CN109349020A - A kind of greenhouse gardening method of the tomato based on aerating - Google Patents
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of the tomato based on aerating Download PDFInfo
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- CN109349020A CN109349020A CN201811203880.7A CN201811203880A CN109349020A CN 109349020 A CN109349020 A CN 109349020A CN 201811203880 A CN201811203880 A CN 201811203880A CN 109349020 A CN109349020 A CN 109349020A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to growing tomatoes technical fields, and in particular to a kind of greenhouse gardening method of the tomato based on aerating.The present invention is carried out using drip irrigation pipe plus water aerating, gas needed for increasing growth to tomato plant, be conducive to increase the growth of the activity of enzyme and promotion plant in soil, be conducive to reinforce the photosynthesis of plant, improve yield, science control amount of water and aerating amount simultaneously, increase controllability to plant strain growth situation, improve the disease resistance of plant；By carrying out aerating to plant, is conducive to the apopore dredged in drip irrigation pipe, prevents water outlet hole plug, extend the service life of drip irrigation pipe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing tomatoes technical fields, and in particular to a kind of greenhouse gardening side of the tomato based on aerating
Method.
Background technique
Tomato is rich in multiple beneficial element, has high plantation value.But tomato is planted, field management is to close
Key, tomato are deep-rooted crop, and plant ability normal growth only after the uptake of various nutrients reaches physiological equilibrium reaches
To high yield, more and more to the demand of agricultural and sideline product now with the improvement of people's living standards, greenhouse gardening technology starts
It comes into operation, due to present labor transfer, there is an urgent need for a kind of cultivating tomato modes of high yield, improve yield, increase
Strong disease resistance reduces production cost；And current tomato booth planting technology is not introduced to the aerating side of growing tomatoes
Method.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of greenhouse gardening methods of tomato based on aerating, specifically
Technical solution is as follows:
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of the tomato based on aerating the following steps are included:
(1) site preparation basal dressing: insecticide 2.5-3kg per acre is applied to planting site before arable land, planting site applies decomposed farmers' per acre
Fertile 1500-1600kg, organic fertilizer 50-60kg；And planting site is deep ploughed 28-30cm, shine soil 10-15 days；
(2) do ridge: furrow are made into the furrow of the wide 0.8-1.4m of furrow, the high 10-15cm of furrow；Furrow are determined according to the length of planting site；Two furrow it
Between gutter, furrow width 0.3-0.5m are set；Planting site surrounding reserves the channel of width 0.3-0.4m；
(3) it is embedded to drip irrigation pipe in advance in the soil of planting site；The drip irrigation pipe is connect with water pump, air compressor respectively；Water
Pump is for irrigating tomato plant；Air compressor is for giving tomato plant aerating；
(4) be colonized: by tomato plants field planting into ready-made furrow, tomato plants plant height requires to be 20-25cm, and line-spacing is
0.4-0.5m, spacing in the rows 0.35-0.45m, pours root water；When tomato plants it is long to 65-70cm when built；Plantation density is
1700-1800 plants/per acre；
(5) field management: being irrigated for every 3-4 days after field planting, and irrigation quantity is determined according to soil moisture content, and the upper limit of pouring water is set as
Soil moisture content amount 70%-90%；It carried out at field planting 6-7 days with water top dressing, the fertilizer of fertilising includes urea, potassium sulfate, N P and K
Compound fertilizer applies urea 18-20kg, potassium sulfate 12-14kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 22-24kg per acre；It chases after within every 16-20 days later
Fertile primary, each top dressing uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 26-28kg, potassium sulfate 16-18kg；And at 30-35 days after field planting into
Row intertillage, first carries out Plant adjustment before intertillage；
(6) mature with harvesting: to grow progress artificial pollination in 6-8 days after inflorescence；When growing fruit ear, every plant is stayed 8-9 fruit ear, often
A fruit ear stays 2-4 fruit, and soil moisture content maintains 22-25%, is harvested after tomato reddens.
Preferably, the farmyard manure in the step (1) is one or more of cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer in the step (1) is the mixture of pond sludge and dry chicken and duck excrement；The pond sludge and dry chicken and duck
The mixed proportion of excrement is 6-7:1.
Preferably, the pond sludge is lotus rhizome pond sludge or fish pond mud.
Preferably, the insecticide in the step (1) is high for soil fertility, a kind in phoxim.
Preferably, the drip irrigation pipe in the step (3) includes trickle irrigation main pipe, several trickle irrigation branch pipes；One end of trickle irrigation branch pipe
It is connect with trickle irrigation main pipe, priming valve, air entraining valve is respectively set on the trickle irrigation main pipe；Venturi is arranged on the trickle irrigation main pipe to infuse
Emitter；The venturi injector includes water inlet end, water outlet, inlet end；Air entraining valve is arranged in air compressor and inlet end
On the trickle irrigation main pipe of connection；Priming valve is arranged on the trickle irrigation main pipe that water inlet end is connect with water pump；It is arranged on every trickle irrigation branch pipe
One valve, for independent Controlled irrigation amount and aerating amount；The depth that the drip irrigation pipe is placed into the soil is 15-40cm.
Preferably, filter is also set up, the filter is arranged between priming valve and water inlet end.
Preferably, to later tomato plants every 2-4 days 15-20 days after field planting plus primary gas, aerating amount adds for standard
0.5-1.5 times of tolerance.
Preferably, the calculation of the standard aerating amount is as follows:, whereinFor mark
Quasi- aerating amount, unit L,For the cross-sectional area of furrow, unit cm2,, whereinIt is long for furrow,For furrow height；For
Furrow are long, unit cm, can be obtained by measurement,It, can value 1.34g/cm for the soil weight3,It, can value for soil density
2.65g/cm3。
Preferably, the specific calculation that irrigation quantity is determined according to soil moisture content in the step (5) are as follows:
,
WhereinFor irrigation quantity, unit m3, To plan wet area, unit m2,It, can value for the soil weight
1.34g/cm3,For moisten layer depth, value range 0.2-0.3m,It is percentage for field biggest quality water-holding capacity,
It is percentage for upper limit quality moisture content of pouring water,Quality moisture content is surveyed for soil, is percentage,For water utilization system
Number, underground drip irrigation value 0.95.
The invention has the benefit that the present invention is carried out using drip irrigation pipe plus water aerating, increases to tomato plant and grow
Required gas is conducive to increase the growth of the activity of enzyme and promotion plant in soil, is conducive to the photosynthesis for reinforcing plant,
Yield, while science control amount of water and aerating amount are improved, controllability is increased to plant strain growth situation, improves the disease-resistant of plant
Ability；By carrying out aerating to plant, is conducive to the apopore dredged in drip irrigation pipe, prevents water outlet hole plug, extend trickle irrigation
The service life of pipe.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 uses schematic diagram for drip irrigation pipe；
Wherein, 1: trickle irrigation main pipe, 2: trickle irrigation branch pipe, 3: priming valve, 4: air entraining valve, 5: venturi injector, 51: water inlet end, 52:
Water outlet, 53: inlet end.
Specific embodiment
In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of the tomato based on aerating the following steps are included:
(1) site preparation basal dressing: insecticide 2.5kg per acre is applied to planting site before arable land, planting site applies decomposed farmyard manure per acre
1500kg, organic fertilizer 50kg；And planting site is deep ploughed 28cm, shine soil 10 days；Farmyard manure is the mixture of cow dung, pig manure.Desinsection
Agent is that soil fertility is high.Organic fertilizer is the mixture of pond sludge and dry chicken and duck excrement；The mixed proportion of pond sludge and dry chicken and duck excrement is 6:1.Pond sludge
For lotus rhizome pond sludge or fish pond mud.
(2) do ridge: furrow are made into the furrow of the wide 1m of furrow, the high 10cm of furrow；Furrow are determined according to the length of planting site；It is arranged between two furrow
Gutter, furrow width 0.3m；Planting site surrounding reserves the channel of width 0.3m；
(3) it is embedded to drip irrigation pipe in advance in the soil of planting site；Drip irrigation pipe is connect with water pump, air compressor respectively；Water pump is used
In irrigation tomato plant；Air compressor is for giving tomato plant aerating；
(4) be colonized: by tomato plants field planting into ready-made furrow, tomato plants plant height require be 20cm, line-spacing 0.4m,
Spacing in the rows 0.35m, pours root water；When tomato plants it is long to 65cm when built；Plantation density be 1700-1800 plants/per acre；
(5) field management: being irrigated for every 3 days after field planting, and irrigation quantity is determined according to soil moisture content, specific calculation are as follows:
,
WhereinFor irrigation quantity, unit m3, To plan wet area, unit m2,It, can value for the soil weight
1.34g/cm3,For moisten layer depth, value range 0.2-0.3m,It is percentage for field biggest quality water-holding capacity,
It is percentage for upper limit quality moisture content of pouring water, which is artificially arranged,Quality moisture content is surveyed for soil, is percentage,
The parameter practical measurement,For water use coefficient, underground drip irrigation value 0.95.The upper limit of pouring water quality moisture content is set as 70%-
90%。
It carried out at field planting 6-7 days with water top dressing, the fertilizer of fertilising includes urea, potassium sulfate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, is applied per acre
Add urea 18kg, potassium sulfate 12kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 22kg；Every top dressing in 16 days is primary later, and each top dressing uses N P and K
Compound fertilizer 26kg, potassium sulfate 16kg；And intertilled at 30 days after field planting, Plant adjustment is first carried out before intertillage；
(6) mature with harvesting: to grow progress artificial pollination in 6 days after inflorescence；When growing fruit ear, every plant is stayed 8 fruit ears, Mei Geguo
Fringe stays 2 fruits, and soil moisture content maintains 22-25%, is harvested after tomato reddens.
As shown in Figure 1, drip irrigation pipe includes trickle irrigation main pipe 1, several trickle irrigation branch pipes 2；One end of trickle irrigation branch pipe 2 and trickle irrigation main pipe
1 connects, and priming valve 3, air entraining valve 4 is respectively set on trickle irrigation main pipe 1；Venturi injector 5 is set on trickle irrigation main pipe 1；Venturi
Syringe 5 includes water inlet end 51, water outlet 52, inlet end 53；Air entraining valve 4 is arranged in what air compressor was connect with inlet end 53
On trickle irrigation main pipe 1；Priming valve 3 is arranged on the trickle irrigation main pipe 1 that water inlet end 51 is connect with water pump；It is arranged on every trickle irrigation branch pipe 2
One valve, for independent Controlled irrigation amount and aerating amount；The depth that drip irrigation pipe is placed into the soil is 15cm.It is set on trickle irrigation main pipe
Filter is set, filter is arranged between priming valve 3 and water inlet end 51.
To 15 days later tomato plants every 2 days after field planting plus primary gas, aerating amount was 1 times of standard aerating amount.Mark
The calculation of quasi- aerating amount is as follows:, whereinFor standard aerating amount, unit L,For
The cross-sectional area of furrow, unit cm2,, whereinIt is long for furrow,For furrow height；Long for furrow, unit cm passes through survey
Amount can obtain,It, can value 1.34g/cm for the soil weight3,It, can value 2.65g/cm for soil density3。
Embodiment 2:
A kind of greenhouse gardening method of the tomato based on aerating the following steps are included:
(1) site preparation basal dressing: insecticide 3kg per acre is applied to planting site before arable land, planting site applies decomposed farmyard manure per acre
1600kg, organic fertilizer 60kg；And planting site is deep ploughed 30cm, shine soil 15 days；Farmyard manure is the mixture of pig manure, chicken manure.Desinsection
Agent is phoxim.Organic fertilizer is the mixture of pond sludge and dry chicken and duck excrement；The mixed proportion of pond sludge and dry chicken and duck excrement is 7:1.Pond sludge
For lotus rhizome pond sludge or fish pond mud.
(2) do ridge: furrow are made into the furrow of the wide 1.2m of furrow, the high 15cm of furrow；Furrow are determined according to the length of planting site；It is set between two furrow
Set gutter, furrow width 0.5m；Planting site surrounding reserves the channel of width 0.4m；
(3) it is embedded to drip irrigation pipe in advance in the soil of planting site；Drip irrigation pipe is connect with water pump, air compressor respectively；Water pump is used
In irrigation tomato plant；Air compressor is for giving tomato plant aerating；
(4) be colonized: by tomato plants field planting into ready-made furrow, tomato plants plant height require be 25cm, line-spacing 0.5m,
Spacing in the rows 0.45m, pours root water；When tomato plants it is long to 70cm when built；Plantation density be 1700-1800 plants/per acre；
(5) field management: being irrigated for every 4 days after field planting, and irrigation quantity is determined according to soil moisture content, specific calculation are as follows:
,
WhereinFor irrigation quantity, unit m3, To plan wet area, unit m2,It, can value for the soil weight
1.34g/cm3,For moisten layer depth, value range 0.2-0.3m,It is percentage for field biggest quality water-holding capacity,
It is percentage for upper limit quality moisture content of pouring water, which is artificially arranged,Quality moisture content is surveyed for soil, is percentage,
The parameter practical measurement,For water use coefficient, underground drip irrigation value 0.95.The upper limit of pouring water quality moisture content is set as 70%-
90%。
It carried out at field planting 7 days with water top dressing, the fertilizer of fertilising includes urea, potassium sulfate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, is applied per acre
Urea 20kg, potassium sulfate 14kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 24kg；Every top dressing in 20 days is primary later, and each top dressing uses azophoska
Hefei 28kg, potassium sulfate 18kg；And intertilled at 35 days after field planting, Plant adjustment is first carried out before intertillage；
(6) mature with harvesting: to grow progress artificial pollination in 8 days after inflorescence；When growing fruit ear, every plant is stayed 9 fruit ears, Mei Geguo
Fringe stays 4 fruits, and soil moisture content maintains 22-25%, is harvested after tomato reddens.
As shown in Figure 1, drip irrigation pipe includes trickle irrigation main pipe 1, several trickle irrigation branch pipes 2；One end of trickle irrigation branch pipe 2 and trickle irrigation main pipe
1 connects, and priming valve 3, air entraining valve 4 is respectively set on trickle irrigation main pipe 1；Venturi injector 5 is set on trickle irrigation main pipe 1；Venturi
Syringe 5 includes water inlet end 51, water outlet 52, inlet end 53；Air entraining valve 4 is arranged in what air compressor was connect with inlet end 53
On trickle irrigation main pipe 1；Priming valve 3 is arranged on the trickle irrigation main pipe 1 that water inlet end 51 is connect with water pump；It is arranged on every trickle irrigation branch pipe 2
One valve, for independent Controlled irrigation amount and aerating amount；The depth that drip irrigation pipe is placed into the soil is 15cm.It is set on trickle irrigation main pipe
Filter is set, filter is arranged between priming valve 3 and water inlet end 51.
2 days every to 15-20 days after field planting later tomato plants plus primary gas, aerating amount are the 1.5 of standard aerating amount
Times.The calculation of standard aerating amount is as follows:, whereinFor standard aerating amount, unit is
L,For the cross-sectional area of furrow, unit cm2,, whereinIt is long for furrow,For furrow height；It is long for furrow, unit cm,
It can be obtained by measurement,It, can value 1.34g/cm for the soil weight3,It, can value 2.65g/cm for soil density3。
The present invention be not limited to more than specific embodiment, the above is only preferable case study on implementation of the invention, and
Not to limit the present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of the tomato based on aerating, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) site preparation basal dressing: insecticide 2.5-3kg per acre is applied to planting site before arable land, planting site applies decomposed farmers' per acre
Fertile 1500-1600kg, organic fertilizer 50-60kg；And planting site is deep ploughed 28-30cm, shine soil 10-15 days；
(2) do ridge: furrow are made into the furrow of the wide 0.8-1.4m of furrow, the high 10-15cm of furrow；Furrow are determined according to the length of planting site；Two furrow it
Between gutter, furrow width 0.3-0.5m are set；Planting site surrounding reserves the channel of width 0.3-0.4m；
(3) it is embedded to drip irrigation pipe in advance in the soil of planting site；The trickle irrigation is connect with water pump, air compressor respectively；Water pump
For irrigating tomato plant；Air compressor is for giving tomato plant aerating；
(4) be colonized: by tomato plants field planting into ready-made furrow, tomato plants plant height requires to be 20-25cm, and line-spacing is
0.4-0.5m, spacing in the rows 0.35-0.45m, pours root water；When tomato plants it is long to 65-70cm when built；Plantation density is
1700-1800 plants/per acre；
(5) field management: being irrigated for every 3-4 days after field planting, and irrigation quantity is determined according to soil moisture content, and the upper limit of pouring water is set as
Soil moisture content amount 70%-90%；It carried out at field planting 6-7 days with water top dressing, the fertilizer of fertilising includes urea, potassium sulfate, N P and K
Compound fertilizer applies urea 18-20kg, potassium sulfate 12-14kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 22-24kg per acre；It chases after within every 16-20 days later
Fertile primary, each top dressing uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 26-28kg, potassium sulfate 16-18kg；And at 30-35 days after field planting into
Row intertillage, first carries out Plant adjustment before intertillage；
(6) mature with harvesting: to grow progress artificial pollination in 6-8 days after inflorescence；When growing fruit ear, every plant is stayed 8-9 fruit ear, often
A fruit ear stays 2-4 fruit, and soil moisture content maintains 22-25%, is harvested after tomato reddens.
2. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly the farmyard manure in (1) is one or more of cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement.
3. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly the organic fertilizer in (1) is the mixture of pond sludge and dry chicken and duck excrement；The mixed proportion of the pond sludge and dry chicken and duck excrement is 6-7:1.
4. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the pool
Mud is lotus rhizome pond sludge or fish pond mud.
5. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly the insecticide in (1) is high for soil fertility, a kind in phoxim.
6. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly the drip irrigation pipe in (3) includes trickle irrigation main pipe, several trickle irrigation branch pipes；One end of trickle irrigation branch pipe is connect with trickle irrigation main pipe, the drop
It fills and priming valve, air entraining valve is respectively set on main pipe；Venturi injector is set on the trickle irrigation main pipe；The venturi injector
Including water inlet end, water outlet, inlet end；Air entraining valve is arranged on the trickle irrigation main pipe that air compressor is connect with inlet end；Add water
Valve is arranged on the trickle irrigation main pipe that water inlet end is connect with water pump；One valve is set on every trickle irrigation branch pipe, for individually controlling
Irrigation quantity and aerating amount；The depth that the drip irrigation pipe is placed into the soil is 15-40cm.
7. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: also set up
Filter, the filter are arranged between priming valve and water inlet end.
8. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to field planting
Later tomato plants every 2-4 days 15-20 days plus primary gas afterwards, aerating amount are 0.5-1.5 times of standard aerating amount.
9. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mark
The calculation of quasi- aerating amount is as follows:, whereinFor standard aerating amount, unit L,For
The cross-sectional area of furrow, unit cm2,, whereinIt is long for furrow,For furrow height；Long for furrow, unit cm passes through survey
Amount can obtain,It, can value 1.34g/cm for the soil weight3,It, can value 2.65g/cm for soil density3。
10. a kind of greenhouse gardening method of tomato based on aerating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The specific calculation that irrigation quantity is determined according to soil moisture content in step (5) are as follows:
,
WhereinFor irrigation quantity, unit m3, To plan wet area, unit m2,It, can value for the soil weight
1.34g/cm3,For moisten layer depth, value range 0.2-0.3m,It is percentage for field biggest quality water-holding capacity,
It is percentage for upper limit quality moisture content of pouring water,Quality moisture content is surveyed for soil, is percentage,For water utilization system
Number, underground drip irrigation value 0.95.
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| CN111264346A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-12 | 胡伟峰 | Drip irrigation formula water-saving irrigation device system |
| CN111264346B (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-08-10 | 深圳市坤锐建筑工程有限公司 | Drip irrigation formula water-saving irrigation device system |
| CN111366200A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-03 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Working parameter calculation method and irrigation matching method of Venturi gas filling device |
| CN111366200B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-06-29 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Working parameter calculation method and irrigation matching method of Venturi gas filling device |
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