CN105284378B - A kind of Tomato in Greenhouse celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of Tomato in Greenhouse celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284378B CN105284378B CN201510756486.6A CN201510756486A CN105284378B CN 105284378 B CN105284378 B CN 105284378B CN 201510756486 A CN201510756486 A CN 201510756486A CN 105284378 B CN105284378 B CN 105284378B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Tomato in Greenhouse celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods, including the step such as the installing and using of micro-irrigation equipment, site preparation basal dressing, field planting, water and fertilizer management, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control when tomato celery is planted.The present invention uses water-fertilizer integral micro irrigation technology, and tomato, celery are utilized respectively different slight irrigation modes, grows demand according to vegetables different growing, moisture and nutrient is quantified, timing, is supplied directly to crop in proportion, is shown by contrast test：Annual every mu of the slight irrigation implantation methods of the present invention can save irrigation quantity about 200m3, water saving more than 40%, section fertile more than 30%, of the invention to have fertile water saving, section, saving labour cost, improve micro-ecological environment, mitigate pest and disease damage, improve the characteristics of vegetable yields and quality, party's law technology is simple, and high financial profit is easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to growing vegetables technical field, more particularly, to Tomato in Greenhouse-celery crop rotation slight irrigation plantation side
Method.
Background technology
Industrialized agriculture is one of most active industry in the world today, and the flourishing countries and regions of Agriculture comparison all exist at present
Greatly develop industrialized agriculture.Facilities vegetable is the important component of industrialized agriculture, and the solution winter of developing into of facilities vegetable lacks
Dish, great function is played in terms of realizing vegetables year-round provision, increased income for the common people, abundant citizen's vegetable basket is made that positive tribute
Offer.Facility cultivation area of the China based on vegetables have developed rapidly in recent years, especially recent years, various regions government, supervisor portion
Door has put into effect a series of policy of development and backup facility agricultural in succession, measure makes the development of facility area more swift and violent.1981
China's Installation Vegetable Cultivation area is less than 0.72 ten thousand hm2, develop into 1,440,000 hm within 19982, by the end of the year 2010, China facility vegetable
Dish annual planting area reaches 4,670,000 hm2, the 95% of China's facility cultivation and the area of world's facilities horticulture 80% are accounted for respectively, into
For the country that facility area in the world is maximum.
Although China's Installation Vegetable Cultivation achieves great development, turn into world's facilities horticulture first in scale at present
Big country, but larger gap also be present compared with the country that external facilities vegetable develops relatively morning and the prosperity of production management technology, lack
Weary advanced planting technology and quantitative management index based on facilities environment condition, standardized production technical system are not yet formed.Water
Low fertile utilization rate is most common problem present in vegetable production in green house, is always continued to use in history in vegetable production in green house at present
" the big fertilizer of flood, without asking people " handed down, the water and fertilizer management pattern of " fertilizer is walked with water, the fertilizer of a water one " blindness.China is one
The country of serious water shortage, although gross amount of water resources is more, because China is a populous nation, so water resource is occupied per capita
Rate is extremely low, and agricultural irrigation water is that China mainly uses water rich and influential family, accounts for more than the 60% of national total water consumption, on the one hand agriculture water shortage,
On the other hand more agricultural water wasting phenomenon and generally existing, irrigation application efficiency only 30%-40%, and effective profit in the U.S.
60%-70% is reached with rate, Israel is then up to more than 90%, excessively pours water and not only cause moisture to waste, be also easy to cause heliogreenhouse
The problems such as soil and space humidity are excessive, and easily induction pest and disease damage, quality of vegetable decline.In addition the fertilizers input mistake in vegetables produce
Greatly, not only cause fertilizer to waste, the increase of cost, can also cause nutrient to accumulate and elute in soil, cause soil acidification, secondary
Raw salination, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and underground water pollution.Application Ratio is uncoordinated in vegetable production in green house, fertilizing method is unreasonable
And the subject matter that presently, there are.Therefore China development facilities vegetable must consider water, fertilizer, environment etc. because
Element, develop modern slight irrigation efficient agriculture with saving water, improve facilities vegetable water and fertilizer utilization, just can guarantee that the sustainable development of facilities vegetable
Exhibition.
The plantation of tomato-celery crop rotation is one of principal mode of northern China facilities vegetable plantation, applicant according to fruit and vegetable,
The own characteristic of leaf vegetables, two kinds of vegetables use different slight irrigation modes, according to crop different bearing stage demand, by water and nutrient
People crop root zone is equably applied, optimal water, fertilizer, air and heat growing environment is provided for plant growth, is effectively reduced root layer soil
The deep layer leaching loss of salinity residual quantity and nutrient, liquid manure utilization ratio is significantly improved, it is dirty to mitigate soil and groundwater nitrate
Dye.Form the water saving for being adapted to tomato in China-celery crop rotation production, fertile, the safe and efficient management cropping pattern of section.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Tomato in Greenhouse-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods, facility vegetable is overcome
Input cost caused by the water and fertilizer management of blindness is high in dish production, and the liquid manure wasting of resources, quality of vegetable declines, pest and disease damage is serious,
The problems such as soil degradation and environmental pollution, make facilities vegetable water saving, save fertile, safe efficient production.
The invention discloses following technical characteristic to achieve the above object：
A kind of Tomato in Greenhouse-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods, it is characterised in that carried out by the steps：
1. tomato slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
According to soil fertility per 667m2Spread fertilizer over the fields organic fertilizer 2000kg-4000kg or Chicken dung fertilizer 1000kg-2000kg,
Calcium superphosphate 30kg-50kg, 25cm-30cm is ploughed deeply after fertilising, be well mixed soil and fertilizer, soil of raking, site preparation is into height
Furrow, furrow face wide 80cm-90cm, furrow width 40cm-50cm, the high 15cm-20cm of furrow；
2. the use of micro-irrigation equipment
Branch pipe is installed along greenhouse East and West direction, during long more than the 70m in greenhouse, from branch diameter 40mm, when length is less than 70m,
Caliber 32mm, branch pipe, which stretches, is balanced, and punching installation bypass connection hollow billet, hollow billet and branch pipe right angle setting, are stretched along ridge on branch pipe,
During tomato planting, two drip irrigation pipes, caliber 15mm, water dropper spacing 30cm, drip irrigation tube pitch 50cm-60cm are installed per furrow；
3. overlay film is colonized
After micro-irrigation equipment installs, the white mulch film that breadth is 1.4m is covered immediately, is typically chosen on late Febuary or March
The fine day morning field planting in ten days, spacing in the rows 45cm, rupture of membranes borehole is colonized at away from water dropper 2cm-3cm, and field planting depth is exposed with cotyledon
Native face depth 1cm-2cm is advisable, and field planting hole is sternly slightly pressed with grave, per 667m2It is colonized 2200-2500 strains；
4. tomato water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
It is colonized-blooms：Poured water in time after field planting, according to soil moisture content per 667m2The m of the amount of dripping 353-45m3；It is colonized 7-10d
Pour seedling recovering water afterwards, per 667m2The amount of dripping 7m3-9m3；
Bloom-result：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 6m3-8m3, pour water interval 10d-15d；
As a result initial stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 8m3-10m3, pour water interval 10d-12d；
As a result peak period：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 8m3-10m3, pour water interval 8d-10d；
As a result latter stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 7m3-9m3, pour water interval 8d-10d；
2）Fertilizing management
Because base fertilizer uses sufficient, the first fringe fruit occupies stably preceding no longer top dressing, to promote root system development, controls overground part excessive growth,
When the first fringe fruit stone peach size, start to combine drip irrigation using Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator progress top dressing, fertilizer formula N：
P2O5：K2O is 1:0.4:1.8, per 667m2It is 4kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, and disposable fertilizer is chased after every a water, altogether top dressing 3-4 times.
5. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control % is referred to:（w/w）It is mass ratio
The tomato whole season of growth incident main diseases and insect pests have aphid, liriomyza bryoniae, early blight, gray mold, leaf mold,
Late blight, blossom-end rot etc..It can be prevented eliminating aphis with 10% imidacloprid, 2500 times of liquid, be prevented and treated with 48% 1500-2000 times of liquid of barnyard grass of poisoning with poison
Liriomyza bryoniae, 75% 600 times of Bravo liquid preventing and treating early blight, the ten thousand of 50% mould clever 800 times of liquid preventing and treating gray molds, 800 times of 50% carbendazim
800-1000 times of liquid preventing and treating leaf mold, 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn liquid preventing and treating late blight, 0.5% calcium superphosphate solution preventing and treating navel are rotten
Disease.
2. celery slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
Every 667 m2Apply farm manure 3000kg-5000 kg, the kg of calcium superphosphate 20, urea 10kg-15 kg, borax 1
Kg, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, plough deeply 20cm-25 cm, thin rake soil, site preparation make the wide flat furrow of 1.2m-1.5 m after turning over；
2. the use of micro-irrigation equipment
When autumn plants celery, the fine-spraying belt that two diameter 32mm are installed per furrow is connected with bypass on branch pipe, every micro- spray
There is aperture the both sides of band, and per side opening spacing 5cm, two side holes are arranged in isosceles triangle on fine-spraying belt；
3. it is colonized
Heliogreenhouse celery resident time carries out greenhouse disinfection in mid or late September, in the closed close plastic shed 20d-30d of August part, often
Furrow are colonized 6-8 rows, and band Tu Tuo is transplanted, and field planting depth is not buried the heart deeply and be defined, this celery veriety seeding row spacing is with shallow not crab rooting
10cm-15 cm× 15cm-20 cm;Celery veriety seeding row spacing is 15cm-20 cm × 20cm-25 cm；Per 667m2It is fixed
Plant 15000-20000 strains；
4. water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
Poured water in time after field planting, according to soil moisture content per 667m2Irrigation quantity 35m3-45m3；Pour seedling recovering water after 5d-7d, often
667m2Irrigation quantity 12m3-15m3, appropriate control water, terminates to restrain the growth of seedlings, every 8d-12d when celery young leaves largely deploys after slow seedling
Pour water once, per 667m2Irrigation quantity 15m3；Late autumn and winter should control watering, and the general 15d-20d that is spaced fills a water, often
667m2Irrigation quantity 15m3, and pour water and should be carried out in the fine day morning, and pay attention to strengthening ventilation wet down, prevent humidity is excessive from disease occurs
Evil；
2）Fertilizing management
After field planting 1 month, top dressing of pouring water, fertilizer formula N are combined using Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator：P2O5：K2O is 1:0.63:
1.08, per 667m2It is 5kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, altogether top dressing 2-3 times, if when celery calcium deficiency, boron, should spray 0.3% in time
Calcium chloride solution and 0.1% borax soln；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The incident pest and disease damage of celery mainly has aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, spot blight, early blight, soft rot.10% pyrrole worm can be used
2500 times of liquid of quinoline are anti-to eliminate aphis, trialeurodes vaporariorum.75% 500 times of mancozeb wettable powder liquid, or 75% Bravo wettable powder
600~800 times of liquid, or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 500 times of liquid preventing and treating spot blights, with 50% carbendazim wettable powder
800 times of liquid of agent or 72% Du Pont gram dew wettable powder 800 times of liquid preventing and treating early blight, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulphate soluble powders
Or new 3000~4000 times of liquid preventing and treating soft rot of phytomycin.
3. micro irrigation fertilizer spreading points for attention
1. the selection of fertilizer：From the solid fertilizer that dissolubility is good, nutrient purity is high, and mix and match somebody with somebody between the fertilizer selected
Precipitation is not produced when processed, to prevent system jams.
2. the preparation of fertilizer solution：Fertilizer used is weighed according to fertilizer formula before fertilising every time, with larger container fertilizer
Be sufficiently stirred, dissolve, filter after solution poured into fertilising container.
3. fertilizing equipment operates：Very simple is operated using Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, first puts the suction nozzle of Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator
Enter to hold in the open container of solution, suction nozzle installation screen pack, and suction nozzle not touch container bottom, open Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator
The valve on valve and the fertile flexible pipe of suction on supervisor, and the valve on regulated fertilization device supervisor, make the suction that solution is uniform and stable
Pipeline, and make the control of liquid manure liquid mixing ratio about 10:1.
4. the control of fertilization time：System normal irrigation is applied fertilizer afterwards for a period of time, should keep pouring water after the completion of fertilising
20min-30min, accumulated to prevent chemical substance and block aperture.
5. the cleaning of irrigation system preserves
After irrigation system runs a Growing season, the blowoff valve that should open filter bottom puts dirt, cleans screen pack.Will
Drip irrigation pipe end is opened and is rinsed, and the low place of lucifuge, temperature is placed on after drip irrigation pipe, fine-spraying belt are removed and is kept properly,
In case the coming year is used again.
The present invention further discloses Tomato in Greenhouse-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods in water-saving fertilizer-saving, raising water
Application in terms of fertile utilization rate.Tomato-celery yield particularly is being improved, is improving the application in terms of tomato-celery quality.
Experimental result is shown：
（1）Tomato-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods are compared with peasant's conventional border irrigation implantation methods, water saving more than 40%, section
Fertilizer more than 30%, yield increase is obvious, tomato yield increase by more than 5%, celery yield increase by more than 3%.
（2）Using slight irrigation implantation methods compared with peasant's conventional border irrigation implantation methods, Tomato Quality is obviously improved, Vc contents
Increase by more than 20%, soluble sugar content increase by more than 7%, nitrate content reduces by more than 15%.
（3）Using slight irrigation implantation methods compared with peasant's conventional border irrigation implantation methods, celery quality significantly improves, Vc contents
Increase by more than 20%, crude fiber content reduce by more than 15%, and nitrate content reduces by more than 4%.
Tomato in Greenhouse disclosed by the invention-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods and peasant's conventional border irrigation implantation methods phase
Than the advantage is that：
Tomato-celery water and fertilizer management the mode optimized using micro irrigation technology disclosed by the invention can water-saving fertilizer-saving, time saving province
Work, warm indoor humidity is reduced, reduce disease and weeds, reduce Pesticide use number and dosage, improve quality of vegetable, increase production
Amount, increase income, and advanced technology, it is workable.
Embodiment：
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention
It is method known in those skilled in the art.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, it is not intended to limit the present invention
Scope, the spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow.To those skilled in the art, without departing substantially from this
The various changes carried out on the premise of invention spirit and scope to the material component in these embodiments and dosage or change
Belong to protection scope of the present invention.Wherein described best buy organic fertilizer, Chicken dung fertilizer, calcium superphosphate etc., the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Used raw material is commercially available.The % occurred in embodiment is referred to:（w/w）；Micro-irrigation equipment of the present invention buy in
Tianjin Le Long irrigation techniques Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1
1. tomato slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
According to soil fertility per 667m2Organic fertilizer 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg are spread fertilizer over the fields, 25cm is ploughed deeply after fertilising, makes soil
Earth and fertilizer are well mixed, soil of raking, and site preparation is into high ridge, furrow face wide 80cm, furrow width 50cm, the high 15cm of furrow；Described is organic
Fertilizer refers to best buy organic fertilizer, buys in this green bio tech ltd of Tianjin；
2. micro-irrigation equipment is installed and used
Micro-irrigation equipment is made up of stem, branch pipe, hollow billet three parts, close to water source installation filter, Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, is entered
The stem system such as air bleeding valve, pressure gauge, water meter, greenhouse East and West direction installation branch pipe, caliber 32mm, branch pipe, which stretches, balances, on branch pipe
Punching installation bypass connection hollow billet, hollow billet and branch pipe right angle setting, is stretched along ridge, and during tomato planting, two drip irrigations are installed per furrow
Pipe, caliber 15mm, water dropper spacing 30cm, drip irrigation tube pitch 50cm；
3. overlay film is colonized
After micro-irrigation equipment installs, the white mulch film that breadth is 1.4m is covered immediately, and mulch film will even up tension.Tomato is colonized
Preceding 3d carries out greenhouse disinfection, per 667m2Add DDVP 0.25kg with Cosan 3kg, mix sawdust and divide heap to light, closed stifling one
Leak informaton afterwards round the clock.Fine day morning late Febuary is colonized, spacing in the rows 45cm, and rupture of membranes borehole is colonized at away from water dropper 2cm-3cm, field planting
Depth is exposed native face depth 1cm-2cm with cotyledon and is advisable, and field planting hole is sternly slightly pressed with grave, per 667m22500 plants of field planting.
4. tomato water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
It is colonized-blooms：Poured water in time after field planting, per 667m2The m of the amount of dripping 353；Pour seedling recovering water after field planting 10d, per 667m2
The amount of dripping 8m3；
Bloom-result：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 7m3, pour water interval 15d；
As a result initial stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 8m3, pour water interval 12d；
As a result peak period：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 9m3, pour water interval 10d；
As a result latter stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 8m3, pour water interval 10d；
2）Fertilizing management
Because base fertilizer uses sufficient, the first fringe fruit occupies stably preceding no longer top dressing, to promote root system development, controls overground part excessive growth,
When the first fringe fruit stone peach size, start to combine drip irrigation using venturi progress top dressing, fertilizer formula N：P2O5：K2O
For 1:0.4:1.8, per 667m2It is 4kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, and disposable fertilizer is chased after every a water, altogether top dressing 4 times；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Prevent eliminating aphis with 10% imidacloprid, 2500 times of liquid, prevent and treat liriomyza bryoniaes, 75% Bravo with 48% 1500 times of liquid of barnyard grass of poisoning with poison
600 times of liquid preventing and treating early blight, the ten thousand of 50% mould clever 800 times of liquid preventing and treating gray molds, 50% carbendazim 800 times of liquid preventing and treating leaf molds, 58%
800 times of liquid preventing and treating late blights of metalaxyl-mn-zn, 0.5% calcium superphosphate solution preventing and treating blossom-end rot.
2. celery slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
Every 667 m2Farm manure 3000kg is applied, the kg of calcium superphosphate 20, urea 10kg, the kg of borax 1, is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil
Earth surface, 20 cm are ploughed deeply, thin rake soil, site preparation make the wide flat furrow of 1.2m after turning over；
2. micro-irrigation equipment is installed and used
When autumn plants celery, the fine-spraying belt that two diameter 32mm are installed per furrow is connected with bypass on branch pipe, every micro- spray
There is aperture band both sides, and per side opening spacing 5cm, two side holes are arranged in isosceles triangle on fine-spraying belt
3. it is colonized
Heliogreenhouse celery resident time carries out greenhouse disinfection in mid-September, in the closed close plastic shed 20d of August part, is colonized per furrow
6 rows, band Tu Tuo are transplanted, and field planting depth is not buried the heart deeply and be defined, celery veriety seeding row spacing is 20cm × 20cm with shallow not crab rooting；
Per 667m215000 plants of field planting；
4. water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
Poured water in time after field planting, according to soil moisture content per 667m2Irrigation quantity 40m3；Pour seedling recovering water after 5d, per 667m2Pour water
Measure 12m3, appropriate control water, terminates to restrain the growth of seedlings, is poured water once every 8d, per 667m when celery young leaves largely deploys after slow seedling2Fill
Water 15m3；Late autumn and winter should control watering, and the general 15d that is spaced fills a water, per 667m2Irrigation quantity 15m3, and pour water should be
The fine day morning is carried out, and pays attention to strengthening ventilation wet down, prevents the excessive generation disease of humidity；
2）Fertilizing management
After field planting 1 month, top dressing of pouring water, fertilizer application formula N are combined using Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator：P2O5：K2O is 1:0.63:
1.08, per 667m2It is 5kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, altogether top dressing 2 times；If when celery calcium deficiency, boron, 0.3% should be sprayed in time
Calcium chloride solution and 0.1% borax soln；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
With 10% imidacloprid, 2500 times of liquid it is anti-eliminate aphis, trialeurodes vaporariorum；75% 500 times of mancozeb wettable powder liquid prevents and treats spot
Rot；With 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 800 times of liquid preventing and treating early blight, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulphate preventing and treating soft rot.
Embodiment 2
1. tomato slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
According to soil fertility per 667m2Chicken dung 1000kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg are spread fertilizer over the fields, 30cm is ploughed deeply after fertilising, makes
Soil and fertilizer are well mixed, soil of raking, and site preparation is into high ridge, furrow face wide 90cm, furrow width 50cm, the high 20cm of furrow；
2. micro-irrigation equipment is installed and used
Micro-irrigation equipment is made up of stem, branch pipe, hollow billet three parts, close to water source installation filter, Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator, is entered
The stem system such as air bleeding valve, pressure gauge, water meter, greenhouse East and West direction installation branch pipe, caliber 32mm, branch pipe, which stretches, balances, on branch pipe
Punching installation bypass connection hollow billet, hollow billet and branch pipe right angle setting, is stretched along ridge, and during tomato planting, two drip irrigations are installed per furrow
Pipe, caliber 15mm, water dropper spacing 30cm, drip irrigation tube pitch 50cm；
3. overlay film is colonized
After micro-irrigation equipment installs, the white mulch film that breadth is 1.4m is covered immediately, and mulch film will even up tension.Tomato is colonized
Preceding 2d carries out greenhouse disinfection, per 667m2Add DDVP 0.25kg with Cosan 2kg, mix sawdust and divide heap to light, closed stifling one
Leak informaton afterwards round the clock.The early March fine day morning is colonized, spacing in the rows 45cm, and rupture of membranes borehole is colonized at away from water dropper 2cm-3cm, field planting
Depth is exposed native face depth 1cm-2cm with cotyledon and is advisable, and field planting hole is sternly slightly pressed with grave, per 667m22200 plants of field planting.
4. tomato water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
It is colonized-blooms：Poured water in time after field planting, per 667m2The m of the amount of dripping 403；Pour seedling recovering water after field planting 7d, per 667m2Drop
Water 8m3；
Bloom-result：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 8m3, pour water interval 12d；
As a result initial stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 10m3, pour water interval 12d；
As a result peak period：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 10m3, pour water a 9d；
As a result latter stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 9m3, pour water interval 9d；
2）Fertilizing management
Because base fertilizer uses sufficient, the first fringe fruit occupies stably preceding no longer top dressing, to promote root system development, controls overground part excessive growth,
When the first fringe fruit stone peach size, start to combine drip irrigation using venturi progress top dressing, fertilizer formula N：P2O5：K2O
For 1:0.4:1.8, per 667m2It is 4kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, and disposable fertilizer is chased after every a water, altogether top dressing 3 times；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Prevent eliminating aphis with 10% imidacloprid, 2500 times of liquid, prevent and treat liriomyza bryoniaes, 75% Bravo with 48% 1500 times of liquid of barnyard grass of poisoning with poison
600 times of liquid preventing and treating early blight, the ten thousand of 50% mould clever 800 times of liquid preventing and treating gray molds, 50% carbendazim 800 times of liquid preventing and treating leaf molds, 58%
800 times of liquid preventing and treating late blights of metalaxyl-mn-zn, 0.5% calcium superphosphate solution preventing and treating blossom-end rot.
2. celery slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
Every 667 m2Farm manure 5000kg is applied, the kg of calcium superphosphate 20, urea 15kg, the kg of borax 1, is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in soil
Earth surface, 25 cm are ploughed deeply, thin rake soil, site preparation make the wide flat furrow of 1.5m after turning over；
2. micro-irrigation equipment is installed and used
When autumn plants celery, the fine-spraying belt that two diameter 32mm are installed per furrow is connected with bypass on branch pipe, every micro- spray
There is aperture band both sides, and per side opening spacing 5cm, two side holes are arranged in isosceles triangle on fine-spraying belt
3. it is colonized
Heliogreenhouse celery resident time carries out greenhouse disinfection in late September, in the closed close plastic shed 30d of August part, is colonized per furrow
8 rows, band Tu Tuo are transplanted, and field planting depth is deep not bury the heart and be defined with shallow not crab rooting, and this celery veriety seeding row spacing is the cm of 15cm × 18；
Per 667m220000 plants of field planting；
4. water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
Poured water in time after field planting, per 667m2Irrigation quantity 35m3；Pour seedling recovering water after 7d, per 667m2Irrigation quantity 15m3, after slow seedling
Appropriate control water, terminates to restrain the growth of seedlings, is poured water once every 12d, per 667m when celery young leaves largely deploys2Irrigation quantity 15m3；Late autumn
Watering should be controlled with winter, the general 20d that is spaced fills a water, per 667m2Irrigation quantity 15m3, and pour water and should be carried out in the fine day morning,
And pay attention to strengthening ventilation wet down, prevent the excessive generation disease of humidity；
2）Fertilizing management
After field planting 1 month, top dressing of pouring water, fertilizer application formula N are combined using Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator：P2O5：K2O is 1:0.63:
1.08, per 667m2It is 5kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, altogether top dressing 3 times；If when celery calcium deficiency, boron, 0.3% should be sprayed in time
Calcium chloride and 0.1% borax soln；
5. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
With 10% imidacloprid, 2500 times of liquid it is anti-eliminate aphis, trialeurodes vaporariorum；75% 600 times of Bravo wettable powder liquid prevents and treats spot
Rot；Or 3000 times of 2% Du Pont gram dew wettable powder, 800 times of liquid preventing and treating early blight, new phytomycin liquid preventing and treating soft rot.
Embodiment 3
Tomato in Greenhouse-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods contrast with peasant's conventional border irrigation implantation methods, test
Carried out in No. 67 greenhouses of Tianjin modern agriculture science and technology innovation bases, processing 1 is the fertilising of peasant's normal irrigation, processing 2 is slight irrigation
Fertilising, it the results are shown in Table 1, table 2：
Influence of the micro irrigation fertilizer spreading of table 1 to tomato-celery yield, economic benefit
Influence of the micro irrigation fertilizer spreading of table 2 to tomato-celery quality
As it can be seen from table 1 using micro irrigation fertilizer spreading compared with peasant's conventional border irrigation applies fertilizer, an annual water-saving amount is up to 233m3/
667 m2, water saving 45.7%, section fertilizer 32.9%, save 158 yuan/667m of fertilizer cost2, 878 yuan/667m of the increase output value2, He Jizeng
Receive 1036 yuan/667m2, cost-saving synergistic is notable.
Table 2 is as can be seen that use micro irrigation fertilizer spreading method, and tomato Vc contents increase by 22.8%, soluble sugar content increases
7.29%, titratable acid content reduces by 14.3%, and sugar-acid ratio improves 25.2%, and nitrate content reduces by 16.8%；Celery Vc contents increase
Add 25.45%, crude fiber content reduces by 19.1%, and nitrate content reduces by 4.37%, and tomato celery quality is obviously improved.It is simultaneously micro-
Fill fertilising can obviously reduce pour water, apply fertilizer, going and buy Chinese medicine, the labor such as site preparation, per 667m2It is annual to reduce labor 15-20
It is individual.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Tomato in Greenhouse-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods, it is characterised in that carried out by the steps：
（1）Tomato slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
According to soil fertility per 667m2Organic fertilizer 2000kg-4000kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg-50kg are spread fertilizer over the fields, is ploughed deeply after fertilising
25cm-30cm, it is well mixed soil and fertilizer, soil of raking, site preparation is into high ridge, furrow face wide 80cm-90cm, furrow width 40cm-
50cm, the high 15cm-20cm of furrow；
2. the use of micro-irrigation equipment
Branch pipe is installed along greenhouse East and West direction, during long more than the 70m in greenhouse, from branch diameter 40mm, when length is less than 70m, caliber
32mm, branch pipe, which stretches, is balanced, and punching installation bypass connection hollow billet, hollow billet and branch pipe right angle setting, are stretched, tomato along ridge on branch pipe
During plantation, two drip irrigation pipes, caliber 15mm, water dropper spacing 30cm, drip irrigation tube pitch 50cm-60cm are installed per furrow；
3. overlay film is colonized
After micro-irrigation equipment installs, the white mulch film that breadth is 1.4m is covered immediately, selects the fine day of late Febuary or early March
Be colonized in the morning, spacing in the rows 45cm, and rupture of membranes borehole is colonized at away from water dropper 2cm-3cm, and field planting depth exposes native face height with cotyledon
1cm-2cm is advisable, and field planting hole is sternly slightly pressed with grave, per 667m2It is colonized 2200-2500 strains；
4. tomato water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
It is colonized-blooms：Poured water in time after field planting, according to soil moisture content per 667m2The m of the amount of dripping 353-45m3；After being colonized 7d-10d
Pour seedling recovering water, per 667m2The amount of dripping 7m3-9m3；
Bloom-result：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 6m3-8m3, pour water interval 10d-15d；
As a result initial stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 8m3-10m3, pour water interval 10d-12d；
As a result peak period：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 8m3-10m3, pour water interval 8d-10d；
As a result latter stage：Per 667m2The amount of dripping 7m3-9m3, pour water interval 8d-10d；
2）Fertilizing management
Because base fertilizer uses sufficient, the first fringe fruit occupies stably preceding no longer top dressing, to promote root system development, overground part excessive growth is controlled, when first
During fringe fruit stone peach size, start to combine drip irrigation using Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator progress top dressing, fertilizer formula N：P2O5：K2O is 1:0.4:
1.8, per 667m2It is 4kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, and disposable fertilizer is chased after every a water, altogether top dressing 3-4 times；
（2）Celery slight irrigation implantation methods
1. site preparation basal dressing
Every 667 m2Farm manure 3000kg-5000 kg, the kg of calcium superphosphate 20, urea 10kg-15 kg, the kg of borax 1 are applied,
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, 20cm-25 cm are ploughed deeply, thin rake soil, site preparation make the wide flat furrow of 1.2m-1.5 m after turning over；
2. the use of micro-irrigation equipment
When autumn plants celery, the fine-spraying belt that two diameter 32mm are installed per furrow is connected with bypass on branch pipe, every fine-spraying belt
There is aperture both sides, and per side opening spacing 5cm, two side holes are arranged in isosceles triangle on fine-spraying belt；
3. it is colonized
Heliogreenhouse celery resident time carries out greenhouse disinfection in mid or late September, in the closed close plastic shed 20d-30d of August part, determines per furrow
6-8 rows are planted, band Tu Tuo is transplanted, and field planting depth is not buried the heart deeply and be defined, this celery veriety seeding row spacing is 10cm-15 with shallow not crab rooting
cm× 15cm-20 cm；Celery veriety seeding row spacing is 15cm-20 cm × 20cm-25 cm；Per 667m2It is colonized 15000-
20000 plants；
4. water and fertilizer management
1）Water management
Poured water in time after field planting, according to soil moisture content per 667m2Irrigation quantity 35m3-45m3；Pour seedling recovering water after 5d-7d, per 667m2Fill
Water 12m3-15m3, appropriate control water, terminates to restrain the growth of seedlings, is poured water once every 8-12d when celery young leaves largely deploys after slow seedling,
Per 667m2Irrigation quantity 15m3；Late autumn and winter should control watering, and interval 15d-20d fills a water, per 667m2Irrigation quantity 15m3,
And pour water and should be carried out in the fine day morning, and pay attention to strengthening ventilation wet down, prevent the excessive generation disease of humidity；
2）Fertilizing management
After field planting 1 month, top dressing of pouring water, fertilizer formula N are combined using Development of Venturi Fertilizer Applicator：P2O5：K2O is 1:0.63:1.08
Per 667m2It is 5kg to impose pure amount of nutrients every time, altogether top dressing 2-3 times, if when celery calcium deficiency, boron, should spray 0.3% chlorination in time
Calcium solution and 0.1% borax soln.
2. Tomato in Greenhouse described in claim 1-celery crop rotation slight irrigation implantation methods are improving tomato-celery yield, improve
Application in terms of tomato-celery quality.
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| CN107926529A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-20 | 佛山市三水区嘉信农业技术研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of selenium-rich cherry tomato implantation methods |
| CN110278838B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-08-03 | 吐鲁番市农业技术推广中心 | Drip irrigation planting method for rotation of Hami melons and chives in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN112335639A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-02-09 | 新疆农业科学院综合试验场 | Root irrigation, fertilization and pesticide application device and method |
| CN117016316B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-02-13 | 山东永盛农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method for improving quality of cherry tomatoes |
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