CN102870580A - High-yield cultivation method for peanuts - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method for peanuts, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: A, land selection; B, seed treatment; C, sowing; D, fertilization time and mode; and E, seedling cultivation. By using the high-yield cultivation method for peanuts disclosed by the invention, the fertilization method for peanuts is rational and scientific, the soil property is improved, and the loss of inorganic fertilizers can be reduced; different sowing depths are adopted according to the difference among specific sowing modes, so that the specific growth conditions of peanuts are met; meanwhile, a wheat-row interplanted sowing form which is a cultivation mode designed for improving the multiple cropping index and fully using the soil fertility and light energy resources is adopted, so that the land utilization rate is improved, and the yield of peanuts is improved; and the seedling cultivation process is rational and scientific and meets the needs of peanut growth, so that obtained peanuts have an optimal quality and yield.

Description

High yield cultivation method of peanut

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, belong to the agriculture cultivation technology field.

Background technology

Along with constantly bringing forth new ideas and the Breeding and popularization of early-maturing variety of culture technique, the cropping system of peanut was also ripely developed to interplant by single seat to more than a year shortening development by 1 year one, and the crop rotation method of main producing region also constantly changes simultaneously.Because the difference of landform, precipitation, temperature, the planting patterns of peanut is divided into three kinds, the furrow work that comprises flat work, the ridge culture after the subsoiling land preparation of level land water furrow planting and be beneficial to draining.Ridge culture is divided into again single file ridge culture and duplicate rows ridge culture.Then these traditional cultivation methods science not, the continuous cropping phenomenon is serious for many years, can not take full advantage of soil fertility and Luminous energy resource, backward in technique in the cultivation process, these factors have all affected output and the quality of peanut.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of peanut growth environment that improves, and changes the peanut cultivation mode, improves the high yield cultivation method of peanut of peanut yield and quality.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention may further comprise the steps:

A, selection of land:

Select the not soil of continuous cropping, soil pH value is between 6-7, and earth, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower under loosing soil, ventilative, the upper sand contains organic and sufficient calcium element in the soil;

B, seed treatment:

First seed is basked seeds, the classification grain-by-grain seed selection of then peeling off re-uses sterilization spirit and little fertile seed dressing;

C, sowing:

A, sowing time: the optimum sowing time of northern area is the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, the In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River sowing time is before and after clear and bright grain rains, the sowing in 25-30 days before the previous crops results of summer cover peanut adopts plastic film mulching cultivation than the Zao 10-15 of outdoor cropping days;

B, seeding method: select wherein a kind of in artificial dibbling, mechanical planting, three kinds of seeding methods of iron stubble sowing; When selecting mechanical planting, sowing depth is about 5cm; The plot that ground temperature is lower or soil moisture is large, sowing depth is shallow, but the most shallow must not be less than 3cm, the plot that ground temperature is higher or soil moisture is little, sowing depth is deepened, but the darkest 6cm that is no more than;

C, sowing form:

Adopt wheat row interplanting sowing form, it is capable to have reserved peanut on the basis of wheat specification sowing, and the duplicate rows interplanting is adopted 0.8 meter and opened the railway carriage or compartment, and two row wheats are sowed in every railway carriage or compartment, reserves 0.5 meter later on sowing two row peanut;

D, fertilization time and mode:

Use sufficient under the prerequisite of base fertilizer during wheat in sowing, behind the neat seedling of peanut, carry seedling with 7-8 kilogram urea for every mu, full-bloom stage sprays 1-2 time do foliage spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Can select four kinds of fertilization modes, the first is take fertilizer as main, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; The second is take base manure as main, and it is auxiliary topdressing; The third is to topdress take fertile seedling as main, and fertilizers for potted flowers, fruit-promoting fertilizer are auxiliary; The 4th kind is that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used;

E, seedling fostering:

At first will look into seedling fills a vacancy, spring sowing peanut after broadcasting 10-15 days, summer peanut was looked into seedling in 7-8 days and is filled a vacancy after broadcasting, its less important clear restraining the growth of seedlings is behind the neat seedling of peanut, when carrying out intertilling the first time, table soil around the seedling is pushed aside, side shoot between two cotyledons and cotyledon axil is exposed outside the soil, is intertill and clean tillage again, wants at last pre-insect-pest.

Adopt high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention, particularly adopt wheat row interplanting sowing form, select breeding, in good time early sowing, wheat should be selected precocity, short bar, be difficult for the high yield and high quality kind of lodging, peanut then should select ripe property early, plant is compact, shade tolerance is strong high yielding variety, the fertilizing method of peanut is scientific and reasonable, improve soil property, also can reduce the loss of inorganic fertilizer; Difference according to concrete seeding method adopts different sowing depth, satisfied the actual conditions of peanut growth, adopting simultaneously wheat row interplanting sowing form is a kind ofly to be intended to raise the multiple-cropping index, take full advantage of the planting type of soil fertility and Luminous energy resource, improved the availability in soil, improved the output of peanut, the seedling fostering process engineering is reasonable, satisfy the demand of peanut growth, obtained best quality and yield with the peanut that causes acquisition.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention is described in further detail.

High yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention may further comprise the steps:

A, selection of land:

Select the not soil of continuous cropping, otherwise can cause damage by disease and insect and Peanut Root System autointoxication, soil pH value is between 6-7, and earth, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower under loosing soil, ventilative, the upper sand contains organic and sufficient calcium element in the soil;

B, seed treatment:

After soil condition possesses, first seed is basked seeds prior to seeding, the classification grain-by-grain seed selection of then peeling off in order to reduce by mashed kind and disease, re-uses sterilization spirit and little fertile seed dressing, to improve germination rate and the emergence rate of seed;

C, sowing:

A, sowing time: the optimum sowing time of northern area is the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, the In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River sowing time is before and after clear and bright grain rains, the sowing in 25-30 days before the previous crops results of summer cover peanut adopts plastic film mulching cultivation than the Zao 10-15 of outdoor cropping days;

B, seeding method: select wherein a kind of in artificial dibbling, mechanical planting, three kinds of seeding methods of iron stubble sowing; When selecting mechanical planting, sowing depth is about 5cm; The plot that ground temperature is lower or soil moisture is large, sowing depth is shallow, but the most shallow must not be less than 3cm, the plot that ground temperature is higher or soil moisture is little, sowing depth is deepened, but the darkest 6cm that is no more than; The problem that machine sowing exists mainly is that operation quality is unstable, lacks the cave, lacks grain, three cave large percentages, sows deep mixed causing, and line-spacing is uneven.Therefore, for solving the defective of machine sowing operation, at first will improve whole geological measuring, next controls machine fertilising quantity, chooses seed, controls row spacing well;

C, sowing form:

Adopt wheat row interplanting sowing form, it is capable to have reserved peanut on the basis of wheat specification sowing, and the duplicate rows interplanting is adopted 0.8 meter and opened the railway carriage or compartment, and two row wheats are sowed in every railway carriage or compartment, reserves 0.5 meter later on sowing two row peanut;

D, fertilization time and mode:

Peanut is that anti-lean ability is stronger to the nutrient demand characteristics, uses a small amount of fertilizer can obtain equivalent production, is nitrogen＞potassium＞phosphorus＞calcium to the absorptive amount of main nutrient elements, peanut absorbs fertilizer when seedling stage less, florescence increases gradually, and pod bearing period is maximum, and the maturing stage descends again; Use sufficient under the prerequisite of base fertilizer during wheat in sowing, behind the neat seedling of peanut, carry seedling with 7-8 kilogram urea for every mu, full-bloom stage sprays 1-2 time do foliage spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Can select four kinds of fertilization modes, the first is take fertilizer as main, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; The second is take base manure as main, and it is auxiliary topdressing; The third is to topdress take fertile seedling as main, and fertilizers for potted flowers, fruit-promoting fertilizer are auxiliary; The 4th kind is that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used;

E, seedling fostering:

At first will look into seedling and fill a vacancy, spring sowing peanut after broadcasting 10-15 days, summer peanut were looked into seedling in 7-8 days and are filled a vacancy after broadcasting, its less important clear restraining the growth of seedlings is behind the neat seedling of peanut, when carrying out intertilling the first time, table soil around the seedling is pushed aside, side shoot between two cotyledons and cotyledon axil being exposed outside the soil, be beneficial to first pair of side shoot, the healthy and strong growth of seedling, is intertill and clean tillage again, intertill and clean tillage requires " head is all over shallow; two times dark, three times do not hinder root ", wants at last pre-insect-pest.

Need to prove simultaneously and adopt plastic mulching can increase production more than 35% in the peanut cultivation process, high yield can reach 70%-90%, and advantage has: raising ground temperature, soil moisture conservation are put forward moisture in the soil, strengthen the drought-relief, waterlogging-preventing ability, keep loosing soil, are reduced fertilizer loss etc.Often select conventional polyethylene ground film, width 90cm, thickness is not less than 0.004mm.

By cultivation method of the present invention, sowing in 25-30 days is advisable before harvesting wheat, the symbiosis phase of peanut seedling and wheat is controlled at 15-20 days, rationally enrich fertilizer, because the wheat and peanut interplant early growth is subjected to certain hidden impact of wheat, so when the sowing wheat, use sufficient under the prerequisite of base fertilizer, according to the key that the peanut growth of cereal crop seedlings is early executed, spraying fertilizer is acquisition peanut high yield ingeniously, behind the neat seedling of peanut, can carry seedling with 7-8 kilogram urea by mu, full-bloom stage can spray 1-2 time do foliage spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, has improved thus output and the quality of peanut.

Claims (1)

1. high yield cultivation method of peanut may further comprise the steps:

A, selection of land:

Select the not soil of continuous cropping, soil pH value is between 6-7, and earth, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower under loosing soil, ventilative, the upper sand contains organic and sufficient calcium element in the soil;

B, seed treatment:

First seed is basked seeds, the classification grain-by-grain seed selection of then peeling off re-uses sterilization spirit and little fertile seed dressing;

C, sowing:

A, sowing time: the optimum sowing time of northern area is the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, the In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River sowing time is before and after clear and bright grain rains, the sowing in 25-30 days before the previous crops results of summer cover peanut adopts plastic film mulching cultivation than the Zao 10-15 of outdoor cropping days;

B, seeding method: select wherein a kind of in artificial dibbling, mechanical planting, three kinds of seeding methods of iron stubble sowing; When selecting mechanical planting, sowing depth is about 5cm; The plot that ground temperature is lower or soil moisture is large, sowing depth is shallow, but the most shallow must not be less than 3cm, the plot that ground temperature is higher or soil moisture is little, sowing depth is deepened, but the darkest 6cm that is no more than;

C, sowing form:

Adopt wheat row interplanting sowing form, it is capable to have reserved peanut on the basis of wheat specification sowing, and the duplicate rows interplanting is adopted 0.8 meter and opened the railway carriage or compartment, and two row wheats are sowed in every railway carriage or compartment, reserves 0.5 meter later on sowing two row peanut;

D, fertilization time and mode:

Use sufficient under the prerequisite of base fertilizer during wheat in sowing, behind the neat seedling of peanut, carry seedling with 7-8 kilogram urea for every mu, full-bloom stage sprays 1-2 time do foliage spray with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; Can select four kinds of fertilization modes, the first is take fertilizer as main, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary; The second is take base manure as main, and it is auxiliary topdressing; The third is to topdress take fertile seedling as main, and fertilizers for potted flowers, fruit-promoting fertilizer are auxiliary; The 4th kind is that nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used;

E, seedling fostering:

At first will look into seedling fills a vacancy, spring sowing peanut after broadcasting 10-15 days, summer peanut was looked into seedling in 7-8 days and is filled a vacancy after broadcasting, its less important clear restraining the growth of seedlings is behind the neat seedling of peanut, when carrying out intertilling the first time, table soil around the seedling is pushed aside, side shoot between two cotyledons and cotyledon axil is exposed outside the soil, is intertill and clean tillage again, wants at last pre-insect-pest.