CN108849321A - A kind of cultural method of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN108849321A CN108849321A CN201811016942.3A CN201811016942A CN108849321A CN 108849321 A CN108849321 A CN 108849321A CN 201811016942 A CN201811016942 A CN 201811016942A CN 108849321 A CN108849321 A CN 108849321A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of efficient cultivation methods of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables, the selection rape variety that individual dominance is strong, yield potential is big, the big strong sprout of pre-incubation, open compartment corrugate, it is transplanted using width spacing in the rows extremely-low density, and the vegetable variety that field damages, the same period will not be interplanted between rape wide row spacing in the rows when selecting to harvest, harvest before rape bolting；Base fertilizer is used sufficient, mainly based on organic fertilizer, cooperation composite inorganic fertilizer, timely top dressing suitably sprays foliar fertilizer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.A kind of comprehensive planting type proposed of the problems such as the present invention be directed to mountain area terrain topography, weather, human resources, by giving full play to rape individual productive potentialities, the effective silique number of significant increase single plant, ensure the effective silique number of group, it realizes rape yield increasing stable yields, interplants vegetables in rape gap, rationally utilize the exposed ground of Feng Hangqian, increase season vegetables income, improves rapeseed cultivation benefit and field utilization efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, are related to a kind of cultural method of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables.
Background technique
Rape is the big oil crops in China first, and annual cultivated area is at 7,000,000 hectares or so, China rape main producing region
It is concentrated mainly on the Yangtze river basin.
Entire mechanization is received in sowing, is the main flow direction that rapeseed breeding and cultivation are advocated in recent years.Direct-sowing rape is by adding
Big planting density, generally 35~500,000 plants/hm2, make rapeseed plants become it is short, stem attenuates, the ripe phase is relatively uniform, be suitable for machinery
Harvesting.The areas such as the west and south in Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Hubei in Middle And Upper Reaches of The Yangtze River, light, temperature, water, heat condition are superior, the winter
Season without severe cold, is conducive to autumn sowing growth of rape, but the more mountainous regions of geographical environment, and topography is rugged and rough, relatively disperses suitable for the soil of farming,
Be difficult to do mechanization operation, and to cover farmland serious for mountain range, forest, it is foggy it is few shine, have a humid climate, crops are unsuitable for dense planting.Cause
This this area peasant mostly uses culturing and transplanting seedlings.Culturing and transplanting seedlings rape is not influenced by preceding crop, for alleviating the season lance of crop
Shield has certain effect, and is conducive to nurturing staff when nursery, improves the disease-resistant cold tolerance of rape, can guarantee stable high yield.But
Traditional culturing and transplanting seedlings, Transplanting Density is in 9~120,000 plants/hm2, transplanting process take a lot of work it is more, needed before spending by beat leaf keep rape
Middle and lower part ventilation and penetrating light, economic benefit is low, in recent years in the case where a large amount of Out-migrant for work of rural migrant worker, rural laborer's shortage,
The enthusiasm of peasant planting rape is declining always.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, a kind of mountainous region rape cultivation method is provided.For reality
Existing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention take following technical measures：
Step 1: the selection of rape variety：Selection can appropriate early sowing, individual dominance is strong, single plant growing way is prosperous, does not rise in year
Tongue fur, the individual rape variety that yield potential is big, later period anti-sclerotiniose is strong；
Step 2: cultivating big strong sprout：It selects seedbed to turn over rake carefully, selects the strong seed of full seed, growth potential, in advance 35-
The bunch planting nursery of 25cm × 25cm distance between rows and hills is pressed in progress rape nursery in 40 days, seedbed；Vegetables are interplanted according to breediness, determine nursery
Whether with seedling raise period；
Step 3: site preparation is ditched：Base fertilizer is used sufficient in conjunction with site preparation, mainly based on organic fertilizer, cooperation composite inorganic fertilizer；It is wide according to compartment
1.6 meters, 0.3 meter of trench digging of furrow width divide compartment；
Step 4: transplanting in due course：When seedling age 40 days or 6 leaf of leaf age, big strong sprout transplanting is selected；Width spacing in the rows is used on compartment,
Respectively 1 meter, 0.6 meter, two rows of compartment cultivation, 1 meter of line-spacing, two each 0.3 meter of back gauge compartment ditches, 1.3 ten thousand plants of per hectare or so；
Step 5: interplanting vegetables：After rape has been transplanted, apart from 0.3 meter of exterior domain interplanting of rape between 1 meter of distance between rows and hills of rape
Vegetables, vegetables, which can be transplanted, to be broadcast live, not cause big damage to be advisable field when can harvest, harvest before vegetables year；
Step 6: timely top dressing：Rape was transplanted in a week, is imposed seed manure, by the end of December or at the beginning of twelfth month, is chased after winter dressing；
Top dressing is applied using cave, at the 15cm of rape two sides；According to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, fill spray in time foliar fertilizer to weak seedling；
Step 7: harvesting vegetables：It is harvested immediately after vegetable ripeness, after harvesting, carries out rape cultivation and banking and ditch cleaning work；
Step 8: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out each period prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of rape, rape flowering stage attention control sclerotiniose,
Maturity period attention control white blister and downy mildew；
Step 9: rape harvest：Complete stool silique turns yellow, and when rape seed blackening gathers in, and evening as far as possible receives, and yield can be improved
And oil yield.
The principle of the present invention is with effect：
This cultivation technique is the development of autumn hair high-yield culturing system.By shifting to an earlier date nursery, crops for rotation anxiety problem is alleviated, is
Rape was grown before year, had striven for the more time, was conducive to cultivate big strong sprout.1.3 ten thousand plants of Transplanting Densities of per hectare give single plant oil
The enough growing spaces of dish, reduce the competition in rape group between plant to illumination, nutrient to the greatest extent, keep the growth of rape individual latent
Power is not fully exerted.The rape grown under extremely-low density, rapeseed plants are sturdy tall and big, and well developed root system, lodging resistance is strong, plant height
Generally between 190-220cm, silique thickness reaches 100cm, and lower layer's ventilation and penetrating light alleviates rape sclerotium under hot and humid environment
The problem of outburst and later period illumination deficiency early ageing of disease.Guarantee that group is effective eventually by the effective silique number of significant increase single plant
Silique number, by mass of 1000 kernel, the advantage of every seed number per pod, volume increase stable yields is realized in the enhancing of lodging resistance, disease resistance.
It is harvested before rape bolting using wide-narrow row planting in rape wide row spacing in the rows intercrop vegetables, rationally utilizes rape
The light warm water thermal resource that the exposed area Feng Hangqian is arrived after transplanting, does not influence the growth in rape later period, also adds season income, into
One step improves the enthusiasm of peasant planting rape.
The cultural method is proposed for the problems such as mountain area terrain topography, weather, human resources, is based on existing rape product
Kind, by nurturing staff, planting density, interplanting early period vegetables are reduced, improves the utilization efficiency of rapeseed cultivation benefit and field, side
Method is easy, easy to operate, realizes the purpose of the sustainable high-efficient development of Rape-seed production.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific implementation, the present invention is explained in further detail：
Step 1: the selection of rape variety
Selection can appropriate early sowing, individual dominance is strong, single plant growing way is prosperous, do not play tongue fur in year, individual yield potential is big, the later period is anti-
The strong rape variety of sclerotiniose.Choose full seed, the seed that germinating energy is strong, germination percentage is high is used for nursery.
Step 2: cultivating big strong sprout
Selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep, 2% or more soil organic matter content, far from village, close to water source, irrigation and drainage side
Just and the plot of irrigation water cleanliness without any pollution is as seedbed.Stubble-cleaning is turned in advance, and harrows thin soil moisture conservation, is applied per acre in conjunction with site preparation decomposed
2000~2500kg of farmyard manure, compound fertilizer (total nutrient content >=45%) 50kg.
Nursery in 40 days in advance, seedbed is according to 25cm × 25cm distance between rows and hills bunch planting nursery, and every cave 5-7,2 leaf thinnings retain
2-3 plants of strong sprout, one plant of big strong sprout is stayed in 4 leaf final singlings.2 leaf phases, which imposed, mentions 5kg/ mus of seed manure nitrogenous fertilizer.3 leaf phases uniformly sprayed paclobutrazol
(15g medicine converts 15kg water) is primary.
Step 3: site preparation is ditched
Select that soil layer is deep, field is without the low non-long-term continuous cropping rape plot of the gradient well-drained after accumulated water or trench digging.Sea
Pulling out is advisable with 400-1000.Sand ground and the application of preceding stubble exclude the plot of rape toxic pesticides.Stubble-cleaning is turned in advance, before sowing
Carry out closing weeding within 1 week.In conjunction with site preparation according to 45% health+50kg/ mus of compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 40kg/ mus of biological organic fertilizer,
Middle happy boron 600g/ mus of oil kind, 5kg/ mus of application base fertilizer of cyanogen ammonium calcium.
, furrow width 0.3 meter trench digging 1.6 meters wide according to compartment divides compartment, and middle ditch is reached after trench digging and is deeper than furrow, ditch (circular groove) is enclosed and is deeper than
Middle ditch accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates, and irrigation and drainage are unobstructed.
Step 4: transplanting in due course
When seedling age 40 days or 6 leaf of leaf age, big strong sprout transplanting is chosen.The preceding seedbed of lifting is watered with water, and lifting band soil as far as possible is not hurt
Root.It is transplanted on compartment using (0.6 meter, 1 meter) of width spacing in the rows, two rows of compartment cultivation, 1 meter of line-spacing, two each 0.3 meter of back gauge compartment ditches, every public affairs
Just 1.3 ten thousand plants or so.Transplanting time is advisable with afternoon, it is ensured that transplanted seedling is straight, root is steady, Miao Zheng, full stand.The transplanting same day pours root application type
Organic water-soluble fertilizer does root water.Seedling stage fills the gaps with seedlings watering for seedling and in time, guarantees survival rate 100%.
Step 5: interplanting vegetables
Between 1 meter of distance between rows and hills of rape, vegetables are interplanted apart from 0.3 meter of exterior domain of rape.Vegetables nursery or sowing time are interplanted,
It is determined according to specific vegetables, to guarantee to harvest before the Spring Festival to be advisable.Such as garlic, spinach, caraway can be after rape be transplanted
Set is sowed between rape wide row spacing in the rows immediately, and green vegetables, romaine lettuce can shift to an earlier date nursery, transplanting synchronous with rape.
Step 6: water and fertilizer management
The transplanting same day pours root application type organic water-soluble fertilizer, root water；Rape was transplanted within a week, and seed manure urea is applied
6.0kg/ mus, by the end of December or at the beginning of twelfth month, chase after 6.0kg/ mus of winter dressing urea, 6.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride.Top dressing is applied using cave, in oil
At the 15cm of dish two sides.According to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, fill spray in time foliar fertilizer to weak seedling.
Step 7: vegetables harvest
Harvested vegetable before rape bolting.After vegetables harvest, cultivation and banking, and timely ditch cleaning are carried out, rainwater after the beginning of spring is prevented
Excessively cause compartment area water.
Step 8: disease control
Rape flowering stage carries out sclerotiniose preventing and controlling, and cyclopentadienyl azoles dimethachlon can be used to prevent and treat sclerotiniose 2 times.Maturity period pays attention to
Prevent and treat white blister and downy mildew.
Step 9: rape harvest
Complete stool silique turns yellow, and when rape seed blackening gathers in, and evening as far as possible receives, and yield and oil yield can be improved.
It is cultivated according to above method, following two embodiment has been carried out in the selection of seed：
Embodiment 1
Rape variety selects oil to grind 50, selects the progress seedbed nursery on the 26th of full seed August, October 2, field-transplanting, was moved
It planting and uses width spacing in the rows (0.6 meter, 1 meter), compartment is 1.6 meters wide, and 1 meter of line-spacing, two 0.3 meter of back gauge compartment ditches.It interplants vegetables and selects the big root and stem of certain plants
Radish " Ba Yu ", September nursery on the 5th after the completion of rape transplanting, in the wide spacing in the rows of rape, are moved according to 20cm × 30cm in rape gap
Plant Turnip Sprouts.Imposed 6.0kg/ mus of seed manure urea October 10.December 20 harvest radish, compartment face of raking.December 28, pass through
Cave, which is applied, imposes rape cured fertile 6.0kg/ mus of urea, 6.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride, cultivation and banking and timely ditch cleaning.At the beginning of March 12 rape
Spraying in the flowering stage cyclopentadienyl azoles dimethachlon prevents sclerotinia sclerotiorum.May 13, harvesting rape.
Embodiment 2
Rape variety selects the earth 199, Chongqing south oil 683, selects the progress seedbed nursery on the 11st of full seed September, October 20
Day field-transplanting, transplanting use width spacing in the rows (0.6 meter, 1 meter), and compartment is 1.6 meters wide, and 1 meter of line-spacing, two 0.3 meter of back gauge compartment ditches.Interplanting
Vegetables select South Korea radish, September nursery on the 17th, October 21, in the wide spacing in the rows of rape, according to 40cm × 30cm in rape gap
Transplant Turnip Sprouts.Imposed 6.0kg/ mus of seed manure urea October 27.Harvesting on January 23 radish, compartment face of raking is applied by cave and is imposed
Rape cured fertile 6.0kg/ mus of urea, 6.0kg/ mus of potassium chloride, cultivation and banking and timely ditch cleaning.March 12, rape flowering stage sprayed
Luxuriant azoles dimethachlon prevents sclerotinia sclerotiorum.May 4, harvesting rape.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cultural method of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1: the selection of rape variety：Selection can appropriate early sowing, individual dominance is strong, single plant growing way is prosperous, does not play tongue fur in year, is a
The rape variety that body yield potential is big, later period anti-sclerotiniose is strong；
Step 2: cultivating big strong sprout：It selects seedbed to turn over rake thin, selects the strong seed of full seed, growth potential, 35-40 days in advance
Rape nursery is carried out, the nursery of 25cm × 25cm distance between rows and hills is pressed in seedbed；Vegetables are interplanted according to breediness, determine whether nursery with educate
The seedling time；
Step 3: site preparation is ditched：Base fertilizer is used sufficient in conjunction with site preparation, trench digging divides compartment；
Step 4: transplanting in due course：When seedling age 40 days or 6 leaf of leaf age, big strong sprout is selected, is transplanted according to width spacing in the rows；
Step 5: interplanting vegetables：After rape has been transplanted, in rape wide row spacing in the rows intercrop vegetables, vegetables, which can be transplanted, to be broadcast live, with
Big damage is not caused to be advisable field when can harvest, harvest before vegetables year；
Step 6: timely top dressing：Rape was transplanted in a week, is imposed seed manure, by the end of December or at the beginning of twelfth month, is chased after winter dressing；
Step 7: harvesting vegetables：It is harvested immediately after vegetable ripeness, after harvesting, carries out rape cultivation and banking and ditch cleaning work；
Step 8: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Carry out each period prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of rape, flowering stage attention control sclerotiniose, maturity period note
Meaning prevention and treatment white blister and downy mildew；
Step 9: rape harvest：Complete stool silique turns yellow, and when rape seed blackening gathers in, and evening as far as possible receives, and improves yield and fuel-displaced
Rate.
2. the cultural method of a kind of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In two, seed uses the fine nursery of bunch planting.
3. the cultural method of a kind of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In three, mainly based on organic fertilizer, cooperation composite inorganic fertilizer uses sufficient base fertilizer, furrow width 0.3 meter trench digging 1.6 meters wide according to compartment divides compartment.
4. the cultural method of a kind of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In four, 1 meter of wide spacing in the rows, 0.6 meter of narrow spacing in the rows, two rows of compartment cultivation, 1 meter of line-spacing, two each 0.3 meter of back gauge compartment ditches.
5. the cultural method of a kind of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In five, vegetables are interplanted apart from 0.3 meter of exterior domain of rape between 1 meter of distance between rows and hills of rape.
6. the cultural method of a kind of mountain area area rape interplanting vegetables according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
In six, top dressing is applied at the 15cm of rape two sides using cave, according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, is filled spray in time foliar fertilizer to weak seedling.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113229058A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Planting method for interplanting capsicum annuum in outdoor overwintering rapes |
| CN115250819A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-01 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | High-efficiency pepper planting mode |
-
2018
- 2018-09-03 CN CN201811016942.3A patent/CN108849321A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113229058A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-08-10 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Planting method for interplanting capsicum annuum in outdoor overwintering rapes |
| CN115250819A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-11-01 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | High-efficiency pepper planting mode |
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Application publication date: 20181123 |