prevention dragon fruit dehiscent fruit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the fruit expanding period water
It is in charge of reason, in Fruit to fructescence, day irrigation quantity is 20-36mm/d, and all stage frequency of irrigation is 7-10 times, such as
Fruit rain then stops pouring water, and drains ponding.
10. the cultural method of prevention dragon fruit dehiscent fruit according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the fruit expanding period
Ridge irrigation and drainage ditch is deepened in water management, and irrigation and drainage ditch water level is made to be distributed 3 ~ 6cm of water level line, dragon fruit Fruit lower than plant main root
When the phase, irrigation and drainage ditch both ends are opened, and have ponding just to drain.
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