CN104206167A - Water and fertilizer integral planting method for strawberries - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer integral planting method for strawberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN104206167A CN104206167A CN201410495972.2A CN201410495972A CN104206167A CN 104206167 A CN104206167 A CN 104206167A CN 201410495972 A CN201410495972 A CN 201410495972A CN 104206167 A CN104206167 A CN 104206167A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water and fertilizer integral planting method for strawberries. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a nursery land; (2) performing land preparation; (3) ridging; (4) transplanting; (5) performing water and fertilizer integral management; (6) harvesting properly. By adopting a water and fertilizer integral technology, the use of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and the dosage of pesticide is lowered; the technology plays an important role in ensuring the body health of people, and is an important nuisanceless measure for the production of strawberries; moreover, soil curing can be accelerated by adding an organic fertilizer, the transformation of mineral elements in soil is facilitated, the soil is improved, and the utilization ratio of the fertilizer is increased. Compared with conventional fertilization, the method has the advantages that the dosage of a base fertilizer is lowered, and a part of the fertilizer is applied in top application in order to be better absorbed and utilized by the strawberries; moreover, the loss is small, a high utilization ratio is achieved, high ecological benefit is achieved, and pollution on a water body and soil salinization caused by the fertilizer are avoided.
Description
Technical field
Strawberry cultivating field of the present invention, particularly a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods.
Background technology
Current when facility cultivation strawberry, for meeting needed for strawberry growth, usual employing uses base manure in a large number, and the later stage manually mends spraying fertilizer again; Poured water according to the upgrowth situation of strawberry simultaneously.The production of strawberry is all the method for rich water separate administration, causes supplying the water of strawberry, fertile in needed for reality.
This existing water and fertilizer management mode seriously wastes water and fertilizer, most water flows out from soil, under ooze, have impact on the gas permeability of soil and the much useful mineral element taken away in soil; And the concentrated of fertilizer is used, large to the injury of strawberry root system, simultaneously a big chunk wherein due to leaching loss, naturally volatilize or become the not available form of crop by soil fixing, make the availability of fertilizer also very low; And easily cause hardening and salt poolization of soil.Meanwhile, owing to needing a large amount of labours in water, fertile management, the benefit of plantation is greatly affected.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of this invention is to provide a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods.
Technical scheme: the invention provides a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, comprise the following steps:
1) selection on ground, garden: utilize original booth, select physical features relatively flat, the newly-built booth in the place that irrigation condition is good, lay main pipeline, install water-fertilizer integral equipment needed thereby, comprise irrigation system, fertilizer applicator and filter;
2) wholely: in July, remove the indoor weeds of canopy, plant residue, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and it is permeable to plough rear filling, covers plastic film pond sludge and closes, cover canopy film airtight awning room, 50-70 DEG C of vexed canopy 25-40 days on earth's surface;
3) ridging: booth takes off film, after soil is dry, executes colza cake 80-100kg for every mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15-20kg, imposes between ridge, do ridge after ploughing;
4) transplant: at the beginning of 9 months, select excellent strawberry cultivars, after detoxification treatment, field planting strawberry, every ridge plants 2 row, lays arm immediately after cultivation, between 2 row strawberries, lay internally-inlaid irrigate band, drips permeable, to guarantee surviving of strawberry;
5) water-fertilizer integral management: carry out water management according to the growth period of strawberry and weather condition, fertilizer adopts water miscible potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and adds a small amount of boron fertilizer, fertilizer is executed with water, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used after squaring period, result initial stage, each fruit harvesting, each usage amount is 4-8kg/ mu, each water 2000-3000kg/ mu, winter and Later growth reduce pours water;
6) timely collecting: pluck when strawberry fruit more than 90% is existing red.
Above-mentioned steps 5) in the process of each fertilising to experience three periods, meet 1/4-1/2-1/4 rule, namely pour water and start to after 1/4 period, whole system reaches service pressure, and water dropper water outlet is even; Note fertilizer is carried out in centre 1/2 period of pouring water; Last 1/4 period of pouring water does not inject fertilizer, can make allly to be retained in intrasystem fertilizer and can be rinsed, in order to avoid fertilizer is to the erosion of equipment, above three periods also will be adjusted depending on actual conditions, as 1/4 time rinsed out fertilizer not, flushing can be entered in advance.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in fertilizer comprise fertilizer 600-1000kg, calcium cyanamide 40-60kg, superphosphate 40-70kg.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in every meter do a ridge, ridge face width 40-50cm, low wide 60-70cm, ridge height 25-30cm.
Above-mentioned steps 3) comprise N, P in described potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
2o
5and K
2o, described N, P
2o
5and K
2the mass percent that O accounts for potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is respectively 16%.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in the distance between rows and hills of field planting strawberry be 20cm × 20cm.
Beneficial effect: relative to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1., air humidity in canopy can be reduced; Compared with applying fertilizer with conventional border irrigation, air humidity can reduce 9-14.5 percentage point.
2., greenhouse temperature can be improved; Due to water-fertilizer integral management, mustn't open canopy again and ventilate loose wet, the general high 2-4 DEG C of temperature of shed, is conducive to strawberry and grows and improve maturation.
3., because the mineral element in fertilizer is soluble in water, liquid manure solution being uniformly distributed in soil, so make the distribution of nutrient also height even, so just greatly increase the absorption efficiency of root system to moisture and nutrient, can promote that strawberry root system is to the absorption of nutrient, significantly can improve the availability of chemical fertilizer, reduce fertilizer amount;
4., the Integration of Water into Fertilizer not only reduces the input of chemical fertilizer, and can also reduce the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, to guaranteeing that the healthy of people has important function, must be the important measures of strawberry production Harmless.
5., compared with conventional fertilizer application, the usage amount of the present invention on base manure is less, is moved on to by part fertilizer in topdressing, strawberry more can be allowed to absorb, and loss less, availability is high, has good ecological benefits, avoid the polluted-water of fertilizer and the salination of soil.
6., save labour: special especially obvious in greenhouse culture and appropriate scale of operation, significantly can reduce the labour costs of irrigation fertilization.
7., can flexibly, easily and accurately Controlled irrigation fertilising T/A, can carry out targetedly irrigating and applying fertilizer according to the Rules of Nutrition of crop.Supplementary fertilizer that again can be timely, in good time.
8., can the gas permeability of more effective increase soil, create more useful root growth environment to crop;
9., the nutrient required for crop can be delivered directly to effective root district of crop, accomplish water and fertilizer synchronization, can effectively prevent leaching loss of nutrient from arriving beyond effective root district of plant; Stop salinity to the injury of root system of plant and blade;
10., by adjusting the pH value of fertilizer solution, EC value makes the validity of fertilizer nutrient reach maximization; Can five large obstacles of more effective regulation and control soil root by the Integration of Water into Fertilizer: water stainization, salination, PH, root region soil gas permeability, soil-borne disease;
In addition, the vexed canopy of high temperature epiphragma, can not only alleviate continuous cropping obstacle, and can also accelerate soil-ripening by adding fertilizer, promoting the conversion of soil Mineral Elements, improvement soil, improves the availability of fertilizer.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.But those skilled in the art will readily understand, concrete material proportion, process conditions and result thereof described by embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, and should can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims yet.
Embodiment 1
A kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
1) selection on ground, garden: utilize original booth, select physical features relatively flat, the newly-built booth in the place that irrigation condition is good, lay main pipeline, install water-fertilizer integral equipment needed thereby, comprise irrigation system, fertilizer applicator and filter;
2) wholely: in July, remove the indoor weeds of canopy, plant residue, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and it is permeable to plough rear filling, covers plastic film pond sludge and closes, cover canopy film airtight awning room on earth's surface, 50 DEG C of vexed canopies 25 days; Fertilizer comprises fertilizer 600kg, calcium cyanamide 40kg, superphosphate 40kg;
3) ridging: booth takes off film, after soil is dry, executes colza cake 80kg for every mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15kg, imposes between ridge, do ridge after ploughing; Every meter is done a ridge, ridge face width 40cm, low wide 60cm, ridge height 25cm; N, P is comprised in potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
2o
5and K
2o, described N, P
2o
5and K
2the mass percent that O accounts for potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is respectively 16%; I.e. N, P
2o
5and K
2o accounts for 48% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer altogether;
4) transplant: at the beginning of 9 months, select excellent strawberry cultivars, after detoxification treatment, field planting strawberry, the distance between rows and hills of field planting strawberry is 20cm × 20cm, and every ridge plants 2 row, lays arm immediately after cultivation, between 2 row strawberries, lay internally-inlaid irrigate band, drip permeable, to guarantee surviving of strawberry;
5) water-fertilizer integral management: carry out water management according to the growth period of strawberry and weather condition, fertilizer adopts water miscible potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and adds a small amount of boron fertilizer, fertilizer is executed with water, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used after squaring period, result initial stage, each fruit harvesting, each usage amount is 4kg/ mu, each water 2000kg/ mu, winter and Later growth reduce pours water; The process of each fertilising will experience three periods, meets 1/4-1/2-1/4 rule, and namely pour water and start to after 1/4 period, whole system reaches service pressure, and water dropper water outlet is even; Note fertilizer is carried out in centre 1/2 period of pouring water; Last 1/4 period of pouring water does not inject fertilizer, can make allly to be retained in intrasystem fertilizer and can be rinsed, in order to avoid fertilizer is to the erosion of equipment, above three periods also will be adjusted depending on actual conditions, as 1/4 time rinsed out fertilizer not, flushing can be entered in advance;
6) timely collecting: pluck when strawberry fruit more than 90% is existing red.
Embodiment 2
A kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
1) selection on ground, garden: utilize original booth, select physical features relatively flat, the newly-built booth in the place that irrigation condition is good, lay main pipeline, install water-fertilizer integral equipment needed thereby, comprise irrigation system, fertilizer applicator and filter;
2) wholely: in July, remove the indoor weeds of canopy, plant residue, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and it is permeable to plough rear filling, covers plastic film pond sludge and closes, cover canopy film airtight awning room on earth's surface, 70 DEG C of vexed canopies 40 days; Fertilizer comprises fertilizer 1000kg, calcium cyanamide 60kg, superphosphate 70kg;
3) ridging: booth takes off film, after soil is dry, executes colza cake 100kg for every mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg, imposes between ridge, do ridge after ploughing; Every meter is done a ridge, ridge face width 50cm, low wide 70cm, ridge height 30cm; N, P is comprised in potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
2o
5and K
2o, described N, P
2o
5and K
2the mass percent that O accounts for potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is respectively 16%; I.e. N, P
2o
5and K
2o accounts for 48% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer altogether;
4) transplant: at the beginning of 9 months, select excellent strawberry cultivars, after detoxification treatment, field planting strawberry, the distance between rows and hills of field planting strawberry is 20cm × 20cm, and every ridge plants 2 row, lays arm immediately after cultivation, between 2 row strawberries, lay internally-inlaid irrigate band, drip permeable, to guarantee surviving of strawberry;
5) water-fertilizer integral management: carry out water management according to the growth period of strawberry and weather condition, fertilizer adopts water miscible potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and adds a small amount of boron fertilizer, fertilizer is executed with water, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used after squaring period, result initial stage, each fruit harvesting, each usage amount is 8kg/ mu, each water 3000kg/ mu, winter and Later growth reduce pours water; The process of each fertilising will experience three periods, meets 1/4-1/2-1/4 rule, and namely pour water and start to after 1/4 period, whole system reaches service pressure, and water dropper water outlet is even; Note fertilizer is carried out in centre 1/2 period of pouring water; Last 1/4 period of pouring water does not inject fertilizer, can make allly to be retained in intrasystem fertilizer and can be rinsed, in order to avoid fertilizer is to the erosion of equipment, above three periods also will be adjusted depending on actual conditions, as 1/4 time rinsed out fertilizer not, flushing can be entered in advance;
6) timely collecting: pluck when strawberry fruit more than 90% is existing red.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
1) selection on ground, garden: utilize original booth, select physical features relatively flat, the newly-built booth in the place that irrigation condition is good, lay main pipeline, install water-fertilizer integral equipment needed thereby, comprise irrigation system, fertilizer applicator and filter;
2) wholely: in July, remove the indoor weeds of canopy, plant residue, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and it is permeable to plough rear filling, covers plastic film pond sludge and closes, cover canopy film airtight awning room on earth's surface, 60 DEG C of vexed canopies 30 days; Fertilizer comprises fertilizer 800kg, calcium cyanamide 50kg, superphosphate 65kg;
3) ridging: booth takes off film, after soil is dry, executes colza cake 90kg for every mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 18kg, imposes between ridge, do ridge after ploughing; Every meter is done a ridge, ridge face width 45cm, low wide 65cm, ridge height 27cm; N, P is comprised in potassium sulfate compound fertilizer
2o
5and K
2o, described N, P
2o
5and K
2the mass percent that O accounts for potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is respectively 16%; I.e. N, P
2o
5and K
2o accounts for 48% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer altogether;
4) transplant: at the beginning of 9 months, select excellent strawberry cultivars, after detoxification treatment, field planting strawberry, the distance between rows and hills of field planting strawberry is 20cm × 20cm, and every ridge plants 2 row, lays arm immediately after cultivation, between 2 row strawberries, lay internally-inlaid irrigate band, drip permeable, to guarantee surviving of strawberry;
5) water-fertilizer integral management: carry out water management according to the growth period of strawberry and weather condition, fertilizer adopts water miscible potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and adds a small amount of boron fertilizer, fertilizer is executed with water, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used after squaring period, result initial stage, each fruit harvesting, each usage amount is 6kg/ mu, each water 2500kg/ mu, winter and Later growth reduce pours water; The process of each fertilising will experience three periods, meets 1/4-1/2-1/4 rule, and namely pour water and start to after 1/4 period, whole system reaches service pressure, and water dropper water outlet is even; Note fertilizer is carried out in centre 1/2 period of pouring water; Last 1/4 period of pouring water does not inject fertilizer, can make allly to be retained in intrasystem fertilizer and can be rinsed, in order to avoid fertilizer is to the erosion of equipment, above three periods also will be adjusted depending on actual conditions, as 1/4 time rinsed out fertilizer not, flushing can be entered in advance;
6) timely collecting: pluck when strawberry fruit more than 90% is existing red.
By Experimental comparison for many years, analyze the difference of the booth of common management and the management by methods booth of the present embodiment 1 ~ 3 strawberry water-fertilizer integral plantation:
| ? | The booth of common management | Water-fertilizer integral booth |
| Water consumption (t/ mu) | 110 | 70 |
| Fertilizer application amount (pure, kg/ mu) | 70.5 | 62.8 |
| Water, recruitment of applying fertilizer (individual/mu) | 21 | 13 |
| Output (kg/ mu) | 1560 | 1820 |
| Sugar part (%) | 8 | 10 |
Claims (6)
1. a strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) selection on ground, garden: utilize original booth, select physical features relatively flat, the newly-built booth in the place that irrigation condition is good, lay main pipeline, install water-fertilizer integral equipment needed thereby, comprise irrigation system, fertilizer applicator and filter;
2) wholely: in July, remove the indoor weeds of canopy, plant residue, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, and it is permeable to plough rear filling, covers plastic film pond sludge and closes, cover canopy film airtight awning room, 50-70 DEG C of vexed canopy 25-40 days on earth's surface;
3) ridging: booth takes off film, after soil is dry, executes colza cake 80-100kg for every mu, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 15-20kg, imposes between ridge, do ridge after ploughing;
4) transplant: at the beginning of 9 months, select excellent strawberry cultivars, after detoxification treatment, field planting strawberry, every ridge plants 2 row, lays arm immediately after cultivation, between 2 row strawberries, lay internally-inlaid irrigate band, drips permeable, to guarantee surviving of strawberry;
5) water-fertilizer integral management: carry out water management according to the growth period of strawberry and weather condition, fertilizer adopts water miscible potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and adds a small amount of boron fertilizer, fertilizer is executed with water, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used after squaring period, result initial stage, each fruit harvesting, each usage amount is 4-8kg/ mu, each water 2000-3000kg/ mu, winter and Later growth reduce pours water;
6) timely collecting: pluck when strawberry fruit more than 90% is existing red.
2. a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 5), the process of each fertilising will experience three periods, meet 1/4-1/2-1/4 rule, namely pour water and start to after 1/4 period, whole system reaches service pressure, and water dropper water outlet is even; Note fertilizer is carried out in centre 1/2 period of pouring water; Last 1/4 period of pouring water does not inject fertilizer, can make allly to be retained in intrasystem fertilizer and can be rinsed, in order to avoid fertilizer is to the erosion of equipment, above three periods also will be adjusted depending on actual conditions, as 1/4 time rinsed out fertilizer not, flushing can be entered in advance.
3. a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2) in fertilizer comprise fertilizer 600-1000kg, calcium cyanamide 40-60kg, superphosphate 40-70kg.
4. a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3), every meter is done a ridge, ridge face width 40-50cm, low wide 60-70cm, ridge height 25-30cm.
5. a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise N, P in potassium sulfate compound fertilizer described in described step 3)
2o
5and K
2o, described N, P
2o
5and K
2the mass percent that O accounts for potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is respectively 16%.
6. a kind of strawberry water-fertilizer integral implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 4), the distance between rows and hills of field planting strawberry is 20cm × 20cm.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104838860A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Modeled strawberry cultivation technology |
| CN104885727A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-09 | 广西大学 | High-yield trickle irrigation planting method for strawberries |
| CN105075600A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-25 | 合肥槟阳农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting red strawberries |
| CN105123256A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for planting oil sunflower in coastal saline soil in high-carbon and high-yield way |
| CN105409535A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-23 | 韦昱灵 | Planting method for strawberries |
| CN105918093A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 杨建冬 | Pipelining cultivation method for strawberries |
| CN108901681A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-30 | 阜阳市殿兴农业科技有限公司 | A kind of strawberry Ridged plant fertilizing method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885727A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-09-09 | 广西大学 | High-yield trickle irrigation planting method for strawberries |
| CN104838860A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-08-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Modeled strawberry cultivation technology |
| CN104838860B (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2017-03-15 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of Fructus Fragariae Ananssae standardized cultivation method |
| CN105075600A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-25 | 合肥槟阳农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting red strawberries |
| CN105123256A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for planting oil sunflower in coastal saline soil in high-carbon and high-yield way |
| CN105123256B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-12-12 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | A kind of high carbon sequestration of beach saline land and the method for high-yield planting oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers |
| CN105409535A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-03-23 | 韦昱灵 | Planting method for strawberries |
| CN105918093A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-07 | 杨建冬 | Pipelining cultivation method for strawberries |
| CN108901681A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-11-30 | 阜阳市殿兴农业科技有限公司 | A kind of strawberry Ridged plant fertilizing method |
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Application publication date: 20141217 |