CN102358709B - Water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer special for winter wheat and application method for water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer special for winter wheat and application method for water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer special for winter wheat, and an application method for the water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer. The water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in part by weight: 40 to 50 parts of urea, 20 to 32 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 to 18 parts of potassium chloride, 6 to 12 parts of potassium humate, 1 to 2 parts of borax, 1 to 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of copper sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 to 1 part of manganese sulfate and 0.3to 0.5 part of amino acid. Water and fertilizer are supplied to wheat in a spray irrigation mode, a small amount of fertilizer is applied for multiple times, the fertilizer application amount, the irrigation amount and a water and fertilizer requirement rule of the winter wheat are basically matched, the continuous nutrient requirement of the winter wheat in a long growth period can be met, the ear rate is improved, and the obvious production and income increasing effect can be achieved. By the invention, boundaries of furrows and ridges in a field can be broken, and the land utilization rate is improved by over 5 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to incorporate special-purpose fertilizer of a kind of winter wheat liquid manure and application process thereof, belong to the agricultural fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
Wheat is one of main food crop of China, and its plantation spreads all over the whole nation.In China, wheat mainly contains winter wheat and spring wheat, and wherein winter wheat accounts for more than 90% of the total cultivated area of wheat in cultivated area, and its area and ultimate production all have the call.But winter wheat is longer breeding time, extremely gather in the crops 230-240 days the time that needs from sowing, in so long breeding time, wheat growth is subjected to weather, soil, fertilizer, the influence of irrigation and disease pest and weed is remarkable, wherein water and fertilizer are to influence the principal element that winter wheat yields is stable or improve in recent years, particularly in North China winter wheat district, this is the main winter wheat district of China, sown area accounts for more than 47% of China, gross output accounts for more than 53% of the whole nation, raising in this area's wheat yield potentiality is subjected to weather effect obvious, particularly condition of raining restriction, Fertilization Effect is subjected to the rainwater condition influence also can't give play to due effect, and fluctuation is arranged during wheat yield, and this is to influence the wheat planting area, the outstanding factor of peasant income and even national food safety.Under this background, the influence that brought by the water and fertilizer condition restriction Wheat Production reduces, and need explore the fertilising of suitable land for growing field crops wheat food crop and irrigate production system, and the liquid manure integrated technique solves the modern technique of the above-mentioned production problem of winter wheat just.
Winter wheat liquid manure is integrated to be one and will to apply fertilizer and irrigate in conjunction with the technology of carrying out, and is soluble in water and in the wheat fertilizing mode of water band fertilizer the quick-acting chemical fertilizer of solid.Generally in the field with chemical fertilizer dissolving and be mixed in the pond, be carrier with water, finished fertilising in the time of irrigation.Fertilizer nutrient penetrates in the soil with irrigation water, arrives the root table by modes such as matter stream, diffusion and root interceptions again, for crop absorbs.The core of this technology be with the quick-dissolving fertilizer of height by fertilizer applicator and water-solubleization, rich water to being laid in the field fine-spraying belt with holes (black flexible pipe), sprays rich water by the hole on the fine-spraying belt to wheatland by pipe-line transportation again.This technology has the main effect that water saving, joint are fertile, improve liquid manure efficient and wheat yield, is China's agricultural transition, economizes on resources and the important technique measure of the energy, Sustainable development.At present, this technology is mainly used in the arid and semi-arid area of the winter wheat major production areas, particularly northwest in the north, and the spring drought of North China weather condition short of rain also are the universal opportunity of having brought of this technology in recent years.Good cultivation condition has been created in growing of the critical period in spring that is applied as winter wheat of winter wheat liquid manure integrated technique, but the unreasonable application of this technology also can bring problems to production, for example: the liquid manure ratio when use in the field is unreasonable, too high or too low burning seedling that brings of concentration of fertilizer or nutrient be foot phenomenon not, the integrated special-purpose fertile nutrient proportioning of liquid manure is unreasonable, the dedicated fertilizer of required Different Nutrients is not provided according to winter wheat nutrient demand in spring rule, it is more outstanding that the obstruction of dedicated fertilizer goes out phenomenons such as head piece, we can say that fertilizer and use problem thereof are to influence the liquid manure integrated technique to use and common key issue on the winter wheat crop.And liquid manure integrated technique product is mainly used in the cash crop and facility cultivation in the southern fruit tree and the north in the existing national inventing patent, and majority is executed product for big flood dashes.For example CN101037369A discloses a kind of whole-nutrition biological flushing and spreading fertilizer, this product is widely used in the cash crop such as facilities vegetable, melon and fruit, tobacco, be suitable for big flood towards executing use, be then inapplicable in the liquid manure integrated technique of principal character with the microspray irrigation, and its also inapplicable land for growing field crops of nutrient proportioning wheat crop; CN102050648A discloses a kind of novel solid and has dashed fertilising, and this fertilizer also is a kind of big flood flushing and spreading fertilizer, and its nitrogen phosphorus potassium macroelement proportioning is not suitable for wheat growth in spring, and is unfavorable for the conserve water resource.Up to now, be applicable to that winter wheat winter-spring season growth can carry out the fertilizer specially for wheat and the using method thereof of " liquid manure is integrated " microspray irrigation technology and not appear in the newspapers as yet, this is disadvantageous to solving China's winter wheat producing region spring drought, shortage of water resources and the not high problems of utilization rate of fertilizer, also makes the universal bottleneck that exists on the product of winter wheat " liquid manure is integrated " technology.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides integrated special-purpose fertilizer of a kind of winter wheat liquid manure and application process thereof.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of winter wheat liquid manure is integrated special-purpose fertile, and parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
In the above raw material, it is 46.0%-46.3% that urea contains N, and diammonium phosphate contains N 18.0%-18.1%, P
2O
546.0%-46.2%, Repone K contains K
2O 60.0%-60.5%, potassium humate contain solubility humic acids 55.0%-55.6%, K
2O 10.0%-10.3% is mass percent.
All raw materials of the present invention are commercially available product.Above-mentioned raw materials is pulverized, crossed 80 mesh sieves, mix after taking by weighing by weight, packed, promptly.
Nourish and grow and two different stages of reproductive growth according to wheat, preferred, to the jointing later stage, the fertile A proportioning of the incorporate special use of winter wheat liquid manure parts by weight of raw materials is as follows behind wheat cultivation:
Preferably, the wheat jointing later stage to being in the milk mid-term, the fertile B proportioning of the incorporate special use of winter wheat liquid manure parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
It is further preferred,
To the jointing later stage, the fertile A proportioning of the integrated special use of winter wheat liquid manure parts by weight of raw materials is as follows behind wheat cultivation:
The wheat jointing later stage to being in the milk mid-term, the fertile B proportioning of the integrated special use of winter wheat liquid manure parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
The incorporate special-purpose fertile application process of winter wheat liquid manure of the present invention adopts the sprinkling irrigation mode to use, and step is as follows:
(1) in conjunction with the input of fertilizer before the wheat cultivation, behind wheat cultivation,, use the special-purpose fertile 28-45kg of amounting to of the present invention for every mu to the jointing later stage, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 4 times:
Behind the wheat cultivation to the stage of emerging for using for the first time, apply special-purpose fertile 9-14kg in conjunction with spraying; Carried out using the second time in 6-8 days before entering the phase of surviving the winter, apply special-purpose fertile 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green to the phase of standing up, and applied special-purpose fertile 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; Jointing early stage to the jointing later stage applies special-purpose fertile 9-15kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation;
(2) the wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term stage that is in the milk, use the special-purpose fertile 8-18kg of amounting to of the present invention for every mu, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 2 times:
Blooming stage the last week applies special-purpose fertile 4-10kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and a thoughtful grouting applies special-purpose fertile 4-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation mid-term after the flowering.
The described fertilizer of above step (1) is the assorted muck of farmers''s soil of 1500-2000kg/ mu or the commercial goods fertilizer of 100-150kg/ mu, applied once before whole ground.
Preferably, the incorporate special-purpose fertile application process of winter wheat liquid manure of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) in conjunction with the input of fertilizer before the wheat cultivation, behind wheat cultivation,, use special-purpose fertile A for every mu and amount to 30-40kg to the jointing later stage, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 4 times:
Behind the wheat cultivation to the stage of emerging for using for the first time, apply special-purpose fertile A 10-13kg in conjunction with spraying; Carried out using the second time in 6-8 days before entering the phase of surviving the winter, apply special-purpose fertile A 5-7kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green to the phase of standing up, and applied special-purpose fertile A 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; Jointing early stage to the jointing later stage applies special-purpose fertile A 10-12kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation;
(2) the wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term stage that is in the milk, use special-purpose fertile B for every mu and amount to 10-15kg, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 2 times:
Blooming stage the last week applies special-purpose fertile B 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and a thoughtful grouting applies special-purpose fertile B 5-7kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation mid-term behind the blooming stage.
The described fertilizer of above step (1) is the assorted muck of farmers''s soil of 1500-2000kg/ mu or the commercial goods fertilizer of 100-150kg/ mu, applied once before whole ground.
Further preferred, the water yield of at every turn carrying out the integrated sprinkling irrigation of liquid manure amounts to 18-25m
3, the special-purpose fertilizer that will at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume is no more than 20L, carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure when using according to following steps: the fs, select not contain the fertile moistening irrigation pipe of water the wheat of spraying for use; Subordinate phase is with the liquid fertile injection irrigation conduit after the dissolving, the fertigation of the mode of spraying; Phase III, do not clean irrigation system and pipeline with not containing fertile water, the sprinkling irrigation wheat.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. n-p-k element reasonable ratio in the fertilizer specially for wheat during liquid manure of the present invention is integrated meets the growth of wheat different steps to a large amount of nutrient demand, and has suitably added trace element, has reached the purpose of balance fertilizing.
2. carry out the mode of wheat liquid manure supply by the sprinkling irrigation mode, fertilizer efficiency is fast, the plant recovery of nutrient height.Special-purpose fertilizer can be sprayed onto on the blade face simultaneously, can make blade face rapid absorption nutrient, prevent that particularly young leaves lacks the phenomenon generation of trace element deficiency such as iron, manganese; After wheat changes generative growth phase over to, contain more potassium element in the special-purpose fertilizer, can significantly improve the wheat lodging tolerance.
3. contain a large amount of humic acidss and amino acid in the special-purpose fertilizer, can promote root system metabolism, improve activities of antioxidant enzymes, strengthen the wheat anti-adversity ability; And the later stage potassium humate sprays on the blade face, and the wheat water content transpiration rate is reduced, and makes blade keep higher water ratio, and plays the purpose of control hot dry wind.
4. by this liquid manure integral method operation, repeatedly apply fertilizer on a small quantity, the liquid manure demand rule of rate of fertilizer application, irrigation quantity and winter wheat mates substantially, can satisfy wheat long breeding time of interior lasting demand to nutrient, make field fringe layer neat and consistent, the percentage of earbearing tiller improves, and can reach the effect (volume increase 15%-30%) of remarkable increasing both production and income.This technology can be abolished the boundary of field furrow and field furrow, improves land utilization ratio more than 5%.
5. the use of this method can reach water saving (more conventional water-efficient irrigation 25%-50%), joint fertile (reducing fertilizer input 20% or more than the peasant habit fertilising), economizes the labor force, be convenient to operate the purpose of (women, old man all can operate).
6. this method can make soil surface loose; do not have and harden and crack phenomenon; volatilization loss (particularly ammonium attitude and amide nitrogen fertilizer), the dissolving of avoiding broadcast application to cause easily on the face of land is slow, fertilizer efficiency is brought into play slow problem; not only save nitrogenous fertilizer but also help environment protection, also be unlikely to produce surface runoff and deep subsoil seepage.Opened up new planting type in water-deficient area and spring drought time.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is further specified, but the present invention is not limited only to following examples.If no special instructions, the amount of raw material is weight part.Raw material among each embodiment is conventional commercially available, dries in case of necessity, makes raw material moisture not be higher than 15wt%.Wherein, it is 46% that urea contains N, and diammonium phosphate contains N18%, P
2O
546%, Repone K contains K
2O60%, potassium humate contain solubility humic acids 55%, K
2O10% is mass percent, and all the other are the pure chemistry raw material, and commercially available product gets final product.
Embodiment 1
The fertile A of the incorporate special use of a kind of winter wheat liquid manure is mainly used in wheat from after planting carry out the nutrient input of sprinkler irrigation fertilization to the jointing later stage.Its proportioning parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
42 parts in urea, 28 parts of diammonium phosphate, 14 parts in Repone K, 10 parts of potassium humates, 1.5 parts of boraxs, 2 parts in zinc sulfate, 0.7 part in copper sulfate, 0.8 part in ferrous sulfate, 0.7 part of manganous sulfate, 0.3 part in amino acid.
The above-mentioned raw materials finished product is pulverized, and whole mistake 80 mesh sieves are pulverulent solids, and are packed after mixing, and promptly get the fertile A of the incorporate special use of winter wheat liquid manure.This fertilizer specially for wheat is adapted at using to the mode with sprinkler irrigation fertilization between the jointing stage after wheat is broadcast, and application process is as follows:
Input in conjunction with fertilizer before the wheat cultivation, behind wheat cultivation to the jointing later stage, use above-mentioned fertilizer specially for wheat A30-40kg for every mu, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 4 times: behind the wheat cultivation to the stage of emerging for using for the first time, apply special-purpose fertile A 10-13kg in conjunction with spraying; Carried out using the second time in 6-8 days before entering the phase of surviving the winter, apply special-purpose fertile A 5-7kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green to the phase of standing up, and applied special-purpose fertile A 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; Jointing early stage to the jointing later stage applies special-purpose fertile A 10-12kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation;
The described fertilizer of above step (1) is the assorted muck of farmers''s soil of 1500-2000kg/ mu or the commercial goods fertilizer of 100-150kg/ mu, applied once before whole ground.
The special-purpose fertilizer that at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume after the dissolving is 20L, before the special-purpose fertile injection irrigation pipe after the dissolving, earlier with the moistening irrigation pipe of clear water, the liquid fertile irrigation conduit that injects after will dissolving again, the fertigation of the mode of spraying, irrigation system and pipeline are not cleaned with not containing fertile water in the liquid fertile back of having injected.
Embodiment 2
The fertile B1 of the incorporate special use of a kind of winter wheat liquid manure is mainly used in the nutrient input of wheat from carrying out sprinkler irrigation fertilization mid-term to being in the milk after the booting.Its proportioning parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
49 parts in urea, 20 parts of diammonium phosphate, 17 parts in Repone K, 8 parts of potassium humates, 1.8 parts of boraxs, 1.2 parts in zinc sulfate, 0.9 part in copper sulfate, 0.6 part in ferrous sulfate, 1 part of manganous sulfate, 0.5 part in amino acid.
The above-mentioned raw materials finished product is pulverized, crossed 80 mesh sieves, be pulverulent solids, mix after taking by weighing by weight, packed, promptly get the fertile B1 of the incorporate special use of winter wheat liquid manure.
This fertilizer specially for wheat fertilizer is adapted at using in the mode of sprinkler irrigation fertilization wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term of being in the milk.Application process is as follows:
The wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term stage that is in the milk, use the above-mentioned fertilizer specially for wheat B 10-15kg of the present invention for every mu, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 2 times; Blooming stage the last week applies special-purpose fertile B 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and a thoughtful grouting applies special-purpose fertile B 5-7kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation mid-term behind the blooming stage.
The special-purpose fertilizer that at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume after the dissolving is 20L, before the special-purpose fertile injection irrigation pipe after the dissolving, earlier with the moistening irrigation pipe of clear water, the liquid fertile irrigation conduit that injects after will dissolving again, the fertigation of the mode of spraying, irrigation system and pipeline are not cleaned with not containing fertile water in the liquid fertile back of having injected.
Embodiment 3
The fertile B2 of the incorporate special use of a kind of winter wheat liquid manure, its proportioning parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
47 parts in urea, 22 parts of diammonium phosphate, 18 parts in Repone K, 7 parts of potassium humates, 2 parts of boraxs, 1.1 parts in zinc sulfate, 1 part in copper sulfate, 0.7 part in ferrous sulfate, 0.8 part of manganous sulfate, 0.4 part in amino acid.
The above-mentioned raw materials finished product is pulverized, and whole mistake 80 mesh sieves are pulverulent solids, and are packed after mixing, and promptly get the fertile B2 of the incorporate special use of wheat liquid manure.
This fertilizer specially for wheat fertilizer is adapted at using in the mode of sprinkler irrigation fertilization wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term of being in the milk.Application process is as follows:
The wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term stage that is in the milk, use the above-mentioned fertilizer specially for wheat B 10-15kg of the present invention for every mu, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 2 times; Blooming stage the last week applies special-purpose fertile B 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and a thoughtful grouting applies special-purpose fertile B 5-7kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation mid-term behind the blooming stage.
The special-purpose fertilizer that at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume after the dissolving is 20L, before the special-purpose fertile injection irrigation pipe after the dissolving, earlier with the moistening irrigation pipe of clear water, the liquid fertile irrigation conduit that injects after will dissolving again, the fertigation of the mode of spraying, irrigation system and pipeline are not cleaned with not containing fertile water in the liquid fertile back of having injected.
Embodiment 4: the land for growing field crops application test
Test site: Weifang City, Shandong Province
Test kind: Jimai 22
Test period: year June in October, 2009 to 2011 (two seasons)
Reference examples: peasant habit fertilising+traditional irrigation is handled.Peasant habit fertilising consumption is: use the muck 1500kg of farmers' for every mu, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 50kg (15-15-15) composite fertilizer+spread fertilizer over the fields 15kg urea after turning green before the sowing, and traditional irrigation is for covering a water 60m
3+ water the 60m of turning green
3+ grouting water 50m
3, irrigation method is big furrow flood irrigation.
Comparative Examples: fertilizer specially for wheat A among usefulness embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 and B1 are in conjunction with the integrated facility of sprinkling irrigation liquid manure, and application process is as follows:
In conjunction with the input (every mu is dropped into the muck 1500kg of farmers', applied once before whole ground) of fertilizer before the wheat cultivation, behind wheat cultivation, the fertilizer specially for wheat A 12kg of every mu of administrations embodiment 1, the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 20m
3, entering preceding 6 days of the phase of surviving the winter carries out using the second time, applies special-purpose fertile A 6kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 18m
3, a week applied special-purpose fertile A 5kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation after 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green, sprinkling irrigation water yield 18m
3, combination sprinkling irrigation in 10 days applied special-purpose fertile A 12kg after wheat began the jointing stage, and this water yield of spraying is 20m
3In the wheat flowering preceding 7 days, use special-purpose fertile B1 6kg for every mu in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 22m
3, applying special-purpose fertile B1 5kg to the mid-term of being in the milk in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation in 15 days after the flowering, the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 17m
3All carry out 6 integrated operations of liquid manure altogether.
The special-purpose fertilizer that at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume after the dissolving is 20L, before the special-purpose fertile injection irrigation pipe after the dissolving, earlier with the moistening irrigation pipe of clear water, the liquid fertile irrigation conduit that injects after will dissolving again, the fertigation of the mode of spraying, irrigation system and pipeline are not cleaned with not containing fertile water in the liquid fertile back of having injected.
For preventing that factor affecting such as weather from causing system deviation, test was carried out 2 years continuously in same plot, and the general data contrast sees Table 1:
Use the integrated fertilizer specially for wheat of liquid manure of the present invention and, can significantly reduce by every mu of special-purpose fertile input, save pure nutrient 8.0kg, save fertile rate and reach 27.2% for every mu than the peasant habit operation in conjunction with the sprinkling irrigation application process; But whole growing water saving 55m
3, than peasant habit water saving 32.4%; Wheat grain two annuals volume increase 28.5%, obvious effect of increasing production.
The fertilising of table 1 peasant habit is poured water and integrated liquid manure consumption of liquid manure of the present invention and wheat yield contrast
Embodiment 5: the land for growing field crops application test
Test site: Tai, Shandong Province
Test kind: safe farming 18
Test period: year June in October, 2009 to 2011 (two seasons)
Reference examples: peasant habit fertilising+traditional irrigation is handled.Peasant habit fertilising consumption is: maize straw all also behind the field every mu use organic commercial fertilizer 100kg, every mu of 25kg diammonium phosphate and 15kg urea (base fertilizer) before the sowing+rise and spread fertilizer over the fields 15kg urea after one's death, traditional irrigation is for covering a water 60m
3+ water the 60m of turning green
3+ grouting water 60m
3, irrigation method is big furrow flood irrigation.
Comparative Examples: fertilizer specially for wheat A among utilization embodiment 1 and the embodiment 3 and B2 are in conjunction with the integrated facility of sprinkling irrigation liquid manure, and application process is as follows:
In conjunction with the input (every mu is dropped into organic commercial fertilizer 100kg, applied once before whole ground) of maize straw before the wheat cultivation and fertilizer, behind wheat cultivation, every mu of fertilizer specially for wheat A 10kg that uses embodiment 1, the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 20m
3, entering preceding 6 days of the phase of surviving the winter carries out using the second time, can apply special-purpose fertile A 5kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 20m
3, a week can apply special-purpose fertile A 8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation after 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green, sprinkling irrigation water 20m
3, combination sprinkling irrigation in 10 days can apply special-purpose fertile A 10kg after wheat began the jointing stage, and this water yield of spraying is 20m
3In the wheat flowering preceding 7 days, use the above-mentioned fertilizer specially for wheat B25kg of the present invention for every mu in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 20m
3Applied special-purpose fertile B26kg to the mid-term of being in the milk in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation in 15 days after the flowering, the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 20m
3Carry out 6 integrated operations of liquid manure altogether.
The special-purpose fertilizer that at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume after the dissolving is 18L, before the special-purpose fertile injection irrigation pipe after the dissolving, earlier with the moistening irrigation pipe of clear water, the liquid fertile irrigation conduit that injects after will dissolving again, the fertigation of the mode of spraying, irrigation system and pipeline are not cleaned with not containing fertile water in the liquid fertile back of having injected.
This test was carried out 2 years continuously, and general data result's contrast sees Table 2:
Use the integrated fertilizer specially for wheat of liquid manure of the present invention and in conjunction with the sprinkling irrigation application process, the fertilizer input significantly reduces than peasant habit operation, mu is saved pure nutrient 9.0kg, saves fertile rate and reaches 30.2%; But whole growing water saving 60m
3, than peasant habit water saving 33.3%; Wheat grain two annuals volume increase 16.7%, obvious effect of increasing production.
The fertilising of table 2 peasant habit is poured water and integrated liquid manure consumption of liquid manure of the present invention and wheat yield contrast
Embodiment 6: the land for growing field crops application test
Test site: Jinan City, Shandong Province
Test kind: Jimai 22
Test period: year June in October, 2010 to 2011
Reference examples: peasant habit fertilising+traditional irrigation is handled.Peasant habit fertilising consumption is: preceding every mu of 20kg diammonium phosphate of sowing and 10kg urea (base fertilizer)+and rise and spread fertilizer over the fields 20kg urea after one's death, traditional irrigation is for covering a water 50m
3+ water the 55m of turning green
3+ grouting water 55m
3, irrigation method is big furrow flood irrigation.
Comparative Examples: fertilizer specially for wheat A among utilization embodiment 1 and the embodiment 3 and B2 are in conjunction with the integrated facility of sprinkling irrigation liquid manure, and application process is as follows:
In conjunction with the input (every mu is dropped into the muck 1500kg of farmers', applied once before whole ground) of fertilizer before the wheat cultivation, behind wheat cultivation, every mu of fertilizer specially for wheat A 10kg that uses embodiment 1, the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 20m
3, entering preceding 6 days of the phase of surviving the winter carries out using the second time, can apply special-purpose fertile A 5kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and the sprinkling irrigation water yield is 17m
3, a week can apply special-purpose fertile A 6kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation after 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green, and 18m pours water
3, combination sprinkling irrigation in 10 days can apply special-purpose fertile A 10kg after wheat began the jointing stage, and this water yield of spraying is 20m
3In the wheat flowering preceding 7 days, use the above-mentioned fertilizer specially for wheat B25kg of the present invention for every mu in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, irrigation quantity is 18m
3Knot applied special-purpose fertile B27kg to the mid-term of being in the milk in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation in 15 days after the flowering, and irrigation quantity is 22m
3Carry out 6 integrated operations of liquid manure altogether.
The special-purpose fertilizer that at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume after the dissolving is 20L, before the special-purpose fertile injection irrigation pipe after the dissolving, earlier with the moistening irrigation pipe of clear water, the liquid fertile irrigation conduit that injects after will dissolving again, the fertigation of the mode of spraying, irrigation system and pipeline are not cleaned with not containing fertile water in the liquid fertile back of having injected.
Test mainly the results are shown in Table 3:
Integrated fertilizer specially for wheat of liquid manure of the present invention and application process thereof are compared with irrigation method with the peasant habit fertilising, significantly increase wheat yield (every mu of volume increase 126.3kg, stimulation ratio is 25.6%), (every mu is reduced irrigation water 45m to reduce fertilizer nutrient input (mu is saved the pure nutrient 6.5kg of fertilizer, saves fertile rate and reaches 24.4%) and conserve water resource
3), nitrogenous fertilizer utilising efficiency (nitrogenous fertilizer wilfully force of labor improves 106.0%) can be increased substantially,, the wheat lodging rate can be significantly reduced because the fertile later stage of this special use is noted using of potassium element, but the production means such as conserve water, fertilizer accumulative total is 48 yuan on the mu total input cost, every mu can increase income 170 surplus yuan.
The fertilising of table 3 peasant habit is poured water and the integrated liquid manure consumption of liquid manure of the present invention and other every index contrast
Claims (5)
1. the incorporate special-purpose fertile application process of winter wheat liquid manure adopts the sprinkling irrigation mode to use, and described winter wheat liquid manure is incorporate special-purpose fertile, and its parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
In the above raw material, it is 46.0%-46.3% that urea contains N, and diammonium phosphate contains N 18.0%-18.1%, P
2O
546.0%-46.2%, Repone K contains K
2O 60.0%-60.5%, potassium humate contain solubility humic acids 55.0%-55.6%, K
2O 10.0%-10.3% is mass percent;
Step is as follows:
(1) in conjunction with the input of fertilizer before the wheat cultivation, behind wheat cultivation,, use the special-purpose fertile 28-45kg of amounting to for every mu to the jointing later stage, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 4 times:
Behind the wheat cultivation to the stage of emerging for using for the first time, apply special-purpose fertile 9-14kg in conjunction with spraying; Carried out using the second time in 6-8 days before entering the phase of surviving the winter, apply special-purpose fertile 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green to the phase of standing up, and applied special-purpose fertile 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; Jointing early stage to the jointing later stage applies special-purpose fertile 9-15kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation;
(2) the wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term stage that is in the milk, use the special-purpose fertile 8-18kg of amounting to for every mu, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 2 times:
Blooming stage the last week applies special-purpose fertile 4-10kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and a thoughtful grouting applies special-purpose fertile 4-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation mid-term after the flowering;
The described fertilizer of above step (1) is the assorted muck of farmers''s soil of 1500-2000kg/ mu or the commercial goods fertilizer of 100-150kg/ mu, applied once before whole ground.
2. the integrated special-purpose fertile application process of winter wheat liquid manure as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) in conjunction with the input of fertilizer before the wheat cultivation, behind wheat cultivation,, use special-purpose fertile A for every mu and amount to 30-40kg to the jointing later stage, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 4 times:
Behind the wheat cultivation to the stage of emerging for using for the first time, apply special-purpose fertile A 10-13kg in conjunction with spraying; Carried out using the second time in 6-8 days before entering the phase of surviving the winter, apply special-purpose fertile A 5-7kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; 1 year spring, wheat began to turn green to the phase of standing up, and applied special-purpose fertile A 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation; Jointing early stage to the jointing later stage applies special-purpose fertile A 10-12kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation;
The fertile A proportioning of described special use parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
(2) the wheat jointing later stage to the mid-term stage that is in the milk, use special-purpose fertile B for every mu and amount to 10-15kg, during carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure and use 2 times:
Blooming stage the last week applies special-purpose fertile B 5-8kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation, and a thoughtful grouting applies special-purpose fertile B 5-7kg in conjunction with sprinkling irrigation mid-term behind the blooming stage;
The fertile B proportioning of described special use parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
The described fertilizer of above step (1) is the assorted muck of farmers''s soil of 1500-2000kg/ mu or the commercial goods fertilizer of 100-150kg/ mu, applied once before whole ground.
3. the integrated special-purpose fertile application process of winter wheat liquid manure as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that behind wheat cultivation to the jointing later stage, the fertile A proportioning of the incorporate special use of winter wheat liquid manure parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
4. the integrated special-purpose fertile application process of winter wheat liquid manure as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that the wheat jointing later stage to being in the milk mid-term, the fertile B proportioning of the incorporate special use of winter wheat liquid manure parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
5. as the integrated special-purpose fertile application process of the arbitrary described winter wheat liquid manure of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the water yield of at every turn carrying out the integrated sprinkling irrigation of liquid manure amounts to 18-25m
3, the special-purpose fertilizer that will at every turn irrigate usefulness before the sprinkling irrigation all is dissolved into liquid fertile, volume is no more than 20L, carry out the integrated mode of liquid manure when using according to following steps: the fs, select not contain the fertile moistening irrigation pipe of water the wheat of spraying for use; Subordinate phase is with the liquid fertile injection irrigation conduit after the dissolving, the fertigation of the mode of spraying; Phase III, do not clean irrigation system and pipeline with not containing fertile water, the sprinkling irrigation wheat.
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| CN102816024B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-05-14 | 马鞍山科邦生态肥有限公司 | Special fertilizer for spring wheat base fertilizer |
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